CN110697800A - Preparation method of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles, which is characterized in that tetrabutyl titanate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate and lithium acetate are used as main raw materials, a proper amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone macromolecules are added as an adhesive, and an electrostatic spinning product is prepared by utilizing an electrostatic spinning technology under a high voltage condition; and then sintering the electrostatic spinning product in a muffle furnace in the air atmosphere to obtain the nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles. The nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles prepared by the method have good electrochemical performance as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery, are simple to operate and low in equipment investment in the whole preparation process, and are suitable for batch production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material chemistry, and particularly relates to a preparation method of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles.
Background
The nano material is a material which has at least one dimension in a nano scale range (1-100 nm) in a three-dimensional space or is formed by taking a nano structure as a basic unit. The nano material has special effects such as small-size effect, quantum effect, surface effect and the like, and has wide application prospects in the aspects of sintering, catalysis, sensing and the like of optical materials, electronic materials, magnetic materials and high-strength and high-density materials due to the characteristics, so that the nano material is not only applied to daily life of people, but also applied to aerospace industry in China. The synthesis method of the one-dimensional nano material mainly comprises an electrostatic spinning method, a hydrothermal method, a chemical vapor deposition method and the like, wherein the electrostatic spinning technology is the simplest and most effective method for preparing continuous nano fibers, the nano fibers have the characteristics of large length-diameter ratio, high porosity and the like, and are widely applied to the research of novel multifunctional nano materials.
At present, the commonly used energy storage and conversion devices mainly comprise nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lead-acid storage batteries, lithium ion batteries and the like. Among them, because the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, high specific energy, light weight, environmental protection, small self-discharge, no memory effect, long service life and the like, and is receiving much attention, people have made a lot of researches on the lithium ion battery, and the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the daily life of human beings, and is small in the daily necessities of mobile phones, computers, cameras and the like, and is large in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, artificial satellites, military communication equipment and the like.
In recent years, spinel-type LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Has attracted the wide attention of scientists due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, high discharge voltage, and the like. In order to improve the LiNi of spinel material0.5Mn1.5O4In the electrochemical performance of the alloy, scientists have taken measures, and one improvement is to replace part of nickel or manganese with other transition metal elements. T.A.Arunkumar et al explored the substitution of chromium for LiNi at various contents0.5Mn1.5O4The electrochemical performance of the nickel in the alloy is different, when the optimal doping ratio of chromium element is 0.1,i.e. the molecular formula is LiMn1.45Ni0.45Cr0.1O4The performance is best improved, and the cycling performance at higher current rates is also improved (Electrochimica Acta,2005,50: 5568-. Y.K.Sun et al studied the doping of zinc elements of different contents on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Effect of Performance (electrochemistry communications,2002,4: 344-. Doping other elements such as Li, Mg, Fe and Co to LiNi has also been studied0.5Mn1.5O4The influence of the performance aims to enhance the structural stability and improve the electrochemical performance. Gryffroy et al prepared spinel-type LiNi by a solution-triggered process0.5Mn1.2Ti0.3O4Compounds were studied for their structure and magnetism (Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1992,53(6), 717-784). G.Q.Liu et al successfully prepared LiNi of cubic spinel type with space group Fd3m by substituting titanium element for part of manganese element by sol-gel method0.5Mn1.2Ti0.3O4Nanoparticles (Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,484:567--1The capacity is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles by combining an electrostatic spinning technology with a high-temperature sintering technology aiming at the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles comprises the following steps of using tetrabutyl titanate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate, manganese acetate tetrahydrate and lithium acetate as main raw materials by an electrostatic spinning technology, adding a proper amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone macromolecules as an adhesive, carrying out magnetic stirring for a period of time to obtain a spinning precursor solution, preparing an electrostatic spinning product by the electrostatic spinning technology under a high voltage condition, and then sintering in a muffle furnace under an air atmosphere to obtain the nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of manganese acetate tetrahydrate (MnC)4H6O4·4H2O), nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NiC)4H6O4·4H2O) and a proper amount of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) are magnetically stirred for 1 hour until the solution is transparent and clear to obtain a solution A;
(2) adding a certain amount of lithium acetate and tetrabutyl titanate (C) into the beaker B16H36O4Ti), absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid, and stirring for 1h by magnetic force until the solution is transparent and clear to obtain a solution B;
(3) slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, stirring for 1h to completely mix the A, B solution, adding a proper amount of PVP (K-120, polyvinylpyrrolidone), and stirring for 10h to form a clear and transparent spinning precursor solution C;
(4) filling the clear and transparent spinning precursor solution C into a 10mL injector, wherein the distance between a needle head and a receiver is 15-20 cm under the voltage of 14-19 kV, and the advancing speed is 1.1mL h-1Carrying out electrostatic spinning at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain an electrostatic spinning product;
(5) transferring the electrostatic spinning product into a muffle furnace, firstly preserving heat for 200min at 200 ℃, then raising the temperature for 180min, preserving heat for 200min at 650-850 ℃, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles;
the molar ratio of lithium, nickel, manganese and titanium in the precursor liquid is 1: 0.5: 1.2: 0.3;
the ratio of the amount of titanium to the amount of PVP in the precursor solution is 0.3 mmol: 1.6 g;
the chemical formula of the nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate is LiNi0.5Mn1.2Ti0.3O4;
The solvents, reagents or raw materials for the reaction are all chemically pure.
