CN100418027C - A helix guidance surfaces numerical control processing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention, a spiral-guided curved face numerical control machining method, belongs to the numerical control trajectory planning and processing areas. A spiral-guided curved face numerical control machining method is, processing the workpiece with 3D curved face mesh, making spline-interpolation-based planar isometric or non-isometric spiral line as the parameter line, and by mapping, generating 3D physical space processing trajectory, that is, with the clear mathematical expressed planar spiral line guidance, and the pitch of the spiral line should be determined by the spacing requirements of the processing trajectory. First, according to the 3D curved face of the workpiece, make processing trajectory planning; then, according to the used numerical control machine make post-processing to the planed trajectory. Using the spiral-line guided curved face machining method, the cutter movement smooth, wearing small, machine noise low, efficiency high, and save a lot of processing time, decrease the production cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital controlled tracing planning and manufacture field.
Background technology
The uniform cross section collimation method is complex-curved classic methods such as processing grid surface and composite surface.This method principle is simple and counting yield is higher, but it is too single to generate the track form, is difficult to adapt to the different demands of the different all kinds of trajectory plannings of shape and function.Especially when surface boundary was complex-shaped, the linear track in cross section was difficult to guarantee and the consistance on border, easily produces more short path, thereby greatly reduce the wearing and tearing that working (machining) efficiency has also been quickened cutter.For this reason, be necessary to propose the stronger job operation of adaptability.The screw type track has good operational characteristic, and machining direction changes mild, guarantees the quality of processed curved surface easily.But since its generating algorithm complexity, the processing that only is used for two-dimentional die cavity at present and has the simple surface of parameter expression.
The patent of relevant screw type numerical control processing track generation method has U.S. Patent No. 6,591,158.This patent has adopted the method for finding the solution oval boundary value partial differential equations in two-dimentional die cavity bounds to obtain the screw type machining locus.Detailed process is, at first the exterior contour with die cavity is that boundary value is found the solution Laplace's equation, obtain the isoline of series of discrete on this basis, between serial isoline, carry out smooth connection then and generate helical trajectory (smooth low-curvature spiral path).The track that adopts this method to generate is more smooth, and the direction of feed of cutter is not undergone mutation in process, has satisfied the requirement of High-speed machining preferably, but this method is only applicable to two-dimentional die cavity processing, can not be directly used in the processing of complex free curved surface, and calculate more loaded down with trivial details.Lee is at document ComputerAided Design in 2003 volume 35, in P511-518 [Contour offset approach to spiral toolpathgeneration with constant scallop height] a kind of screw type trajectory design method at the simple surface with parameter expression has been proposed, this method has guaranteed the cutter lifting number of times that cutter work in-process direction of motion one is made peace less, but relate to loaded down with trivial details ask to hand over calculate and to the offset line selfing and the judgement of handing over mutually, and exist cusp to duplicate problem, thereby make this method can not satisfy the requirement of High-speed machining effectively to high feed rate.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to invent a kind of curved surface numerical control processing method of spiral guidance.This method has overcome the defective of prior art, avoided the judgement of asking friendship calculating and selfing and mutual friendship loaded down with trivial details in the existing method, and the continuous smooth cusp that do not exist of track duplicates problem.This method is by setting up the mapping relations between the simple circular territory on complex-curved and the plane, trajectory planning is at first carried out on the planar rondure territory, by the equidistant and non-equidistant helix in the planar rondure parameter field is oppositely mapped to processed curved surface, generate machining locus, then the track of planning is done aftertreatment, generate the kinematic parameter of each correspondence of multi-axis numerical control lathe, carry out the processing of curved surface.
