CN110710497B - Method for feeding predatory filthy flies by using substitute prey - Google Patents
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for feeding predatory filthy flies by using substitute prey, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a culture substrate; 2) placing predatory foul fly larvae in a culture medium; 3) feeding predatory dirty flies: and (3) putting the chironomus larvas, which are substitute preys of the predatory filthy fly larvae, on the culture substrate every day for feeding, and feeding 1-5 chironomus larvae of 1-4 years old for each head of the predatory filthy fly larvae every day until pupation. The biological parameters of the larvae of the Cloderma gracilis bred by the method are not greatly different from those of the larvae of the Cloderma gracilis bred by internationally applying the natural prey muscae larvae, but the survival rate of the larvae is improved by 33.5-64.5 percent compared with the survival rate of the larvae of the Cloderma gracilis bred by applying other foreign substitute preys, and the method can be successfully applied to the substrate technology for breeding and storing the Cloderma gracilis. The breeding method of the invention is simple, has wide raw material source, less investment and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application in industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insect feeding, in particular to a method for feeding predatory foul flies by utilizing substitute prey.
Background
In agricultural production, the phenomenon of abuse of chemical insecticides by farmers for controlling crop pests is very serious, and poisoning events caused by overproof pesticide residues occur occasionally. Beneficial biological control factors, namely beneficial insects, beneficial microorganisms and all other beneficial organisms and biological groups are utilized to control crop pests, so that the quality of crops can be effectively improved, the taste of agricultural products is optimized, the ecological environment of farmlands is protected, the pollution to the agricultural products is reduced to the maximum extent, the food safety of consumers is guaranteed, and the green sustainable development of agricultural product production is realized.
Biological pest control is based on biological diversity and includes pest control with insect, fungus control with insect, bird control with insect, etc. Among them, biological control of pests by controlling pests is currently the most widely used method for biological control of pests in the world even though the history is the longest. Because the natural enemy insects are living organisms, the natural enemy insects are required to fully exert the function of controlling pests, and besides the good quality of the natural enemy insects is guaranteed, the application method of the natural enemy insects is also a key link for determining the success or failure of pest control. The family of coenosinii (coenosinei) belongs to the subfamily coenosiae (coenosinae) in the family of the Muscidae (Muscidae) of the order Diptera (Diptera) and the order peridehidae (cyclophiapha), is a larger and more specialized group of the subfamily coenosiae. Most of the coprophilous flies (Coenosia) in the family of coprophilous flies are predatory natural enemy insects, and the leptin coprophilous flies (Coenosia attenuata) are one of them.
The thin and weak house flies are also known as tiger flies (tiger fly), killer flies (killer fly) or hunter flies (hunter fly) (Cock, 1993; Gerling et al, 2001; Parrela, 2008; Seabra et al, 2015). The leptinotarsa is an excellent natural enemy insect, and both larvae and adults have predatory property, wherein the larvae live underground, the larvae of funguses and water flies are used as feed, the adults live on the ground, and the flying insects are used as feed, such as adult insects of the insects such as funguses, whiteflies, liriomyza sativae, artemisia-leafhopper Eupteryx, empoassca-cicada, chironomidae, fruit flies and the like, and winged aphids and the like. Therefore, the thin and weak dirty flies can carry out omnibearing three-dimensional prevention and control on the pests on the ground and underground. However, when the method is applied to the closed spaces such as greenhouses, cold sheds and the like to control pests, the method often faces the situation that preys of the larvae of the leptospirillum are lacked. For example, when whitefly or liriomyza sativae are controlled in a greenhouse, the imagoes of the lean and weak filthy flies can prey on the imagoes of the whitefly and the liriomyza sativae, but no muscae volitantes and hydrofly larvae exist in the greenhouse, so that the larvae of the lean and weak filthy flies have no prey to complete life history, and the purpose of sustainable pest control cannot be achieved.