The nano-particles prepared by the invention are used as the cathode material of the lithium ion battery at 100mA g-1The charging and discharging cycle is carried out for 120 times under the current density, and the discharging specific capacity of the lithium ion battery can be ensuredSustained at 103 mAh.g-1Above that, the coulombic efficiency can be maintained at 99.8%.
Compared with the prior art, the nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles prepared by adopting the electrostatic spinning technology and the high-temperature sintering technology have the characteristics that:
(1) the prepared nano particles are uniform in size, small in particle size of about 200-300 nm, large in specific surface area, high in electrochemical activity and high in structural stability;
(2) the nano particles prepared by the invention are used as the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery at 100mA g-1The discharge specific capacity can be maintained at 103mAh g after 120 times of charge-discharge cycles under the current density-1Above, the coulombic efficiency can be kept at 99.8%, and compared with the existing documents, the reversible cycle performance and the specific capacity are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) diagram of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles prepared by the method;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles prepared by the method;
FIG. 3 shows that the nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles prepared by the present invention are used as the negative electrode material of lithium ion battery at 100mA g-1Charge-discharge cycling at current density and coulombic efficiency plots.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
Example 1
5.0mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was added to the A beaker, and 0.5mmoL (0.125g) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NiC) was added4H6O4·4H2O) and 1.2mmoL (0.294g) manganese acetate tetrahydrate (MnC)4H6O4·4H2O) stirring for 1h until the two are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; 1.0mmoL (0.066g) of lithium acetate (C) was added to each beaker of B2H3LiO2) 0.102mL (0.3mmol) of tetrabutyl titanate (C)16H36O4Ti), 5.0mL of glacial acetic acid and 5.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, and stirring the mixture for 1h, completely dissolving lithium acetate to obtain a solution B; slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, stirring for 1h to completely mix the A, B solution, adding 1.60g of PVP (K-120, polyvinylpyrrolidone), and stirring for 10h to form a clear and transparent spinning precursor solution C; the clear spinning precursor solution C was loaded into a 10mL syringe at a receiving distance of 15cm between the needle and the receiver and 1.1mL h at 14kV-1The propelling flow rate of (2) is at 35 ℃ for electrostatic spinning; placing the obtained electrostatic spinning product in a muffle furnace, preserving heat for 200min at 200 ℃, then rising to 750 ℃ for 200min after 180min, preserving heat, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticle sample; subjecting the obtained sample to X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) test (FIG. 1); observing the appearance of a sample by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to be hexahedron type, wherein the particles are uniform and have the particle size of 200-300 nm (figure 2); at a current density of 100mA g-1The specific discharge capacity can be maintained at 103mAh g after 120 times of charge-discharge circulation-1Above that, the coulombic efficiency can be maintained at 99.8% (fig. 3).
