CN110692175B - 具有减载的电动车辆充电器 - Google Patents

具有减载的电动车辆充电器 Download PDF

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CN110692175B
CN110692175B CN201880036015.XA CN201880036015A CN110692175B CN 110692175 B CN110692175 B CN 110692175B CN 201880036015 A CN201880036015 A CN 201880036015A CN 110692175 B CN110692175 B CN 110692175B
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M·萨莫耶登
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00024—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

Abstract

用于具有减载的电动车辆充电器的方法和设备。一个实施例提供了一种减载的方法，其包括在EV充电器的电子处理器处接收流经连接至EV充电器的主配电板的电流量的指示，并利用电子处理器确定电流量是否超过预定阈值。该方法还包括当电流量超过预定阈值时，使用电子处理器减少EV充电器的充电额定值。

Description

具有减载的电动车辆充电器
相关申请
本申请要求于2017年5月16日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/506,816号的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
实施例总体上涉及用于电动车辆的充电器。
发明内容
电动车辆(EV)充电器可以在高电流下运行，以为电动车辆提供快速充电。当与某个地点(例如，住宅、办公楼等)中的其他设备一起使用时，EV充电器与其他设备一起使用可能会给该位置的主配电板带来很大的负载，从而导致配电板使一个或多个断路器跳闸。
一个实施例提供了一种减载的方法，其包括在EV充电器的电子处理器处接收流过连接至EV充电器的主配电板的电流量的指示，并且利用电子处理器确定电流量是否超过预定阈值。该方法还包括当电流量超过预定阈值时，使用电子处理器减少EV充电器的充电额定值。
另一个实施例提供了一种减载的方法，其包括在EV充电器的电子处理器处接收流经连接至EV充电器的主配电板的电流量的第一指示，并且利用电子处理器确定电流量是否超过第一预定阈值。该方法还包括利用电子处理器确定EV充电器的充电额定值是否处于第一额定值，以及当电流量超过第一预定阈值并且充电额定值处于第一额定值时，使用电子处理器将EV充电器的充电额定值减少至第二额定值。该方法进一步包括在电子处理器处接收流过主配电板的电流量的第二指示，并且利用电子处理器确定电流量是否低于第二预定阈值。该方法还包括利用电子处理器确定EV充电器的充电额定值是否处于第二额定值，以及当电流量低于第二预定阈值并且当充电额定值处于第二额定值时，使用电子处理器将EV充电器的充电额定值增加至第一额定值。
又一个实施例提供了一种充电器，其包括连接至充电器收发器和减载器的电子处理器。电子处理器被配置为通过充电器收发器接收流过连接至充电器的主配电板的电流量的指示，并确定电流量是否超过预定阈值。电子处理器还被配置为当电流量超过预定阈值时减少充电器的充电额定值。
又一个实施例提供了一种充电器，其包括连接至充电器收发器和减载器的电子处理器。电子处理器被配置为通过充电器收发器接收流过连接至充电器的主配电板的电流量的第一指示，并确定电流量是否超过第一预定阈值。电子处理器还被配置为确定充电器的充电额定值是否处于第一额定值，以及当电流量超过第一预定阈值并且当充电额定值处于第一额定值时，将充电器的充电额定值减少至第二额定值。电子处理器被进一步配置为接收流过主配电板的电流量的第二指示，并确定电流量是否超过第二预定阈值。电子处理器还被配置为确定充电器的充电额定值是否处于第二额定值，以及电流量低于第二预定阈值并且当充电额定值处于第二额定值时，将充电器的充电额定值增加至第一额定值。
通过考虑详细描述和附图，本申请的其他方面将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是根据一些实施例的配电系统的框图。
图2是根据一些实施例的图1的配电系统的主配电板的框图。
图3是根据一些实施例的电动车辆充电器的框图。
图4是示出根据一些实施例的减载方法的流程图。
