CN110694771B - Flexible airflow powder removing method for waste ternary lithium battery - Google Patents
Flexible airflow powder removing method for waste ternary lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110694771B CN110694771B CN201910968788.8A CN201910968788A CN110694771B CN 110694771 B CN110694771 B CN 110694771B CN 201910968788 A CN201910968788 A CN 201910968788A CN 110694771 B CN110694771 B CN 110694771B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/20—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of waste ternary lithium battery material recovery, and provides a flexible airflow powder removing method for a waste ternary lithium battery. The method mainly comprises the following steps: put into battery shredder with old and useless ternary lithium cell and do preliminary shredding, do the processing of gathering dust to volatile gas, treat that the battery tears to carry and do preliminary powder separation and diaphragm selection by winnowing in the selection by winnowing bobbing machine after garrulous, the diaphragm that the selection by winnowing shifts to the diaphragm feed bin, the powder of selecting gets into the material powder storehouse, the crushing material that will select gets into secondary crusher again through the magnetic separation earlier, carry out the essence breakage, get into at last and carry out the flexibility in the air current machine of taking off the powder and handle, separate out copper aluminium foil and secondary crushing powder, the secondary powder is carried to the material powder storehouse again. According to the invention, the battery pole piece is not required to be crushed and ground for three times, the problem of powder entrainment generated by rolling the battery pole piece is avoided, the airflow powder removing speed can be flexibly adjusted, and the battery powder removing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste ternary lithium battery material recovery, in particular to a flexible airflow powder removing method for a waste ternary lithium battery.
Background
According to statistical results, the global lithium ion battery yield is over 5.8 hundred million as early as 2000, and reaches 30 hundred million by 2010. The yield of lithium batteries produced in China only reaches 78.42 hundred million by 2016. It is expected that by 2020, there will be a large worldwide emergence of scrapped lithium ion batteries, the total number of which will reach 250 hundred million and the weight will be as high as 50 million tons. The waste lithium ion batteries contain a large amount of heavy metal components including elements such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and the like, and if the elements are not well recovered, large-area pollution can be caused. Therefore, the recovery of the waste lithium ion battery is very important. The waste lithium ion battery is recycled, so that a large amount of metals can be recycled, the production cost is reduced, the pollution to the environment can be reduced, and meanwhile, the efficient recycling of battery materials plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of the battery industry.
At present, researches on recycling and resource utilization of waste lithium ion batteries mainly focus on recycling of valuable metals nickel, cobalt and manganese in positive electrode materials. Currently, the developed waste lithium battery recovery method comprises pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Both recovery methods have mature process technical schemes. There are certain drawbacks. The method has the problems of high energy consumption, excessively expensive used medicament, low recovery rate of valuable metals, large consumption of acid and alkali, high generated waste liquid amount, large environmental load, high treatment cost and the like. Therefore, the development of new technologies with low cost, no secondary pollution and high resource recovery rate is the focus of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flexible airflow powder removing method for waste ternary lithium batteries, which can effectively solve the problems.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a flexible airflow powder removing method for waste ternary lithium batteries comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the waste ternary lithium battery into a shredder, performing primary shredding treatment on the ternary lithium battery to enable the battery shell, the battery pole piece and the battery diaphragm to be shredded and separated to be in a loose state, and performing dust collection treatment on volatile gas generated in the process through a dust collection device;
s2, conveying the battery fragments subjected to primary shredding to a winnowing vibration machine for winnowing and vibration separation, screening black powder generated in the primary shredding process through vibration, and enabling the screened black powder to enter a material powder bin; blowing out battery diaphragms mixed in the battery fragments through a winnowing vibration process, and recycling the blown battery diaphragms to a diaphragm bin;
s3, removing a battery magnetic shell and a current collecting nickel net existing in the seal material from the air-separated battery fragments through a magnetic separator;
s4, conveying the battery crushed materials subjected to magnetic separation to a secondary crusher for fine crushing, wherein the crushing degree of the fragments is kept consistent;
s5, feeding the finely crushed material into an airflow powder removing machine for flexible powder removal, separating battery powder on the pole piece, and collecting battery black powder through a material powder bin; and discharging the residual copper-aluminum foil of the battery subjected to the airflow powder removal through the lower end of the airflow powder removal machine, and recycling and applying.