Example 2
5.0mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was added to the A beaker, and 1.0mmoL (0.249g) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NiC) was added4H6O4·4H2O) and 2.4mmoL (0.588g) manganese acetate tetrahydrate (MnC)4H6O4·4H2O) stirring for 1h until the two are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; respectively adding 2.0mmoL (0.132g) of lithium acetate (C) into the beaker B2H3LiO2) 0.204mL (0.6mmol) of tetrabutyl titanate (C)16H36O4Ti), 5.0mL of glacial acetic acid and 5.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol are stirred for 1 hour to completely dissolve lithium acetate to obtain a solution B; slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, stirring for 1h to completely mix the A, B solution, adding 3.20g of PVP (K-120, polyvinylpyrrolidone), and stirring for 10h to form a clear and transparent spinning precursor solution C; the clear spinning precursor solution C was loaded into a 10mL syringe at a receiving distance of 20cm between the needle and the receiver and 1.1mL h at 19kV-1The propelling flow rate of (2) is at 35 ℃ for electrostatic spinning; placing the obtained electrostatic spinning product in a muffleKeeping the temperature of the furnace for 200min at 200 ℃, then rising to 650 ℃ for 200min after 180min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticle sample; subjecting the obtained sample to X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) test; observing the appearance of the sample by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); the samples were tested for electrochemical performance using a blue system.
Example 3
5.0mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was added to the A beaker, and 1.0mmoL (0.249g) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NiC) was added4H6O4·4H2O) and 2.4mmoL (0.588g) manganese acetate tetrahydrate (MnC)4H6O4·4H2O) stirring for 1h until the two are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; respectively adding 2.0mmoL (0.132g) of lithium acetate (C) into the beaker B2H3LiO2) 0.204mL (0.6mmol) of tetrabutyl titanate (C)16H36O4Ti), 5.0mL of glacial acetic acid and 5.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol are stirred for 1 hour to completely dissolve lithium acetate to obtain a solution B; slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, stirring for 1h to completely mix the A, B solution, adding 3.20g of PVP (K-120, polyvinylpyrrolidone), and stirring for 10h to form a clear and transparent spinning precursor solution C; the clear spinning precursor solution C was loaded into a 10mL syringe at 17kV receiving distance of 18cm between the needle and the receiver and 1.1mL h-1The propelling flow rate of (2) is at 35 ℃ for electrostatic spinning; placing the obtained electrostatic spinning product in a muffle furnace, preserving heat for 200min at 200 ℃, then rising to 850 ℃ for 200min after 180min, preserving heat for 200min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticle sample; subjecting the obtained sample to X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) test; observing the appearance of the sample by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); the samples were tested for electrochemical performance using a blue system.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of manganese acetate tetrahydrate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate and a proper amount of N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker A, and magnetically stirring for 1h until the solution is transparent and clear to obtain a solution A;
(2) adding a certain amount of lithium acetate, tetrabutyl titanate, absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid into a beaker B, and magnetically stirring for 1h until the solution is transparent and clear to obtain a solution B;
(3) slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, stirring for 1h to completely mix the A, B solution, adding a proper amount of PVP, and stirring for 10h to form a clear and transparent spinning precursor solution C;
(4) filling the clear and transparent spinning precursor solution C into a 10mL injector, wherein the distance between a needle head and a receiver is 15-20 cm under the voltage of 14-19 kV, and the advancing speed is 1.1mL h-1Carrying out electrostatic spinning at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain an electrostatic spinning product;
(5) transferring the electrostatic spinning product into a muffle furnace, firstly preserving heat for 200min at 200 ℃, then raising the temperature for 180min, preserving heat for 200min at 650-850 ℃, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticles;
the molar ratio of lithium, nickel, manganese and titanium in the precursor solution is 1: 0.5: 1.2: 0.3;
the ratio of the amount of titanium to the amount of PVP in the precursor solution is 0.3 mmol: 1.6 g;
the chemical formula of the nickel and titanium doped lithium manganate is LiNi0.5Mn1.2Ti0.3O4;
The PVP is K-120 and polyvinylpyrrolidone;
the solvents, reagents or raw materials for the reaction are all chemically pure.
2. The nickel-titanium doped lithium manganate nanoparticle obtained by the preparation method of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle is a lithium ion battery negative electrode material, and has a specific discharge capacity of 103 mAh-g after being subjected to charge-discharge cycling for 120 times under a certain current density-1Above that, the coulombic efficiency can be maintained at 99.8%.
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CN113889592A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-04 | 天津国安盟固利新材料科技股份有限公司 | Nano composite fiber positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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