CN110706347A - Implementation method for creating 3D building model through wire frame diagram of building - Google Patents
Implementation method for creating 3D building model through wire frame diagram of building Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building, which comprises the following steps: (1) processing pictures; processing the scattered details in the picture or the distorted places in the picture; (2) identifying a wire frame; identifying a line frame of a line in the graph on the basis of the processed picture in the step (1); (3)3D geometry generation; generating a geometric figure body with the height of one floor on the basis of the wire frame data identified in the step (2); (4) generating a floor; generating a single-story structure 3D map of a building, including a floor, and replicating the story to other floors having the same structure; (5) building generation; and (5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) to construct the whole building. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the modeling speed is greatly improved, the modeling difficulty is greatly reduced, the method can be applied to non-3D professional technicians, the structure of the building is concerned, the 3D model creation in the aspect of building soft package is not concerned, and the method has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building 3D model construction, in particular to an implementation method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building.
Background
The three-dimensional representation form can show an object in an all-around manner, and has the advantage that a two-dimensional plane image is incomparable. Enterprises release products of the enterprises in an online three-dimensional form, can show the aspects of product appearance, demonstrate the functions and use operation of the products by interactive operation, and fully utilize the rapid and rapid propagation advantage of the Internet to show the products.
Using Web3D to implement a presentation on a network, a person may travel in a first perspective. Interaction can be generated between the scene and the controller, so that people can feel as if they are personally on the scene. The solution is provided for virtual exhibition halls and virtual roaming exhibition of buildings.
The prior art is all 3D modeling personnel, through the understanding to the entity building structure, utilize construction tools such as 3Dmax, the manual mode is through basic 3D most basic graphic element, the equipment design of an element is formed, wastes time and energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building, which greatly improves the modeling speed and greatly reduces the modeling difficulty and can be applied to non-3D technicians.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides an implementation method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building, comprising the following steps:
(1) processing pictures; processing the scattered details in the picture or the distorted places in the picture;
(2) identifying a wire frame; identifying a line frame of a line in the graph on the basis of the processed picture in the step (1);
(3)3D geometry generation; generating a geometric figure body with the height of one floor on the basis of the wire frame data identified in the step (2);
(4) generating a floor; generating a single-story structure 3D map of a building, including a floor, and replicating the story to other floors having the same structure;
(5) building generation; and (5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) to construct the whole building.
Preferably, in the step (1), the picture processing specifically includes the following steps:
(11) judging whether the picture is a gray scale picture or not, and if not, converting the picture into the gray scale picture;
(12) carrying out binarization on the picture to ensure that the whole image has obvious black and white effect; processing the picture into a background color black background in a binarization process, wherein the entity is white, namely 1 represents white and 0 represents black; during binarization, the parameters input by a user can be used as a threshold value, when the pixel value is greater than the threshold value, the set value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0;
(13) expanding the picture according to parameters input by a user, expanding a highlight part in the picture, wherein the effect picture has a highlight area larger than that of the original picture; performing expansion operation on the input image by using a specific structural element by using a partition () function in opencv, wherein the structural element determines the shape of a neighborhood in the expansion operation process;
(14) corroding the picture according to parameters input by a user, and deleting some pixels on the boundary of the object; taking a local minimum value in a small area of the original image, wherein one of the small areas is 0 and the pixel point is 0 because the small area is a binary image and only has 0 and 255;
(15) filtering the picture; with bilateral filtering, the filter consists of two functions: one function determines the filter coefficients from the geometric spatial distance and the other function determines the filter coefficients from the pixel difference; in the bilateral filter, the value of the output pixel depends on the weighted combination of the values of the neighborhood pixels;
(16) intercepting the picture, namely intercepting the area block selected by the user on the original picture according to the edge point set of the intercepted picture input by the user;
(17) and finishing the picture processing.
Preferably, in the step (12), a findcours () method of opencv is used to obtain a line contour in the picture; and when the contour is processed, filtering according to the acquired line length.
Preferably, in the step (13), the swelling is specifically: the expansion is to expand the line boundaries, and the expanded width is determined by the size of the structural elements, if there is a small gap between the objects that is smaller than the structural elements, the expansion can connect the originally separated lines;
the expansion process is as follows:
expanding, wherein X is an image to be processed, X is a binary image, and X is expanded by a structural element B;
① traversing each pixel point of image X with the origin of the structuring element B;
② when B traverses X, if X has a point black, then the point where X corresponds to the origin of point B is also black, otherwise it is white.
