CN110704925B - Method for calculating heat gain of building - Google Patents
Method for calculating heat gain of building Download PDFInfo
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- CN110704925B CN110704925B CN201910922780.8A CN201910922780A CN110704925B CN 110704925 B CN110704925 B CN 110704925B CN 201910922780 A CN201910922780 A CN 201910922780A CN 110704925 B CN110704925 B CN 110704925B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the heat gain of a building, which comprises the following steps: building models of building sites, building structures and peripheral existing buildings are built according to modeling software; drawing a shadow curve of the surface of the building to be detected according to the rod shadow diagram principle and the building model; calculating the sunshine hours and the sunshine area of the surface of the building to be detected according to the building model and the shadow curve; and calculating the annual heat gain of the building to be detected according to the solar radiation intensity of the place where the building to be detected is located. Through the technical scheme of the invention, the annual heat gain calculation mode of the building is simple, convenient and quick.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to a method for calculating the heat gain of a building.
Background
The current sunshine analysis mainly takes sunshine hours as a main index, and a series of analysis is carried out. Buildings, the main object of sunshine analysis, are generally in a complex geographic scene, which contains a large number of terrain and feature elements. The elements are three-dimensional entities existing in the real world, and together form a true three-dimensional sunshine analysis scene. In the actual analysis process, the topographic features and the existing buildings around the buildings shield sunlight. Therefore, to perform accurate sunshine analysis simulation in the real world, the occlusion factors of a plurality of three-dimensional entities in a scene must be considered. According to the rod shadow map relation principle, the solar time value and the corresponding solar radiation intensity of a certain area can be calculated to calculate the building heat gain, but at present, no simple algorithm is used for calculating the building heat gain.
The existing Sketch Up modeling software can present the architectural shadow occlusion relationship time by time due to the geographic attribute, but the area and the occlusion hours of the shadow in a certain period of time cannot be calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least one of the problems, the invention provides a building heat gain quantity calculation method, which is simple and rapid in calculation by modeling a building, constructing a shadow curve according to a bar shadow map principle, further determining the sunshine time and the sunshine area of the building to be detected, and calculating the annual heat gain quantity of the building according to the solar irradiation intensity of the place where the building to be detected is located.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for calculating the heat gain of a building, which comprises the following steps: building models of building sites, building structures and peripheral existing buildings are built according to modeling software; drawing a shadow curve of the surface of the building to be detected according to the rod shadow diagram principle and the building model; calculating the sunshine hours and the sunshine area of the surface of the building to be detected according to the building model and the shadow curve; and calculating the annual heat gain of the building to be detected according to the solar radiation intensity of the place where the building to be detected is located.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the method for calculating the heat gain of the building further includes: and guiding the window design mode of the building to be detected according to the shielding relation between the building to be detected and the peripheral existing building.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the method for calculating the heat gain of the building further includes: and guiding the overall design mode of the building to be detected according to the annual heat gain of the building to be detected and the windowing design mode of the building to be detected.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the drawing a shadow curve of the building surface to be detected according to the rod shadow diagram principle and the building model specifically includes: determining the solar altitude angle of each moment in a day according to the geographical latitude of the location of the building to be detected; drawing shadow boundary points of the building to be detected at all times of the whole day according to the solar altitude at each time on the building model; and connecting all the shadow boundary points at each moment to form the shadow curve.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the calculating the sunshine duration and the sunshine area of the building surface to be detected according to the building model and the shadow curve specifically includes: determining a sunshine area formed by the shadow curve according to the building model; calculating the area of the sunshine area of the building to be detected; and calculating the sunshine duration of the building to be detected.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the calculating the annual heat gain of the building to be detected according to the solar radiation intensity of the location of the building to be detected specifically includes: and calculating the heat gain of the building to be detected according to a calculation formula Q = I.t.s, wherein Q is the heat gain of the building, I is the solar radiation intensity, t is the sunshine time, and s is the heat gain area of the building.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the modeling software is Sketch Up software.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the building is modeled, a shadow curve is constructed according to the rod shadow map principle, the sunshine time and the sunshine area of the building to be detected are further determined, the annual heat gain of the building is calculated according to the solar irradiation intensity of the place where the building to be detected is located, and the calculation is simple, convenient and quick.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for calculating the heat gain of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a bar graph calculation principle disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of rod shadow insolation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of a method for calculating a heat gain of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for calculating the heat gain of a building according to the present invention includes: building models of building sites, building structures and peripheral existing buildings are built according to modeling software; drawing a shadow curve of the surface of the building to be detected according to the rod shadow diagram principle and the building model; calculating the sunshine hours and the sunshine area of the surface of the building to be detected according to the building model and the shadow curve; and calculating the annual heat gain of the building to be detected according to the solar radiation intensity of the place where the building to be detected is located.