Technical scheme of the present invention is a kind of curved surface numerical control processing method of helix guidance, three-dimension curved surface gridding with workpiece to be machined, being parameter line based on the equidistant or non-equidistant helix in the plane of spline interpolation, generate the machining locus of three physical dimensions by mapping, promptly guide, and the pitch of helix to require according to the line-spacing of processed track to determine with snail line with clear and definite mathematical expression; The job operation concrete steps are as follows:
1. at first carry out machining locus planning according to the three-dimension curved surface of workpiece to be machined:
A. processed curved surface is carried out gridding; If processed curved surface is a parametric surface, then adopt existing certain methods that parametric surface is separated into grid surface; If work piece is a solid model, transform by Solidworks software; Usually the length of side of grid is taken at 2-10mm;
B. the processed curved surface with gridding is mapped on the circular domain on any given plane, and the mapping techniques of employing is linear parameterization and coordinates mapping; Set up the corresponding relation of mapping model on grid model and the circular domain thus; If the quantity of grid too much reaches more than 10,000, adopt partition map or multiresolution mapping mode;
C. determine the pitch of equidistant or non-equidistant helical: at first the center of circle with circular domain is a starting point, along the circumferential direction carry out the line-spacing test by 3 °≤α of angular range≤45 °, get the line-spacing of the minimum value of all test points as this initial circumference, and then be that radius obtains next circumference with this line-spacing, continuation is got by certain angle and is a little carried out the line-spacing test, still get the line-spacing of the line increment at test point place as this ring, the rest may be inferred, stops up to the most peripheral of circular domain;
D. the line-spacing that obtains according to step c is a starting point with the center of circle of circular domain, generate equidistant or non-equidistant helix on discrete concentrically ringed basis, when the pitch of this helix is non-when equidistant, when promptly this helix was non-linear helical, pitch can obtain apart from interpolation according to the series of rows that step c obtains;
E. the track discrete point on the snail line oppositely is mapped to the 3D grid curved surface, obtains its corresponding point on grid surface; The form that obtains of corresponding point has two kinds, and a kind of is directly to utilize the inverse mapping of coordinating mapping to obtain, and another kind is to utilize area coordinate parametrization and linear interpolation to obtain corresponding point according to the vertex information of grid;
F. the parameter of the corresponding point that will be calculated by the step e equation of bringing processed curved surface into has just obtained needed machining locus discrete point; The more rational iteration optimization of the good laggard enforcement track distribution of trajectory planning is handled.
2. according to employed numerically-controlled machine the track of planning is done aftertreatment, cutter location coordinate conversion under the workpiece coordinate system is become the translation and the rotation of each correspondence in the numerically-controlled machine coordinate system, interface by computing machine and 5 Shaft and NC Machining Test machining centers drives lathe, cutter is along the good continuous cutting movement of helix of planning, until the processing of finishing whole curved surface in the process.
Optimum efficiency of the present invention is the generative process that this new job operation has been simplified existing helical trajectory complexity greatly, guarantees that machining locus has the border consistance.Simultaneously, new method has kept continuity and the slickness before the trajectory mapping, compares with existing numerically-controlled machine machining locus (seeing accompanying drawing 7) not exist cusp to duplicate problem, has therefore improved the dynamic performance of working angles preferably, has improved working (machining) efficiency.Adopt screw type track processing curve, tool motion is steady, and machine noise is little, and tool wear is little, and it is the highest by about 30% to reduce tool wear, improves working (machining) efficiency, reaches as high as more than 50%, saves the plenty of time and reduces cost.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the specific embodiments synoptic diagram of spiral machining locus; Accompanying drawing 2 is complex boundary FREEFORM SURFACE MODEL; Accompanying drawing 3 is plane parameter grids of complex boundary free form surface; Accompanying drawing 4 is helical trajectories of processed complex border free form surface; Accompanying drawing 5 is constant pitch helixes; Accompanying drawing 6 is Method of Variable Pitch Screw; Accompanying drawing 7 is existing spiral numerical control processing tracks.
Specific embodiments
Be described with reference to the accompanying drawings specific embodiments of the present invention.Accompanying drawing 1 is the method synoptic diagram of spiral machining locus, and as shown in the figure, Discrete Surfaces is at first set up the corresponding relation of justifying the territory with parameter based on mapping, and then generates the machining locus of free form surface by the snail guidance.Concrete steps are as follows:
1. at first carry out machining locus planning according to the three-dimensional drawing of workpiece to be machined:
What a. present embodiment used is the entity three-dimensional model, at first by Solidworks software processed curved surface is carried out gridding, and the length of side of triangle gridding is 5mm, sees accompanying drawing 2.
B. the processed curved surface with gridding is mapped on the circular domain on any given plane, and the mapping techniques of employing is linear parameterization and coordinates mapping; Set up the corresponding relation of mapping model on grid model and the circular domain thus, see accompanying drawing 3.
