CN110702680B - Device and method for detecting disease index of wheat scab - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting disease index of wheat scab Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for detecting the disease index of wheat scab, wherein: including setting up mounting system and the wheat scab collector in gibberellic disease wheat field sampling area, wherein, mounting system includes the truss, a slide rail, support frame and connecting rod, the truss is a plurality of horizontal stereoplasm rod-like structures of parallel arrangement each other, the truss both ends extend to the front end and the rear end in gibberellic disease wheat field sampling area respectively, the both ends of truss are fixed subaerial through the support frame, the slide rail is snakelike slide rail, the slide rail is formed by alternate straight going part and the connection of turn part, straight going part and truss one-to-one, straight going part passes through the connecting rod and hoists in corresponding truss under, turn part is connected between two adjacent straight going parts. The invention has the advantage of accurate detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat scab diagnosis, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting the disease index of wheat scab.
Background
Wheat scab is also called wheat head withering, wheat head rotting and red wheat head, and is one of the main diseases of wheat. Wheat scab is common worldwide and is mainly distributed in humid and semi-humid areas, especially in temperate areas with humid and rainy climate. The seedling can be damaged from seedling to ear emergence, and the seedling is mainly withered, stalk-base rot, stalk rot and ear rot, wherein the most serious damage is ear rot. Wheat scab is characterized in that the wheat scab is infected by pathogenic bacteria at the heading and flowering stage, the disease is firstly developed on a certain spikelet, then the disease is expanded upwards and downwards to an adjacent spikelet along the main spike axis, a water stain type light brown disease spot appears in the diseased part and gradually expands to withered yellow, and a pink mildew layer (conidium) is generated later, so that the wheat scab infected wheat ear can change brown, yellow and pink in different disease stages, and whether the wheat is infected with the scab can be conveniently obtained by detecting the color change of the wheat.
At present, wheat scab is mainly detected by manual investigation, the workload is high, the number of required people is large, different results can appear when people with the same scab and different diseases are classified into disease severity, so that errors among different treatments are increased, the real situation cannot be scientifically reflected, powerful criteria cannot be provided for pesticide effect evaluation and plant protection equipment spraying quality evaluation, if general image scanning devices are adopted for detection, wheat ears need to be cut down and placed on the image scanning devices, and partial wheat fields are inevitably damaged, so that waste is caused.
Patent 201721033365 discloses a wheat scab detection device based on hyperspectral imaging, and this patent discloses one kind can be in the field directly to the wheat ear be 45 jiaos take a picture, then the device of the analysis wheat scab state of an illness, however, this kind of device has the following problem: 1. the shot has an angle, so that only the upper part of the wheat ear can be shot, and the lower part of the wheat ear cannot be shot due to the shielding of the adjacent wheat ear and the wheat straw, so that a large amount of wheat ears only in the upper half part of the shot exist, and the sample cannot be used. 2. Only one side face of the wheat ear can be shot, and the other side face cannot be shot, so that the device cannot obtain the whole wheat ear pattern of one wheat plant at all, and the device cannot correctly know the condition that only half of the wheat ears are infected with diseases. 3. Because scab can be damaged from seedling to heading, diseases such as seedling withering, stem base rot, stalk rot and ear rot can be caused, therefore, part of wheat which is not heading, namely diseased wheat can be shorter than normal wheat, and the part of wheat which is diseased by scab can not be normally shot, therefore, the wheat ear is directly shot in the field at an angle of 45 degrees, the disease index of the finally obtained wheat scab is lower than the normal value, and the detection is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a device and a method for detecting the disease index of wheat scab, which can detect images of the left and right sides of wheat ears in situ in a wheat field, can normally sample short wheat ears and have high sampling precision, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an apparatus for detecting the disease index of wheat scab, wherein: the wheat scab collector comprises a support system and a wheat scab collector, wherein the support system is arranged in a scab wheat field sampling area and comprises a truss, a slide rail, a support frame and a connecting rod, the truss is a plurality of horizontal hard rod-shaped structures which are arranged in parallel, two ends of the truss respectively extend to the front end and the rear end of the scab wheat field sampling area, two ends of the truss are fixed on the ground through the support frame, the slide rail is a snake-shaped slide rail, the slide rail is formed by connecting alternate straight parts and turning parts, the straight parts correspond to the truss one by one, the straight parts are hung under the corresponding trusses through the connecting rod, the turning parts are connected between the two adjacent straight parts, the wheat scab collector comprises a walking mechanism, a left sampling mechanism and a right sampling mechanism, the walking mechanism comprises a roller fixing plate, a walking roller, a roller driving motor and a hanging frame, the walking roller is fixedly, the walking roller is positioned in the slide rail, the walking roller can roll in the slide rail so as to move along the slide rail, a roller driving motor is fixed on a roller fixing plate and is in transmission connection with the walking roller and can drive the walking roller to rotate, the upper end of a hanger is fixedly connected with the roller fixing plate, the lower end of the hanger is respectively fixedly connected with a left sampling mechanism and a right sampling mechanism, the left sampling mechanism comprises a left sampling part, a left gathering part and a left clamping part, the left sampling part comprises a left shell, a left linear illuminating lamp strip, a left linear CCD camera, a left battery and a left memory, the upper end of the left shell is fixedly connected with the hanger, the right side surface of the left shell is made of a reflecting plate, a vertical strip-shaped collecting groove is formed in the right side surface of the left shell, left light-transmitting glass is installed in the collecting groove, and the left linear illuminating lamp strip, the left linear CCD camera, the left battery and the, the left linear lighting lamp strip and the left linear CCD camera are both arranged along the left transparent glass, so that light of the left linear lighting lamp strip can be emitted through the left transparent glass, the left linear CCD camera can collect optical information through the left transparent glass, the left linear CCD camera is respectively connected