CN110688779A - Method for determining viscosity characteristic of oil-water emulsification system by considering phase separation behavior - Google Patents
Method for determining viscosity characteristic of oil-water emulsification system by considering phase separation behavior Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining the viscosity characteristic of an oil-water emulsification system by considering phase separation behavior, which comprises the following steps: firstly, identifying the phase inversion characteristics of an oil-water emulsification system; establishing the relationship between the water content of the original homogeneous phase oil-water emulsification system and the holdup of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase; thirdly, describing the phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsification system and constructing the mutual relation of the phase separation characteristic parameters; fourthly, considering the viscosity expression of an oil-water emulsification system of the phase separation behavior; fifthly, determining the phase holdup and physical properties of the oil-water emulsification system under a certain temperature mixing transportation condition and in a phase separation state. The invention breaks through the bottleneck that the oil-water emulsion is uniformly used as a homogeneous phase system for representation, and starts from possible different layering forms of 'free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase', 'homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase' and 'free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase', and the like, and effectively constructs the mathematical expression for describing the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsion system under the conditions of different temperatures and different original water contents.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a crude oil multiphase system pipeline transportation process technology, in particular to a method for determining the viscosity characteristic of an oil-water emulsification system by considering phase separation behavior.
Background art:
the development of the oil field under the background of supply side reformation needs to be combined with a concrete production process to explore effective ways of reducing investment and controlling cost from multiple dimensions, wherein oil-water mixed transportation is a simplified process mode for realizing energy conservation, consumption reduction, cost reduction and efficiency improvement of an oil field ground production system. In particular, as Oil field development continues to enter the middle and high water-containing periods, and deep-sea Oil field exploration and development, Oil-water mixed Transportation has become an efficient and inevitable process choice (Kang Wanli, Liu guiban, GuanYu, Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2006, 25 (4): 50-54; LiuYang, Oil & Gas heating and Transportation, 2015). However, different from the Transportation of a crude Oil single-phase system, the Transportation of a crude Oil multi-phase system represented by Oil-water mixed Transportation also involves various problems caused by Oil-water emulsification, such as production phenomena of emulsification gelation and gelation siltation of Oil-water phases under the influence of temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of a Transportation pipeline and along-the-way temperature drop, and the influence degree of the problems on the safe flow guarantee of the pipeline is closely related to the properties, the moisture content, the flow field characteristics and the like of crude Oil (Wang Zhihua, Liu Yang, Zhang qi, Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation), 2016, 35 (3): 263-271). In order to solve the problems existing and faced in the production, multi-objective Optimization is required to be carried out in the design of the mixing and transportation pipeline, especially in the formulation of an operation scheme of the mixing and transportation pipeline, and the determination of the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water mixture of the transported working medium is the basis and the key for developing Optimization work (Liu Yang, Optimization principles and methods for Large-Scale oil and Gas Network System, 2019). It is further worth mentioning that mixed transportation pipeline outages due to well operations, pipeline maintenance, well station coordination control and unforeseeable sudden production accidents etc. are no longer rare (Zhang Jinjun, Yu Bo, Yu Pengfei (in Pengfei), Han Dongxu (korean eastern asa), Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2016, 1 (1): 154-163), where the estimation of pipeline restart pressure requires first determining the viscosity characteristics characterizing the flow capacity of the transported working fluid if the pipeline allows to estimate the gelation process characteristics of the transported working fluid first.
