CN110696366B - Surface appearance regulation and control method for inclined plane formed by additive manufacturing technology - Google Patents

Surface appearance regulation and control method for inclined plane formed by additive manufacturing technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110696366B
CN110696366B CN201911000442.5A CN201911000442A CN110696366B CN 110696366 B CN110696366 B CN 110696366B CN 201911000442 A CN201911000442 A CN 201911000442A CN 110696366 B CN110696366 B CN 110696366B
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parts
inclination angle
substrate
relative
additive manufacturing
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CN110696366A (en
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祝毅
李健
王慧明
余梦飞
余晓雯
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Hangzhou Tooth Natural Biotechnology Co ltd
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface appearance regulating method of a molding inclined plane by an additive manufacturing technology, belonging to the technical field of additive manufacturing and comprising the following steps of: (1) establishing a three-dimensional model of the part, determining the relative position of the part relative to the substrate, and further determining the inclination angle of each part on the surface of the part relative to the substrate; (2) performing axial gradient segmentation on the part according to the inclination angle information of the surface of the part; (3) performing circumferential gradient segmentation on each part obtained after the axial gradient segmentation; (4) and configuring different molding process parameters for different parts according to the gradient result and corresponding inclination angle information, and finally molding. The invention greatly improves the surface consistency when forming the variable-inclination-angle curved surface and improves the surface quality of the formed part.