with a left battery and a left memory, the optical information collected by the left linear CCD camera can be sent to the left memory for storage, the left linear lighting lamp strip is connected with the left battery, the left battery respectively supplies power for the left linear CCD camera and the left linear lighting lamp strip, the left gathering part comprises a left ratchet wheel and a left power motor, the left ratchet wheel is vertically arranged at the front part of the left shell, the left power motor is fixed on the left shell, the left power motor is in transmission connection with a wheel shaft of the left ratchet wheel, the left power motor can drive the left ratchet wheel to rotate by the wheel shaft, the left clamping part comprises two left clamping gears and a left, the two left clamping gears can rotate around the wheel shafts thereof in tandem and are arranged at the lower part of a left shell, a left clamping conveyor belt is fixed around the two left clamping gears, the wheel shaft of one left clamping gear is in transmission connection with a left power motor, the left power motor can drive the left clamping gear to rotate, so that the left clamping conveyor belt rotates, a right sampling mechanism comprises a right sampling part, a right gathering part and a right clamping part, the right sampling part comprises a right shell, a right linear lighting lamp bar, a right linear CCD camera, a right battery and a right memory, the upper end of the right shell is fixedly connected with a hanger, the left side surface of the right shell is made of a reflecting plate, a vertical strip-shaped collecting groove is arranged on the left side surface of the right shell, right transparent glass is arranged in the collecting groove, the right linear lighting lamp bar, the right linear CCD camera, the right battery and the right memory are all fixedly arranged in the right shell, and the right linear lighting lamp bar and the right linear camera are all arranged along the right, so that light of a right linear lighting lamp strip can be emitted through right transparent glass, a right linear CCD camera can collect optical information through the right transparent glass, the right linear CCD camera is respectively connected with a right battery and a right memory, the optical information collected by the right linear CCD camera can be sent to the right memory for storage, the right linear lighting lamp strip is connected with the right battery, the right battery respectively supplies power for the right linear CCD camera and the right linear lighting lamp strip, a right gathering part comprises a right ratchet wheel and a right power motor, the right ratchet wheel is vertically arranged at the front part of a right shell, the right power motor is fixed on the right shell, the right power motor is in transmission connection with a wheel shaft of the right ratchet wheel, the right power motor can drive the right ratchet wheel to rotate by the wheel shaft of the right ratchet wheel, the right clamping part comprises two right clamping gears and a right clamping conveyor belt, the two right clamping gears can be arranged at the lower part of the right, the right clamping conveyor belt is wound on the two right clamping gears to be fixed, the wheel shaft of one right clamping gear is in transmission connection with a right power motor, the right power motor can drive the right clamping gear to rotate, so that the right clamping conveyor belt rotates, the left sampling mechanism and the right sampling mechanism are arranged in parallel in the left-right direction, so that a ratchet space is formed between the left ratchet wheel and the right ratchet wheel, the width of the ratchet space is enough for wheat straws and wheat ears to pass through, when the left ratchet wheel and the right ratchet wheel rotate, the wheat ears in front of the left ratchet wheel and the right ratchet wheel can be drawn into the ratchet space, a detection space is formed between the right side surface of the left shell and the left side surface of the right shell, the detection space is connected with the ratchet space, a clamping space is formed between the left clamping conveyor belt and the right clamping conveyor belt, the right side of the left clamping conveyor belt extends out to the right side of the left shell, the width of the clamping space is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the wheat straw, the outer side surfaces of the left clamping conveying belt and the right clamping conveying belt are wrapped with elastic layers for elastically clamping the wheat straw, the left light-transmitting glass and the right light-transmitting glass are staggered, namely the left light-transmitting glass faces a light reflecting plate on the left side surface of the right shell, and the right light-transmitting glass faces a light reflecting plate on the right side surface of the left shell.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the height between the lower ends of the left clamping part and the right clamping part and the ground is 6cm-8cm, the height between the upper ends of the left clamping part and the right clamping part and the ground is 12cm-14cm, left transparent glass extends from the upper end of the left shell to the lower end of the left shell, right transparent glass extends from the upper end of the right shell to the lower end of the right shell, and the lengths of the left shell and the right shell are 70-110 cm.
The hanging frame comprises an upper hanging plate, a height adjusting rod, a lower hanging plate and an adjusting nut, the upper hanging plate is fixedly connected with a roller fixing plate, the lower end of the upper hanging plate is fixedly connected with the upper end of the height adjusting rod, a through hole is formed in the lower hanging plate, the height adjusting rod vertically penetrates through the through hole, the height adjusting rod is a vertical threaded rod, the adjusting nut is sleeved at the lower end of the height adjusting rod, the lower hanging plate is hung on the adjusting nut, the adjusting nut can rotate on the height adjusting rod, the height of the lower hanging plate is adjusted, and the lower hanging plate is fixedly connected with a left sampling mechanism and a right sampling mechanism.
The elastic layers wrapped on the outer side surfaces of the left clamping conveyor belt and the right clamping conveyor belt are made of rubber materials.
The left power motor is connected with the left battery and takes power from the left battery, the right power motor is connected with the right battery and takes power from the right battery, the roller driving motor acquires power through an external power supply line, and the roller driving motor is a stepping motor.
The support frame is a vertical rod and is distributed at two ends of the truss, the upper end of the support frame is fixedly connected with the truss, and the lower end of the support frame is provided with a pointed pile which can be inserted into the wheat field soil so as to fix the truss.
Foretell braced system is including strengthening the frame, strengthens the frame and includes a plurality of horizontal pole portion and montant portion, and horizontal pole portion both ends difference fixed connection is adjacent truss, montant portion upper end and horizontal pole portion intermediate position fixed connection, and montant portion lower end is provided with the closed angle stake, and this closed angle stake can insert in the wheat field soil to with adjacent truss reciprocal anchorage.