图5是示出根据一些实施例的减载方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在详细解释本申请的任何实施例之前，应当理解，本申请并不限于将其应用于以下描述中所阐述的或附图中所示出的构造细节和部件的设置。本申请能够具有其他实施例并且能够按照各种方式来实践或实施。
在一些应用中(例如，住宅应用)，主配电板可以额定为在低于100安培下运行。因此，当流过主配电板的电流超过100安培时，主配电板可以使保险丝或断路器跳闸，以防止损坏配电系统中的电气系统。EV充电器可以额定为在32安培下运行。当将EV充电器与其他高额定功率家用电器(例如真空吸尘器、空间加热器等)结合使用时，从主配电板汲取的电流可能会超过100安培，并因此会使主配电板的保险丝或断路器跳闸。在一些实施例中，当从主配电板汲取的电流超过最大电流时，可以通过减少EV充电器的额定值来校正这一问题。然而，在这些实施例中，当主配电板在正常条件下操作时，EV充电器可能不会返回到正常额定值，从而影响所提供的充电质量。
图1是配电系统100的一个实施例的框图。在所示的示例中，配电系统100包括主配电板110，其从电网120接收电力，该电网例如是公用事业公司的电网、家庭电网、太阳能电池板、风力涡轮机等。用于给电动车辆140充电的电动车辆(EV)充电器130连接至主配电板110以接收操作功率。其他电器150，例如家用电器、充电器等也可以连接至主配电板110以接收操作功率。主配电板110、EV充电器130和其他电器150可以通过通信网络160进行通信。通信网络160可以是无线通信网络，例如广域网(WAN)(例如，因特网，基于TCP/IP的网络，蜂窝网络，例如全球移动通信系统[GSM])网络、通用分组无线业务[GPRS]网络、码分多址[CDMA]网络、演进数据优化[EV-DO]网络、增强型数据速率GSM演进[EDGE]网络、第3代GSM网络、第4代GSM网络、增强型数字无绳电信[DECT]网络、数字AMPS[IS-136/TDMA]网络或集成数字增强型网络[iDEN]网络等)。在其他实施例中，网络是例如采用诸如Wi-Fi、蓝牙、ZigBee等多种通信协议中的任何一种的局域网(LAN)、邻域网(NAN)、家庭局域网(HAN)或个人局域网(PAN)。在又一个实施例中，网络160包括广域网(WAN)、局域网(LAN)、邻域网(NAN)、家庭局域网(HAN)或个人局域网(PAN)中的一个或多个。
图2是主配电板110的一个实施例的框图。主配电板110包括主电力线210、配电板220、电流传感器230和收发器240。主电力线210连接至电网120以接收电力，随后电力由配电系统100进行分配。配电板220将电力从电网120提供给房屋中的电器。电流传感器230检测流过主配电板110的电流。在一些实施例中，断路器(未示出)也可以连接至电流传感器230，以在流过主配电板110的电流过量的情况下切断向家用电器的电流供应。
收发器240能够通过通信网络160实现从主配电板110到例如EV充电器130、其他电器150等的无线通信。在其他实施例中，主配电板110而非收发器240可以包括单独的发送和接收组件，例如，发射器和接收器。在其他实施例中，主配电板110可以仅包括发射器。收发器240可以连接至电流传感器230或连接至被连接至电流传感器230的配电板电子处理器(未示出)(例如，远程计算机的电子处理器)。收发器240被配置为发送流过主配电板110的电流量的指示。
图3是EV充电器130的一个实施例的框图。在所示的示例中，EV充电器130包括电子处理器310、充电器收发器320和减载器330。
在一些实施例中，电子处理器310被实现为具有单独存储器的微处理器。在其他实施例中，电子处理器310可以被实现为微控制器(存储器在同一芯片上)。在其他实施例中，电子处理器310可以使用多个处理器来实现。此外，电子处理器310可以部分地或全部地实现为例如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和专用集成电路(ASIC)等，并且可能不需要存储器或可能相应地对存储器进行修改。
充电器收发器320使EV充电器130能够例如通过通信网络160与主配电板110、其他电器150等进行无线通信。在其他实施例中，EV充电器130而非充电器收发器320可以包括单独的发送和接收组件，例如，发射器和接收器。
减载器330连接在从主配电板110接收操作电力的电力线340上。减载器330可以是充电电路，或者是EV充电器130的充电电路的一部分。减载器330可以从电子处理器310接收控制信号。减载器330可以被配置为减少提供给电动车辆140的电流量，从而减少从主配电板110汲取的电流量。在一些实施例中，减载器330被实现为限流电路。例如，减载器330可以被实现为可变电阻器、三端双向可控硅开关元件等。在另一示例中，减载器330可以被实现为PWM控制的场效应晶体管(FET)电路等。
