CN110708127B - Parallel amplitude and phase calibration method and system for phased array antenna - Google Patents

Parallel amplitude and phase calibration method and system for phased array antenna Download PDF

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CN110708127B
CN110708127B CN201910888305.3A CN201910888305A CN110708127B CN 110708127 B CN110708127 B CN 110708127B CN 201910888305 A CN201910888305 A CN 201910888305A CN 110708127 B CN110708127 B CN 110708127B
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phase
antenna
phased array
modulation
amplitude
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曹岸杰
贺冲
陈靖峰
范凯
曲耀斌
张国强
成飞
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements

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Abstract

The invention provides a parallel amplitude and phase calibration method and a system of a phased array antenna, comprising the following steps: a calibration signal setting step: setting a single-frequency calibration signal to be incident on the phased array antenna or be transmitted out through the phased array antenna; initial state setting: selecting a plurality of antenna units on a phased array antenna, and setting a phase shifter of each selected antenna unit to be in an initial state; a modulation step: performing periodic phase modulation on the phase shifter of each selected antenna unit; and (3) an analysis step: the harmonic characteristics of the received single frequency calibration signal are analyzed to calibrate the amplitude and phase of the corresponding antenna element. The invention can simultaneously carry out the calibration on a plurality of units of the phased array antenna (the number of the units for simultaneous calibration is not limited), and the amplitude and the phase on each unit channel are calculated by carrying out harmonic characteristic analysis on the received calibration signal.