A method for detecting the disease index of wheat scab by a device for detecting the disease index of wheat scab comprises the following steps:
a, carrying out region division on a wheat field as required, dividing each region into at least one detection region, mounting a bracket system in each detection region, hoisting a wheat scab collector below a slide rail, and adjusting an adjusting nut to ensure that the lower end of the wheat scab collector is not higher than 8cm away from the ground; the upper ends of the left sampling part and the right sampling part are higher than all the wheat ears;
b, starting a roller driving motor to enable the wheat scab collector to move along a slide rail, enabling a left linear lighting lamp strip, a left linear CCD camera, a right linear lighting lamp strip, a right linear CCD camera, a left power motor and a right power motor to be started simultaneously, enabling a left ratchet wheel and a right ratchet wheel to roll the wheat in front of the two ratchet wheels into a ratchet space, enabling the middle part and the upper part of the wheat in the ratchet space to enter a detection space along with the advance of the wheat scab collector, enabling the lower part of the wheat to enter a clamping space, enabling a left clamping conveyor belt and a right clamping conveyor belt to be matched to clamp the wheat straw so as to prevent the wheat straw from lodging, enabling the left linear lighting lamp strip to irradiate the wheat ears and the wheat straw on the left half side of the wheat in the process that the wheat passes through the detection space, enabling the left linear CCD camera to collect optical information, storing the optical information into a left storage after adding a time, collecting optical information by a right linear CCD camera, storing the optical information to a right storage after attaching a time tag, and finishing wheat sample collection after the wheat scab collector moves to the other end of the slide rail along the slide rail;
c, exporting data of the left memory and the right memory, identifying and exporting images of wheat ears, wheat straws and wheat leaves in the data through image identification software, removing the images of the wheat straws and the wheat leaves, reserving the images of the wheat ears, corresponding the left images and the right images of the wheat ears one by one according to time labels, dividing the images of the wheat ears into a plurality of pixel areas, detecting the proportion of brown, yellow and pink pixel points in each pixel area, considering the pixel area as a gibberellic disease area if the proportion of the brown, yellow and pink pixel points exceeds a preset proportion, presetting a wheat scab disease index grade according to the proportion of the gibberellic disease area of the wheat ears in the wheat ear pixel area, then calculating the proportion of the gibberellic disease area of each wheat ear in the wheat ear pixel area, dividing each wheat ear into different wheat scab disease index grades, and dividing the number of the wheat ears in each wheat scab disease index grade by the total amount of the collected wheat ears, obtaining the disease index of wheat scab of the corresponding grade of the detection area;
d, moving the support system to a second detection area, hoisting the wheat scab collector below the slide rail, and adjusting an adjusting nut to ensure that the height of the lower end of the wheat scab collector from the ground is not higher than 8 cm; the upper ends of the left sampling part and the right sampling part are higher than all the wheat ears; repeating the step b and the step c to obtain the disease index of wheat scab of the corresponding grade of the second detection area; repeating the steps until the wheat scab disease indexes of the corresponding grades of all the detection areas are obtained, and taking the average number of the wheat scab disease indexes of the corresponding grades of all the detection areas as the wheat scab disease index of the corresponding grade of the wheat field.
Grading standard of wheat scab disease index: level 1: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas is less than 1/4 of the total wheat ear areas; and 2, stage: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for 1/4-1/2 of the total wheat ear areas; and 3, level: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for 1/2-3/4 of the total wheat ear areas; 4, level: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for more than 3/4 of the total wheat ear areas; and (c) collecting more than 500 wheat scab samples in each detection area, wherein in the step c, the number of the ear images is kept to be 500 by the image recognition software, the selection mode is random selection, and redundant ear images are discarded.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention designs a bracket system which is a bracket with a size close to that of a sampling area, and the bracket system is provided with a truss and a slide rail, wherein the truss is used as a framework, the slide rail is arranged in a snake shape, and a wheat scab collector can be hung on the slide rail to move.
2. The wheat scab collector comprises a left sampling part and a right sampling part, wherein the two sampling parts are respectively provided with a linear lighting lamp bar and a linear CCD camera for sampling, and can simultaneously collect images on two sides of one wheat ear so as to obtain complete information of one wheat ear.
3. The invention adopts the left and right sampling parts which both adopt the linear lighting lamp strips and the linear CCD cameras, and simultaneously, a detection space is arranged between the left and right sampling parts for carrying out optical sampling on wheat in the detection space, so that the front images of the wheat with the same length as the linear CCD cameras can be obtained, and the linear CCD cameras can obtain the front images with the length of more than 80 centimeters by taking the bottom height of the left and right sampling parts 12cm away from the ground and the top 100cm away from the ground as examples, thereby obtaining the wheat images with different heights, and solving the problem that part of the wheat is lower than the most of the wheat and can not be collected by the images because of being shielded.
4. In order to improve the sampling efficiency, the gathering part is arranged in front of the sampling part, and the wheat in front of the sampling part is gathered to the detection space and the clamping space by utilizing the ratchet wheel, so that the wheat image acquisition efficiency is improved.
5. The wheat straw detection device is provided with the clamping part, the lower part of the wheat straw is clamped by the clamping conveying belt, and the wheat straw is prevented from falling due to mutual collision of wheat leaves and wheat awns or friction with a shell of the sampling part in the detection process. The wheat clamped with the wheat straw has better stability and does not fall down, the amplitude and the frequency of the front and back shaking of the wheat ear can be reduced to a great extent, and the collection quality of the wheat image is improved.
6. The invention discloses a method for detecting the disease index of wheat scab, which can more scientifically and accurately reflect the real situation and provide powerful criteria for pesticide effect evaluation and plant protection equipment spraying quality evaluation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view D-D of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view E-E of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a left sampling mechanism;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a right sampling mechanism;
fig. 10 is a sectional view F-F of fig. 3.
