CN110702863A - Automatic detection device for agricultural products - Google Patents
Automatic detection device for agricultural products Download PDFInfo
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- CN110702863A CN110702863A CN201911034662.XA CN201911034662A CN110702863A CN 110702863 A CN110702863 A CN 110702863A CN 201911034662 A CN201911034662 A CN 201911034662A CN 110702863 A CN110702863 A CN 110702863A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G15/00—Conveyors having endless load-conveying surfaces, i.e. belts and like continuous members, to which tractive effort is transmitted by means other than endless driving elements of similar configuration
- B65G15/30—Belts or like endless load-carriers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
- B65G2201/02—Articles
- B65G2201/0202—Agricultural and processed food products
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic agricultural product detection device, which comprises a baffle, a rotating wheel, a placing platform, a transmission belt, a vibration generation device and a detection platform, wherein the detection platform comprises a moisture detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a central processing device, a vibration parameter setting device and a sorting device, the vibration generation device is used for providing a vibration signal for the placing platform to remove redundant agricultural products to be detected on the placing platform, so that the placing platform has only one agricultural product to be detected, the vibration generation device sends out vibration signals with different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to the type of the agricultural products to be detected, and the moisture detection sensor and the signal processing circuit can carry out high-precision test on moisture information of the agricultural products to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural product testing, in particular to an automatic detection device for agricultural products.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, and agriculture is the traditional and basic industry of China. The planting, processing, consumption and export of agricultural products have strong dependence on the quality detection of the agricultural products. The currently available agricultural product quality detection methods consume a large amount of time. In order to promote the healthy development of agriculture, improve the international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products and relieve the environmental pressure, a rapid quality detection method for agricultural products is urgently needed to be developed.
Among the prior art, when examining agricultural product, often need artificial agricultural product that will await measuring to place on transmission equipment, rethread transmission equipment will await measuring agricultural product and transmit to testing platform and detect, detection efficiency is lower like this, perhaps will await measuring agricultural product one by one through industrial equipment such as arms again and prevent to detect in testing platform, and detection cost is higher like this. Meanwhile, moisture is an important parameter for representing the quality of agricultural products, and in the prior art, the detection precision of the moisture of the agricultural products is low, so that the quality of the agricultural products cannot be accurately reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to overcome the above problems, the present invention provides an automatic agricultural product detection device, which includes a baffle plate, a rotating wheel, a placement platform, a transmission belt, a vibration generation device and a detection platform, wherein the detection platform includes a moisture detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a central processing unit, a vibration parameter setting device and a sorting device, wherein the vibration generation device is configured to provide a vibration signal to the placement platform to remove redundant agricultural products to be detected on the placement platform, so that the placement platform has only one agricultural product to be detected, the vibration generation device sends out vibration signals with different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to the types of the agricultural products to be detected, and the moisture detection sensor and the signal processing circuit can perform high-precision test on moisture information of the agricultural products to be detected.
The automatic detection device for the agricultural products comprises a baffle, a rotating wheel, a placing platform, a conveying belt, a vibration generating device and a detection platform, wherein the detection platform comprises a moisture detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a central processing device, a vibration parameter setting device and a sorting device.
Wherein, it constitutes agricultural product transmission device with the transmission band to rotate the wheel, agricultural product transmission device personally submits preset angle setting with the level, the baffle sets up in the one end of transmission band, a plurality of place the platform sets up on the transmission band, be the agricultural product feeding area between baffle and the first place the platform, a plurality of place the platform circulates the function on the transmission band, testing platform sets up in the other end of transmission band, place the platform will await measuring agricultural product and transmit to the testing platform process and detect, vibration generating device is located between two rotation wheels, vibration generating device is used for providing the vibration signal for place the platform in order to clear away the unnecessary agricultural product that awaits measuring on the place the platform, so that place the platform has and only has an agricultural product that awaits measuring, vibration generating device sends the vibration signal of different angular frequency and amplitude according to.
