CN110707724A - Power distribution network reactive support capability assessment method - Google Patents

Power distribution network reactive support capability assessment method Download PDF

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CN110707724A
CN110707724A CN201911177637.7A CN201911177637A CN110707724A CN 110707724 A CN110707724 A CN 110707724A CN 201911177637 A CN201911177637 A CN 201911177637A CN 110707724 A CN110707724 A CN 110707724A
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李辰龙
梅睿
袁超
刘亚南
储海军
杨春
喻建
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Jiangsu Fangtian Power Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

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Abstract

A method for evaluating the reactive power supporting capability of a power distribution network is used for evaluating the reactive power regulation capacity of the power distribution network containing a large number of distributed photovoltaic devices, which can provide for a superior power grid, and the evaluation method is divided into two stages according to the running state of a photovoltaic inverter: in the phase 1, the photovoltaic inverter works in the maximum active output state, and when the distribution network provides reactive power regulation service, the active power of the distribution network is changed due to the change of the network loss. In the stage 2, the photovoltaic inverter works in an active reduction state, and when the power distribution network provides reactive power regulation service, factors influencing active change comprise network loss and photovoltaic active reduction. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the change of active power can be considered when the reactive power regulation potential provided by the power distribution network is evaluated, and the method can be used for effectively reducing the power grid dispatching cost and the power grid operation risk along with the massive access of distributed photovoltaic in the power distribution network.

Description

Power distribution network reactive support capability assessment method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power grid optimized dispatching, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating reactive power supporting capability of a power distribution network.
Background
The large access of the distributed photovoltaic changes the form and the operation mode of the power distribution network, and enhances the coupling relation between the power transmission and distribution networks. From the perspective of the superior power grid, the distribution network has certain "elasticity", that is, the distribution network can provide certain power support when the transmission network needs. The distributed photovoltaic system generally operates in the maximum active output state, the provided active regulation capacity is very small, but the distributed photovoltaic system is mostly connected to a power grid through an inverter and has bidirectional reactive regulation capacity. The reactive power regulation capability of the distributed photovoltaic is efficiently utilized, so that the aims of voltage control of the power distribution network, minimization of network loss of the power distribution network and the like can be achieved, reactive power support of a superior power grid can be achieved, and the voltage stability margin of the power grid is improved.
Few studies at present relate to a method for evaluating a power distribution network to provide reactive power regulation potential for a superior power grid, and in few studies for analyzing the regulation capacity of the power distribution network, the topological structure and network operation constraints of the power distribution network are ignored. With the rapid development of distributed photovoltaic access quantity in a power distribution network, the reactive power regulation capacity of the power distribution network should be accurately evaluated and utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for evaluating the reactive power supporting capability of the power distribution network, and the method can evaluate the reactive power regulation capacity of the power distribution network containing a large number of distributed photovoltaic cells, which can be provided for a superior power grid, so as to provide a scheduling reference for the superior power grid and reduce the operation risk of the power grid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating the reactive support capability of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is used for evaluating the reactive power regulation capacity of the power distribution network containing a large number of distributed photovoltaic networks, which can be provided for a superior power grid; because the active power can be changed when the reactive power of the power distribution network is changed, the restriction of the upper-level power grid on the active power variation of the power distribution network can limit the reactive power regulation capacity provided by the power distribution network; according to the operating state of the photovoltaic inverter, the evaluation method is divided into two phases: in the stage 1, the photovoltaic inverter works in a maximum active output state; in the stage 2, the photovoltaic inverter works in an active reduction state; the relation between the reactive power regulation capacity and the active power variation of the power distribution network is obtained through two-stage calculation, so that a reference basis is provided for the optimal scheduling decision of a superior power grid.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
further, in the stage 1, when the distribution network provides the reactive power regulation service, the change of the network loss changes the active power of the distribution network, and since the change of the network loss is small, the change of the active power with the reactive power is approximately represented by a single-step linearization method in the stage.
