CN110714780A - Excavation and supporting method for 'pin' -shaped functional structure of large-section tunnel - Google Patents
Excavation and supporting method for 'pin' -shaped functional structure of large-section tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110714780A CN110714780A CN201911014298.0A CN201911014298A CN110714780A CN 110714780 A CN110714780 A CN 110714780A CN 201911014298 A CN201911014298 A CN 201911014298A CN 110714780 A CN110714780 A CN 110714780A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
Abstract
The invention discloses an excavation and support method of a 'pin' -shaped functional structure of a large-section tunnel, which comprises the steps of dividing an excavation area into a left area, a middle area and a right area according to the size of the tunnel, dividing each area into a plurality of pilot tunnels from top to bottom, excavating each pilot tunnel according to construction modes of bilateral symmetry, top to bottom and middle, excavating, supporting the top, bottom and side surfaces of each pilot tunnel simultaneously during excavation to form a closed ring, removing partial temporary steel supports in the supports after one cycle is finished and stabilizing surrounding rocks, and reinforcing the rest temporary steel supports to form permanent steel supports. By improving the double-side-wall pit guiding method, the temporary support for tunnel excavation is changed into a permanent support. The construction cost can be effectively saved, the construction period can be shortened to a certain extent, and the construction safety factor can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an excavation and support method of a 'pin' -shaped functional structure of a large-section tunnel, belonging to the technical field of tunnel construction.
Background
The existing tunnel support comprises primary support, secondary lining and temporary support. The primary support and the secondary lining belong to a permanent support structure of the tunnel, the temporary support is a tunnel support means generally used in the tunnel excavation stage, and the primary support and the secondary lining are dismantled after being stabilized. In particular, in the excavation of a large-section tunnel, in order to enhance the stability of the tunnel, a temporary support measure is commonly adopted. Aiming at the tunnel shaped like a Chinese character 'pin', the double-side-wall pit guiding method is mainly characterized in that a plurality of blocks are excavated, a temporary intermediate wall and a temporary transverse support are built, a temporary vertical support needs to be arranged if necessary, and the original temporary support is dismantled to perform secondary primary building of the tunnel. And finally, opening the tunnel. In the subsection excavation of the large-section tunnel, before primary support is stable, the stability of tunnel surrounding rocks is realized by adopting a temporary support mode, and after the primary support is stable, the temporary support is removed to be used as a secondary lining. Although the process is common in tunnel construction, the need of removing temporary supports and then performing secondary lining is the biggest defect of excavation of the tunnel with the cross section in the shape of Chinese character 'pin'. Although the temporary support can strengthen the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the temporary support belongs to disposable consumed materials, and the waste and the increase of engineering materials are caused to a certain extent. The existing temporary supporting means generally adopt horizontal or vertical steel supports. There is no method for using temporary support as permanent support.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for excavating and supporting a 'pin' -shaped functional structure of a large-section tunnel. By improving the double-side-wall pit guiding method, the temporary support for tunnel excavation is changed into a permanent support. The construction cost can be effectively saved, the construction period can be shortened to a certain extent, and the construction safety factor can be increased.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for excavating and supporting a 'pin' -shaped functional structure of a large-section tunnel comprises the steps of dividing an excavation area into a left area, a middle area and a right area according to the size of the tunnel, dividing each area into a plurality of pilot tunnels from top to bottom, excavating each pilot tunnel according to a construction mode of bilateral symmetry, from top to bottom and from the middle to the end, excavating and supporting the top, the bottom and the side of each pilot tunnel simultaneously to form a closed ring, dismantling part of temporary steel supports in the support after one cycle is finished and stabilizing surrounding rocks, and reinforcing the rest of the temporary steel supports to form permanent steel supports.