Description

Parallel amplitude and phase calibration method and system for phased array antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a parallel amplitude and phase calibration method and a parallel amplitude and phase calibration system for a phased array antenna.
Background
The active phased array antenna is composed of a plurality of units, and each unit comprises a plurality of circuit units such as an antenna unit, a transceiving switch, a low noise amplifier, a power amplifier, a phase shifter, a variable gain amplifier and the like. The amplitude and phase of each unit of the phased array antenna can be changed under the influence of various factors such as power supply, working environment and aging of components, so that the active phased array antenna needs to be calibrated regularly or irregularly when being used.
At present, the mainstream amplitude and phase calibration methods for active phased array antennas are compared with the phased array antenna rapid calibration method, which is known by royal chamomile and the like, and include a near field method, an internal monitoring method, a middle field calibration method, a rotation vector method, a phase change method and the like. Among them, the near-field method requires very complicated electromagnetic field measurement equipment, and is generally suitable for calibration inside a laboratory; the internal monitoring method requires additional hardware cost; the midfield calibration method needs the position of the transmitting and receiving antenna in the midfield interval, and is not suitable for the calibration of middle and long distances; the rotation vector method can only calibrate one unit at a time, and needs to traverse the state of each phase shifter, so that the calibration time is longer; the commutation rule has the problem of unstable inversion of the commutation matrix, and the algorithm complexity is higher; the four-phase amplitude calibration method proposed by the article has higher requirements on the phase shifting digit and the shifting precision of the phased array antenna.
In summary, the existing amplitude and phase calibration method for the active phased array antenna is only suitable for laboratory or close-range measurement, or has the problems of low calibration efficiency, complex algorithm, high hardware dependence and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a parallel amplitude and phase calibration method and a parallel amplitude and phase calibration system for a phased array antenna.
The parallel amplitude and phase calibration method of the phased array antenna provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
a calibration signal setting step: setting a single-frequency calibration signal to be incident on the phased array antenna or be transmitted out through the phased array antenna;
initial state setting: selecting a plurality of antenna units on a phased array antenna, and setting a phase shifter of each selected antenna unit to be in an initial state;
a modulation step: performing periodic phase modulation on the phase shifter of each selected antenna unit;
and (3) an analysis step: the harmonic characteristics of the received single frequency calibration signal are analyzed to calibrate the amplitude and phase of the corresponding antenna element.
Preferably, the phase shift of the phase shifter is set to an initial value of 0 ° during the first half of each modulation period, and to a phase reversal value of 180 ° during the second half of each modulation period.
Preferably, the period of the modulation satisfies the exponential relationship:
Tpm＝Tp/2m-1
wherein, TpmFor modulation period T of the m-th antenna elementpM is 1,2, M is the number of selected antenna elements.
Preferably, the modulation frequency of the M selected antenna elements is Fpm＝1/Tpm＝2m-1Fp
Wherein, FpmIs the modulation frequency of the mth antenna element.
Preferably, the fourier coefficient Γ of the harmonic component corresponding to the mth antenna elementmCalculating amplitude A of corresponding antenna elementmAnd phase
Figure BDA0002207978420000021
Am＝|Γm/Γ1|,m＝2,3,...,M
Γ1Is a reference antenna element;
Figure BDA0002207978420000022
k is the frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency FcD is the pitch of the antenna elements, and (m-1) KDsin θ is the spatial phase difference produced by the mth antenna element with respect to the reference element.
The invention provides a parallel amplitude and phase calibration system of a phased array antenna, which comprises:
calibration signal sets up the module: setting a single-frequency calibration signal to be incident on the phased array antenna or be transmitted out through the phased array antenna;
an initial state setting module: selecting a plurality of antenna units on a phased array antenna, and setting a phase shifter of each selected antenna unit to be in an initial state;
a modulation module: performing periodic phase modulation on the phase shifter of each selected antenna unit;
an analysis module: the harmonic characteristics of the received single frequency calibration signal are analyzed to calibrate the amplitude and phase of the corresponding antenna element.
Preferably, the phase shift of the phase shifter is set to an initial value of 0 ° during the first half of each modulation period, and to a phase reversal value of 180 ° during the second half of each modulation period.
Preferably, the period of the modulation satisfies the exponential relationship:
Tpm＝Tp/2m-1
wherein, TpmFor modulation period T of the m-th antenna elementpM is 1,2, M is the number of selected antenna elements.
Preferably, the modulation frequency of the M selected antenna elements is Fpm＝1/Tpm＝2m-1Fp
Wherein, FpmIs the modulation frequency of the mth antenna element.
Preferably, the fourier coefficient Γ of the harmonic component corresponding to the mth antenna elementmCalculating amplitude A of corresponding antenna elementmAnd phase
Figure BDA0002207978420000031
Am＝|Γm/Γ1|,m＝2,3,...,M
Γ1Is a reference antenna element;
Figure BDA0002207978420000032
k is the frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency FcD is the pitch of the antenna elements, and (m-1) KDsin θ is the spatial phase difference produced by the mth antenna element with respect to the reference element.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can simultaneously carry out the calibration on a plurality of units of the phased array antenna (the number of the units for simultaneous calibration is not limited), and the amplitude and the phase on each unit channel are calculated by carrying out harmonic characteristic analysis on the received calibration signal.
Compared with the existing calibration methods such as a near field method, an internal monitoring method, a midfield calibration method, a rotation vector method, a phase commutation method and the like, the phased array antenna calibration method provided by the invention has the characteristics of high parallelism, short calibration time, low algorithm complexity, no dependence on special calibration hardware and the like, and is particularly suitable for remote or online calibration of large active phased array antennas.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a parallel amplitude-phase calibration method of a phased array antenna in a receiving state according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the phase modulation characteristics loaded on four modulated phase shifters;