图4是示出减载的一种示例性方法400的流程图。应当理解，方法400中所公开的步骤的次序可以改变。也可以将其他步骤添加到控制序列中，并且可能并非需要所有步骤。如图4所示，方法400包括在电子处理器310处接收流过主配电板110的电流量的指示(在框410处)。主配电板110包括电流传感器230，其测量流过主配电板110的电流。主配电板110可以通过通信网络160经由收发器240发送流过主配电板110的电流量的指示。电子处理器310经由充电器收发器320通过通信网络160接收指示。主配电板110可以周期性地发送指示，例如在每1毫秒之后、每1秒之后、每5秒之后等。
方法400还包括利用电子处理器310确定电流量是否超过预定阈值(框420)。预定阈值可以是可在不使保险丝或断路器跳闸的情况下流过主配电板110的最大电流量的百分比。例如，预定阈值可以是最大电流的90％。在一些实施例中，可以将默认阈值编程到EV充电器130中，该默认阈值可以由用户来改变。当电子处理器310确定电流量不超过预定阈值时，方法400循环回到框410。
当电子处理器310确定电流量超过预定阈值时，则减少EV充电器130的充电额定值(在框430处)。减少充电额定值可以包括减少由EV充电器130从主配电板110汲取的电流量。电子处理器310可以向减载器330提供控制信号，以命令减载器330减少EV充电器130的充电额定值。
图5是示出减载的另一个示例性方法500的流程图。应当理解，方法500中所公开的步骤的次序可以改变。也可以将其他步骤添加到控制序列中，并且可能并非需要所有步骤。如图5所示，方法500包括在电子处理器310处接收流过主配电板110的电流量的第一指示(在框510处)。如上所述，电子处理器310可以通过通信网络160从主配电板110接收指示。
方法500进一步包括利用电子处理器310确定电流量是否超过第一预定阈值(在框520处)。如上所述，第一预定阈值可以是允许流过主配电板110的最大电流量的百分比。当电子处理器310确定电流量不超过第一预定阈值时，方法500循环回到框510。当电子处理器310确定电流量超过第一预定阈值时，方法500包括利用电子处理器310确定EV充电器130的充电额定值是否处于第一额定值(在框530处)。例如，电子处理器310可以确定EV充电器130正在最大额定值下操作并且以EV充电器130的最大额定量汲取电流。当电子处理器310确定EV充电器130的充电额定值未处于第一额定值时，方法500循环回到框510。
当电子处理器310确定电流量超过第一预定阈值并且EV充电器130的充电额定值处于第一额定值时，方法500包括将充电额定值减少至第二额定值(在框540处)。第二额定值可以是低于第一额定值的额定值。例如，第二额定值可以包括EV充电器130从主配电板110汲取最小量的充电电流。例如，第二额定值可以包括以例如最大额定电流的大约15％至最大额定电流的大约25％来操作EV充电器130。在一些实施例中，当电流量超过预定阈值时，电子处理器310可以关闭充电。
方法500包括在电子处理器310处接收流过主配电板110的电流量的第二指示(在框550处)。第二指示可以在第一指示之后一定量的时间时接收。方法500包括利用电子处理器310确定电流量是否低于第二预定阈值(在框560处)。第二预定阈值可以低于第一预定阈值。例如，第二预定阈值可以被设置为例如允许流过主配电板110的最大电流量的大约35％至最大电流量的大约45％。当电子处理器310确定电流量不超过第二预定阈值时，方法500循环回到框550。
当电子处理器310确定电流量不超过第二预定阈值时，方法500还包括利用电子处理器310确定EV充电器130的充电额定值是否处于第二额定值(在框570处)。当电子处理器310确定EV充电器130的充电额定值不处于第二额定值时，方法500循环回到框550。当电子处理器310确定电流量超过第二预定阈值并且EV充电器130的充电额定值处于第二额定值时，方法500包括将充电额定值增加至第一额定值(在框580处)。例如，电子处理器310可以基于第二指示来确定使EV充电器130返回至最大额定值将导致流过主配电板110的电流量超过最大允许电流。电子处理器310因此可以增加EV充电器130的充电额定值，以允许对电动车辆140的快速充电。
在一些实施例中，不同于在两个充电额定值(即，第一额定值和第二额定值)之间切换，电子处理器310可以基于流过主配电板110的电流量在多个充电额定值之间切换EV充电器130。
本领域普通技术人员将理解，方法400和500中所描述的功能可以由电子处理器310执行，或者可以在电子处理器310和主配电板的电子处理器之间共享。此外，尽管方法400和500被描述为由EV充电器130执行，但是功能可以由连接至主配电板110的任何充电器或电器执行。在其他实施例中，方法400和500中所描述的功能可以由连接至通信网络150以控制EV充电器130的远程计算机(例如，膝上型计算机、智能电话等)执行。
因此，除了其他方面之外，该应用提供了具有减载的电动车辆充电器。