In the excavation and supporting method of the 'article' -shaped functional structure of the large-section tunnel, the method comprises the following steps:
A. the excavation area is divided into a left area, a middle area and a right area, each area is divided into three pilot holes from top to bottom, the left area is divided into a left upper pilot hole ①, a left middle pilot hole ③ and a left bottom pilot hole ⑤, the middle area is divided into a middle upper pilot hole ⑦, a middle pilot hole ⑧ and a middle bottom pilot hole ⑨, and the right area is divided into a right upper pilot hole ②, a right middle pilot hole ④ and a right bottom pilot hole ⑥;
B. excavating a left upper pilot tunnel ① and a right upper pilot tunnel ②, namely, pre-supporting a left upper pilot tunnel ① in advance, excavating a left upper pilot tunnel ①, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support follows a tunnel face, after a main tunnel body and a side wall are initially sprayed, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
C. excavating a left middle pilot tunnel ③ and a right middle pilot tunnel ④, namely, pre-supporting ③ of the left middle pilot tunnel in advance, excavating ③ of the left middle pilot tunnel, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support closely follows the tunnel face, after a main tunnel body and a side wall are initially sprayed, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
D. excavating a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤ and a right bottom pilot tunnel ⑥, namely, pre-supporting a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤ in advance, excavating a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support follows the tunnel face, after primary spraying is performed on a main tunnel body and a side wall, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
E. excavating a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦, namely, pre-supporting a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ in advance, then excavating a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support closely follows a tunnel face, and after a main tunnel body is initially sprayed, the main tunnel body support adopts a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh sheet, an I-steel support and a re-spraying wet-spraying concrete support;
F. excavating a middle pilot tunnel ⑧, namely excavating a middle pilot tunnel ⑧, arranging transverse steel supports to be connected with the steel supports of the side wall walls at two sides to form a closed ring, connecting I-shaped steels by adopting longitudinal connecting steel bars, and excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨ after the excavation length reaches a section width L;
G. excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨, namely excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨, synchronously performing primary support, connecting bottom steel supports with left and right side bottom steel supports, and supporting the bottom by wet-sprayed concrete;
H. removing partial temporary supports after the surrounding rocks are stabilized, wherein the temporary supports comprise two side wall I-shaped steel supports between a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ and a left upper pilot tunnel ① and a right upper pilot tunnel ②, a transverse steel support between a left middle pilot tunnel ③ and a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤, a transverse steel support between a right middle pilot tunnel ④ and a right bottom pilot tunnel ⑥, and a transverse steel support between a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ and a middle pilot tunnel ⑧;
J. and integrally pouring inverted arch concrete and a filling layer, then setting a waterproof layer for secondary lining, lining the hole body and the reserved temporary support by adopting the injection concrete secondary lining, and repeating the steps until the whole tunnel is excavated.
In the excavation and supporting method of the 'pin' -shaped functional structure of the large-section tunnel, in the step a, according to the specific geometric dimensions of the upper ventilation tunnel and the lower two driving tunnels, the measuring instrument is used for paying off and positioning according to the designed elevation, and the elevation coordinate position of each tunnel branch pilot tunnel is determined.
In the excavation and supporting method of the 'pin' -shaped functional structure of the large-section tunnel, in the excavation process, I28b section steel is used as a temporary supporting material, splicing work is done according to the pre-designed size and position, and splicing is performed in a mode of backing plate bolts at the end heads; and H, after the I-shaped steel supports and the transverse steel supports of the two side wall walls are completely dismantled, welding reinforcement treatment is carried out on joints of the remaining temporary supports from top to bottom.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the excavation and supporting method has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional excavation method, the method has strict requirements on the tunnel subsection, and the excavation method can ensure that the later construction of the tunnel shaped like the Chinese character 'pin' can be smoothly and efficiently carried out.
2. Compared with the traditional excavation method, the construction cost can be effectively saved by dismantling part of the temporary supports, reserving part of the temporary supports and converting the part of the temporary supports into permanent supports. The social and economic benefits are remarkable.
