CN110695510A - Interlayer-coated titanium/aluminum composite board and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Interlayer-coated titanium/aluminum composite board and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110695510A
CN110695510A CN201910997992.2A CN201910997992A CN110695510A CN 110695510 A CN110695510 A CN 110695510A CN 201910997992 A CN201910997992 A CN 201910997992A CN 110695510 A CN110695510 A CN 110695510A
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titanium
explosive
aluminum
welding
plate
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史长根
房中行
冯柯
吴晓明
林孙朗
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Army Engineering University of PLA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion

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Abstract

The titanium/aluminum composite board coated with the aluminum alloy interlayer prepared by the explosion welding method is characterized in that the titanium board and the aluminum board (the substrate and the interlayer) are annealed at 650-700 ℃ and 350-500 ℃ respectively for 2 hours. And after the surface of the annealed plate is subjected to oxidation treatment process, assembling the base plate and the interlayer through a gap and explosive assembling process. And (4) selecting the emulsion explosive permeated into the quartz sand, determining relevant static parameters according to the lower limit principle of explosive welding, and carrying out explosive welding. And after the composite board is subjected to homogenization annealing process treatment, leveling for 3-5 times by using a roller type leveling machine, and inspecting and cutting edges to obtain the titanium/aluminum composite board coated with the aluminum alloy interlayer. According to the titanium/aluminum composite plate coated with the aluminum alloy interlayer and the explosive welding preparation method thereof, the detonation energy of the explosive is fully utilized, good wavy combination is generated at the interface, the contact area of metal is increased, and the combination strength of titanium and aluminum is further ensured; the aluminum alloy interlayer is arranged between the base plate and the composite plate, so that the intermiscibility of the matched metal is improved, the kinetic energy loss of an interface is reduced, the interface melting and intermetallic compounds are reduced, and the quality of a welding joint is improved.

Description

Interlayer-coated titanium/aluminum composite board and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a titanium/aluminum composite board coated with an interlayer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal composite materials and mechanical manufacturing.
Background
Titanium and its alloy are considered as one of the best engineering materials because of their advantages such as higher specific strength and specific stiffness, good corrosion resistance and heat resistance, and have very wide application in the fields of aerospace, military equipment, petrochemical industry and the like. However, titanium is expensive, chemically active, and easily reacts with non-metals such as hydrogen, oxygen, and halogen during heating, thus having high manufacturing and application costs. Aluminum is a metal element with the largest reserve in the earth crust, is the most widely used material among light metals, is low in price, has excellent specific strength, specific elastic modulus and fatigue strength, and is a main lightweight structural material. The titanium/aluminum composite board taking titanium as a reinforcement and aluminum as a substrate has the advantages of both cost and performance, light weight, high specific strength and specific modulus, good ductility, toughness and corrosion resistance, reduces the cost on the basis of reaching the industrial production and application standards, and is an excellent lightweight and structural function integrated material. In the aerospace industry, the titanium/aluminum/titanium composite board can be used for manufacturing a skin of an ignition area of an airplane missile, can prevent the wing of the airplane from being melted due to fuel combustion, and simultaneously is used as a lightweight structure, so that the weight of the airplane is not increased on the whole, and the service standard of the airplane is well met. In the fields of bridge engineering and the like, the titanium/aluminum/titanium composite material can be made into a novel portable bridge, is light in weight, excellent in corrosion resistance, convenient to fight and very wide in application prospect.
The welding process is simple, the production efficiency is high, and strong connection is easy to obtain, so that the method is an ideal preparation method of the metal composite plate. Since the middle of the last century, scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of tests and studies on the titanium/aluminum composite board manufactured by adopting the welding process, and have proposed various preparation methods from the viewpoints of bonding mechanism, joint quality, phase change and the like, mainly including solid-phase welding (friction welding, diffusion welding), brazing, fusion-brazing and the like. In recent years, mechanical alloying, powder metallurgy, vapor deposition and other techniques have also begun to be applied to the preparation of titanium/aluminum composite panels.