We have previously studied a delivery application technique known as "banker media". Similar to the banker plant, the technology of propagating non-target insects or making target natural enemy insects complete a certain development stage by throwing a culture medium is called as a banker media technology, so that when the target pests are insufficient or the certain development stage of the target natural enemy insects cannot be completed, the colonization potential of the natural enemy insects is increased, and the target pests are controlled more effectively and durably. For example, when the lean and weak coprolalia is applied to control the Chinese chive maggots (commonly known as the larvae of the bradysia odoriphaga), the life of adults of the Chinese chive maggots is short, and the life of adults of the lean and weak coprolalia is relatively long, so when the prey is insufficient, the baker media-rotten fruits or artificial feeds and fruit flies are thrown. Thus, the thin and weak dirty fly imagoes can maintain the thin and weak dirty fly population by catching the fruit fly imagoes, after the target pest-Chinese chive maggot imagoes appears, the banker media and the fruit flies are withdrawn, and at the moment, the thin and weak dirty fly imagoes can be rotated to catch the Chinese chive maggot imagoes. The larvae of the lean and weak coprophilous flies can always prey on the Chinese chive maggots underground, so that the sustained three-dimensional prevention and control effect on the bradysia odoriphaga can be achieved. In the control of the whitefly, the larvae of the lean and weak dirty flies cannot prey on the nymphs of the whitefly, so that the batker media-imago laying substrate and the larva preys are thrown in while the adults of the lean and weak dirty flies are released. Therefore, the thin and weak coprolalia fly imagoes can prey on whitefly imagoes and can lay eggs in the banker media, and the larvae can finish development in the banker media. Periodically replacing the banker media and culturing in the room, and releasing the eclosion leptin and tenesmus fly imagoes back to the greenhouse. Thus, the leptin and the weak dirty flies can be ensured to well complete the life history, and the purpose of sustainable pest control (Zhoudyu, 2015) is achieved.
Since the presently known natural prey of the larvae of Clonotus obliquus, muscae volitantes and Hydrophila amabilis, can damage the underground roots or bulbs of crops, it is not possible to introduce natural prey in the baker media (storage substrate) application technology to help the larvae of Clonotus obliquus complete their life history. Even if the eclosion is introduced periodically and then withdrawn, the eclosion of the thin and weak dirty fly imagoes is put back to the greenhouse, a great deal of manpower, material resources and time are wasted. At present, no effective prey substitute which is harmless to crops and can lead the larvae of the leptic filthy flies to successfully complete the life history exists.
The requirement for feeding the larvae of the lean and weak dirty flies is higher, the feeding behavior and nutritional requirements of the larvae of the lean and weak dirty flies are still little understood at present, the study on the lean and weak dirty flies in foreign countries, particularly in coastal countries of the Mediterranean sea, starts earlier, the current method for feeding the lean and weak dirty flies is a hot topic (Martins et a1., 2015), while the study on the lean and weak dirty flies in China still stays in the classification stage (Zhoudu jade, Xuweihong, Liu Xiaolin, and the like]Environmental insect bulletin, 2017, 39 (2): 444-452). Moreschi and Colombo (1999) raised the leptinotarsa flies with mixed age of Isolate eye muscae mosquitoes, and the results showed that the ideal raising density was 4-5 preys/cm3. Non-diptera preys have also been used to try to raise the stunted flies, but the effect is not ideal. Moreschi and Suss (1998) raised Clerodera gracilis with sliced Eisenia fetida Savigny, but the mortality rate before pupation was high, as much as 98%, and the development history of the larvae was extended to 23 d. Moresechi and Suss (1998) raised the lean and weak bot flies with early killed Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner larvae, improved feeding effect, reduced mortality to 94.5%, and shortened development of larvae to 20 d.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for breeding predatory foul flies by using substitute prey, which is suitable for various instars of predatory foul fly larvae.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method for feeding predatory coprophila flies by using substitute prey comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture substrate;
2) placing predatory foul fly larvae in a culture medium;
3) feeding predatory dirty flies: and (3) putting the chironomus larvas, which are substitute preys of the predatory filthy fly larvae, on the culture substrate every day for feeding, and feeding 1-5 chironomus larvae of 1-4 years old for each head of the predatory filthy fly larvae every day until pupation.
The predatory dirty flies are the lean dirty flies.
The midge is any one or more of midge feather (Chironomus plus), midge China (Chironomus sinicus), midge flower (Chironomus kijensis) or midge sagina (Chironomus samoensis). Chironomus larvae live in water and feed on silt, plankton, organic debris and the like, and adults fly on the ground. Under natural conditions, the larvae of the leptosphaeria do not contact the larvae of the chironomid.
The culture medium is prepared by adding water into one or more of coconut chaff, peat, turf, vermiculite, mushroom residue or sawdust in any proportion, and the added water is based on no flowing water in the culture medium.