FIG. 3 is a harmonic profile of a calibration signal received in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the calibration result of amplitude inconsistency of eight unit channels in the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the phase inconsistency calibration results of the eight unit channels in the example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The parallel amplitude and phase calibration method of the phased array antenna provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
a calibration signal setting step: setting a single-frequency calibration signal to be incident on the phased array antenna or be transmitted out through the phased array antenna;
initial state setting: selecting a plurality of antenna units on a phased array antenna, and setting a phase shifter of each selected antenna unit to be in an initial state;
a modulation step: performing periodic phase modulation on the phase shifter of each selected antenna unit;
and (3) an analysis step: the harmonic characteristics of the received single frequency calibration signal are analyzed to calibrate the amplitude and phase of the corresponding antenna element.
As shown in fig. 1, the phased array antenna receives a single frequency calibration signal as an example.
Setting a carrier frequency to FcThe single-frequency calibration signal of (2) is incident on the N antenna elements 1 of the active phased array antenna from the θ direction, and M antenna elements (for example, from element 1 to element M) are selected and subjected to amplitude-phase calibration at the same time.
The antenna unit 1 receives a far-field calibration signal, and the far-field calibration signal enters the power division network 5 after passing through the low noise amplifier 2, the phase shifter 3 and the variable attenuator 4. The combined signal is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter 7 after passing through a down converter 6. The obtained digital signal is subjected to spectrum estimation in the signal processing module 8, and the amplitude and phase on each unit channel are calculated from the result of the spectrum estimation. In the process, the phase shifters 3 on the first M units are periodically phase-modulated by the signal processing module 8.
Firstly, the phase shifters 3 on each unit are set to be in an initial state by the signal processing module 8, and after calibration is started, the signal processing module 8 performs periodic phase modulation on the phase shifters on M units. Setting the phase shift amount of the phase shifter 3 to an initial value (0 °) in the first half of the modulation period; in the latter half of the modulation period, the phase shift amount of the phase shifter 3 is set to the inverse value (180 °). And, the modulation period of the phase shifter 3 in M units is TpmM is 1,2, …, M, and satisfies the following relationship:
Tpm＝Tp/2m-1 (1)
i.e. the modulation period of the periodic phase modulation over M elements satisfies an exponential relationship. For illustrative purposes, the phase modulation characteristics over the first four elements are plotted in FIG. 2. Where an ordinate of 1 represents the current initial value (0 deg.) of the unit and an ordinate of-1 represents the inverse value (180 deg.) of the unit. Setting the complex gain g on N element channels of a phased array antennanN is 1,2, the modulation frequency on the N, M modulation unit channels is FpmM is 1, 2.. times.m, and satisfies the following relationship:
Fpm＝1/Tpm＝2m-1Fp (2)
due to the periodic modulation of the phase shifter 3 by the signal processing module 8, the carrier frequency is FcAfter passing through the phase shifter, the energy of the single-frequency calibration signal is distributed to the fundamental wave and each harmonic, wherein the interval of the harmonic on the spectrum axis is equal to the modulation frequency. For N-M units not participating in modulation, no harmonic component is generated after passing through the phase shifter; for M units participating in periodic phase modulation, after passing through a phase shifter, the frequencies of first harmonic components generated on each unit are respectively as follows:
F1，m＝Fc+2m-1Fp (3)
for each unit participating in the periodic phase modulation, after passing through the phase shifter 3, the + -1, + -3., + -2 k-1 harmonic components are generated, while the even harmonic components are absent. The frequency point is F due to the multiple relation of the modulation frequency on each unitc+FpMay only be generated on the first cell, with a frequency Fc+2FpMay only be generated at the second cell. By the same theory, the frequency point is Fc+2m-1FpThe harmonic components of (a) may only be generated at the m-th cell. Because the amplitude phase of each unit of the phased array antenna is unbalanced, after passing through the combiner, the unbalanced amplitude phase characteristic can be reflected in the amplitude and phase of each harmonic component, namely, the frequency of the signal after combining is Fc+2m-1FpWhose amplitude and phase depend on the complex gain g of the mth unit channelm。
According to the above analysis, the signal output from the combiner 5 passes through the down converter 6, and is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter 7. In the digital domain, the signal processing module is tuned to a frequency Fc-FLO+2m-1Fp，m＝1，2，...，M(FLOFrequency of local oscillator in down converter) to obtain Fourier coefficient of M harmonic components of gammamM. 1,2, m. a first unit is set as a reference unit, which is represented by ΓmThe amplitude on each cell channel relative to the reference cell is calculated as:
Am＝|Γm/Γ1|，m＝2，3，...，M (4)
formed by gammamThe phase on each cell channel relative to the reference cell is calculated as:
Figure BDA0002207978420000051
where K is the frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency FcD is the pitch of the antenna elements, and (m-1) KDsin θ is the spatial phase difference generated by the mth element relative to the reference element, which needs to be compensated. Solving for AmAnd
Figure BDA0002207978420000052
thereafter, the parallel amplitude-phase calibration on the M units is completed so far.
The parallel amplitude and phase calibration process of the transmitting unit of the phased array antenna is similar to the parallel amplitude and phase calibration of the receiving channel described above, and the description is not repeated.
On the basis of the parallel amplitude and phase calibration method of the phased array antenna, the invention also provides a parallel amplitude and phase calibration system of the phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps:
calibration signal sets up the module: setting a single-frequency calibration signal to be incident on the phased array antenna or be transmitted out through the phased array antenna;
an initial state setting module: selecting a plurality of antenna units on a phased array antenna, and setting a phase shifter of each selected antenna unit to be in an initial state;
a modulation module: performing periodic phase modulation on the phase shifter of each selected antenna unit;
an analysis module: the harmonic characteristics of the received single frequency calibration signal are analyzed to calibrate the amplitude and phase of the corresponding antenna element.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (6)