The reference signs are: the rack system 1, a truss 11, a slide rail 12, a straight portion 12a, a turning portion 12b, a reinforcing frame 13, a support frame 14, a connecting rod 15, a traveling mechanism 2, a roller fixing plate 21, a traveling roller 22, a roller driving motor 23, a hanger 24, an upper hanger plate 24a, a height adjusting rod 24b, a lower hanger plate 24c, an adjusting nut 24d, a left sampling portion 3, a left housing 31, a left linear lighting lamp strip 32, a left linear CCD camera 33, a left battery 34, a left memory 35, a left transparent glass 36, a left gathering portion 4, a left ratchet wheel 41, a left power motor 42, a left clamping portion 5, a left clamping gear 51, a left clamping conveyor belt 52, a right sampling portion 6, a right housing 61, a right linear lighting lamp strip 62, a right linear CCD camera 63, a right battery 64, a right transparent glass 65, a right gathering portion 7, a right ratchet wheel 71, a right motor 72, a right clamping portion 8, a right clamping gear 81, a right power motor, A right grip conveyor belt 82, a ratchet space 3a, a detection space 3 b.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The device for detecting the disease index of wheat scab of the embodiment comprises: the wheat scab collector comprises a support system 1 arranged in a scab wheat field sampling area and a wheat scab collector, wherein the support system 1 comprises a truss 11, a slide rail 12, a support frame 14 and a connecting rod 15, the truss 11 is a plurality of horizontal hard rod-shaped structures which are arranged in parallel, two ends of the truss 11 respectively extend to the front end and the rear end of the scab wheat field sampling area, two ends of the truss 11 are fixed on the ground through the support frame 14, the slide rail 12 is a snake-shaped slide rail, the slide rail 12 is formed by connecting alternate straight parts 12a and turning parts 12b, the straight parts 12a are in one-to-one correspondence with the truss 11, the straight parts 12a are hung under the corresponding truss 11 through the connecting rod 15, the turning parts 12b are connected between two adjacent straight parts 12a, the wheat scab collector comprises a walking mechanism 2, a left sampling mechanism and a right sampling mechanism, the walking mechanism 2 comprises a roller fixing plate 21, The device comprises a walking roller 22, a roller driving motor 23 and a hanger 24, wherein the walking roller 22 is fixedly installed above a roller fixing plate 21, the walking roller 22 is positioned in a slide rail 12, the walking roller 22 can roll in the slide rail 12 so as to travel along the slide rail 12, the roller driving motor 23 is fixed on the roller fixing plate 21, the roller driving motor 23 is in transmission connection with the walking roller 22 and can drive the walking roller 22 to rotate, the upper end of the hanger 24 is fixedly connected with the roller fixing plate 21, the lower end of the hanger is fixedly connected with a left sampling mechanism and a right sampling mechanism respectively, the left sampling mechanism comprises a left sampling part 3, a left gathering part 4 and a left clamping part 5, the left sampling part 3 comprises a left shell 31, a left linear illuminating lamp bar 32, a left linear CCD camera 33, a left battery 34 and a left memory 35, the upper end of the left shell 31 is fixedly connected with the hanger 24, the right side surface of, a vertical bar-shaped collection groove is formed in the right side surface of the left shell 31, a left transparent glass 36 is installed in the collection groove, the left linear lighting lamp bar 32, the left linear CCD camera 33, the left battery 34 and the left memory 35 are all fixedly installed in the left shell 31, the left linear lighting lamp bar 32 and the left linear CCD camera 33 are all installed along the left transparent glass 36, so that the light of the left linear lighting lamp bar 32 can be emitted through the left transparent glass 36, the left linear CCD camera 33 can collect optical information through the left transparent glass 36, the left linear CCD camera 33 is respectively connected with the left battery 34 and the left memory 35, the optical information collected by the left linear CCD camera 33 can be sent to the left memory 35 for storage, the left linear lighting lamp bar 32 is connected with the left battery 34, the left battery 34 respectively supplies power to the left linear CCD camera 33 and the left linear lighting lamp bar 32, the left convergence part 4 comprises a left ratchet wheel 41 and a left power motor 42, the left ratchet wheel 41 is vertically arranged at the front part of the left shell 31, the left power motor 42 is fixed on the left shell 31, the left power motor 42 is in transmission connection with a wheel shaft of the left ratchet wheel 41, the left power motor 42 can drive the left ratchet wheel 41 to rotate by the wheel shaft of the left ratchet wheel, the left clamping part 5 comprises two left clamping gears 51 and a left clamping conveyor belt 52, the two left clamping gears 51 can rotate around the wheel shaft of the left ratchet wheel in tandem and are arranged at the lower part of the left shell 31, the left clamping conveyor belt 52 is fixed by winding the two left clamping gears 51, the wheel shaft of one left clamping gear 51 is in transmission connection with the left power motor 42, the left power motor 42 can drive the left clamping gear 51 to rotate, so that the left clamping conveyor belt 52 rotates, the right sampling mechanism comprises a right sampling part 6, a right gathering part 7 and a right clamping part 8, the right sampling part 6 comprises a right shell 61, a right linear lighting 62, a right battery 64 and a right memory, the upper end of the right housing 61 is fixedly connected with the hanger 24, the left side surface of the right housing 61 is made of a reflective plate, a vertical strip-shaped collection groove is formed on the left side surface of the right housing 61, a right transparent glass 65 is installed in the collection groove, the right linear lighting lamp strip 62, the