The using amount of the culture medium in the step 2) is 0.5-2 cubic centimeters of culture medium for each predatory coprophila larva.
In the technical scheme, the specific conditions for feeding the predatory dirty flies are as follows: feeding the seeds under the conditions of 23-27 ℃ and 65-75% relative humidity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: it was innovatively found that predatory larvae of codling flies could be fed by chironomid larvae (chironomid larvae as a replacement prey for larvae of codling flies). The biological parameters of the larvae of the leptinotarsa meretrix fed by the method are not greatly different from those of larvae of the leptinotarsa meretrix fed by using natural prey muscae volitantes internationally, the using amount of chironomidae is small, but the survival rate of the larvae is improved by 33.5-64.5% compared with that of the larvae of the leptinotarsa meretrix fed by using other foreign substitute prey, and the larvae of the leptinotarsa meretrix fed by the method do not harm target crops when replacing prey muscae in the application technology of a storage substrate (banker media). Chironomus larvas have strong hypoxia resistance and can be successfully applied to the banker media technology. The breeding method is simple, wide in raw material source, easy to purchase, low in investment and low in production cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application in industry.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
The culture medium used in the method adopts a culture medium disclosed in Chinese patent ZL 201510256478.5 (patent name: a method for indoor feeding of predatory foul fly larvae), namely, the culture medium is prepared by adding water into one or more of coconut chaff, peat, turf, vermiculite, mushroom residue or wood dust in any proportion, and then adding water, wherein the added water is based on no flowing water in the culture medium. In the embodiment of the invention, for the convenience of comparing experimental results, coconut coir is used as the culture medium, but the culture medium is not limited to be only coconut coir, and the culture medium disclosed in the Chinese patent ZL 201510256478.5 can achieve similar effects and can efficiently culture predatory coprophila larvae.
Example 1 method of rearing predatory foul fly larvae Using alternative preys
Firstly, preparing culture medium
The culture medium disclosed in Chinese patent ZL 201510256478.5 (patent name: a method for indoor feeding of predatory coprophila larvae) is added with water into coconut coir, and the amount of the added water is based on no flowing water in the culture medium.
Secondly, the predatory dirty fly larvae are placed in a culture medium
Collecting predatory dirty fly eggs on wet filter paper in a culture dish, after larvae are hatched, transferring the larvae into holes of a 24-hole cell culture plate by using a writing brush, adding a wet coconut husk culture medium into the holes according to the culture medium occupied by each predatory dirty fly larva of 0.5-2 cubic centimeters (the using amount of the culture medium is also referred to the using amount of the culture medium in Chinese patent ZL 201510256478.5).
Thirdly, feeding predatory foul fly larvae
The method comprises the steps of putting substitute prey of predatory foul fly larvae on a culture medium in a cell culture plate every day, covering the prey after feeding, putting the prey into an artificial climate box for culture, feeding the prey in the conditions of 23-27 ℃, 65-75% of relative humidity and 14-16: 8-10 of light-dark ratio until pupation and eclosion occur, and enabling the predatory foul flies obtained after the eclosion to be used for field pest biological control. The cover of the culture plate is opened when feeding every day, and the cover is covered after the substitute prey is put into the artificial climate box.
According to the method, chironomus larvae (chironomus luteus is specifically selected in the embodiment) are selected instead of prey, and the predatory dirty flies are bred by grouping and comparing the thin dirty flies. A total of 6 experimental groups are arranged, the culture medium occupied by each leptosphaeria larvae in each experimental group is specifically 1 cubic centimeter, and the number of the substituted prey fed by each experimental group is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 feeding methods of six experimental groups
Example 2 feeding effect experiment of the feeding method of the present invention
The 6 experimental groups of example 1, each of which had 100 larvae of Cloderma gracilis, were bred by the method of example 1 until pupation and eclosion. The statistics of the experimental results for the different experimental groups are shown in tables 2, 3 and 4.