The output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with the input end of the signal processing circuit, the output end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the input end of the central processing device, and the output end of the central processing device is connected with the input end of the sorting device; the moisture detection sensor is used for detecting moisture signals of agricultural products to be detected and transmitting the detected moisture signals to the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit performs signal processing on the received moisture signals and then transmits the moisture signals to the central processing device, the central processing device transmits the received moisture signals to the sorting device, moisture threshold signals are stored in the sorting device, if the moisture signals received by the sorting device are larger than or equal to the moisture threshold signals, the sorting device transmits the agricultural products to be detected corresponding to the received moisture signals to a qualified area, and if the moisture signals received by the sorting device are smaller than the moisture threshold signals, the sorting device transmits the agricultural products to be detected corresponding to the received moisture signals to an unqualified area.
The output end of the vibration parameter setting device is connected with the input end of the central processing device, and the output end of the central processing device is connected with the input end of the vibration generating device; the vibration parameter setting device is used for inputting vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameters of the vibration generating device, the central processing device transmits the received vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameters of the vibration generating device to the vibration generating device, and the vibration generating device sends out vibration signals according to the received vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameters.
Preferably, vibration generating device sends the vibration signal of different angular frequency and amplitude according to the type difference of the agricultural product that awaits measuring, wherein, if bear two agricultural products that await measuring in the place the platform, then vibration generating device sends vibration signal and drops one of them agricultural product that awaits measuring vibration, and the quality of establishing every agricultural product that awaits measuring is the spheroid of m, and the direction of perpendicular to transmission band is the x axle direction, and the agricultural product that awaits measuring carries out vibration motion under the vibration signal effect that vibration generating device produced, and the displacement that vibration generating device produced can express as:
wherein S is the displacement of the vibration generating device,in order to be able to set the amplitude of the vibration generating means,
is the angular frequency of vibration, t is the time,
is the vibration phase angle;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the speed in the direction of the x-axis,
acceleration in the x-axis direction;
when the pressure N between the agricultural product to be tested and the transmission belt is less than or equal to 0, the agricultural product to be tested and the transmission belt generate relative displacement, and then:
wherein, g is the acceleration of gravity,
is the friction force among the agricultural products to be tested, mu is the friction coefficient among the agricultural products to be tested,
is a displacement index, and D is a throwing index;
the minimum phase angle is the minimum phase angle when the agricultural product to be detected begins to displace;
wherein K is the vibration intensity; then there is a change in the number of,
；
when the displacement index or throwing index is equal to 1, the critical vibration angular frequency of the displacement of the agricultural product to be measured can be obtained as the critical condition for generating the displacement
Or critical amplitudeThen, there is,
when angular frequency of vibration＞
Or amplitude
＞
During the time, the positive pressure that is located between the agricultural product that awaits measuring of top and the transmission band is 0, simultaneously, frictional force between agricultural product that awaits measuring and the transmission band also is 0, the agricultural product that awaits measuring of top this moment only receives gravity and the agricultural product that awaits measuring of below to its holding power, when two power are not collinear, will produce the torque to the agricultural product that awaits measuring, the agricultural product that awaits measuring that is located the top under this torque effect will produce the upset, the agricultural product that awaits measuring that is located the top can jump away from the place the platform, therefore, when examining, set up vibration generating device's vibration angular frequency in vibration parameter setting device
＞
Or amplitude＞
。
Preferably, the moisture detection sensor is used for detecting a moisture signal of an agricultural product to be detected, the collected moisture signal is converted into a voltage signal V0, the voltage signal V0 is transmitted to the signal processing circuit, V1 is the voltage signal processed by the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit comprises a signal amplification unit and a signal filtering unit, an output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with an input end of the signal amplification unit, an output end of the signal amplification unit is connected with an input end of the signal filtering unit, and an output end of the signal filtering unit is connected with an input end of the central processing device.
Preferably, the signal amplifying unit includes operational amplifiers a1-A3, resistors R1-R7, a sliding rheostat Rt, capacitors C0-C2, and inductors L1-L2.