3. Compared with the traditional excavation method, the temporary support is strictly connected, local reinforcement treatment is carried out on the unremoved temporary support, the stability of the tunnel is improved, and the construction risk is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general construction flow diagram;
FIGS. 2 to 7 are construction sequence diagrams;
FIG. 8 is a construction timing diagram;
reference numerals: 1-system anchor rod; 2-primary support; 3-waterproof layer; 4-secondary lining; 5-steel bulkhead support; 6, driving a tunnel; 7-a ventilation tunnel; 8-transverse steel support.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: a method for excavating and supporting a 'pin' -shaped functional structure of a large-section tunnel comprises the steps of dividing an excavation area into a left area, a middle area and a right area according to the design size of the tunnel, dividing each area into a plurality of pilot tunnels from top to bottom, excavating each pilot tunnel according to a construction mode of bilateral symmetry, from top to bottom and finally in the middle, excavating and supporting the top, the bottom and the side surfaces of each pilot tunnel simultaneously to form a closed ring, removing partial temporary steel supports in the supports after one cycle is finished and surrounding rocks are stabilized, and reinforcing the rest temporary steel supports to form permanent steel supports. As shown in the attached figure 1, the excavation of the tunnel with the shape like the Chinese character 'pin' on the large section is mainly completed in nine steps: (1) construction preparation; (2) advance support; (3) excavating in parts; (4) primary support; (5) removing part of the temporary support; (6) waterproofing; (7) secondary lining; (8) circulating construction; (9) and (6) finishing tunnel excavation. The specific construction steps are as follows, as shown in the attached figures 2-7:
A. the excavation area is divided into a left area, a middle area and a right area, each area is divided into three pilot holes from top to bottom, the left area is divided into a left upper pilot hole ①, a left middle pilot hole ③ and a left bottom pilot hole ⑤, the middle area is divided into a middle upper pilot hole ⑦, a middle pilot hole ⑧ and a middle bottom pilot hole ⑨, and the right area is divided into a right upper pilot hole ②, a right middle pilot hole ④ and a right bottom pilot hole ⑥;
B. excavating a left upper pilot tunnel ① and a right upper pilot tunnel ②, namely, pre-supporting a left upper pilot tunnel ① in advance, excavating a left upper pilot tunnel ①, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support follows a tunnel face, after a main tunnel body and a side wall are initially sprayed, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, I-steel supports and re-sprayed wet-sprayed concrete;
C. excavating a left middle pilot tunnel ③ and a right middle pilot tunnel ④, namely, pre-supporting ③ of the left middle pilot tunnel in advance, excavating ③ of the left middle pilot tunnel, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support closely follows the tunnel face, after a main tunnel body and a side wall are initially sprayed, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
D. excavating a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤ and a right bottom pilot tunnel ⑥, namely, pre-supporting a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤ in advance, excavating a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support follows the tunnel face, after primary spraying is performed on a main tunnel body and a side wall, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
E. excavating a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦, namely, pre-supporting a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ in advance, excavating a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support closely follows a tunnel face, and after a main tunnel body is initially sprayed, the main tunnel body support adopts a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh sheet, an I-steel support and a re-spraying wet-spraying concrete support;
F. excavating a middle and middle pilot tunnel ⑧, namely excavating a middle and middle pilot tunnel ⑧, arranging transverse steel supports to be firmly connected with the steel supports of the side walls at the two sides, so that the primary support of the pilot tunnel forms a closed ring, connecting I-shaped steels by adopting longitudinal connecting steel bars to strengthen the stability of the steel supports, and excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨ after the excavation length reaches a section width L;
G. excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨, namely excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨, and synchronously performing primary support, wherein steel supports at the bottom of the pilot tunnel are firmly connected with steel supports at the left side and the right side, the local part of the steel supports can be welded and reinforced, and the bottom of the pilot tunnel is supported by wet-sprayed concrete;
H. after the surrounding rock is stabilized, partial temporary supports are removed, namely two side wall I-shaped steel supports between the middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ and the left upper pilot tunnel ① and the right upper pilot tunnel ②, a transverse steel support between the left middle pilot tunnel ③ and the left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤, a transverse steel support between the right middle pilot tunnel ④ and the right bottom pilot tunnel ⑥, and a transverse steel support between the middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ and the middle pilot tunnel ⑧, namely 2 side wall I-shaped steel supports and 3 transverse steel supports, wherein the removal positions can be clearly seen from the attached drawings 5 and 6.