However, the great difference in microstructure and physical and chemical properties between titanium and aluminum makes it difficult to obtain a good quality welded joint when welding. In terms of microstructure, the atomic arrangement, lattice type, atomic radius and electronegativity of titanium and aluminum are all greatly different, and metallurgical bonding is essentially difficult to realize. In terms of physical properties, titanium has a melting point about 3 times that of aluminum, but the thermal conductivity and coefficient of linear expansion are only 1/16 and 1/3 for aluminum. When the welding temperature reaches the melting point of titanium, a large amount of aluminum element is easily burnt, and the distribution of joint elements is influenced. The large difference in the coefficients of linear expansion of titanium and aluminum tends to cause large residual stresses and strains in the transition zone, which in turn can lead to the formation of thermal cracks. The difference in thermal conductivity causes severe coarsening of the crystals in the bonding region, which leads to work hardening problems. In terms of chemical properties, titanium and aluminum which are used as active metals are easily oxidized in air to form a brittle and hard oxide film with high melting point and high hardness, so that slag inclusion is easily caused, and the tendency of brittle fracture of the welded titanium/aluminum composite plate during bearing is improved. In addition, the air suction capacity of titanium and aluminum is very strong in the welding process, the solubility of gas is obviously reduced along with the reduction of the temperature after welding, so that the separated gas cannot form air holes along with the solidification of a molten pool, and the air holes are easy to develop into crack sources after the joint is stressed. In addition to microstructure and physicochemical properties, intermetallic compound formation during titanium and aluminum welding also affects weld quality. As shown in the titanium/aluminum binary phase diagram of FIG. 1, titanium and aluminum can form a plurality of intermetallic compounds mainly including TiAl and TiAl at high temperature2And TiAl3. Intermetallic compounds generally have a relatively high melting point, high hardness and high brittleness, and have a complex crystal structure. These special alloy phases are dispersed in the weld zone and the heat affected zone, increasing the brittleness and hardness of the welded joint. Therefore, the conventional welding process is difficult to be implementedWelding titanium and aluminum dissimilar metals.
The explosion welding is that the composite plate moves to the base plate at high speed and is violently collided by the energy generated by explosive explosion, and the large impact pressure causes the combination interface of the base plate and the composite plate to generate plastic deformation to form solid phase combination. The explosion welding method has the advantages that the connection of any homogeneous or heterogeneous metal can be almost realized, the process flow is simple, and the subsequent processing performance of the obtained composite board is good. However, for the explosive cladding of titanium and aluminum, severe collision of the base plate under the action of an explosive load is easy to cause severe plastic deformation of a bonding interface, and further causes the appearance of a local continuous melting layer and intermetallic compounds, thereby affecting the quality of a welding joint.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a powder mixture of "R (mass ratio of charges) -deltaf(thickness of clad plate) "type welding window to determine lower limit charging parameters, thereby reducing collision speed of the clad plate.
The invention also aims to provide an explosive welding and compounding method of the titanium/aluminum composite plate, which has simple process and good interface combination.
The invention also aims to provide a titanium/aluminum composite plate coated with the interlayer. The method is characterized in that: the titanium/aluminum composite board is formed by stacking a titanium layer, an interlayer and an aluminum layer from top to bottom in sequence and performing one-time explosion compounding.