1. A parallel amplitude and phase calibration method for a phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a calibration signal setting step: setting a single-frequency calibration signal to be incident on a phased array antenna;
initial state setting: selecting a plurality of antenna units on a phased array antenna, and setting a phase shifter of each selected antenna unit to be in an initial state;
a modulation step: performing periodic phase modulation on the phase shifter of each selected antenna unit;
and (3) an analysis step: analyzing the harmonic characteristics of the received single-frequency calibration signal to calibrate the amplitude and the phase of the corresponding antenna unit; fourier coefficient Γ of harmonic component corresponding to mth antenna elementmCalculating amplitude A of corresponding antenna elementmAnd phase
Figure FDA0003156150850000011
Am＝|Γm/Γ1|,m＝2,3,...,M；
Γ1Fourier coefficients of harmonic components corresponding to the reference antenna elements;
Figure FDA0003156150850000012
m is the number of the selected antenna units;
k is the frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency FcWave number of, carrier frequency FcCorresponding wave number equal to 2 pi FcC, wherein c is the speed of light; d is the distance of the antenna units, and (m-1) KDsin theta is the spatial phase difference generated by the mth antenna unit relative to the reference antenna unit;
the period of modulation satisfies the exponential relationship:
Tpm＝Tp/2m-1
wherein, TpmIs the modulation period of the mth antenna element, M is 1, 2.
2. The method of parallel amplitude and phase calibration for a phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the phase shift of the phase shifter is set to an initial value of 0 ° during the first half of each modulation period, and to a phase reversal value of 180 ° during the second half of each modulation period.
3. Parallel amplitude and phase calibration method for phased array antennas according to claim 2Method, characterized in that the modulation frequency of the M selected antenna elements is Fpm＝1/Tpm＝2m-1FpWherein F ispmThe modulation frequency of the mth antenna element.
4. A parallel amplitude and phase calibration system for a phased array antenna, comprising:
calibration signal sets up the module: setting a single-frequency calibration signal to be incident on a phased array antenna;
an initial state setting module: selecting a plurality of antenna units on a phased array antenna, and setting a phase shifter of each selected antenna unit to be in an initial state;
a modulation module: performing periodic phase modulation on the phase shifter of each selected antenna unit;
an analysis module: analyzing the harmonic characteristics of the received single-frequency calibration signal to calibrate the amplitude and the phase of the corresponding antenna unit;
fourier coefficient Γ of harmonic component corresponding to mth antenna elementmCalculating amplitude A of corresponding antenna elementmAnd phase
Figure FDA0003156150850000021
Am＝|Γm/Γ1L, M ═ 2, 3,. ·, M; m is the number of the selected antenna units;
Γ1fourier coefficients of harmonic components corresponding to the reference antenna elements;
Figure FDA0003156150850000022
k is the frequency corresponding to the carrier frequency FcWave number of, carrier frequency FcCorresponding wave number equal to 2 pi FcC, wherein c is the speed of light; d is the distance of the antenna units, and (m-1) KDsin theta is the spatial phase difference generated by the mth antenna unit relative to the reference antenna unit;
the period of modulation satisfies the exponential relationship:
Tpm＝Tp/2m-1
wherein, TPmIs the modulation period of the mth antenna element, M is 1, 2.
5. The parallel amplitude and phase calibration system for a phased array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the phase shift of the phase shifter is set to an initial value of 0 ° during the first half of each modulation period and to a phase reversal value of 180 ° during the second half of each modulation period.
6. The parallel amplitude and phase calibration system for a phased array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the M selected antenna elements have a modulation frequency of FPm＝1/TPm＝2m-1Fp
Wherein, FpmThe modulation frequency of the mth antenna element.
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