As a further improvement, the size of the cell fragments after the primary shredding in S1 is 2 × 2cm to 2.5 × 2.5 cm.
As a further improvement, in the S1, inert gas is introduced into the shredder, and the whole crushing process is kept under the inert gas.
As a further improvement, the black powder produced by primary shredding in S2 is sieved, and the mesh number of the sieve is 800-1200 meshes.
As a further improvement, the air volume of the winnowing vibration machine in S2 is 8000m3/h～10000m3/h。
As a further improvement, the cell pieces in S3 are crushed in a size of 1 × 1cm to 1.5 × 1.5 cm.
In a further modification, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic separator in S3 is 9000GS to 12000 GS.
As a further improvement, the size of the finely crushed pieces of the battery in S4 is 0.7 × 0.7cm to 1 × 1 cm.
As a further improvement, the air flow of the airflow powder remover in S5 is 40000m3/h～80000m3/h。
As a further improvement, the time of the airflow powder removing machine in the S5 is 5-10 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process only carries out mechanical treatment on the waste lithium ion battery, effectively separates each part in the battery material by means of shearing, friction, impact, extrusion, magnetic separation and blowing separation, and induces the structure and the physical and chemical properties of the material to change by mechanical energy, thereby achieving the purpose of separation. Different from common thermochemical reaction, the mechanical method can be completed without harsh conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and the like, and has the characteristics of low cost, high yield, simple process, short period and the like. In addition, the battery powder removing mode does not need to crush and grind the battery pole piece for three times, avoids the problem of powder entrainment generated by rolling the battery pole piece, can flexibly adjust the airflow powder removing speed, improves the battery powder removing efficiency, and has important significance for the ternary lithium battery recycling industry.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method steps provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, a flexible airflow powder removing method for a waste ternary lithium battery comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the waste ternary lithium battery into a shredder, performing primary shredding treatment on the ternary lithium battery to enable the battery shell, the battery pole piece and the battery diaphragm to be shredded and separated to be in a loose state, and performing dust collection treatment on volatile gas generated in the process through a dust collection device;
s2, conveying the battery fragments subjected to primary shredding into a winnowing vibration machine, screening black powder generated in the primary shredding process through vibration, and enabling the screened black powder to enter a material powder bin; blowing out battery diaphragms mixed in the battery fragments through a winnowing vibration process, and recycling the blown battery diaphragms to a diaphragm bin;
s3, removing a battery magnetic shell and a current collecting nickel net existing in the seal material from the air-separated battery fragments through a magnetic separator;
s4, conveying the battery crushed materials subjected to magnetic separation to a secondary crusher for fine crushing, wherein the crushing degree of the fragments is kept consistent;
s5, feeding the finely crushed material into an airflow powder removing machine for flexible powder removal, separating battery powder on the pole piece, and collecting battery black powder through a material powder bin; and discharging the residual copper-aluminum foil of the battery subjected to the airflow powder removal through the lower end of the airflow powder removal machine, and recycling and applying.
In step S1, the size of the battery pieces after the primary shredding is 2cm by 2cm to 2.5cm by 2.5 cm; in this example, the size of the battery pieces after the primary shredding was 2.5cm by 2.5 cm.
In step S2, the winnowing and vibrating machine blows air into the device to make the battery fragments collide with each other and rub against each other to remove powder, and the battery fragments are more broken during the collision. The air quantity A of the winnowing and vibrating machine needs to be selected according to the size of the battery fragments subjected to primary shredding, and other components such as the magnetic shell of the battery and the like are easily blown out when the air quantity is too large; the battery diaphragm cannot be blown out by too small air quantity. Specifically, a satisfies: a is a k, wherein a is the area of the cell fragments after the primary shredding, and k is 0.15 x 108～0.25*108m/h. In this embodiment, the value of k is 0.2 x 108m/h。
Preferably, the air volume of the winnowing vibration machine is 8000m3/h～12500m3H; in this embodiment, the air volume of the winnowing vibration machine is 12500m3H is used as the reference value. Preferably, the broken size of the battery fragments after air separation vibration is 1cm by 1cm to 1.5cm by 1.5 cm; in this embodiment, the size of the broken battery pieces after the air separation vibration is 1.5cm by 1.5 cm.