Further, in the stage 1, the change of the active power with the reactive power is approximately represented by a single-step linearization method, and the calculation model is represented as follows:
Figure BDA0002288485110000021
the constraint conditions comprise active constraint, reactive constraint, voltage constraint, power flow constraint, distributed photovoltaic reactive power and active power constraint of the power distribution network:
Figure BDA0002288485110000023
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002288485110000024
the maximum value of inductive reactive power can be provided for the power distribution network to the superior power grid on the basis of the initial state;
Figure BDA0002288485110000025
for distribution network at the beginningThe maximum value of capacitive reactive power can be provided for the superior power grid on the basis of the state;
Figure BDA0002288485110000026
are respectively as
Figure BDA0002288485110000027
The active demand increment of the corresponding power distribution network; qD0、PD0Respectively obtaining initial reactive power and active power of the power distribution network from a superior power grid; qDFor the perceptual reactive demand at the root node of the distribution network, PDIs and QDThe corresponding active power demand at the distribution bus; fqRepresenting the power flow relation of the power distribution network;
Figure BDA0002288485110000028
the linear relation coefficient of active power and reactive power under the maximum power state; pDGi、QDGiRespectively outputting active power and reactive power for a power supply at a node i; pLi、QLiRespectively load active power and reactive power at a node i; gij、BijRespectively the conductance and susceptance matrix elements of the network; viAnd VjThe voltages at node i and node j, respectively; deltaijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j; omega represents a distribution network node set;
Figure BDA0002288485110000029
respectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage of the node i;
Figure BDA00022884851100000210
representing the maximum value of the output reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter at the node i;
Figure BDA00022884851100000211
the maximum photovoltaic active output value at the node i represents that the photovoltaic works in the maximum active output state; sDGiRepresenting the capacity of the photovoltaic inverter.
Further, in the stage 2, when the reactive power of the distribution network obtained from the upper-level power grid changes, the factors influencing the active power change include the grid loss and the photovoltaic active power reduction amount, and since the active power changes greatly with the reactive power, the active power changes with the reactive power approximately in the stage by adopting a multi-step linearization method.
Further, in the stage 2, the change of the active power with the reactive power is approximately represented by a multi-step linearization method, and the calculation model is represented as follows:
Figure BDA0002288485110000031
the constraint conditions include:
Figure BDA0002288485110000032
in the formula, delta Q is the reactive power change step length in the active power reduction stage;
Figure BDA0002288485110000033
the reactive power of a root node of the power distribution network in the nth step is obtained;
Figure BDA0002288485110000034
is and
Figure BDA0002288485110000035
active power demand at the corresponding distribution bus; delta PnThe active power of the power distribution network in the nth step; fpIs a power flow relation function of the power distribution network; k is a radical ofnThe coefficient of the linear relation of the active and reactive change functions of the distribution network in the nth step is obtained; pDGi、QDGiRespectively outputting active power and reactive power for a power supply at a node i; pLi、QLiRespectively load active power and reactive power at a node i; gij、BijRespectively the conductance and susceptance matrix elements of the network; viAnd VjThe voltages at node i and node j, respectively; deltaijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j; omega represents a distribution network node set;
Figure BDA0002288485110000036
respectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage of the node i;
Figure BDA0002288485110000037
representing the maximum value of the output reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter at the node i;
Figure BDA0002288485110000038
the maximum photovoltaic active output value at the node i represents that the photovoltaic works in the maximum active output state; sDGiRepresenting the capacity of the photovoltaic inverter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for evaluating the reactive power regulation capacity of the power distribution network can take the network operation constraint of the power distribution network into consideration, and meanwhile, the active power change caused by the reactive power support service provided by the power distribution network is also taken into consideration in an analysis model, so that the method has important reference significance for the higher-level power distribution network to implement reactive power scheduling by utilizing the lower-level power distribution network so as to reduce the operation risk.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reactive support capability evaluation method of a power distribution network.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a result of analyzing reactive power regulation capability of the power distribution network.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for evaluating the reactive power supporting capability of a power distribution network can evaluate the reactive power regulation capacity of the power distribution network containing a large number of distributed photovoltaic cells, which can be provided for a superior power grid. Because the network loss of the distribution network can be increased due to the flow of reactive power in the network, when the distribution network runs in a state of minimum network loss, if a higher-level network needs to be provided with reactive support, the network loss of the distribution network can be increased, namely, the active power required to be obtained from the transmission network is increased. In addition, because the capacity of the photovoltaic inverter is limited, when the problem of the reactive power demand of the upper-level power grid is serious, the remaining reactive margin of the photovoltaic working in the maximum active output state hardly meets the reactive power demand of the system, so that some photovoltaics need to be subjected to active reduction to release more reactive power capacity, at this time, when the reactive power of the power distribution network obtained from the upper-level power grid changes, factors influencing the active change include the grid loss and the active reduction of the photovoltaics, as shown in fig. 1.