In this embodiment, the site, the initial building plan building structure, and the surrounding existing building model are preferably built in the Sketch Up software based on the Sketch Up software. Calculating annual shadow hours and corresponding building area according to a rod shadow graph principle, and then calculating and obtaining building sunshine hours and corresponding building area according to a rod shadow graph, wherein the obtained sunshine hours and area can be combined with the shielding relation among buildings to guide the windowing design of the later-built buildings on one hand, and the annual solar heat gain of the buildings is accumulated by combining with the local solar radiation intensity on the other hand.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the method for calculating the building heat gain further includes: and guiding the windowing design mode of the building to be detected according to the shielding relation between the building to be detected and the peripheral existing building.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the method for calculating the building heat gain further includes: and guiding the overall design mode of the building to be detected according to the annual heat gain of the building to be detected and the windowing design mode of the building to be detected.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the drawing the shadow curve of the building surface to be detected according to the stick-shadow diagram principle and the building model specifically includes: determining the solar altitude angle at each moment in a day according to the geographical latitude of the location of the building to be detected; drawing shadow boundary points of the building to be detected at all times of the whole day on the building model according to the sun altitude at each time; and connecting all the shadow boundary points at each moment to form a shadow curve.
Specifically, the stick shadow graph calculation principle is to draw a track graph of the relation between a stick and a stick shadow according to the day-of-the-week movement of the sun on the celestial sphere, and then the track graph is used as a basis for calculation. The bar graph shows the moving track of a vertical bar with a unit length on an observation point on the earth surface and the moving track of the end point of the bar graph under the sunlight.
After the geographical latitude is selected, the length and range of the bar shadow for the corresponding time of day may be calculated, as shown in fig. 2. A vertical rod with any height is erected on the ground at 0 point, and under the condition that the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the sun at a certain moment are known, the projection length of the top end of the solar irradiation rod on the ground is calculated according to the formula:
L＝H·cot(h s )
wherein H is the building height, H s Is the solar altitude angle, and L is the length of the sun shadow.
As shown in FIG. 3, the bar-shadow daily map, which is a shadow curve drawn by connecting the points in the area corresponding to the sunshine-shielded time each day, can be used to indicate the amount of the daily time anywhere. And drawing a rod shadow day picture of the whole day of the building, and drawing shadow areas of all times of the whole day of the building in the same way, thereby calculating the sunshine time of the day of the building.
In the above embodiment, preferably, calculating the sunshine duration and the sunshine area of the building surface to be detected according to the building model and the shadow curve specifically includes: determining a sunshine area formed by a shadow curve according to the building model; calculating the area of the sunshine area of the building to be detected; and calculating the sunshine duration of the building to be detected.
As shown in fig. 4, in the above embodiment, preferably, calculating the annual heat gain of the building to be detected according to the solar radiation intensity of the location of the building to be detected specifically includes: the heat obtained from the surface of the building mainly comes from the heat transferred by the sun, and the calculation formula of the heat obtained by directly receiving solar radiation, conduction and convection of the building in the sunshine time is Q = I.t.s
Wherein Q is the building heat gain, I is the solar radiation intensity, t is the sunshine time, and s is the building heat gain area. According to the annual sunshine time and the corresponding sunshine area of the building to be detected, the annual solar heat gain of the building to be detected can be simply and quickly calculated according to the formula.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for calculating a building heat gain amount is characterized by comprising the following steps:
building a building model of a building site, a building structure and a peripheral existing building according to Sketch Up software;
drawing a shadow curve of the surface of the building to be detected according to the rod shadow diagram principle and the building model, and specifically comprising the following steps:
determining the solar altitude angle of each moment in a day according to the geographical latitude of the location of the building to be detected;
drawing shadow boundary points of the building to be detected at all times of the whole day according to the solar altitude at each time on the building model;
connecting all shadow boundary points at each moment to form the shadow curve;
calculating the sunshine hours and the sunshine area of the surface of the building to be detected according to the building model and the shadow curve, and specifically comprises the following steps:
determining a sunshine area formed by the shadow curve according to the building model;
calculating the area of the sunshine area of the building to be detected;
calculating the sunshine duration of the building to be detected;
calculating the annual heat gain of the building to be detected according to the solar radiation intensity of the place where the building to be detected is located, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and calculating the heat gain of the building to be detected according to a calculation formula Q = I.t.s, wherein Q is the building heat gain, I is the solar radiation intensity, t is the sunshine time, and s is the building heat gain area.
2. The method of calculating the heat gain of a building according to claim 1, further comprising:
and guiding the window opening design mode of the building to be detected according to the shielding relation between the building to be detected and the peripheral existing building.
3. The method of calculating the building heat gain according to claim 2, further comprising:
and guiding the overall design mode of the building to be detected according to the annual heat gain of the building to be detected and the windowing design mode of the building to be detected.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2012023028A1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-02-23 | National University Of Singapore | A building facade system |
| CN106886670A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-23 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Towards the sunshine shadowing analysis method of civic landscape planning |
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| JP4401377B2 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2010-01-20 | 旭化成ホームズ株式会社 | Residential sunshine simulation method and display object |
| CN103593530B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2016-05-04 | 中国建筑东北设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of integrated approach that adopts digital simulation to carry out energy saving building design |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2012023028A1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-02-23 | National University Of Singapore | A building facade system |
| CN106886670A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-23 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Towards the sunshine shadowing analysis method of civic landscape planning |
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