Claims (16)

1.一种减载方法，所述方法包括：
在电子处理器处接收流过连接至电动车辆充电器的主配电板的电流量的指示；
利用所述电子处理器确定所述电流量是否超过预定阈值，其中所述预定阈值是允许流过所述主配电板的最大电流量的百分比；
利用所述电子处理器确定所述电动车辆充电器的充电额定值是否处于第一充电额定值；以及
当所述电流量超过所述预定阈值且当所述充电额定值处于所述第一充电额定值时，使用所述电子处理器将所述电动车辆充电器的所述充电额定值减少至第二充电额定值；
其中所述指示是通过无线通信网络接收的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电子处理器是选自由所述电动车辆充电器的电子处理器和远程计算机的电子处理器组成的群组中的至少一个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中减少所述充电额定值包括减少所述电动车辆充电器的充电电流。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括：
在所述电子处理器处接收流过所述主配电板的电流量的第二指示；
利用所述电子处理器确定所述电流量是否低于第二预定阈值；以及
当所述电流量低于所述第二预定阈值时，使用所述电子处理器增加所述电动车辆充电器的所述充电额定值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中增加所述充电额定值包括增加所述电动车辆充电器的充电电流。
6.一种减载方法，所述方法包括：
在电动车辆充电器的电子处理器处接收流过连接至所述电动车辆充电器的主配电板的电流量的第一指示；
利用所述电子处理器确定所述电流量是否超过第一预定阈值，其中所述第一预定阈值是允许流过所述主配电板的最大电流量的百分比；
利用所述电子处理器确定所述电动车辆充电器的充电额定值是否处于第一充电额定值；
当所述电流量超过所述第一预定阈值并且当所述充电额定值处于所述第一充电额定值时，使用所述电子处理器将所述电动车辆充电器的所述充电额定值减少至第二充电额定值；
在所述电子处理器处接收流过所述主配电板的电流量的第二指示；
利用所述电子处理器确定所述电流量是否低于第二预定阈值；
利用所述电子处理器确定所述电动车辆充电器的所述充电额定值是否处于所述第二充电额定值；以及
当所述电流量低于所述第二预定阈值并且当所述充电额定值处于所述第二充电额定值时，使用所述电子处理器将所述电动车辆充电器的所述充电额定值增加至所述第一充电额定值；
其中所述第一指示和所述第二指示是通过无线通信网络接收的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述电子处理器是选自由所述电动车辆充电器的电子处理器和远程计算机的电子处理器组成的群组中的至少一个。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中减少所述充电额定值包括减少所述电动车辆充电器的充电电流。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中增加所述充电额定值包括增加所述电动车辆充电器的充电电流。
10.一种充电器，包括：
充电器收发器；
减载器；以及
电子处理器，其耦合至所述充电器收发器和所述减载器，所述电子处理器被配置为：
通过所述充电器收发器接收流过连接至所述充电器的主配电板的电流量的指示，
确定所述电流量是否超过预定阈值，其中所述预定阈值是允许流过所述主配电板的最大电流量的百分比，
确定所述充电器的充电额定值是否处于第一充电额定值，并且
当所述电流量超过所述预定阈值且当所述充电额定值处于所述第一充电额定值时，使用所述减载器将所述充电器的所述充电额定值值减少至第二充电额定值；
其中所述指示是通过无线通信网络接收的。
11.根据权利要求10所述的充电器，其中减少所述充电额定值包括减少所述充电器的充电电流。
12.根据权利要求10所述的充电器，其中所述电子处理器进一步被配置为：
通过所述充电器收发器接收流过所述主配电板的电流量的第二指示；
确定所述电流量是否低于第二预定阈值；并且
当所述电流量低于所述第二预定阈值时，增加所述充电器的所述充电额定值。
13.根据权利要求10所述的充电器，其中增加所述充电额定值包括增加所述充电器的充电电流。
14.一种充电器，包括：
充电器收发器；
减载器；以及
电子处理器，其耦合至所述充电器收发器和所述减载器，所述电子处理器被配置为：
通过所述充电器收发器接收流过连接至所述充电器的主配电板的电流量的第一指示，
确定所述电流量是否超过第一预定阈值，其中所述第一预定阈值是允许流过所述主配电板的最大电流量的百分比，
确定所述充电器的充电额定值是否处于第一充电额定值，
当所述电流量超过所述第一预定阈值并且当所述充电额定值处于所述第一充电额定值时，将所述充电器的所述充电额定值减少至第二充电额定值，
接收流过所述主配电板的电流量的第二指示；
确定所述电流量是否低于第二预定阈值；
确定所述充电器的所述充电额定值是否处于所述第二充电额定值，并且
当所述电流量低于所述第二预定阈值并且当所述充电额定值处于所述第二充电额定值时，将所述充电器的所述充电额定值增加至所述第一充电额定值；
其中所述第一指示和所述第二指示是通过无线通信网络接收的。
15.根据权利要求14所述的充电器，其中减少所述充电额定值包括减少所述充电器的充电电流。
16.根据权利要求14所述的充电器，其中增加所述充电额定值包括增加所述充电器的充电电流。
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