Therefore, the evaluation method is divided into two phases depending on the operating state of the photovoltaic inverter: in the stage 1, the photovoltaic inverter works in a maximum active output state; in phase 2, the photovoltaic inverter operates in an active reduction state.
In the stage 1, when the distribution network provides reactive power regulation service, the change of the network loss can change the active power of the distribution network, and because the change of the network loss is small, the change of the active power with the reactive power is approximately represented by adopting a single-step linearization method in the stage. As shown in fig. 2, the calculation model can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002288485110000041
Figure BDA0002288485110000042
the constraint conditions comprise active constraint, reactive constraint, voltage constraint, power flow constraint, distributed photovoltaic reactive power and active power constraint of the power distribution network.
Figure BDA0002288485110000043
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00022884851100000410
the maximum value of inductive reactive power can be provided for the power distribution network to the superior power grid on the basis of the initial state;
Figure BDA0002288485110000044
the maximum value of capacitive reactive power can be provided for the power distribution network in the initial state for the superior power grid;
Figure BDA0002288485110000048
are respectively as
Figure BDA0002288485110000049
The active demand increment of the corresponding power distribution network; qD0、PD0Respectively obtaining initial reactive power and active power of the power distribution network from a superior power grid; qDFor the perceptual reactive demand at the root node of the distribution network, PDIs and QDThe corresponding active power demand at the distribution bus; fqRepresenting the power flow relation of the power distribution network;
Figure BDA0002288485110000047
the linear relation coefficient of active power and reactive power under the maximum power state; pDGi、QDGiRespectively outputting active power and reactive power for a power supply at a node i; pLi、QLiRespectively load active power and reactive power at a node i; gij、BijRespectively the conductance and susceptance matrix elements of the network; viAnd VjThe voltages at node i and node j, respectively; deltaijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j; omega represents a distribution network node set;
Figure BDA0002288485110000051
respectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage of the node i;
Figure BDA0002288485110000052
representing the maximum value of the output reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter at the node i;the maximum photovoltaic active output value at the node i represents that the photovoltaic works in the maximum active output state; sDGiRepresenting the capacity of the photovoltaic inverter.
In the stage 2, when the reactive power of the distribution network obtained from the higher-level power grid changes, the factors influencing the active power change include the network loss and the photovoltaic active power reduction amount, and since the active power changes greatly with the reactive power, the active power changes with the reactive power approximately in the stage by adopting a multi-step linearization method, as shown in fig. 2. Its computational model can be expressed as:
the constraints are similar to those in phase 1, except that the active constraints of the photovoltaic are varied. The photovoltaic is actively curtailed to release more reactive capacity when necessary, i.e.:
Figure BDA0002288485110000055
in the formula, delta Q is the reactive power change step length in the active power reduction stage;the reactive power of a root node of the power distribution network in the nth step is obtained;
Figure BDA0002288485110000057
is and
Figure BDA0002288485110000058
active power demand at the corresponding distribution bus; delta PnThe active power of the power distribution network in the nth step; fpIs a power flow relation function of the power distribution network; k is a radical ofnAnd (4) obtaining a linear relation coefficient of the active and reactive change functions of the distribution network in the nth step.
It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not limited by the technical contents of the essential changes.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for evaluating the reactive support capability of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method evaluates the reactive power regulation capacity of a power distribution network containing a plurality of distributed photovoltaic devices, which can be provided for a superior power grid, and according to the running state of a photovoltaic inverter, the evaluation method is divided into two stages: in the stage 1, the photovoltaic inverter works in a maximum active output state; in the stage 2, the photovoltaic inverter works in an active reduction state; the relation between the reactive power regulation capacity and the active power variation of the power distribution network is obtained through two-stage calculation, so that a reference basis is provided for the optimal scheduling decision of a superior power grid.