TABLE 2 development history, pupal stage and sex ratio of leptin fly larvae obtained by different breeding methods
TABLE 3. emaciation and filthy fly pupa growth and adult body length (Mean + -SE) obtained by different breeding methods
TABLE 4 survival rate, pupation rate and imago emergence rate of the Lepidoptera larvae obtained by different breeding methods for 3 days before
As can be seen from the results in tables 2, 3 and 4, the same number of adult Clodera gracilis was obtained, and the number of alternative preys used for rearing Clodera gracilis by the rearing method of the present invention was smaller than that of internationally used natural prey muscae larvae and alternative preys. The biological parameters of the larvae of the Cloderma gracilis bred by the breeding methods of the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, the experimental group 3, the experimental group 4, the experimental group 5 and the experimental group 6 are not greatly different from those of the larvae of the Cloderma gracilis bred by applying the natural prey muscae larvae internationally, but the survival rate of the larvae is improved by 33.5-64.5 percent compared with that of the larvae of the Clodermata gracilis bred by applying the prey abroad, and the target crops are not damaged by replacing the Chironomus gracilis in the application technology of the storage substrate (banker media). The experimental group 5 has the best feeding effect, the biological parameters of the larvae obtained by the feeding method of the experimental group 5 are similar to those of the larvae of the lean dirty flies which are fed by using the natural prey muscae volitantes internationally, but the survival rate of the larvae is improved by 64.5 percent compared with that of the larvae of the lean dirty flies which are fed by using foreign alternative preys.
Example 3 Pest control
The method of example 1 is applied to the release application technology of 'storage substrate (banker media)' to prevent and control pests of greenhouse whiteflies and spotted fly species, and the specific method is as follows:
the culture medium (storage medium) containing chironomid larvae of example 1 is put into a greenhouse, meanwhile, the weak and thin adult flies are put into the greenhouse, the weak and thin adult flies can prey on whitefly adults and liriomyza sativae adults, and can lay eggs in the culture medium, and the larvae can finish development in the culture medium by eating the chironomid larvae, so that the weak and thin adult flies can be ensured to well finish life history, and natural preys harmful to crops are not carried into the greenhouse. The culture medium is replaced regularly, chironomid larvae are added, and the emergence of the thin and weak dirty fly imagoes can play a continuous role in preventing and controlling whitefly pests and banbury fly pests in a greenhouse.
Larvae of other chironomids such as Chironomid sinensis, Chironomid anthelmintica laevigata or Chironomia sagittifolia can be used for feeding the larvae of the thin and weak filthy flies efficiently to obtain adults, and larvae of the chironomid sinensis can be used for feeding other types of predatory filthy flies to obtain high larva survival rate and pupation rate.
Claims (4)
1. A method for feeding predatory coprophilous flies by using substitute prey is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a culture substrate;
2) placing predatory foul fly larvae in a culture medium;
3) feeding predatory dirty flies: putting the replacement chironomus larvas of the predatory filthy fly larvae on a culture medium every day for feeding, and feeding 1-5 chironomus larvas of 1-4 years old for each head of predatory filthy fly larvae every day until pupation;
the predatory dirty flies are weak dirty flies;
the chironomus is one or more of chironomus moubata, chironomus sinensis, chironomus spicatus or chironomus sagittatus.
2. The method of feeding predatory coprophila flies using a prey as claimed in claim 1 wherein the culture medium is made of one or more of coir, peat, vermiculite, mushroom residue or wood chips, mixed in any proportion, and added with water, the amount of water added being based on no flowing water in the culture medium.
3. The method for rearing predatory coprophila flies using a replacement prey according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium used in step 2) is 0.5 to 2 cubic centimeters per head of predatory coprophila fly larvae.
4. The method for feeding the predatory coenosis flies with the substitute prey according to claim 1, wherein the feeding of the predatory coenosis flies is performed under the following conditions: feeding the seeds under the conditions of 23-27 ℃ and 65-75% relative humidity.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104798734A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-07-29 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Culture medium and method for feeding predatory coenosia larvae indoors |
| CN109041974A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-21 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | A kind of release application method of the dirty flies adult of predatory natural enemy insect |
| CN109168803A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-11 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | A kind of root guard layer improving dirty flies natural enemy insect preventive effect |
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- 2019-12-02 CN CN201911213135.5A patent/CN110710497B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104798734A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-07-29 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Culture medium and method for feeding predatory coenosia larvae indoors |
| CN109041974A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-21 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | A kind of release application method of the dirty flies adult of predatory natural enemy insect |
| CN109168803A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-11 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | A kind of root guard layer improving dirty flies natural enemy insect preventive effect |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| " Biology and Feeding Requirements of Larval Hunter Flies Coenosia attenuata (Diptera: Muscidae) Reared on Larvae of the Fungus Gnat Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae)";Todd A. 等;《Journal of Economic Entomology 》;20100831;第103卷(第4期);第1149-1158页 * |
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