Preferably, in the step (14), the etching is specifically: performing corrosion operation on a specific structural element for the input image by adopting an enode () function in opencv, wherein the structural element determines the shape of a neighborhood in the corrosion operation process, and the pixel value of each point is replaced by a minimum value on the corresponding neighborhood;
example of image erosion: wherein X is an image to be processed, B is a structural element, and the origin is a point origin;
① traversing each pixel point of image X with the origin of the structuring element B;
② when B traverses X, if all points on B are in X, then the point is retained, otherwise it is removed;
therefore, the edge position in the original drawing can be changed into 0, and the purpose of slimming is achieved.
Preferably, in step (3), the 3D geometry generation specifically includes the following steps:
(31) obtaining a geometrical structure array returned by the rear end;
(32) analyzing the traversing maximum and minimum values of the current object array;
(33) obtaining the height of a single layer of the building, the length of the whole floor and data in the array input by a user, and calculating the proportion of the building to the actual building;
(34) creating a shape object, and forming a coherent line structure by the independent structure points one by one through coordinate values corresponding to the array structure points and MoveTo and LineTo methods;
(35) making entity judgment on the linear structure to generate an editable material attribute;
(36) adding the layer height attribute as the y-axis height of the geometric model into the current material attribute;
(37) re-assigning values, generating a corresponding mesh object, and returning the geometric model structure of the current mesh object;
(38) converting the geometric model structure into a geometric model structure with operability;
(39) adding the modified geometry to the overall structure by means of the merge method and repeating steps (32) - (39);
(311) redefining the material property of the geometric model;
(311) generating a concrete model object and adding the concrete model object into the current 3D engine;
(312) the geometry generation is finished.
Preferably, in the step (4), the floor generation specifically includes the following steps:
(41) retrieving floors, obtaining the number of the current operation floors, generating a floor GROUP object, and adding the floor GROUP object into a 3D engine;
(42) the floor structure can be manually adjusted, such as the scaling of length, width and height and the rotation of angles;
(43) some fixed self-defined 3D object component models can be manually added to the existing floor structure; custom special geometric models, typically.obj or.mtl files, are loaded into the 3D engine; selecting a component to be loaded, designating a placement position, and manually adjusting the size;
(44) adding functions of dynamically setting display attributes, wall transparency, wall color and the like of the floor GROUP;
(45) the floor generation is finished.
Preferably, in the step (5), the building generation specifically includes the following steps:
(51) searching floors, and uniformly managing the number of floors of the whole building;
(52) repeating the operations in the steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) for the floor structures with different structures, importing new floor pictures, and generating new floors;
(53) for floors with the same structure, copying operation is carried out by selecting a corresponding 3D object with the floor structure, and floors with other same structures are generated; during the replication process, the following points are noted: (1) obtaining the position offset, the size and the angle attribute of the reference floor through the current operation object; (2) defining the material attribute of the generated floor; (3) adding the object structure to the group of the corresponding floor, and adding the floor in the specified range to the group of the corresponding standard group; (4) traversing the floor range, and deleting the repeated conflict floor structure;
(54) adding the obtained floor to the 3D engine;
(55) repeating steps (52) - (54) until the building is completed;
(56) and finishing building generation.
The 3D model data finally generated by the method is stored in a database or a text document in the form of a JSON object. Other 3D model data formats may be generated by means of a general purpose 3D engine. Such as obj, dae, max, stl, mtl, glb, gltf, svg, etc., for use by other tools or software systems.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the plane line block diagram of the building floor, the 3D model of the building is automatically generated, and the 3D model of the whole building is generated from the surface, so that for the 3D model requiring party which does not pay attention to the details in the building and mainly pays attention to the special physical structure of the building, the modeling speed of the mode is greatly improved, the modeling difficulty is greatly reduced, and under the condition of a plane line frame diagram, the 3D model of the building with a medium scale can be constructed in only a few minutes; the method can be applied to non-3D technicians, pays attention to the structure of the building, does not pay attention to the 3D model creation in the aspect of building soft package, and has wide application prospect.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the expansion operation of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the etching operation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an original image before contour extraction according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the contour extraction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, an implementation method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building includes the following steps:
(1) processing pictures; processing the scattered details in the picture or the distorted places in the picture;
(2) identifying a wire frame; identifying a line frame of a line in the graph on the basis of the processed picture in the step (1);
(3)3D geometry generation; generating a geometric figure body with the height of one floor on the basis of the wire frame data identified in the step (2);
(4) generating a floor; generating a single-story structure 3D map of a building, including a floor, and replicating the story to other floors having the same structure;
(5) building generation; and (5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) to construct the whole building.