The explosion welding compounding method of the sandwich-coated titanium/aluminum composite board comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting TA1 or TA2 as a composite board for preparing the composite board, wherein the thickness is 1 mm-4 mm; selecting 5 series aluminum alloy as a preparation substrate of the composite board, wherein the thickness is 3-16 mm; the thickness ratio of the clad plate to the substrate is 1: 3-1: 4, the flatness of the clad plate is difficult to control when the clad plate is too thin, so that the cladding rate is low, and the substrate is easy to generate brittle fracture phenomenon in the explosive welding process when the substrate is thin. Annealing the substrate, wherein when the annealing temperature is 650-700 ℃, the crystal grains of the titanium alloy are basically equiaxial, but when the annealing temperature exceeds the annealing temperature, the size of the crystal grains is only increased, and the mechanical property is reduced along with the increase of the temperature, so that the annealing temperature which is more suitable for the titanium alloy is 650-700 ℃; and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is better when the annealing temperature is 350-500 ℃. Too short annealing heat preservation time can cause that metal can not generate recrystallization phenomenon, and too long annealing heat preservation time can cause that grain size is reduced, and the heat preservation time is selected to be 2 h;
(2) cleaning the surface: cleaning the surface to be combined of the plate by using a mechanical polishing method until fresh metal is exposed, and wiping the surface by using acetone and alcohol; because titanium and aluminum are active in chemical property at normal temperature, the plate should be placed in a dry environment for use within 8 hours after being cleaned so as to prevent surface oxidation;
(3) selecting static welding parameters: the explosive welding process is mainly related to the following three static parameters of explosive formula, explosive thickness and plate gap:
① explosive formula, wherein the low detonation velocity emulsion explosive is more beneficial to the exhaust process in explosive welding and reduces the generation of defects, so 40-50% of quartz sand permeates into the emulsion explosive, the force is small, the detonation velocity is uniform, the detonation velocity is controlled to be 2200-2500 m/s, and the effective polytropic index gamma is controlled to be 1.7-1.9;
② charge thickness, in order to avoid large area metal melting at the bonding interface caused by violent collision of the matrix and the composite plates due to over-high detonation velocity, the R-delta is calculated and constructedfForming a welding window, and further determining a lower limit charging parameter:
Figure BSA0000192594930000031
Figure BSA0000192594930000032
Figure BSA0000192594930000033
Figure BSA0000192594930000034
in the formulae (1) to (4), ρfReplacing board sealDegree; rho0And delta0Respectively representing the density and thickness of the explosive; dkAnd gamma represents the detonation velocity and polytropic index of the explosive, respectively; rminAnd RmaxRespectively representing the minimum and maximum charge mass ratios; wminRepresents the minimum energy required for explosive recombination per unit area; r0And k0A characteristic constant representing the explosive; k represents a thermal conductivity coefficient; c represents the specific heat capacity; t is tmpRepresents a lower melting point in the material being welded; vsfRepresenting the bulk acoustic velocity of the doubler plate; beta represents a dynamic bending angle;
③ plate-to-plate gap S is determined by the following equation (5):
Figure BSA0000192594930000041
in the formula, coefficient Ks≈2～3；
(4) Determining an interlayer material: selecting a 1-series aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.1-1 mm as an interlayer to reduce the kinetic energy loss in the collision process of the base plate and further reduce the interface melting and the formation of intermetallic compounds; in addition, the aluminum alloy interlayer can improve the compatibility with the 5-series aluminum alloy substrate to the maximum extent and improve the quality of a welding joint. The interface kinetic energy loss condition under different interlayer thicknesses can be calculated through formulas (6) to (9):
Figure BSA0000192594930000042
Figure BSA0000192594930000043
Figure BSA0000192594930000044
Figure BSA0000192594930000045
in the formulae (6) to (9), Vp1Representing the collision velocity of the titanium/interlayer interface;Vp2representing the interlayer/aluminum alloy interface collision velocity; e represents gurney; m isf、miAnd mbRepresenting the mass of the composite plate, the interlayer and the substrate per unit area; delta EK1And Δ EK2Representing the kinetic energy loss at the titanium/interlayer interface and the interlayer/aluminum alloy interface, respectively. The kinetic energy loss was calculated using the case of direct welding, using 0.3mm and 0.5mm as an example, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 interfacial kinetic energy loss at different interlayer thicknesses