Description

Surface appearance regulation and control method for inclined plane formed by additive manufacturing technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a surface appearance regulating method for a molding inclined plane by an additive manufacturing technology.
Background
Additive Manufacturing technology (Additive Manufacturing) is rapidly developed in recent years as an emerging Manufacturing technology, and the technology is based on the principle of discrete-stacking and adopts a layered mode to manufacture parts to be processed in a layered mode. Due to the adoption of the principle of layered molding, the molding profile of each layer can be greatly changed, so that the part is not limited by the space shape, and the shape freedom degree of the molded part is greatly increased. Compared with the traditional material reduction manufacturing technology, the material increase manufacturing technology can greatly reduce the waste of materials; meanwhile, the additive manufacturing technology can be used for forming parts with any complex shapes without being limited by a processing method, so that the shape design freedom of the parts is greatly increased; in addition, the additive manufacturing technology is used for manufacturing parts in a row at one time, and a plurality of working procedures are not needed for processing, so that the processing time of the parts is greatly reduced, and the use of manpower and material resources is reduced. Due to the advantages, the prior additive manufacturing technology is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, education, medical treatment and the like.
However, the surface quality of the additively manufactured part is relatively poor compared to the part machined by conventional subtractive manufacturing, and the profile quality of the side surface is worse compared to the upper surface. Generally, parts with high surface quality requirements cannot be directly used after being directly machined by additive manufacturing, and post-treatment procedures such as sand blasting and polishing need to be added, but the machining time of the parts is greatly increased, so that the machining period of the parts is greatly increased.
Some research work has been carried out on the optimization of the surface quality of the additive manufactured parts, and some methods of surface topography optimization have been proposed. The patent (CN 105665704 a) optimizes the surface quality from a scanning mode, and separately scans and optimizes the solid part and the outline part of the part. The patent (CN 106808681 a) optimizes the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the molded parts in terms of layer thickness. However, due to the characteristic of layered forming, different inclination angles of the additive manufacturing technology when forming the inclined plane have great influence on the surface quality, that is, the surface quality obtained by forming parts with different inclination angles by the additive manufacturing technology is greatly different. Generally, higher requirements are placed on the consistency of the surface quality of parts, and when the curved surface is formed by adopting an additive manufacturing technology, the consistency of the surface quality is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
Due to the defects and the shortcomings, the consistency of the surface quality when the curved surface is formed by the additive manufacturing technology needs to be well solved, the invention provides a forming method for improving the consistency of the surface appearance when a complex curved surface is formed, the surface consistency when the curved surface with the variable inclination angle is formed is greatly improved, and the surface quality of a formed part is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a surface appearance regulation and control method for an inclined plane formed by an additive manufacturing technology comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional model of the part, determining the relative position of the part relative to the substrate, and further determining the inclination angle of each part on the surface of the part relative to the substrate;
(2) performing axial gradient segmentation on the part according to the inclination angle information of the surface of the part;
(3) performing circumferential gradient segmentation on each part obtained after the axial gradient segmentation;
(4) and configuring different molding process parameters for different parts according to the gradient result and corresponding inclination angle information, and finally molding.
Further, the step (2) is specifically as follows:
obtaining inclination angle information of the bottommost end of the part from the bottommost end of the part (namely, a part in contact with the substrate), then ascending by omega, comparing the inclination angle of the part surface relative to the substrate after ascending with the inclination angle of the part of the previous part relative to the substrate, and if the difference of the inclination angles of the two parts relative to the substrate is larger than that, dividing the two parts into different parts; wherein omega represents the height of upward movement each time when the part is divided, and represents the difference threshold value of the inclination angles of the two parts before and after movement relative to the substrate;
likewise, each time ω is moved upward, it is detected one by one until the tip of the part is detected.
Further, the step (3) is specifically as follows:
taking each part obtained after axial gradient segmentation, analyzing the inclination angle change of the part along the circumferential direction surface relative to the substrate from the bottom end, taking the angle moving step length as theta, taking the inclination angle difference threshold value as zeta, defining a starting point, and rotating the theta around the circle center by taking the approximate center of the cross section as the circle center from the starting point; analyzing the difference between the inclination angle of part of the surface relative to the substrate and the inclination angle of the surface of the previous part relative to the substrate after rotation; if the difference value is larger than zeta, the dividing operation is needed to divide the part; after the part is divided, the part continues to move forwards until the part is completely subjected to circumferential gradient operation along the surface of the part;
moving upwards to the next part, and continuously executing the circumferential graduating process of the next part until the circumferential graduating process of the topmost part is completed.
Further, in the step (4), different molding process parameters are configured for different parts according to the corresponding inclination angle information, which is specifically as follows:
analyzing the inclination angle information of the surface of the cut part one by one, and further allocating different forming parameters to the part according to the approximate inclination angle information of the surface of the part, wherein the surface appearance of the part is mainly controlled by the parameters in the outline part and the density of the formed part is controlled by the forming parameters in the solid part in a manner that the solid part and the outline part are separately scanned during forming the part (mentioned in patent CN 105665704A), so that the part is only required to be allocated with different parameters of the outline part at the part, and the solid part of the part adopts the compact forming parameters.
Further, the molding parameters include laser power (L aser power), Scan speed (Scan speed), pitch distance (pitch distance), and layer thickness (L eye thickness) parameters.
Furthermore, after the parameter configuration of each part of the part is finished, the part needs to be converted into a file in a layered form in magics software, and the file is transmitted into a printer system; and then after the preparation work at the printer end is finished, reducing the oxygen content in the printer forming bin to be below 100ppm, flushing protective gas argon, starting printing, and finally obtaining the parts with consistent surface appearance.