right linear CCD camera 63, the right battery 64 and the right memory are all fixedly installed in the right housing 61, and the right linear lighting lamp strip 62 and the right linear CCD camera 63 are installed along the right transparent glass 65, so that the light of the right linear lighting lamp strip 62 can be emitted through the right transparent glass 65, the right linear CCD camera 63 can collect optical information through the right transparent glass 65, the right linear CCD camera 63 is respectively connected with the right battery 64 and the right memory, the optical information collected by the right linear CCD camera 63 can be sent to the right memory for storage, the right linear lighting lamp strip 62 is connected with the right battery 64, the right side battery 64 respectively supplies power for the right linear CCD camera 63 and the right linear lighting lamp strip 62, the right gathering part 7 comprises a right ratchet wheel 71 and a right power motor 72, the right ratchet wheel 71 is vertically arranged in the front part of the right shell 61, the right power motor 72 is fixed on the right shell 61, the right power motor 72 is in transmission connection with the wheel shaft of the right ratchet wheel 71, the right power motor 72 can drive the right ratchet wheel 71 to rotate by the wheel shaft of the right ratchet wheel, the right clamping part 8 comprises two right clamping gears 81 and a right clamping conveyor belt 82, the two right clamping gears 81 can rotate around the wheel shaft of the right shell 61 in tandem, the right clamping conveyor belt 82 is fixed around the two right clamping gears 81, the wheel shaft of one right clamping gear 81 is in transmission connection with the right power motor 72, the right power motor 72 can drive the right clamping gear 81 to rotate, so that the right clamping conveyor belt 82 rotates, the left sampling mechanism and the right sampling mechanism are arranged in parallel left and right, so that a ratchet space 3a is formed between the left ratchet wheel 41 and the right ratchet wheel 71, the width of the ratchet space 3a is enough for wheat straw and wheat ears to pass through, when the left ratchet wheel 41 and the right ratchet wheel 71 rotate, the wheat ears in front of the left ratchet wheel 41 and the right ratchet wheel 71 can be rolled into the ratchet space 3a, a detection space 3b is formed between the right side surface of the left shell 31 and the left side surface of the right shell 61, the detection space 3b is connected with the ratchet space 3a, a clamping space is formed between the left clamping conveyor belt 52 and the right clamping conveyor belt 82, the right side of the left clamping conveyor belt 52 extends out to the right side of the left shell 31, the left side of the right clamping conveyor belt 82 extends out to the left side of the right shell 61, the width of the clamping space is smaller than that of the detection space 3b, the width of the clamping space is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the wheat straw, the outer, the left transparent glass 36 and the right transparent glass 65 are staggered, that is, the left transparent glass 36 faces the reflector on the left side of the right housing 61, and the right transparent glass 65 faces the reflector on the right side of the left housing 31.
The height from the lower ends of the left clamping part 5 and the right clamping part 8 to the ground is 6cm-8cm, the height from the upper ends of the left clamping part 5 and the right clamping part 8 to the ground is 12cm-14cm, the left transparent glass 36 extends from the upper end of the left shell 31 to the lower end of the left shell 31, the right transparent glass 65 extends from the upper end of the right shell 61 to the lower end of the right shell 61, and the lengths of the left shell 31 and the right shell 61 are 70-110 cm.
The hanger 24 comprises an upper hanger plate 24a, a height adjusting rod 24b, a lower hanger plate 24c and an adjusting nut 24d, the upper hanger plate 24a is fixedly connected with the roller fixing plate 21, the lower end of the upper hanger plate 24a is fixedly connected with the upper end of the height adjusting rod 24b, a through hole is arranged on the lower hanger plate 24c, the height adjusting rod 24b vertically penetrates through the through hole, the height adjusting rod 24b is a vertical threaded rod, the adjusting nut 24d is sleeved at the lower end of the height adjusting rod 24b, the lower hanger plate 24c is hung on the adjusting nut 24d, the adjusting nut 24d can rotate on the height adjusting rod 24b, the height of the lower hanger plate 24c is adjusted, and the lower hanger plate 24c is fixedly connected with the left sampling mechanism and the right sampling mechanism.
The elastic layer wrapped on the outer side surfaces of the left clamping conveyor belt 52 and the right clamping conveyor belt 82 is made of rubber materials.
The left power motor 42 is connected to the left battery 34 and draws power from the left battery 34, the right power motor 72 is connected to the right battery 64 and draws power from the right battery 64, the roller drive motor 23 draws power through an external power line, and the roller drive motor 23 is a stepper motor.
The supporting frames 14 are vertical rods and are distributed at two ends of the truss 11, the upper end of each supporting frame 14 is fixedly connected with the truss 11, and the lower end of each supporting frame 14 is provided with a pointed pile which can be inserted into the wheat field soil so as to fix the truss 11.
The support system 1 comprises a reinforcing frame 13, the reinforcing frame 13 comprises a plurality of transverse rod parts and vertical rod parts, two ends of each transverse rod part are fixedly connected with the adjacent trusses 11 respectively, the upper ends of the vertical rod parts are fixedly connected with the middle positions of the transverse rod parts, the lower ends of the vertical rod parts are provided with sharp corner piles, and the sharp corner piles can be inserted into the wheat field soil so as to mutually fix the adjacent trusses 11.