J. And integrally pouring inverted arch concrete and a filling layer, then setting a waterproof layer for secondary lining, lining the hole body and the reserved temporary support by adopting the injection concrete secondary lining, and repeating the steps until the whole tunnel is excavated.
The tunnel structure after excavation and supporting is shown in figure 7, a tunnel with a 'pin' -shaped functional structure is provided with a ventilation tunnel 7, a main body is positioned in the area of a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦, two driving tunnels 6 are arranged below the ventilation tunnel, and the main body is respectively positioned in the areas of a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤ and a right bottom pilot tunnel ⑥. due to the construction of the ventilation tunnel 7, I-shaped steel supports of a side wall beside the ventilation tunnel 7 and transverse steel supports at the bottom of the ventilation tunnel 7 need to be removed, and the transverse steel supports at the top of the driving tunnels 6 need to be removed.
From figure 7 can see supporting construction in whole tunnel, including adopting combination formula stock to main hole body, system stock 1 that the reinforcing bar net piece constitutes, the wet shotcrete concrete that spouts is strutted again and is formed preliminary bracing 2, erect 6 lateral wall I- shaped steel shotcrete 5 and 6 horizontal steel shotcrete 8 simultaneously, the end connection of horizontal steel shotcrete 8 and lateral wall I- shaped steel shotcrete 5, 2 lateral wall I-shaped steel shotcrete 5 and 3 horizontal steel shotcrete 8 are demolishd to the later stage, and at 2 outside waterproof layer 3 and the secondary lining 4 of applying of preliminary bracing. And finally obtaining the structure shown in the attached figure 6, and constructing the ventilation tunnel 7 and the two driving tunnels 6 at the later stage, thereby finally obtaining the structure shown in the attached figure 7.
In the scheme, part of the temporary transverse steel supports 8 and part of the side wall I-shaped steel supports 5 are emphatically reserved, so that the positions of the transverse steel supports 8 and the side wall I-shaped steel supports 5 must be strictly controlled, and the elevations of the transverse steel supports 8 and the side wall I-shaped steel supports 5 are measured and controlled in real time. So that the three tunnels are not obstructed from access. The connection between the transverse steel support 8 to be retained and part of the i-steel support 5 of the side wall is strictly monitored for stability and locally reinforced.
And step A, according to the specific geometric dimensions of the upper ventilation tunnel and the lower two interval tunnels, performing paying-off positioning according to a designed elevation by using a measuring instrument, and determining the elevation coordinate position of each tunnel branch pilot tunnel.
Since part of the temporary transverse steel supports 8 and part of the side wall I-shaped steel supports 5 are converted into permanent supports, the connection work of the temporary transverse steel supports 8 and part of the side wall I-shaped steel supports 5 is required to be completed. In the excavation process, I28b section steel is used as a temporary support material, splicing work is done according to the pre-designed size and position, and splicing is carried out in a mode of backing plate bolts and rivets at the end heads; and H, after the I-shaped steel supports 5 and the transverse steel supports 8 of the two side wall walls are completely dismantled, welding reinforcement treatment is carried out on joints of the remaining temporary supports from top to bottom.
In the construction process, as shown in the attached figure 8, the excavation of each part of the tunnel has time lag requirements, namely, layered and sectional excavation is adopted, the excavation progress of each part is ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ from fast to slow in principle, and the specific interval can be reasonably adjusted according to real-time geological monitoring.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an excavation, support method of big section tunnel "article" font functional structure which characterized in that: dividing an excavation area into a left area, a middle area and a right area according to the size of a tunnel, dividing each area into a plurality of pilot tunnels from top to bottom, excavating each pilot tunnel according to a construction mode of bilateral symmetry, from top to bottom and finally in the middle, supporting the top, the bottom and the side surfaces of each pilot tunnel simultaneously in the excavation process to form a closed ring, dismantling partial temporary steel supports in the supports after one cycle is finished and stabilizing surrounding rocks, and reinforcing the rest temporary steel supports to form permanent steel supports.