Further, after the file is converted into a layered file in mtt format, the file is transferred to the printer system.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts a gradient forming method, carries out two processes of axial gradient and circumferential gradient on the formed part, and configures different forming process parameters for different parts during forming, so that the surface appearance of the part obtained by processing is basically consistent, the surface roughness difference of the parts with different inclination angles is very small, and the surface appearance of the additive manufacturing part is optimized to a great extent.
(2) Compared with the existing single-process-parameter forming process, the gradient variable-parameter forming is adopted only by adopting different forming process parameters on the surface part of the part, and the forming time and the forming density of the solid part are not influenced. Meanwhile, the surface appearance heights of the parts obtained in the variable parameter forming process are consistent, the subsequent post-treatment procedures are reduced, and the processing time of the parts is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of gradient optimization;
FIG. 2 is a molding process for molding a complex curved surface, wherein (a) is a three-dimensional model diagram of a part, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the part introduced into magic software;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a part gradient process, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a part axial gradient process and (b) is a schematic diagram of a part longitudinal gradient process;
in the figure, 1 is a base plate, 2 is a tooth root implant, 3 is a first axial dividing component, 4 is a second axial dividing component, 5 is a third axial dividing component, 6 is a fourth axial dividing component, 7 is a first circumferential dividing component, 8 is a second circumferential dividing component, 9 is a third circumferential dividing component, and 10 is a fourth circumferential dividing component.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description and in the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings identify the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of methods consistent with aspects of the present application, as detailed in the claims that follow. Various embodiments of the present description are described in an incremental manner.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for regulating and controlling the surface topography of the inclined surface formed by the additive manufacturing technology provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 2 (a), before a part is manufactured, a three-dimensional model of the part (here, the root implant 2 is taken as an example) is firstly established, after the establishment of the three-dimensional model is completed, the relative position of the part with respect to the substrate 1 needs to be determined according to the structural characteristics of the part, as shown in fig. 2 (b), the substrate 1 plays a role of connecting the part with a workbench in the part forming process, in practice, the substrate is driven to lift by the lifting of the workbench, the layer-by-layer construction on the substrate 1 is realized, and finally, the integral forming of the part is realized. After the position of the component relative to the substrate 1 is determined, the inclination angle of each part of the surface of the component relative to the substrate 1 is also determined.
(2) Performing axial gradient segmentation on the part according to the inclination angle information of the surface of the part; as shown in (a) of fig. 3, obtaining inclination angle information of the bottommost end of the component from the bottommost end of the component (i.e. the part in contact with the substrate 1), then increasing by ω, comparing the inclination angle of the part surface after the increase with the inclination angle of the previous part with respect to the substrate, and if the difference between the inclination angles of the two parts with respect to the substrate is greater, considering that the two parts need to be configured according to molding parameters of two different parts, i.e. the two parts need to be divided into different parts; likewise, each time ω is moved upward, it is detected one by one until the tip of the part is detected.
It should be noted that, in this process, ω and ω are both a threshold of the part dividing precision, ω represents the height of each upward movement when the part is divided, represents the difference between the inclination angles of the two parts relative to the substrate before and after the movement, and after the difference exceeds the precision, the two parts need to be divided. Also, since the surface of the part is a complex curved surface, it is considered that when the advance height ω is small, the change of the inclination angle of the surface of the part is small, and it can be approximated to a planar process, that is, it can be approximated to an inclination angle of the part with respect to the substrate being a fixed value.
After the axial gradient process is performed, the component is divided into a plurality of parts in the height direction (fig. 3 (a) shows three divisions in the axial direction, and these are referred to as an axial division component one 3, an axial division component two 4, an axial division component three 5, and an axial division component four 6). Considering that the inclination angle of each portion with respect to the substrate varies significantly along the circumferential direction for the divided partial parts, as shown in fig. 3 (a), the inclination angles of the left and right portions of the part with respect to the substrate are greatly different. Therefore, in order to adjust the surface quality as uniform as possible, it is necessary to perform circumferential graduating of the part.
(3) Each part obtained after the axial gradient process needs to be subjected to a circumferential gradient process.
Each of the parts obtained by the axial gradient division (including the first axial divided part 3, the second axial divided part 4, the third axial divided part 5, and the fourth axial divided part 6) is analyzed for a change in inclination angle of the surface with respect to the substrate along the circumferential direction from the lowermost end (i.e., from the first axial divided part 3), as shown in the plan view in fig. 3 (b). Similarly, an angle moving step is taken as theta, the inclination angle difference threshold value is taken as zeta, a starting point is specified, and the starting point is rotated around the center of the circle by taking the approximate center of the cross section as the center of the circle; analyzing the difference between the inclination angle of part of the surface relative to the substrate and the inclination angle of the surface of the previous part relative to the substrate after rotation; if the difference value is larger than zeta, the dividing operation is needed to divide the part; after the part is divided, the part continues to move forwards until the part is completely subjected to circumferential gradient operation along the surface of the part; as shown in fig. 3 (b), the axial direction divided part one 3 is divided into a circumferential direction divided part one 7, a circumferential direction divided part two 8, a circumferential direction divided part three 9, and a circumferential direction divided part four 10.
Moving upwards to the next part, and continuously executing the circumferential gradient process of the next part until the circumferential gradient process of the topmost part is completed, and the part is also divided into different parts.
(4) After the gradient process is performed, the part is divided into several parts. Meanwhile, each part can be considered to have small change of the inclination angle of the surface relative to the substrate and can be approximately considered to be unchanged. Therefore, the molding parameters of each part can be configured according to the gradient result. Configuring different forming process parameters for different parts according to corresponding inclination angle information, and finally forming, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