The invention provides a method for quickly creating a 3D model of a building, which is characterized in that an operator manually adds a building plane picture, a program analyzes according to the building picture provided by a user and returns a corresponding building structure array, the array is analyzed, a floor structure geometric body is generated by combining building condition parameters input by the user, manual addition and position adjustment of a public model are provided, a unique identifier is bound for the constructed building, a building internal resource can be added for the building by a re-management terminal, building information is enriched, and the consistency of the building model and an actual building is improved; the specific implementation mode is as follows:
step 101: entering a modeling page, wherein the modeling page provides a 3D modeling operation environment based on WEB;
step 102: selecting a imported building picture;
step 103: returning the content of the building picture, wherein a user can manually adjust the parameter value of the returned picture, provides an intercepting function for a part of structures in the whole structure to be extracted, processes the picture in the background by using the picture processing technology in the content of the invention, and presents the effect of the adjusted picture;
step 104: after confirming the conditions such as parameters and the like, clicking the model generation, and setting the height of the floor and the length of the whole building;
step 105: transmitting condition parameters to the back end, and requesting analysis data of the line profile of the imported picture, wherein the data processing method utilizes a wire frame identification technology in the invention content;
step 106: receiving and analyzing the building structure data;
step 107: analyzing a model structure array of the back-end returned building;
step 108: acquiring the number of floors of the current floor according to the recorded number of floors;
step 109: according to the analysis array, a basic linear structure of a single geometric model is formed through moveTo and lineTo methods of shape objects, a geometric model structure corresponding to a single 3D object is generated, and corresponding position offset of the geometric model structure corresponding to a corresponding coordinate origin is reserved;
step 110: the same material structure of a plurality of geometric model structures generated by the floor structure data adopts the 3D geometric body generation technology in the invention content;
step 111: and combining the plurality of geometric structures into a single geometric model structure, and generating the material attribute corresponding to the model by a material method. A 3D model of such a layer is generated; the floor generation technology in the invention is adopted;
step 112: the floor 3D model is copied to the floor with the same model.
Step 113: repeating steps 102 to 114 to construct a 3D model of the whole building; the technology of building generation in the invention is adopted;
through the steps, a complete 3D model of the building can be generated through the wire frame diagram of the building.
As shown in fig. 2, the expansion process is as follows:
and (3) expanding, wherein X is an image to be processed, X is a binary image, and X is expanded by a structural element B.
① traversing each pixel point of image X with the origin of the structuring element B (i.e., point origin);
② when B traverses X, if X has a point black, then the point where X corresponds to the origin of point B (point origin) is also black, otherwise it is white.
The parameters of the expansion function scale (const Mat & src, Mat & dst, Mat kernel, Point anchor ═ Point (-1, -1), and int iterations ═ 1) are specifically treated as follows:
src: the input map can be multi-channel, and the depth can be CV _8U, CV _16U, CV _16S, CV _32F or CV _ 64F.
dst: the output graph has the same size and shape as the input graph.
kernel: if the kernel () means a preset 3 × 3 rectangle, the larger the expansion effect is, the more obvious the expansion effect is, but the two elements cannot greatly affect the structure of the original image. The values here may be entered by the user.
an anchor: the origin position is preset as the center of the structural element.
iterations: the number of execution times is preset to be 1 time, and the expansion effect is more obvious when the execution times are more.
As shown in fig. 3, the input image may be eroded by using an enode () function in opencv, which determines the shape of the neighborhood during the erosion operation, and the pixel value of each point is replaced with the minimum value in the corresponding neighborhood. The enode function enode (const Mat & src, Mat & dst, Mat kernel, Point anchor ═ Point (-1, -1), int iterations ═ 1) is similar to the above dilate () function.
Example of image erosion: wherein X is an image to be processed, B is a structural element, and the origin is a point origin.