A method for detecting the disease index of wheat scab by a device for detecting the disease index of wheat scab comprises the following steps:
a, carrying out region division on a wheat field as required, dividing at least one detection region in each region, installing a bracket system 1 in each detection region, hoisting a wheat scab collector below a slide rail 12, and adjusting an adjusting nut 24d to ensure that the lower end of the wheat scab collector is not higher than 8cm away from the ground; the upper ends of the left sampling part 3 and the right sampling part 6 are higher than all the wheat ears;
step b, starting a roller driving motor 23 to enable the wheat scab collector to move along the slide rail 12, simultaneously starting a left linear lighting lamp strip 32, a left linear CCD camera 33, a right linear lighting lamp strip 62, a right linear CCD camera 63, a left power motor 42 and a right power motor 72, enabling a left ratchet wheel 41 and a right ratchet wheel 71 to roll the wheat in front of the two ratchet wheels into a ratchet space 3a, enabling the middle part and the upper part of the wheat in the ratchet space 3a to enter a detection space 3b along with the advance of the wheat scab collector, enabling the lower part of the wheat to enter a clamping space, enabling a left clamping conveyor belt 52 and a right clamping conveyor belt 82 to clamp the wheat straw in a matching way to prevent the wheat straw from falling down, enabling the wheat to pass through the detection space 3b, enabling the left linear lighting lamp strip 32 to irradiate the wheat ear and the wheat straw on the left half side of the wheat, enabling the left linear CCD camera 33 to collect optical information, the right linear lighting lamp bar 62 irradiates the ear and the stalk on the half side of the wheat, the right linear CCD camera 63 collects optical information, the optical information is added with a time tag and then stored in the right memory, and after the wheat scab collector moves to the other end of the slide rail 12 along the slide rail 12, the collection of a wheat sample is finished;
c, exporting the data of the left memory 35 and the right memory, identifying and exporting images of wheat ears, wheat straws and wheat leaves in the data through image identification software, removing the images of the wheat straws and the wheat leaves, reserving the images of the wheat ears, corresponding the left images and the right images of the wheat ears one by one according to time labels, dividing the images of the wheat ears into a plurality of pixel areas, detecting the proportion of brown, yellow and pink pixel points in each pixel area, considering the pixel area as a gibberellic disease area if the proportion of the brown, yellow and pink pixel points exceeds a preset proportion, presetting a wheat scab disease index grade according to the proportion of the gibberellic disease area of the wheat ears in the wheat ear pixel area, then calculating the proportion of the gibberellic disease area of each wheat ear in the wheat ear pixel area, dividing each wheat ear into different wheat scab disease index grades, and dividing the number of the wheat ears in each wheat scab disease index grade by the total amount of the collected wheat ears, obtaining the disease index of wheat scab of the corresponding grade of the detection area;
step d, moving the bracket system 1 to a second detection area, hoisting the wheat scab collector below the slide rail 12, and adjusting an adjusting nut 24d to ensure that the height of the lower end of the wheat scab collector away from the ground is not higher than 8 cm; the upper ends of the left sampling part 3 and the right sampling part 6 are higher than all the wheat ears; repeating the step b and the step c to obtain the disease index of wheat scab of the corresponding grade of the second detection area; repeating the steps until the wheat scab disease indexes of the corresponding grades of all the detection areas are obtained, and taking the average number of the wheat scab disease indexes of the corresponding grades of all the detection areas as the wheat scab disease index of the corresponding grade of the wheat field.
Grading standard of wheat scab disease index: level 1: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas is less than 1/4 of the total wheat ear areas; and 2, stage: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for 1/4-1/2 of the total wheat ear areas; and 3, level: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for 1/2-3/4 of the total wheat ear areas; 4, level: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for more than 3/4 of the total wheat ear areas; and (c) collecting more than 500 wheat scab samples in each detection area, wherein in the step c, the number of the ear images is kept to be 500 by the image recognition software, the selection mode is random selection, and redundant ear images are discarded.
In the present invention, the left power motor 42 is fixed on the left housing 31, as shown in fig. 4, the left power motor 42 is further fixedly connected with the hanger 24 by bolts, the transmission shaft of the left power motor 42 is connected with a left vertical shaft, the vertical shaft vertically penetrates through the left housing 31, a set of transmission belt structures are sleeved at the upper end and the lower end of the left vertical shaft, the transmission belt structures are used for connecting the left ratchet wheel 41 with the left vertical shaft in a transmission manner, when the transmission shaft of the left power motor 42 rotates, the left ratchet wheel 41 can rotate along with the left vertical shaft, the left vertical shaft also passes through the axle center of one of the left clamping gears 51 and is engaged with the left clamping gear 51, when the transmission shaft of the left power motor 42 rotates, the left clamping gear 51 can rotate along with the left ratchet wheel 41 and the left clamping portion 5, therefore, only one left power motor 42 is used for the left ratchet wheel 41 and the left clamping portion 5, the right ratchet wheel 71 and the right clamping part 8 share one right power motor 72. The left ratchet wheel 41 and the right ratchet wheel 71 are both connected with the corresponding sampling part shell in a rotatable and fixed mode through a clamping rod, and as can be seen from fig. 4 and 7, the front end of the clamping rod is sleeved on the ratchet wheels, shafts at the corresponding positions of the ratchet wheels are provided with recesses, and the clamping rods are clamped in the recesses, so that the ratchet wheels are fixed in the vertical direction and can rotate around the clamping rods relatively. The structure of the sliding rail 12 of the present invention is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the sliding rail 12 has a serpentine structure.