Wherein, the output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with one end of an inductor L1, one end of a capacitor C0 is grounded, the other end of a capacitor C0 is connected with one end of an inductor L1, one end of a capacitor C0 is further connected with one end of an inductor L2, one end of a capacitor C2 is connected with the other end of an inductor L2, the other end of a capacitor C2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of a capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of an inductor L1, the other end of an inductor L1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a1, the other end of an inductor L2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with one end of an operational amplifier R4, the other end of a resistor R, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A1, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A2, the other end of the resistor R1 is further connected with one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is further connected with one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R2 is further connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R5 is further connected with one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R6 is further connected with one end of the sliding rheostat Rt, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the other.
Preferably, the signal filtering unit comprises resistors R8-R14, capacitors C3-C6, a voltage regulator tube D and operational amplifiers A4-A5.
Wherein, the output end of the signal amplifying unit is connected with one end of a resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R8 is further connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the anode of a voltage regulator tube D is connected with a direct current power supply Vcc, the other end of a resistor R9 is connected with the cathode of a voltage regulator tube D, one end of a capacitor C3 is grounded, the other end of a capacitor C3 is connected with the other end of a resistor R9, the other end of a capacitor C3 is further connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier A4, the other end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the output end of an operational amplifier A4, one end of a resistor R10 is grounded, the other end of a resistor R10 is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier A4, the other end of a resistor R10 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, the other end of a resistor R11 is connected with the output end of an operational amplifier A4, one, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to one end of a capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier A5, one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the other end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier A5, one end of the resistor R14 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A5, the other end of the resistor R14 is further connected to one end of the resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier A5, the output end of the operational amplifier A5 is connected to the input end of the central processing device, and the signal filtering.
Preferably, the central processing unit is a P89V51 series single chip microcomputer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides an automatic agricultural product detection device which comprises a baffle, a rotating wheel, a placing platform, a transmission belt, a vibration generation device and a detection platform, wherein the detection platform comprises a moisture detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a central processing device, a vibration parameter setting device and a sorting device, the vibration generation device is used for providing a vibration signal for the placing platform to remove redundant agricultural products to be detected on the placing platform, so that the placing platform has only one agricultural product to be detected, the vibration generation device sends out vibration signals with different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to different types of the agricultural products to be detected, and the moisture detection sensor and the signal processing circuit can carry out high-precision test on moisture information of the agricultural products to be detected.
(2) The signal processing circuit provided by the invention can be used for carrying out high-precision processing on the moisture signal acquired by the moisture detection sensor, and has the following advantages:
the operational amplifier A1 and the operational amplifier A2 provide gains for the signal-to-noise ratio, and the amplification of the input signal by the gain ratio of this stage is much higher than the common mode component (noise);
the resistor R1, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 that determine the gain have no effect on the common mode rejection ratio, and therefore the tolerance of the resistors is not important.
Another feature of the signal amplification unit is that there is no gain for common mode input signals, which is not only related to the actual input signal, but also to the offset voltage and drift of the operational amplifier a1 and operational amplifier a 2. If the operational amplifier a1 and the operational amplifier a2 have equal drift rates and drift in the same direction, the drift appears as a common mode signal, is not amplified, and can be suppressed by the second stage. Thus, the drift requirements for operational amplifier A1 and operational amplifier A2 are reduced.
In the signal filtering unit, the operational amplifier a4 and the operational amplifier a5 form a low-pass filter, wherein the signal filtering unit is used for filtering frequency interference signals and noise interference signals to improve the transmission precision of signals and ensure that effective signals are output, and the voltage regulator tube D is used for ensuring that the output of a two-stage circuit formed by the operational amplifier a4 and the operational amplifier a5 does not exceed a specified value so as to protect components in the circuit from being damaged and work normally.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vibration generating device of the present invention for generating vibration and stress;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an automatic agricultural product inspection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an inspection platform according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a signal processing circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The automatic agricultural product inspection device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the automatic agricultural product detection device provided by the present invention comprises a baffle 1, a rotating wheel 2, a placing platform 3, a conveying belt 4, a vibration generation device and a detection platform 5, wherein the detection platform 5 comprises a moisture detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a central processing device, a vibration parameter setting device and a sorting device.