Figure BSA0000192594930000051
(5) And (3) explosive welding process: the titanium/aluminum composite board coated with the aluminum alloy interlayer is manufactured through one-time explosive welding;
(6) uniformly annealing the composite board after welding: and (3) carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the exploded composite plate, wherein the aim is to accelerate solid diffusion between titanium and aluminum elements and improve the bonding strength of an interface. The grain size is increased due to the fact that the homogenization annealing temperature is too high, and the solid state diffusion temperature is difficult to realize due to the fact that the homogenization annealing temperature is too low, so that the annealing temperature is 350 ℃ and the time is 3 hours;
(7) leveling and checking: leveling the exploded titanium/aluminum/titanium three-layer composite plate for 3-5 times by using a roller type leveling machine; and inspecting the leveled plate, and cutting off the cracked or un-compounded part at the corner by the boundary effect to finally obtain the light titanium/aluminum/titanium three-layer metal composite plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the titanium/aluminum composite board has better corrosion resistance, high specific strength and lighter weight and more corrosion resistance compared with the common titanium/steel composite material; by R-deltafThe lower limit charging amount determined by the welding window not only saves the production cost, but also is beneficial to improving the bonding strength of the composite board; the use of the aluminum alloy interlayer reduces the loss of interface kinetic energy, reduces large-area melting of the interface and intermetallic compounds, and improves the intermiscibility of the welded metal.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments, which are not meant to limit the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of explosive welding of a titanium/aluminum composite plate coated with an interlayer, wherein 1 is an initiator, 2 is a titanium clad plate, 3 is an aluminum interlayer, 4 is an aluminum substrate, 5 is an explosive, 6 is a loading box, 7 is a gap support, and 8 is a foundation.
Detailed Description
Example one
Selecting a titanium TA2 block and an aluminum 5083 block which are subjected to annealing treatment, wherein the size of the TA1 is 550mm multiplied by 250mm multiplied by 2.5mm, and the annealing temperature and the annealing time are 700 ℃ and 2h respectively; the size of the aluminum 5083 is 550mm multiplied by 250mm multiplied by 14mm, and the annealing temperature and the annealing time are 350 ℃ and 2h respectively; the aluminum 1060 size was 550mm x 250mm x 0.3mm, and the annealing temperature and time were 350 ℃ and 2h, respectively.
① the surface to be processed of the above board is mechanically polished and cleaned with acetone and alcohol, and then mounted from top to bottom according to the sequence of compound board, interlayer and base board, and the explosive welding process is completed, wherein the main explosive welding process parameters are that low-explosion speed powdery emulsion explosive with 35% quartz sand infiltration is adopted, the effective polytropic index gamma is 1.8, and the density is about 0.8g/cm by detection3Detonation velocity Dk2200 m/s; the charging height is 13.5mm, the gap between the compound plate and the interlayer is 4mm, and the gap between the interlayer and the substrate is 2 mm;
② performing explosion welding and compounding according to the operation rule;
③ annealing the exploded titanium/aluminum composite board at 350 deg.C for 3 h;
④ trimming, finishing and leveling the annealed composite panel;
thus, the explosive welding process for making TA2/5083 clad panels clad with a 0.3mm aluminum alloy 1060 sandwich was completed.

Claims (4)

1. The titanium/aluminum composite board is characterized in that an aluminum alloy with similar performance to a base board is adopted as an interlayer, and the titanium/aluminum composite board is manufactured through an explosive welding method.
2. The sandwich-coated titanium/aluminum composite board and the method for manufacturing the same as claimed in claim 1, wherein the titanium clad board of the titanium/aluminum composite board is TA1 or TA2, and the thickness is 1mm to 4 mm; the aluminum substrate is 5 series aluminum alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum substrate is 3 mm-16 mm; the thickness ratio of the composite plate to the substrate is 1: 3-1: 4; the interlayer is a 1xxx series aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.1 mm-1 mm.