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A device for detecting the disease index of wheat scab is characterized in that: including setting up mounting system (1) and the wheat scab collector in gibberellic disease wheat field sampling area, wherein, mounting system (1) including truss (11), slide rail (12), support frame (14) and connecting rod (15), truss (11) be a plurality of horizontal stereoplasm shaft structure of parallel arrangement each other, truss (11) both ends extend to the front end and the rear end in gibberellic disease wheat field sampling area respectively, the both ends of truss (11) are fixed subaerial through support frame (14), slide rail (12) be snakelike slide rail, slide rail (12) are formed by connecting alternative craspedodrome part (12a) and turn part (12b), craspedodrome part (12a) and truss (11) one-to-one, craspedodrome part (12a) are hung under corresponding truss (11) through connecting rod (15), turn part (12b) connect between two adjacent craspedodrome parts (12a), the wheat scab collector comprises a travelling mechanism (2), a left sampling mechanism and a right sampling mechanism, wherein the travelling mechanism (2) comprises a roller fixing plate (21), a travelling roller (22), a roller driving motor (23) and a hanging bracket (24), the travelling roller (22) is fixedly arranged above the roller fixing plate (21), the travelling roller (22) is positioned in a sliding rail (12), the travelling roller (22) can roll in the sliding rail (12) so as to advance along the sliding rail (12), the roller driving motor (23) is fixed on the roller fixing plate (21), the roller driving motor (23) is in transmission connection with the travelling roller (22) and can drive the travelling roller (22) to rotate, the upper end of the hanging bracket (24) is fixedly connected with the roller fixing plate (21), and the lower end is respectively fixedly connected with the left sampling mechanism and the right sampling mechanism, the left sampling mechanism comprises a left sampling part (3), a left gathering part (4) and a left clamping part (5), the left sampling part (3) comprises a left shell (31), a left linear illuminating lamp strip (32), a left linear CCD camera (33), a left battery (34) and a left memory (35), the upper end of the left shell (31) is fixedly connected with a hanger (24), the right side surface of the left shell (31) is made of a reflecting plate, a vertical strip-shaped collecting groove is formed in the right side surface of the left shell (31), left transparent glass (36) is installed in the collecting groove, the left linear illuminating lamp strip (32), the left linear CCD camera (33), the left battery (34) and the left memory (35) are all fixedly installed in the left shell (31), and the left linear illuminating lamp strip (32) and the left linear CCD camera (33) are all installed along the left transparent glass (36), so that light of the left linear lighting lamp strip (32) can be emitted out through the left transparent glass (36), the left linear CCD camera (33) can collect optical information through the left transparent glass (36), the left linear CCD camera (33) is respectively connected with the left battery (34) and the left memory (35), the optical information collected by the left linear CCD camera (33) can be sent to the left memory (35) for storage, the left linear lighting lamp strip (32) is connected with the left battery (34), the left battery (34) respectively supplies power for the left linear CCD camera (33) and the left linear lighting lamp strip (32), the left gathering part (4) comprises a left ratchet wheel (41) and a left power motor (42), the left ratchet wheel (41) is vertically arranged at the front part of the left shell (31), the left power motor (42) is fixed on the left shell (31), and the left motor (42) is connected with a wheel shaft of the left ratchet wheel (41), the left power motor (42) can drive the left ratchet wheel (41) to rotate by the self wheel shaft, the left clamping part (5) comprises two left clamping gears (51) and a left clamping conveyor belt (52), the two left clamping gears (51) can be arranged on the lower part of the left shell (31) in a tandem manner around the self wheel shaft, the left clamping conveyor belt (52) is fixed on the two left clamping gears (51), the wheel shaft of one left clamping gear (51) is in transmission connection with the left power motor (42), the left power motor (42) can drive the left clamping gear (51) to rotate, so that the left clamping conveyor belt (52) rotates, the right sampling mechanism comprises a right sampling part (6), a right gathering part (7) and a right clamping part (8), the right sampling part (6) comprises a right shell (61), a right linear lighting lamp strip (62), a right linear CCD camera (63), The right linear lighting lamp strip (62), the right linear CCD camera (63), the right battery (64) and the right memory are fixedly arranged in the right shell (61), the right linear lighting lamp strip (62) and the right linear CCD camera (63) are arranged along the right transparent glass (65), light of the right linear lighting lamp strip (62) can be emitted out through the right transparent glass (65), the right linear CCD camera (63) can collect optical information through the right transparent glass (65), and the right linear CCD camera (63) is respectively connected with the right battery (64) and the right memory, optical information collected by a right linear CCD camera (63) can be sent to a right memory for storage, the right linear lighting lamp strip (62) is connected with a right battery (64), the right battery (64) respectively supplies power for the right linear CCD camera (63) and the right linear lighting lamp strip (62), a right gathering part (7) comprises a right ratchet wheel (71) and a right power motor (72), the right ratchet wheel (71) is vertically arranged in the front of a right shell (61), the right power motor (72) is fixed on the right shell (61), the right power motor (72) is in transmission connection with a wheel shaft of the right ratchet wheel (71), the right power motor (72) can drive the right ratchet wheel (71) to rotate by the wheel shaft, the right clamping part (8) comprises two right clamping gears (81) and a right clamping conveyor belt (82), the two right clamping gears (81) can rotate around the wheel shaft in front and back and are arranged on the lower part of the right shell (61), the right clamping conveyor belt (82) is wound on two right clamping gears (81) to be fixed, the wheel shaft of one right clamping gear (81) is in transmission connection with a right power motor (72), the right power motor (72) can drive the right clamping gear (81) to rotate so as to enable the right clamping conveyor belt (82) to rotate, the left sampling mechanism and the right sampling mechanism are arranged in parallel from left to right, a ratchet space (3a) is formed between the left ratchet wheel (41) and the right ratchet wheel (71), the width of the ratchet space (3a) is enough for wheat straws and wheat ears to pass through, when the left ratchet wheel (41) and the right ratchet wheel (71) rotate, the wheat ears in front of the left ratchet wheel (41) and the right ratchet wheel (71) can be rolled into the ratchet space (3a), a detection space (3b) is formed between the right side surface of the left shell (31) and the left side surface of the right shell (61), and the detection space (3b) is connected with the ratchet space (3a), form the centre gripping space between left centre gripping conveyer belt (52) and right centre gripping conveyer belt (82), the right side of left centre gripping conveyer belt (52) stretch out to left casing (31) right side, the left side of right centre gripping conveyer belt (82) stretches out to right casing (61) left side for the width in centre gripping space is less than the width that detects space (3b), the width in centre gripping space equal to or be less than the straw diameter, the lateral surface of left centre gripping conveyer belt (52) and right centre gripping conveyer belt (82) all wrapped up in the elastic layer for elasticity centre gripping straw, left printing opacity glass (36) and right printing opacity glass (65) stagger each other, and left printing opacity glass (36) are facing the reflector panel of right casing (61) left surface promptly, and right printing opacity glass (65) are facing the reflector panel of left casing (31) right surface.
2. The apparatus for detecting wheat scab disease index as set forth in claim 1, wherein: left clamping part (5) and right clamping part (8) lower extreme apart from ground height be 6cm-8cm, left clamping part (5) and right clamping part (8) upper end apart from ground height be 12cm-14cm, left printing opacity glass (36) extend to left casing (31) lower extreme from left casing (31) upper end, right printing opacity glass (65) extend to right casing (61) lower extreme from right casing (61) upper end, the length of left casing (31) and right casing (61) be 70-110 cm.