Wherein, the rotating wheels 2 and the transmission belt 4 form an agricultural product transmission device, the agricultural product transmission device and the horizontal plane are arranged at a preset angle, the baffle plate 1 is arranged at one end of the transmission belt 4, the plurality of placing platforms 3 are arranged on the transmission belt 4, an agricultural product feeding area is arranged between the baffle plate 1 and the first placing platform 3, the plurality of placing platforms 3 circularly operate on the transmission belt 4, the detection platform 5 is arranged at the other end of the transmission belt 4, the placing platforms 3 transmit the agricultural products to be detected to the detection platform 5 for process detection, the vibration generating device is arranged between the two rotating wheels 2 and is used for providing a vibration signal for the placing platforms 3 to remove redundant agricultural products to be detected on the placing platforms 3, so that the placing platform 3 has only one agricultural product to be tested, and the vibration generating device sends out vibration signals with different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to the type of the agricultural product to be tested.
The output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with the input end of the signal processing circuit, the output end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the input end of the central processing device, and the output end of the central processing device is connected with the input end of the sorting device; the moisture detection sensor is used for detecting moisture signals of agricultural products to be detected and transmitting the detected moisture signals to the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit performs signal processing on the received moisture signals and then transmits the moisture signals to the central processing device, the central processing device transmits the received moisture signals to the sorting device, moisture threshold signals are stored in the sorting device, if the moisture signals received by the sorting device are larger than or equal to the moisture threshold signals, the sorting device transmits the agricultural products to be detected corresponding to the received moisture signals to a qualified area, and if the moisture signals received by the sorting device are smaller than the moisture threshold signals, the sorting device transmits the agricultural products to be detected corresponding to the received moisture signals to an unqualified area.
The output end of the vibration parameter setting device is connected with the input end of the central processing device, and the output end of the central processing device is connected with the input end of the vibration generating device; the vibration parameter setting device is used for inputting vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameters of the vibration generating device, the central processing device transmits the received vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameters of the vibration generating device to the vibration generating device, and the vibration generating device sends out vibration signals according to the received vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameters.
In the above embodiment, the automatic agricultural product detection device provided by the invention comprises a baffle, a rotating wheel, a placing platform, a transmission belt, a vibration generation device and a detection platform, wherein the detection platform comprises a moisture detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a central processing device, a vibration parameter setting device and a sorting device, the vibration generation device is used for providing a vibration signal for the placing platform to remove redundant agricultural products to be detected on the placing platform, so that the placing platform has only one agricultural product to be detected, the vibration generation device sends out vibration signals with different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to different types of the agricultural products to be detected, and the moisture detection sensor and the signal processing circuit can carry out high-precision test on moisture information of the agricultural products to be detected.