2. The method for evaluating the reactive support capability of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the stage 1, when the distribution network provides the reactive power regulation service, the change of the network loss can change the active power of the distribution network, and because the change of the network loss is small, the change of the active power along with the reactive power is approximately represented by adopting a single-step linearization method in the stage.
3. The method for evaluating the reactive support capability of the power distribution network according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the stage 1, the change of the active power along with the reactive power is approximately represented by a single-step linearization method, and a calculation model is represented as follows:
Figure FDA0002288485100000011
the constraint conditions comprise active constraint, reactive constraint, voltage constraint, power flow constraint, distributed photovoltaic reactive power and active power constraint of the power distribution network:
Figure FDA0002288485100000013
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,the maximum value of inductive reactive power can be provided for the power distribution network to the superior power grid on the basis of the initial state;
Figure FDA0002288485100000015
the maximum value of capacitive reactive power can be provided for the power distribution network in the initial state for the superior power grid;
Figure FDA0002288485100000016
are respectively as
Figure FDA0002288485100000017
The active demand increment of the corresponding power distribution network; qD0、PD0Respectively obtaining initial reactive power and active power of the power distribution network from a superior power grid; qDFor the perceptual reactive demand at the root node of the distribution network, PDIs and QDThe corresponding active power demand at the distribution bus; fqRepresenting the power flow relation of the power distribution network;
Figure FDA0002288485100000018
the linear relation coefficient of active power and reactive power under the maximum power state; pDGi、QDGiRespectively outputting active power and reactive power for a power supply at a node i; pLi、QLiRespectively load active power and reactive power at a node i; gij、BijRespectively the conductance and susceptance matrix elements of the network; viAnd VjThe voltages at node i and node j, respectively; deltaijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j; omega represents a distribution network node set; vi min、Vi maxRespectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage of the node i;
Figure FDA0002288485100000021
representing the maximum value of the output reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter at the node i;the maximum photovoltaic active output value at the node i represents that the photovoltaic works in the maximum active output state; sDGiRepresenting the capacity of the photovoltaic inverter.
4. The method for evaluating the reactive support capability of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the stage 2, when the reactive power of the power distribution network obtained from a superior power grid changes, the factors influencing the active power change include the grid loss and the photovoltaic active reduction, and since the active power changes greatly with the reactive power, the active power changes with the reactive power approximately in the stage by adopting a multi-step linearization method.
5. The method for evaluating the reactive support capability of the power distribution network according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the stage 2, the change of the active power along with the reactive power is approximately represented by a multi-step linearization method, and a calculation model of the method is represented as follows:
the constraint conditions include:
Figure FDA0002288485100000024
in the formula, delta Q is the reactive power change step length in the active power reduction stage;
Figure FDA0002288485100000025
the reactive power of a root node of the power distribution network in the nth step is obtained;
Figure FDA0002288485100000026
is and
Figure FDA0002288485100000027
active power demand at the corresponding distribution bus; delta PnThe active power of the power distribution network in the nth step; fpIs a power flow relation function of the power distribution network; k is a radical ofnThe coefficient of the linear relation of the active and reactive change functions of the distribution network in the nth step is obtained; pDGi、QDGiRespectively outputting active power and reactive power for a power supply at a node i; pLi、QLiRespectively load active power and reactive power at a node i; gij、BijRespectively the conductance and susceptance matrix elements of the network; viAnd VjThe voltages at node i and node j, respectively; deltaijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j; omega represents a distribution network node set; vi min、Vi maxRespectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage of the node i;
Figure FDA0002288485100000028
representing the maximum value of the output reactive power of the photovoltaic inverter at the node i;
Figure FDA0002288485100000029
the maximum photovoltaic active output value at the node i represents that the photovoltaic works in the maximum active output state; sDGiRepresenting the capacity of the photovoltaic inverter.
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