3. The apparatus for detecting wheat scab disease index as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the lifting frame (24) comprises an upper lifting plate (24a), a height adjusting rod (24b), a lower lifting plate (24c) and an adjusting nut (24d), the upper lifting plate (24a) is fixedly connected with the roller fixing plate (21), the lower end of the upper lifting plate (24a) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the height adjusting rod (24b), a through hole is formed in the lower lifting plate (24c), the height adjusting rod (24b) vertically penetrates through the through hole, the height adjusting rod (24b) is a vertical threaded rod, the adjusting nut (24d) is sleeved at the lower end of the height adjusting rod (24b), the lower lifting plate (24c) is hung on the adjusting nut (24d), the adjusting nut (24d) can rotate on the height adjusting rod (24b), so that the height of the lower lifting plate (24c) is adjusted, and the lower lifting plate (24c) is fixedly connected with the left sampling mechanism and the right sampling mechanism.
4. The apparatus for detecting wheat scab disease index as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the elastic layers wrapped on the outer side surfaces of the left clamping conveyor belt (52) and the right clamping conveyor belt (82) are made of rubber materials.
5. The apparatus for detecting wheat scab disease index as set forth in claim 4, wherein: left side power motor (42) be connected with left side battery (34) to get the electricity from left side battery (34), right side power motor (72) be connected with right side battery (64) to get the electricity from right side battery (64), gyro wheel driving motor (23) acquire electric power through external power supply line, gyro wheel driving motor (23) are step motor.
6. The apparatus for detecting wheat scab disease index as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the support frame (14) be vertical pole, distribute in truss (11) both ends, support frame (14) upper end and truss (11) fixed connection, support frame (14) lower extreme is provided with the pointed head stake, this pointed head stake can insert in the wheat field soil to it is fixed with truss (11).
7. The apparatus for detecting wheat scab disease index as set forth in claim 6, wherein: support system (1) including strengthening frame (13), strengthening frame (13) include a plurality of horizontal pole portion and montant portion, horizontal pole portion both ends respectively adjacent truss (11) of fixed connection, montant portion upper end and horizontal pole portion intermediate position fixed connection, montant portion lower extreme is provided with the closed angle stake, this closed angle stake can insert in the wheat field soil to with adjacent truss (11) reciprocal anchorage.
8. The method for detecting the disease index of wheat scab by using the device for detecting the disease index of wheat scab, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a, carrying out region division on a wheat field as required, dividing each region into at least one detection region, mounting a bracket system (1) in the detection region, hoisting a wheat scab collector below a slide rail (12), and adjusting an adjusting nut (24d) to ensure that the height of the lower end of the wheat scab collector from the ground is not higher than 8 cm; the upper ends of the left sampling part (3) and the right sampling part (6) are higher than all the wheat ears;
b, starting a roller driving motor (23), enabling the wheat scab collector to move along a sliding rail (12), simultaneously starting a left linear lighting lamp bar (32), a left linear CCD camera (33), a right linear lighting lamp bar (62), a right linear CCD camera (63), a left power motor (42) and a right power motor (72), enabling a left ratchet wheel (41) and a right ratchet wheel (71) to roll the wheat in front of the two ratchet wheels into a ratchet space (3a), enabling the middle part and the upper part of the wheat in the ratchet space (3a) to enter a detection space (3b) along with the advance of the wheat scab collector, enabling the lower part of the wheat to enter a clamping space, enabling a left clamping conveyor belt (52) and a right clamping conveyor belt (82) to clamp the wheat straw in a matching manner, enabling the wheat straw not to fall down, and enabling the wheat to irradiate wheat ears and the wheat straw on the left half side of the wheat in the process that the wheat passes through the detection space, optical information is collected by a left linear CCD camera (33), the optical information is stored in a left storage device (35) after a time tag is added, the right linear lighting lamp bar (62) irradiates the ear and the straw on the right side of the wheat, the optical information is collected by a right linear CCD camera (63), the optical information is stored in a right storage device after the time tag is added, and the wheat scab collector moves to the other end of the slide rail (12) along the slide rail (12), so that the wheat sample collection is finished;
c, exporting the data of the left memory (35) and the right memory, identifying the images of the wheat ears, the wheat straws and the wheat leaves in the exported data through image identification software, removing the images of the wheat straws and the wheat leaves, reserving the images of the wheat ears, corresponding the left images and the right images of the wheat ears one by one according to time labels, dividing the images of the wheat ears into a plurality of pixel areas, detecting the proportions of brown, yellow and pink pixel points in each pixel area, considering the pixel areas as gibberellic disease areas if the proportions of the brown, yellow and pink pixel points exceed a preset proportion, presetting a wheat scab disease index grade according to the proportion of the gibberellic disease areas of the wheat ears in the wheat ear pixel areas, then calculating the proportion of the gibberellic disease areas of each wheat ear in the wheat ear pixel areas, and classifying each wheat ear into different wheat scab disease index grades, dividing the number of the wheat ears in each grade of the wheat scab disease index by the total amount of the collected wheat ears to obtain the wheat scab disease index of the corresponding grade of the detection area;
d, moving the bracket system (1) to a second detection area, hoisting the wheat scab collector below the slide rail (12), and adjusting an adjusting nut (24d) to ensure that the height of the lower end of the wheat scab collector away from the ground is not higher than 8 cm; the upper ends of the left sampling part (3) and the right sampling part (6) are higher than all the wheat ears; repeating the step b and the step c to obtain the disease index of wheat scab of the corresponding grade of the second detection area; repeating the steps until the wheat scab disease indexes of the corresponding grades of all the detection areas are obtained, and taking the average number of the wheat scab disease indexes of the corresponding grades of all the detection areas as the wheat scab disease index of the corresponding grade of the wheat field.
9. The method for detecting the disease index of wheat scab as claimed in claim 8, wherein: grading standard of wheat scab disease index: level 1: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas is less than 1/4 of the total wheat ear areas; and 2, stage: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for 1/4-1/2 of the total wheat ear areas; and 3, level: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for 1/2-3/4 of the total wheat ear areas; 4, level: the number of the gibberellic disease wheat ear areas accounts for more than 3/4 of the total wheat ear areas; and (c) collecting more than 500 wheat scab samples in each detection area, wherein in the step c, the number of the ear images is kept to be 500 by the image recognition software, the selection mode is random selection, and redundant ear images are discarded.
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