the surface inclination angle information of the cut parts is analyzed one by one, and different molding parameters (parameters such as laser power (L aser power), scanning speed (Scan speed), spacing (Hatchingdistance), layer thickness (L eye thickness) and the like) are further distributed to the parts according to the approximate inclination angle information of the surfaces of the parts).
After the parameters of each part of the part are configured, the part needs to be converted into a file in a layered form in magics software so as to be convenient for a printer to identify; after the file is converted into a layered file with mtt format, the file is transmitted into a printer system; and then after the preparation work of the substrate, the scraper and the like is finished at the printer end, reducing the oxygen content in the printer forming bin to be below 100ppm, flushing protective gas argon, starting printing, and finally obtaining the parts with consistent surface appearance.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A surface appearance regulation and control method for an inclined plane formed by an additive manufacturing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional model of the part, determining the relative position of the part relative to the substrate, and further determining the inclination angle of each part on the surface of the part relative to the substrate;
(2) performing axial gradient segmentation on the part according to the inclination angle information of the surface of the part;
(3) performing circumferential gradient segmentation on each part obtained after the axial gradient segmentation;
(4) and configuring different molding process parameters for different parts according to the gradient result and corresponding inclination angle information, and finally molding.
2. The method for regulating the surface topography of the profiled inclined surface by the additive manufacturing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) is specifically as follows:
obtaining inclination angle information of the bottommost end of the part from the bottommost end of the part, then ascending omega, comparing the inclination angle of the part surface relative to the substrate after ascending with the inclination angle of the former part relative to the substrate, and if the difference value of the inclination angles of the two parts relative to the substrate is larger than that of the former part, dividing the two parts into different parts; wherein omega represents the height of upward movement each time when the part is divided, and represents the difference threshold value of the inclination angles of the two parts before and after movement relative to the substrate;
likewise, each time ω is moved upward, it is detected one by one until the tip of the part is detected.
3. The method for regulating the surface topography of the inclined surface formed by the additive manufacturing technology according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step (3) is as follows:
taking each part obtained after axial gradient segmentation, analyzing the inclination angle change of the part along the circumferential direction surface relative to the substrate from the bottom end, taking the angle moving step length as theta, taking the inclination angle difference threshold value as zeta, defining a starting point, and rotating the theta around the circle center by taking the approximate center of the cross section as the circle center from the starting point; analyzing the difference between the inclination angle of part of the surface relative to the substrate and the inclination angle of the surface of the previous part relative to the substrate after rotation; if the difference value is larger than zeta, the dividing operation is needed to divide the part; after the part is divided, the part continues to move forwards until the part is completely subjected to circumferential gradient operation along the surface of the part;
moving upwards to the next part, and continuously executing the circumferential graduating process of the next part until the circumferential graduating process of the topmost part is completed.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the surface morphology of the molding inclined plane by the additive manufacturing technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein different molding process parameters are configured for different parts according to corresponding inclination angle information in the step (4), and the method is specifically as follows:
analyzing the inclination angle information of the surfaces of the cut parts one by one, and further distributing different forming parameters to the parts according to the approximate inclination angle information of the surfaces of the parts, wherein the form of separately scanning the solid part and the outline part is adopted during forming the parts, the parameters in the outline part mainly control the surface appearance of the parts, and the forming parameters of the solid part are responsible for controlling the density of the formed parts, so that the parts are only required to be configured with different parameters of the outline part at the part, and the solid parts of the parts all adopt compact forming parameters.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the forming parameters include laser power, scanning speed, pitch, and layer thickness.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the surface topography of the molding inclined plane by the additive manufacturing technology according to claim 5, wherein after the parameter configuration of each part of the part is completed, the part is converted into a file in a layered form in magics software, and the file is transmitted to a printer system; and then after the preparation work at the printer end is finished, reducing the oxygen content in the printer forming bin to be below 100ppm, flushing protective gas argon, starting printing, and finally obtaining the parts with consistent surface appearance.
7. The method for regulating the surface topography of the inclined surface formed by the additive manufacturing technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein the file is transferred to a printer system after being converted into a layered file in mtt format.
CN201911000442.5A 2019-10-21 2019-10-21 Surface appearance regulation and control method for inclined plane formed by additive manufacturing technology Active CN110696366B (en)

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CN111151757A (en) * 2020-02-21 2020-05-15 上海理工大学 Composite electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and process
CN112059185B (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-01-15 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 Molded article with cantilever structure and method of molding the same
CN112059186B (en) 2020-11-11 2021-01-15 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 Molded article with inclined surface and molding method thereof
CN112677486B (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-09-21 苏州安美特激光科技有限公司 Surface morphology regulation and control method for preparing inclined plane by additive manufacturing technology
CN113369495A (en) * 2021-03-16 2021-09-10 上海工程技术大学 Arc additive manufacturing method for inclined surface of component
CN114309648B (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-04-07 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 Additive manufacturing method of AlSi10Mg alloy and aluminum alloy prepared by using same
CN116037959A (en) * 2023-03-08 2023-05-02 常州钢研极光增材制造有限公司 High-efficiency high-quality dynamic scanning laser forming method

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JP6026688B1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2016-11-16 株式会社松浦機械製作所 3D modeling method
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Inventor after: Zhu Yi

Inventor after: Li Jian

Inventor after: Wang Huiming

Inventor after: Yu Mengfei

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