In step S3, the magnetic field strength D of the magnetic separator needs to be selected according to the size of the battery fragments after the air separation vibration, because other components are easily removed by mistake when the magnetic field strength is too large; the magnetic field strength is too low to remove the battery magnetic casing and the current collecting nickel mesh. Specifically, D satisfies: d is D s, wherein D is the area of the battery fragment after air separation vibration, and the value of s is 0.5 s 108～1.3*108GS/m2. This exampleWherein k is 0.9 x 108GS/m2. Preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separator is 9000 GS-20250 GS; in this embodiment, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic separator is 9000 GS.
In step S4, preferably, the crushed size of the finely crushed battery pieces is 0.7cm by 0.7cm to 1cm by 1 cm; in this embodiment, the size of the finely crushed battery pieces is 0.8cm by 0.8 cm.
In steps S1 and S4, the consistency of the fragment crushing degree is achieved by adjusting the blade head spacing and the width of the shredder and the secondary crusher respectively.
And the shredder and the secondary crusher are internally provided with vibrating screens.
Introducing inert gas into the shredder in the S1, and keeping the whole crushing process under the inert gas, so as to prevent the old battery from being ignited in the crushing process; in this embodiment, the inert gas is nitrogen.
Screening out black powder generated by primary shredding in the S2, preferably, the mesh number range of the screen is 800-1200 meshes, and correspondingly, the particle size range of the screen is 13-18 um; in this example, the mesh number of the screen was 800 meshes. The black powder mainly comprises nickel, cobalt, manganese and active carbon.
In step S5, the air flow is blown in from the bottom of the air flow winnowing machine. Preferably, the air flow of the airflow powder remover is 40000m3/h～80000m3H; in this embodiment, the air flow of the airflow powder remover is 70000m3H is used as the reference value. The time of the airflow powder removing machine is 5-10 min.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A flexible airflow powder removing method for waste ternary lithium batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the waste ternary lithium battery into a shredder, performing primary shredding treatment on the ternary lithium battery to enable the battery shell, the battery pole piece and the battery diaphragm to be shredded and separated to be in a loose state, and performing dust collection treatment on volatile gas generated in the process through a dust collection device;
s2, conveying the battery fragments subjected to primary shredding to a winnowing vibration machine for winnowing and vibration separation, screening black powder generated in the primary shredding process through vibration, and enabling the screened black powder to enter a material powder bin; blowing out battery diaphragms mixed in the battery fragments through a winnowing vibration process, and recycling the blown battery diaphragms to a diaphragm bin;
s3, removing a battery magnetic shell and a current collecting nickel net existing in the seal material from the air-separated battery fragments through a magnetic separator;
s4, conveying the battery crushed materials subjected to magnetic separation to a secondary crusher for fine crushing, wherein the crushing degree of the fragments is kept consistent;
s5, feeding the finely crushed material into an airflow powder removing machine for flexible powder removal, separating battery powder on the pole piece, and collecting battery black powder through a material powder bin; discharging the residual copper-aluminum foil of the battery subjected to the airflow powder removal through the lower end of the airflow powder removal machine, and recycling and applying;
the size of the battery fragments subjected to primary shredding in the S1 is 2 x 2 cm-2.5 x 2.5 cm;
introducing inert gas into the shredder in the S1, and keeping the whole crushing process under the inert gas;
the air volume of the winnowing vibration machine in the S2 is 8000m3/h～10000m3/h；
Screening black powder generated by primary shredding in the S2, wherein the mesh number of the screen is 800-1200 meshes;
the cell pieces in S3 were crushed at a size of 1 × 1cm to 1.5 × 1.5 cm;
the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separator in S3 is 9000 GS-12000 GS;
the crushed size of the finely crushed battery pieces in S4 is 0.7 × 0.7cm to 1 × 1 cm;
the air flow of the airflow powder remover in the S5 is 40000m3/h～80000m3/h；
And the time of the airflow powder removing machine in the S5 is 5-10 min.
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| CN111921673B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-21 | 薛小军 | New energy automobile waste battery recovery unit |
| CN112310503A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-02 | 安化县泰森循环科技有限公司 | Waste lithium battery recovery processing method |
| CN112620314A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 北京博萃循环科技有限公司 | Method for disassembling and sorting waste lithium ion battery monomer |
| CN113113691B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-03-14 | 浙江天能新材料有限公司 | Dry-method powder removing equipment for waste lithium ion battery diaphragm |
| CN114614129B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2023-10-27 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Ternary polar powder recycling method |
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