2. The excavation and supporting method of the inverted-letter-shaped functional structure of the large-section tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. the excavation area is divided into a left area, a middle area and a right area, each area is divided into three pilot holes from top to bottom, the left area is divided into a left upper pilot hole ①, a left middle pilot hole ③ and a left bottom pilot hole ⑤, the middle area is divided into a middle upper pilot hole ⑦, a middle pilot hole ⑧ and a middle bottom pilot hole ⑨, and the right area is divided into a right upper pilot hole ②, a right middle pilot hole ④ and a right bottom pilot hole ⑥;
B. excavating a left upper pilot tunnel ① and a right upper pilot tunnel ②, namely, pre-supporting a left upper pilot tunnel ① in advance, excavating a left upper pilot tunnel ①, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support follows a tunnel face, after a main tunnel body and a side wall are initially sprayed, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
C. excavating a left middle pilot tunnel ③ and a right middle pilot tunnel ④, namely, pre-supporting ③ of the left middle pilot tunnel in advance, excavating ③ of the left middle pilot tunnel, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support closely follows the tunnel face, after a main tunnel body and a side wall are initially sprayed, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
D. excavating a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤ and a right bottom pilot tunnel ⑥, namely, pre-supporting a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤ in advance, excavating a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support follows the tunnel face, after primary spraying is performed on a main tunnel body and a side wall, the main tunnel body is supported by using a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh, an I-steel support and re-spraying wet-spraying concrete;
E. excavating a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦, namely, pre-supporting a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ in advance, then excavating a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦, synchronously performing primary support, wherein the support closely follows a tunnel face, and after a main tunnel body is initially sprayed, the main tunnel body support adopts a combined anchor rod, a reinforcing mesh sheet, an I-steel support and a re-spraying wet-spraying concrete support;
F. excavating a middle pilot tunnel ⑧, namely excavating a middle pilot tunnel ⑧, arranging transverse steel supports to be connected with the steel supports of the side wall walls at two sides to form a closed ring, connecting I-shaped steels by adopting longitudinal connecting steel bars, and excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨ after the excavation length reaches a section width L;
G. excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨, namely excavating a middle bottom pilot tunnel ⑨, synchronously performing primary support, connecting bottom steel supports with left and right side bottom steel supports, and supporting the bottom by wet-sprayed concrete;
H. removing partial temporary supports after the surrounding rocks are stabilized, wherein the temporary supports comprise two side wall I-shaped steel supports between a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ and a left upper pilot tunnel ① and a right upper pilot tunnel ②, a transverse steel support between a left middle pilot tunnel ③ and a left bottom pilot tunnel ⑤, a transverse steel support between a right middle pilot tunnel ④ and a right bottom pilot tunnel ⑥, and a transverse steel support between a middle upper pilot tunnel ⑦ and a middle pilot tunnel ⑧;
J. and integrally pouring inverted arch concrete and a filling layer, then setting a waterproof layer for secondary lining, lining the hole body and the reserved temporary support by adopting the injection concrete secondary lining, and repeating the steps until the whole tunnel is excavated.
3. The excavation and supporting method of the inverted-letter-shaped functional structure of the large-section tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: and in the step A, according to the specific geometric dimensions of the upper ventilation tunnel and the lower two driving tunnels, paying off and positioning are carried out according to the designed elevation by using a measuring instrument, and the elevation coordinate position of each tunnel branch pilot tunnel is determined.
4. The excavation and supporting method of the inverted-letter-shaped functional structure of the large-section tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the excavation process, I28b section steel is used as a temporary support material, splicing work is done according to the pre-designed size and position, and splicing is carried out in a mode of backing plate bolts and rivets at the end heads; and H, after the I-shaped steel supports and the transverse steel supports of the two side wall walls are completely dismantled, welding reinforcement treatment is carried out on joints of the remaining temporary supports from top to bottom.
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| CN110043268A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-23 | 贵州大学 | The perforation method of tunneling subway station and running tunnel boundary in the shape of " pin " |
| CN110284887A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-09-27 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | A kind of construction method of line tunnel trunk |
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