As shown in fig. 1, the vibration generating device sends out vibration signals of different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to the type difference of agricultural products to be measured, wherein, if two agricultural products to be measured are loaded in the placing platform 3, the vibration generating device sends out vibration signals to drop one of the agricultural products to be measured, the mass of each agricultural product to be measured is set to be a sphere of m, the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt 4 is the x-axis direction, the agricultural products to be measured carry out vibration motion under the effect of the vibration signals generated by the vibration generating device, and the displacement generated by the vibration generating device can be expressed as:
；
wherein S is the displacement of the vibration generating device,
in order to be able to set the amplitude of the vibration generating means,
is the angular frequency of vibration, t is the time,is the vibration phase angle;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the speed in the direction of the x-axis,
acceleration in the x-axis direction;
when the pressure N between the agricultural product to be tested and the transmission belt 4 is less than or equal to 0, the agricultural product to be tested and the transmission belt 4 generate relative displacement, and then:
；
wherein, g is the acceleration of gravity,
is the friction force among the agricultural products to be tested, mu is the friction coefficient among the agricultural products to be tested,
is a displacement index, and D is a throwing index;
the minimum phase angle is the minimum phase angle when the agricultural product to be detected begins to displace;
wherein K is the vibration intensity; then there is a change in the number of,
when the displacement index or throwing index is equal to 1, the critical vibration angular frequency of the displacement of the agricultural product to be measured can be obtained as the critical condition for generating the displacementOr critical amplitude
Then, there is,
when angular frequency of vibration
＞
Or amplitude
＞During, the positive pressure that is located the agricultural product that awaits measuring and transmission band 4 of top is 0, and simultaneously, the frictional force between agricultural product that awaits measuring and the transmission band 4 also is 0, the agricultural product that awaits measuring of top this moment only receives gravity and the agricultural product that awaits measuring to its holding power of below, when two power are not collinear, will produce the torque to the agricultural product that awaits measuring, the agricultural product that awaits measuring that is located the top under this torque effect will produce the upset, the agricultural product that awaits measuring that is located the top can jump away from place the platform 3, therefore, when examining, set up in vibration parameter setting device and put, consequently, examine timeAngular frequency of vibration generating device
＞
Or amplitude＞
。
As shown in fig. 4, the moisture detection sensor is used for detecting a moisture signal of an agricultural product to be detected, the collected moisture signal is converted into a voltage signal V0, the voltage signal V0 is transmitted to the signal processing circuit, V1 is the voltage signal processed by the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit comprises a signal amplification unit and a signal filtering unit, an output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with an input end of the signal amplification unit, an output end of the signal amplification unit is connected with an input end of the signal filtering unit, and an output end of the signal filtering unit is connected with an input end of the central processing unit.
Specifically, the signal amplification unit comprises operational amplifiers A1-A3, resistors R1-R7, a sliding rheostat Rt, capacitors C0-C2 and inductors L1-L2.
Wherein, the output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with one end of an inductor L1, one end of a capacitor C0 is grounded, the other end of a capacitor C0 is connected with one end of an inductor L1, one end of a capacitor C0 is further connected with one end of an inductor L2, one end of a capacitor C2 is connected with the other end of an inductor L2, the other end of a capacitor C2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of a capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of an inductor L1, the other end of an inductor L1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a1, the other end of an inductor L2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with one end of an operational amplifier R4, the other end of a resistor R, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A1, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A2, the other end of the resistor R1 is further connected with one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is further connected with one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R2 is further connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R5 is further connected with one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R6 is further connected with one end of the sliding rheostat Rt, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the other.
Specifically, the signal filtering unit comprises resistors R8-R14, capacitors C3-C6, a voltage regulator tube D and operational amplifiers A4-A5.
Wherein, the output end of the signal amplifying unit is connected with one end of a resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R8 is further connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the anode of a voltage regulator tube D is connected with a direct current power supply Vcc, the other end of a resistor R9 is connected with the cathode of a voltage regulator tube D, one end of a capacitor C3 is grounded, the other end of a capacitor C3 is connected with the other end of a resistor R9, the other end of a capacitor C3 is further connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier A4, the other end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the output end of an operational amplifier A4, one end of a resistor R10 is grounded, the other end of a resistor R10 is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier A4, the other end of a resistor R10 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, the other end of a resistor R11 is connected with the output end of an operational amplifier A4, one, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to one end of a capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier A5, one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the other end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier A5, one end of the resistor R14 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A5, the other end of the resistor R14 is further connected to one end of the resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier A5, the output end of the operational amplifier A5 is connected to the input end of the central processing device, and the signal filtering.
In the above embodiment, the operational amplifiers A1-A3 are all LT1012, and the operational amplifiers A4-A5 are LT 1192.
In the signal amplifying unit, the resistance of the resistor R1 is 100k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R2 is 4.7k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R3 is 14.7k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R4 is 10k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R5 is 10k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R6 is 100k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R7 is 1k Ω, the overall resistance of the sliding rheostat Rt is 10k Ω, the capacitance of the capacitor C0 is 1 μ F, the capacitance of the capacitor C1 is 0.1 μ F, the capacitance of the capacitor C2 is 0.1 μ F, the inductance of the inductor L1 is 100mH, and the inductance of the inductor L2 is 100 mH.