① traversing each pixel point of image X with the origin of the structuring element B (i.e., point origin);
② when B traverses X, if all points on B are in X, then the point is retained, otherwise it is removed.
Therefore, the edge position in the original drawing can be changed into 0, and the purpose of slimming is achieved.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a findcours () method of opencv is used to obtain a line contour in a picture; when processing the contour, filtering may be performed according to the obtained line length.
findContours function contour detection function prototype: void findContours (inputoutpurrayimage, outputaprayofarrays continours, outputapray hierarchy, int mode, int method, Point offset ═ Point ());
description of the parameters:
image: the input image must be a 2-value single-channel image;
the constants: the detected outline array, each outline is represented by a vector of point type;
hirarchy: the number of the contours is the same, each contour contours [ i ] corresponds to 4 hierarchy elements hierarchy [ i ] [0] -hierarchy [ i ] [3] and respectively represents the index numbers of the next contour, the previous contour, the father contour and the embedded contour, and if no corresponding item exists, the value is set as a negative number;
mode: a retrieval mode representing the contour;
RETR _ EXTERNAL indicates that only the outer contour is detected;
the contours detected by RETR _ LIST do not establish a hierarchical relationship;
RETR _ CCOMP establishes two levels of contours, the upper one being the outer boundary and the inner one being the boundary information of the inner hole. If a communicating object is arranged in the inner hole, the boundary of the object is also on the top layer;
RETR _ TREE outlines a hierarchical TREE structure. Reference is made in particular to the condours
A method: an approximation for the contour;
CHAIN _ APPROX _ NONE stores all contour points, and the difference between the pixel positions of two adjacent points does not exceed 1, namely max (abs (x1-x2), abs (y2-y1)) ═ 1;
CHAIN _ APPROX _ SIMPLE compresses elements in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the diagonal direction, only the terminal point coordinates of the direction are reserved, for example, only 4 points are needed for storing outline information of a rectangular outline;
CHAIN _ APPROX _ TC89_ L1, CV _ CHAIN _ APPROX _ TC89_ KCOS using teh-Chinl CHAIN approximation algorithm;
offset: the amount of offset representing the contour point may be set to an arbitrary value. This parameter is also useful for contours found in the ROI image and to be analyzed in the whole image.
According to the plane line block diagram of the building floor, the 3D model of the building is automatically generated, and the 3D model of the whole building is generated from the surface, so that for the 3D model requiring party which does not pay attention to the details in the building and mainly pays attention to the special physical structure of the building, the modeling speed of the mode is greatly improved, the modeling difficulty is greatly reduced, and under the condition of a plane line frame diagram, the 3D model of the building with a medium scale can be constructed in only a few minutes; the method can be applied to non-3D technicians, pays attention to the structure of the building, does not pay attention to the 3D model creation in the aspect of building soft package, and has wide application prospect.
Claims (8)
1. An implementation method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing pictures; processing the scattered details in the picture or the distorted places in the picture;
(2) identifying a wire frame; identifying a line frame of a line in the graph on the basis of the processed picture in the step (1);
(3)3D geometry generation; generating a geometric figure body with the height of one floor on the basis of the wire frame data identified in the step (2);
(4) generating a floor; generating a single-story structure 3D map of a building, including a floor, and replicating the story to other floors having the same structure;
(5) building generation; and (5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) to construct the whole building.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the picture processing specifically includes the following steps:
(11) judging whether the picture is a gray scale picture or not, and if not, converting the picture into the gray scale picture;
(12) carrying out binarization on the picture to ensure that the whole image has obvious black and white effect; processing the picture into a background color black background in a binarization process, wherein the entity is white, namely 1 represents white and 0 represents black; during binarization, the parameters input by a user can be used as a threshold value, when the pixel value is greater than the threshold value, the set value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0;
(13) expanding the picture according to parameters input by a user, expanding a highlight part in the picture, wherein the effect picture has a highlight area larger than that of the original picture; performing expansion operation on the input image by using a specific structural element by using a partition () function in opencv, wherein the structural element determines the shape of a neighborhood in the expansion operation process;
(14) corroding the picture according to parameters input by a user, and deleting some pixels on the boundary of the object; taking a local minimum value in a small area of the original image, wherein one of the small areas is 0 and the pixel point is 0 because the small area is a binary image and only has 0 and 255;
(15) filtering the picture; with bilateral filtering, the filter consists of two functions: one function determines the filter coefficients from the geometric spatial distance and the other function determines the filter coefficients from the pixel difference; in the bilateral filter, the value of the output pixel depends on the weighted combination of the values of the neighborhood pixels;
(16) intercepting the picture, namely intercepting the area block selected by the user on the original picture according to the edge point set of the intercepted picture input by the user;
(17) and finishing the picture processing.