C. determine the pitch of equidistant or non-equidistant helix: at first the center of circle with circular domain is a starting point, along the circumferential direction carry out the line-spacing test by 36 ° of angles, first lap is selected 36 °, respectively enclosing the test point angle later on reduces successively, get this minimum value of enclosing all test points in the test process as the current line distance, and then be that radius obtains next circumference with this line-spacing, reduce test angle, continue to get and a little carry out the line-spacing test, still get the line-spacing of the line increment at test point place as this ring, the rest may be inferred, stops up to the most peripheral of circular domain;
D. the line-spacing that obtains according to step c is a starting point with the center of circle of circular domain, generates serial concentric circles, and then on discrete concentrically ringed basis line-spacing is carried out interpolation and generate non-equidistant helix, sees accompanying drawing 5,6.
E. the track discrete point on the snail line oppositely is mapped to the 3D grid curved surface, in an embodiment by utilizing the mode of area coordinate parametrization and linear interpolation to obtain corresponding point according to the vertex information of grid.
F. the parameter of the corresponding point that will be calculated by the step e equation of bringing processed curved surface into has just obtained needed machining locus discrete point, sees accompanying drawing 4.
2. according to employed DECKEL MAHO 70V 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center lathe, the track of planning is done aftertreatment, the discrete cutter location of screw type under the workpiece coordinate system is converted to the translation and the rotation of each correspondence in the numerically-controlled machine coordinate system.Cutter is along the good continuous cutting movement of helix of planning, until the processing of finishing whole curved surface in the process.The present invention is particularly suitable for the path planning of High-speed machining track, can disposablely add the carefully and neatly done curved surface of opening.
Claims (1)
1. the curved surface numerical control processing method of a helix guidance, it is characterized in that, three-dimension curved surface gridding with part to be processed, being parameter line based on the equidistant or non-equidistant helix in the plane of spline interpolation, generate the machining locus of three physical dimensions by mapping, promptly guide, and the pitch of helix to require according to the line-spacing of processed track to determine with snail line with clear and definite mathematical expression; The job operation concrete steps are as follows:
(1) at first carry out machining locus planning according to the three-dimension curved surface of workpiece to be machined:
A. processed curved surface is carried out gridding; If processed curved surface is a parametric surface, then adopt existing certain methods that parametric surface is separated into grid surface; If work piece is a solid model, transform by Solidworks software; Usually the length of side of grid is at 2-10mm;
B. the processed curved surface with gridding is mapped on the circular domain on any given plane, and the mapping techniques of employing is linear parameterization and coordinates mapping; Set up the corresponding relation of mapping model on grid model and the circular domain thus; If the quantity of grid too much reaches more than 10,000, adopt partition map or multiresolution mapping mode;
C. determine the pitch of equidistant or non-equidistant helical: at first the center of circle with circular domain is a starting point, along the circumferential direction carry out the line-spacing test by 3 °≤α of angular range≤45 °, get the line-spacing of the minimum value of all test points as this initial circumference, and then be that radius obtains next circumference with this line-spacing, continuation is got by angular range and is a little carried out the line-spacing test, still get the line-spacing of the line increment at test point place as this ring, the rest may be inferred, stops up to the most peripheral of circular domain;
D. the line-spacing that obtains according to step c is a starting point with the center of circle of circular domain, generate equidistant or non-equidistant helix on discrete concentrically ringed basis, when the pitch of this helix is non-when equidistant, when promptly this helix was non-linear helical, pitch can obtain apart from interpolation according to the series of rows that step c obtains;
E. the track discrete point on the snail line oppositely is mapped to the 3D grid curved surface, obtains its corresponding point on grid surface; The form that obtains of corresponding point has two kinds, and a kind of is directly to utilize the inverse mapping of coordinating mapping to obtain, and another kind is to utilize area coordinate parametrization and linear interpolation to obtain corresponding point according to the vertex information of grid;
F. the parameter of the corresponding point that will be calculated by the step e equation of bringing processed curved surface into has just obtained needed machining locus discrete point; The more rational iteration optimization of the good laggard enforcement track distribution of trajectory planning is handled;
(2) according to employed numerically-controlled machine the track of planning is done aftertreatment, cutter location coordinate conversion under the workpiece coordinate system is become the translation and the rotation of each correspondence in the numerically-controlled machine coordinate system, interface by computing machine and 5 Shaft and NC Machining Test machining centers drives lathe, cutter is along the good continuous cutting movement of helix of planning, until the processing of finishing whole curved surface in the process.
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CN103760823A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-30 | 哈尔滨第一机械集团有限公司 | Spherical fine Archimedes spiral line machining method based on UG4.0 |
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