3. The sandwich-coated titanium/aluminum composite panel and the method of manufacturing the same according to claim 1, wherein the method of manufacturing is characterized by three main processes:
(1) surface oxidation treatment process: selecting titanium TA1 or TA2 subjected to annealing treatment as a composite board preparation substrate and a 5-series aluminum alloy board as a composite board preparation substrate, cleaning the surface to be combined of the boards by using a mechanical polishing method until fresh metal is exposed, and wiping the surfaces clean by using acetone and alcohol; the plate is placed in a dry environment and is used within 8 hours, so that the generation of oxides on the surface of the plate is prevented, and the formation of intermetallic compounds in the explosion process is further inhibited;
(2) the gap and explosive assembling process comprises the following steps: fixing the gap of the base-and-complex plate by spot welding, then loading the base-and-complex plate into a protective device, and completing charging work, wherein the initiation end is arranged in the middle of the top;
(3) uniformly annealing the composite board after welding: and carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the exploded composite board, wherein the annealing temperature is 350 ℃ and the annealing time is 3 h.
4. The clad titanium/aluminum composite panel and the method of manufacturing the same according to claim 1, wherein the characteristics of the parameters of explosive welding in the manufacturing method mainly include the following three static parameters of explosive welding:
(1) the explosive formula comprises the following components: the low detonation velocity emulsion explosive is more beneficial to the exhaust process in explosive welding and reduces the generation of defects, so that 40-50% of quartz sand permeates into the emulsion explosive, the force is small, the detonation velocity is uniform, the detonation velocity is controlled to be 2200-2500 m/s, and the effective polytropic index gamma is controlled to be 1.7-1.9;
(2) charging thickness: in order to avoid large-area metal melting at the bonding interface caused by violent collision of the base plate due to overlarge explosion speed, R-delta is constructed by calculationfThe welding window (fig. 2), and thus the lower-limit charge parameters:
Figure FSA0000192594920000011
Figure FSA0000192594920000021
Figure FSA0000192594920000022
Figure FSA0000192594920000023
in the formulae (1) to (4), ρfReplacing the density of the board; rho0And delta0Respectively representing the density and thickness of the explosive; dkAnd gamma represents the detonation velocity and polytropic index of the explosive, respectively; rminAnd RmaxRespectively representing the minimum and maximum charge mass ratios; wminRepresents the minimum energy required for explosive recombination per unit area; r0And k0A characteristic constant representing the explosive; k represents a thermal conductivity coefficient; c represents the specific heat capacity; t is tmpRepresents a lower melting point in the material being welded; vsfRepresenting the bulk acoustic velocity of the doubler plate; beta represents a dynamic bending angle;
(3) the gap between the plates: the inter-plate gap S is determined by the following formula (5):
Figure FSA0000192594920000024
in the formula, coefficient Ks≈2～3。
CN201910997992.2A 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 Interlayer-coated titanium/aluminum composite board and preparation method thereof Pending CN110695510A (en)

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CN112719558A (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 中国科学技术大学 Energy control method for multilayer explosive welding
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CN115475938A (en) * 2022-09-23 2022-12-16 安徽工程大学 Copper-based diamond composite board/strip and preparation method thereof
CN117341295A (en) * 2023-11-08 2024-01-05 湖南方恒新材料技术股份有限公司 Aluminum alloy stainless steel multilayer composite board and preparation method and application thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112719558A (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 中国科学技术大学 Energy control method for multilayer explosive welding
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CN115475938B (en) * 2022-09-23 2024-03-08 安徽工程大学 Copper-based diamond composite board/strip and preparation method thereof
CN117341295A (en) * 2023-11-08 2024-01-05 湖南方恒新材料技术股份有限公司 Aluminum alloy stainless steel multilayer composite board and preparation method and application thereof
CN117341295B (en) * 2023-11-08 2024-06-04 湖南方恒新材料技术股份有限公司 Aluminum alloy stainless steel multilayer composite board and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20200117