3. The method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (12), the outline of the line in the diagram is obtained by using the FindContours () method of opencv; and when the contour is processed, filtering according to the acquired line length.
4. An implementation method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (13), the expansion is specifically: the expansion is to expand the line boundaries, and the expanded width is determined by the size of the structural elements, if there is a small gap between the objects that is smaller than the structural elements, the expansion can connect the originally separated lines;
the expansion process is as follows:
expanding, wherein X is an image to be processed, X is a binary image, and X is expanded by a structural element B;
① traversing each pixel point of image X with the origin of the structuring element B;
② when B traverses X, if X has a point black, then the point where X corresponds to the origin of point B is also black, otherwise it is white.
5. An implementation of creating a 3D building model from a wire frame diagram of a building as described in claim 2, wherein in step (14), the erosion is specifically: performing corrosion operation on a specific structural element for the input image by adopting an enode () function in opencv, wherein the structural element determines the shape of a neighborhood in the corrosion operation process, and the pixel value of each point is replaced by a minimum value on the corresponding neighborhood;
example of image erosion: wherein X is an image to be processed, B is a structural element, and the origin is a point origin;
① traversing each pixel point of image X with the origin of the structuring element B;
② when B traverses X, if all points on B are in X, then the point is retained, otherwise it is removed;
therefore, the edge position in the original drawing can be changed into 0, and the purpose of slimming is achieved.
6. An implementation method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the 3D geometry generation specifically comprises the following steps:
(31) obtaining a geometrical structure array returned by the rear end;
(32) analyzing the traversing maximum and minimum values of the current object array;
(33) obtaining the height of a single layer of the building, the length of the whole floor and data in the array input by a user, and calculating the proportion of the building to the actual building;
(34) creating a shape object, and forming a coherent line structure by the independent structure points one by one through coordinate values corresponding to the array structure points and MoveTo and LineTo methods;
(35) making entity judgment on the linear structure to generate an editable material attribute;
(36) adding the layer height attribute as the y-axis height of the geometric model into the current material attribute;
(37) re-assigning values, generating a corresponding mesh object, and returning the geometric model structure of the current mesh object;
(38) converting the geometric model structure into a geometric model structure with operability;
(39) adding the modified geometry to the overall structure by means of the merge method and repeating steps (32) - (39);
(310) redefining the material property of the geometric model;
(311) generating a concrete model object and adding the concrete model object into the current 3D engine;
(312) the geometry generation is finished.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (4) of generating the floor specifically includes the steps of:
(41) retrieving floors, obtaining the number of the current operation floors, generating a floor GROUP object, and adding the floor GROUP object into a 3D engine;
(42) manually adjusting the floor structure, the length, the width, the height, the scaling and the angle rotation;
(43) manually adding some fixed self-defined 3D object component models on the existing floor structure; the self-defined special geometric model is an obj or mtl file, and the files are loaded into the 3D engine; selecting a component to be loaded, designating a placement position, and manually adjusting the size;
(44) adding the functions of dynamically setting the display attribute, the wall transparency and the wall color of the floor GROUP;
(45) the floor generation is finished.
8. An implementation method for creating a 3D building model through a wire frame diagram of a building as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the building generation specifically comprises the following steps:
(51) searching floors, and uniformly managing the number of floors of the whole building;
(52) repeating the operations in the steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) for the floor structures with different structures, importing new floor pictures, and generating new floors;
(53) for floors with the same structure, copying operation is carried out by selecting a corresponding 3D object with the floor structure, and floors with other same structures are generated;
(54) adding the obtained floor to the 3D engine;
(55) repeating steps (52) - (54) until the building is completed;
(56) and finishing building generation.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111324922A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-23 | 久瓴(上海)智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for generating floor tile model, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN112164142A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Building lighting simulation method based on smart phone |
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| CN112164142B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2024-07-26 | 江苏科技大学 | Building lighting simulation method based on smart phone |
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