In the signal amplification unit, an operational amplifier A1, an operational amplifier A2 and an operational amplifier A3 form a signal amplification circuit, wherein the operational amplifier A1 and the operational amplifier A2 are first-stage amplification circuits, the operational amplifier A3 is a second-stage amplification circuit, the operational amplifier A1 and the operational amplifier A2 receive a voltage signal V0 of a sensor, and the voltage signal V0 is loaded to the non-inverting input ends of the operational amplifier A1 and the operational amplifier A2. Since the input impedance of the signal amplification unit is high, the influence of the impedance of the wire in the signal amplification unit on the measurement accuracy of the sensor is almost negligible.
In the signal amplifying unit, the operational amplifier a1 and the operational amplifier a2 constitute a pre-amplifier circuit, and in the design, the operational amplifier a1 is regarded as a modified voltage follower with only the feedback resistors R1-R3, and the operational amplifier a2 is regarded as a modified voltage follower with only the feedback resistors R3-R4, and in the prior art, the resistor R3 is generally grounded, and here, the resistor R3 shared by the operational amplifier a1 and the operational amplifier a2 is not grounded and is connected to the summing point of another operational amplifier, so that the resistor R3 forms a virtual ground loop and can follow the common mode signal, and as a result, no current flows in the resistor R3.
According to the zero-value differential-mode input voltage theory of the operational amplifier a1 and the operational amplifier a2, there is no voltage difference across the resistor R3, and the common-mode voltage causes the operational amplifier a1 and the operational amplifier a2 to have a single gain, which is:
the signal amplification unit provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the operational amplifier A1 and the operational amplifier A2 provide gains for the signal-to-noise ratio, and the amplification of the input signal by the gain ratio of this stage is much higher than the common mode component (noise);
(2) the resistor R1, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 that determine the gain have no effect on the common mode rejection ratio, and therefore the tolerance of the resistors is not important.
Another feature of the signal amplification unit is that there is no gain for common mode input signals, which is not only related to the actual input signal, but also to the offset voltage and drift of the operational amplifier a1 and operational amplifier a 2. If the operational amplifier a1 and the operational amplifier a2 have equal drift rates and drift in the same direction, the drift appears as a common mode signal, is not amplified, and can be suppressed by the second stage. Thus, the drift requirements for operational amplifier A1 and operational amplifier A2 are reduced.
The first stage amplification circuit comprising operational amplifier a1 and operational amplifier a2 is as high as possible, whereas the drift and common mode error of the second stage amplification circuit comprising operational amplifier A3 are negligible, the amplifier requirements are greatly reduced, and the total gain of the first stage amplification circuit comprising operational amplifier a1 and operational amplifier a2 and the second stage amplification circuit comprising operational amplifier A3 is:
in the signal filtering unit, the resistance of the resistor R8 is 1k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R9 is 0.47k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R10 is 5k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R11 is 10k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R12 is 5k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R13 is 1.47k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R14 is 1.7k Ω, the resistance of the resistor R15 is 1.47k Ω, the capacitance of the capacitor C3 is 1 μ F, the capacitance of the capacitor C4 is 1 μ F, the capacitance of the capacitor C5 is 0.1 μ F, and the capacitance of the capacitor C6 is 0.1 μ F.
In the signal filtering unit, the operational amplifier a4 and the operational amplifier a5 form a low-pass filter, wherein the signal filtering unit is used for filtering frequency interference signals and noise interference signals to improve the transmission precision of signals and ensure that effective signals are output, and the voltage regulator tube D is used for ensuring that the output of a two-stage circuit formed by the operational amplifier a4 and the operational amplifier a5 does not exceed a specified value so as to protect components in the circuit from being damaged and work normally.
Specifically, the central processing unit is a P89V51 series single chip microcomputer. Specifically, P89V51RB2, P89V51RB2 is an 80C51 microcontroller, containing 16kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM. A typical characteristic of P89V51RB2 is its X2 mode option. With this feature, applications can be run at a conventional clock frequency of 80C51 (12 clocks per machine cycle) or X2 (6 clocks per machine cycle), with the X2 being chosen to achieve 2 times the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to halve the clock frequency while keeping the feature unchanged, which can greatly reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). The Flash program memory supports both parallel and serial on-system programming (ISP). The parallel programming mode provides a high-speed grouping programming (page programming) mode, and programming cost can be saved.
This written description uses examples to disclose the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The automatic agricultural product detection device is characterized by comprising a baffle (1), a rotating wheel (2), a placing platform (3), a conveying belt (4), a vibration generation device and a detection platform (5), wherein the detection platform (5) comprises a moisture detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a central processing device, a vibration parameter setting device and a sorting device;
wherein, the rotating wheel (2) and the transmission band (4) form an agricultural product transmission device, the agricultural product transmission device is arranged at a preset angle with the horizontal plane, the baffle (1) is arranged at one end of the transmission band (4), the placing platforms (3) are arranged on the transmission band (4), an agricultural product feeding area is arranged between the baffle (1) and the first placing platform (3), the placing platforms (3) are circularly operated on the transmission band (4), the detection platform (5) is arranged at the other end of the transmission band (4), the placing platforms (3) transmit agricultural products to be detected to the detection platform (5) for process detection, the vibration generating device is arranged between the two rotating wheels (2), the vibration generating device is used for providing vibration signals for the placing platforms (3) so as to clear redundant agricultural products to be detected on the placing platforms (3), so that the placing platform (3) is provided with only one agricultural product to be tested, and the vibration generating device sends out vibration signals with different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to different types of the agricultural products to be tested;
the output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with the input end of the signal processing circuit, the output end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the input end of the central processing device, and the output end of the central processing device is connected with the input end of the sorting device; the moisture detection sensor is used for detecting a moisture signal of an agricultural product to be detected and transmitting the detected moisture signal to the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit is used for processing the received moisture signal and then transmitting the processed moisture signal to the central processing device, the central processing device is used for transmitting the received moisture signal to the sorting device, a moisture threshold signal is stored in the sorting device, if the moisture signal received by the sorting device is larger than or equal to the moisture threshold signal, the sorting device transmits the agricultural product to be detected corresponding to the received moisture signal to a qualified area, and if the moisture signal received by the sorting device is smaller than the moisture threshold signal, the sorting device transmits the agricultural product to be detected corresponding to the received moisture signal to an unqualified area;
the output end of the vibration parameter setting device is connected with the input end of the central processing device, and the output end of the central processing device is connected with the input end of the vibration generating device; the vibration parameter setting device is used for inputting the vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameter of the vibration generating device, the central processing device transmits the received vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameter of the vibration generating device to the vibration generating device, and the vibration generating device sends out a vibration signal according to the received vibration angular frequency or amplitude parameter.
2. The agricultural product automatic detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration generation device sends out vibration signals with different angular frequencies and amplitudes according to different types of agricultural products to be detected, wherein if two agricultural products to be detected are carried in the placing platform (3), the vibration generation device sends out vibration signals to vibrate and drop one of the agricultural products to be detected, a sphere with mass m of each agricultural product to be detected is set, a direction perpendicular to the conveying belt (4) is an x-axis direction, the agricultural products to be detected perform vibration motion under the action of the vibration signals generated by the vibration generation device, and the displacement generated by the vibration generation device can be represented as:
wherein S is the displacement of the vibration generating device,for the amplitude of the vibration generating means,
is the angular frequency of vibration, t is the time,is the vibration phase angle;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the speed in the direction of the x-axis,
acceleration in the x-axis direction;
when the pressure N between the agricultural product to be tested and the conveying belt (4) is less than or equal to 0, the agricultural product to be tested and the conveying belt (4) generate relative displacement, and then:
wherein, g is the acceleration of gravity,
is the friction force among the agricultural products to be tested, mu is the friction coefficient among the agricultural products to be tested,
is a displacement index, and D is a throwing index;
the minimum phase angle is the minimum phase angle when the agricultural product to be detected begins to displace;
wherein K is the vibration intensity; then there is a change in the number of,
when the displacement index or throwing index is equal to 1, the critical vibration angular frequency of the displacement of the agricultural product to be measured can be obtained as the critical condition for generating the displacementOr critical amplitude
Then, there is,
when angular frequency of vibration
＞
Or amplitude
＞
During the time, be located the top agricultural product that awaits measuring with positive pressure between transmission band (4) is 0, simultaneously, the agricultural product that awaits measuring with frictional force between transmission band (4) also is 0, and the agricultural product that awaits measuring of top this moment only receives gravity and the agricultural product that awaits measuring below to its holding power, when two power are not collinear, will produce the torque to the agricultural product that awaits measuring, and the agricultural product that awaits measuring that is located the top under this torque effect will produce the upset, and the agricultural product that awaits measuring that is located the top can jump away from place platform (3), consequently, when examining, set up in the vibration parameter setting device vibration generating device's vibration angular frequency sets up vibration generating device's vibration
＞
Or amplitude
＞
。
3. The agricultural product automatic detection device according to claim 1, wherein the moisture detection sensor is configured to detect a moisture signal of an agricultural product to be detected, convert the collected moisture signal into a voltage signal V0, and transmit the voltage signal V0 to the signal processing circuit, V1 is the voltage signal processed by the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit includes a signal amplification unit and a signal filtering unit, an output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected to an input end of the signal amplification unit, an output end of the signal amplification unit is connected to an input end of the signal filtering unit, and an output end of the signal filtering unit is connected to an input end of the central processing device.
4. The agricultural product automatic detection device of claim 3, wherein the signal amplification unit comprises operational amplifiers A1-A3, resistors R1-R7, a sliding rheostat Rt, capacitors C0-C2 and inductors L1-L2;
wherein, the output end of the moisture detection sensor is connected with one end of an inductor L1, one end of a capacitor C0 is grounded, the other end of a capacitor C0 is connected with one end of an inductor L1, one end of a capacitor C0 is further connected with one end of an inductor L2, one end of a capacitor C2 is connected with the other end of an inductor L2, the other end of a capacitor C2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of a capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of an inductor L1, the other end of an inductor L1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier 1, the other end of an inductor L2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier a2, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with one end of an operational amplifier R4, the other end of a resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A1, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A2, the other end of the resistor R1 is further connected with one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is further connected with one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R2 is further connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R5 is further connected with one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier A3, the other end of the resistor R6 is further connected with one end of the sliding rheostat Rt, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the other end.
5. The agricultural product automatic detection device of claim 4, wherein the signal filtering unit comprises resistors R8-R14, capacitors C3-C6, a voltage regulator tube D and operational amplifiers A4-A5;
wherein, the output end of the signal amplification unit is connected with one end of a resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R8 is further connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the anode of a voltage regulator tube D is connected with a direct current power supply Vcc, the other end of a resistor R9 is connected with the cathode of a voltage regulator tube D, one end of a capacitor C3 is grounded, the other end of a capacitor C3 is connected with the other end of a resistor R9, the other end of a capacitor C3 is further connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier A4, the other end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the output end of an operational amplifier A4, one end of a resistor R10 is grounded, the other end of a resistor R10 is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier A4, the other end of a resistor R10 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, the other end of a resistor R11 is connected with the output end of an operational amplifier A4, one end, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to one end of a capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the output end of an operational amplifier A5, one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the other end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier A5, one end of the resistor R14 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier A5, the other end of the resistor R14 is further connected to one end of a resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier A5, the output end of the operational amplifier A5 is connected to the input end of the central processing device, and the signal filtering unit transmits the.
6. The automatic agricultural product detection device of claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is a P89V51 series single chip microcomputer.
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