As a thermodynamically unstable system, even if various conditions for promoting and stabilizing emulsification are created in the conveying working condition, phase separation is inevitable during the actual conveying process, especially during the pipeline transportation stop period (LiChuanxian, Yang Fei, Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2009, 21 (6): 1124-1133). Therefore, the oil-water emulsification systems with different water content numbers are regarded as homogeneous systems for carrying out characteristic description and characterization including viscosity property determination and the like, the scientificity and the reliability are lacked, the design of a mixed transportation pipeline and the optimization of an operation scheme of the mixed transportation pipeline are taken as examples, the viscosity of the homogeneous system is used for representing the viscosity of an actual mixed transportation system, so that the division of an operation technical boundary is definitely blurred, the stop and restart work of the mixed transportation pipeline is taken as an example, the viscosity of the homogeneous system is used for representing the viscosity of the actual mixed transportation system, the estimation of the stop and restart pressure of the pipeline is definitely not correct, and the safe flow guarantee of the pipeline and the potential excavation of energy saving and consumption reduction of a transportation process are directly influenced. Meanwhile, the method for determining the viscosity through routine experimental tests is complicated and inconvenient for an oil-water emulsion system with dynamically changed water content in the actual production process, and the phase separation behavior of the oil-water emulsion system is related to the composition and properties of an internal phase and an external phase and also related to external environmental factors, which all bring challenges to the improvement of experimental test means and the stability and reliability of test results (Dou Dan, Gong Jing, Chemical Engineering, 2006, 34 (9): 39-42). However, considering that the identification of the phase separation behavior can not only reproduce the physical property evolution of the oil-water emulsion system under the pipe conveying and standing conditions, but also quantitatively distinguish the proportion of a free oil phase, a homogeneous emulsion phase and a free water phase in the oil-water emulsion system, thereby providing possibility and way for reliably determining the viscosity of the oil-water emulsion system. Therefore, the invention provides a method for determining the viscosity characteristic of an oil-water emulsification system considering phase separation behaviors, which solves the problem of quickly and reliably determining the key physical property parameter of the viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system of a conveyed working medium during the design of a mixing and conveying pipeline and the optimization of an operation scheme thereof and the estimation of the stop and restart pressure of the mixing and conveying pipeline in the mixing and conveying process of a crude oil multiphase system, has important value for promoting the personalized design and application of the oil-water mixing and conveying process of different oil fields, and is beneficial to enriching and expanding the multiphase flow theory and the research method thereof.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an oil-water emulsification system viscosity characteristic determination method considering phase separation behaviors, which is used for solving the problem of quantitative description of the oil-water emulsification system flow characteristics in the processes of mixed transportation pipeline design, operation scheme optimization and stop and restart pressure estimation, and particularly solving the problem of general expression of the oil-water mixture qualitative homogeneous system without combination of the phase separation behaviors in the process of determining the viscosity parameters representing the oil-water emulsification system flow characteristics.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for determining the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior comprises the following steps:
firstly, identifying the phase inversion characteristics of an oil-water emulsification system: conducting performance test is carried out on the oil-water emulsion with known water content from low to high, the corresponding water content of the system when the conductivity is obviously increased is the emulsion phase inversion water content, the water content is lower than the corresponding water content, the water-in-oil emulsion is formed by the system, the water content is higher than the corresponding water content, and the oil-in-water emulsion is formed by the system, so that the identification of the water content of the phase inversion point of the oil-water emulsion system is completed;
(II) establishing the relationship between the water content of the original homogeneous oil-water emulsification system and the holdup of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase: describing the proportion of each phase of the oil-water emulsified system in the oil-water mixed transportation pipeline as the holdup of the oil-water emulsified system in the system, wherein for the water-in-oil emulsion identified in the step (I), the dispersed phase in the system is an aqueous phase, and the continuous phase is an oil phase; for the oil-in-water type emulsion identified in the step (I), the dispersed phase in the system is oil phase, the continuous phase is water phase, in the homogeneous state, because no phase separation occurs, the holdup of the dispersed phase and the water phase of the water-in-oil type emulsion system in the oil-water mixing and conveying pipeline is the same as the original water content of the system, and the holdup of the continuous phase and the water phase of the oil-in-water type emulsion system in the oil-water mixing and conveying pipeline is the same as the original water content of the system, then the:
water-in-oil type emulsification System hd＝fw
Oil-in-water type emulsion system hc＝fw
In the formula: h isdRetention of dispersed phase,%; h iscContinuous phase holdup,%; f. ofwThe original water content of the oil-water emulsification system is percent;
thus, the establishment of the relationship between the water content of the original homogeneous phase oil-water emulsification system and the holdup of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase is completed;
(III) describing the phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsification system and constructing the mutual relation of the oil-water emulsification system: when phase separation behavior occurs in a mixed transportation working condition at a certain temperature, whether the original water-in-oil emulsion or the original oil-in-water emulsion, an emulsion system with the water content exists in a two-phase form consisting of a free oil phase and a homogeneous emulsion phase, or a two-phase form consisting of a homogeneous emulsion phase and a free water phase, or a three-phase form consisting of a free oil phase, a homogeneous emulsion phase and a free water phase, and the phase separation characteristics are described by the holdup of each phase, then for the original water-in-oil emulsion:
when the system is present in two-phase layered form "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase":
hd＝fw
he+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hd]
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "homogeneous emulsion phase-free aqueous phase":
hd+hfw＝fw
he+hfw＝1
he＝ho+hd
when the system is present in the form of a three-phase separation of "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase":
hd+hfw＝fw
he+hfw+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hd]
for the original oil-in-water emulsion:
when the system is present in two-phase layered form "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase":
hc＝fw
he+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hc]
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "homogeneous emulsion phase-free aqueous phase":
hc+hfw＝fw
he+hfw＝1
he＝ho+hc
when the system is present in the form of a three-phase separation of "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase":
hc+hfw＝fw
he+hfw+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hc]
in the above formula: h iseIs the retention rate of homogeneous emulsion phase,%; h isfoFree oil retention,%; h isfwFree water retention,%; h isoThe oil phase holdup in an oil-water emulsification system is percent; h isdRetention of dispersed phase,%; h iscContinuous phase holdup,%; f. ofwThe original water content of the oil-water emulsification system is percent;
thus completing the description of the oil-water emulsification system phase separation characteristic parameters and the construction of the mutual relation of the oil-water emulsification system phase separation characteristic parameters;
(IV) oil-water emulsification system viscosity expression considering phase separation behavior: under a certain temperature mixing transportation working condition, when a phase separation action occurs to enable an oil-water emulsification system in an oil-water mixing transportation pipeline to be converted into a two-phase or three-phase layered form, corresponding to (III), when an original water-in-oil type or original oil-in-water type emulsion is converted into a two-phase layered form of a free oil phase-a homogeneous emulsion phase:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηehe
when the original water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion evolves into a two-phase layered form of homogeneous emulsion-free water phase:
μmix＝ηehe+μfwhfw
when the original water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion evolves into a three-phase layered form of free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηehe+μfwhfw
and combining the mutual relation among the phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsion system constructed in the step three, and regarding the original water-in-oil emulsion:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+hd]+μfwhfw
for the original oil-in-water emulsion:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+hc]+μfwhfw
since in the original water-in-oil emulsion phase separation behavior occurred: h isd＝fw-hfwAmong the original oil-in-water emulsions that underwent phase separation behavior were: h isc＝fw-hfwThe viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior is expressed as:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+(fw-hfw)]+μfwhfw
in the formula, mumixThe viscosity of an oil-water emulsification system is Pa.s; mu.sfoIs the viscosity of the free oil phase, Pa.s; mu.sfwIs the viscosity of the free aqueous phase, pa.s; etaeApparent viscosity, pa.s, of a homogeneous emulsion phase; h iseIs the retention rate of homogeneous emulsion phase,%; h isfoFree oil retention,%; h isfwFree water retention,%; h isoThe oil phase holdup in an oil-water emulsification system is percent; h isdRetention of dispersed phase,%; h iscContinuous phase holdup,%; f. ofwThe original water content of the oil-water emulsification system is percent;
therefore, the mathematical expression of the viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior is realized;
and (V) determining the holdup and physical properties of each phase of the oil-water emulsion system in a phase separation state: determining the volume ratio of each layered phase under a phase separation state under a certain temperature condition by adopting a fluorescent dyeing method, further determining the holdup of a separated oil phase, a homogeneous emulsion phase and a free water phase under the condition, and determining and obtaining the viscosity of a crude oil phase and a water phase; the oil holdup in the oil-water emulsification system meets the following requirements:
ho＝1-fw
apparent viscosity for homogeneous emulsion phase:
emulsifying System eta in Water-in-oil forme＝μo(1-hd)+μwhdWherein h isd＝fw-hfw
Emulsifying system eta of the original oil-in-water typee＝μo(1-hc)+μwhcWherein h isc+hfw＝fwIn the above formula,. mu.oIs the viscosity of the crude oil phase, Pa.s, muo＝μfo；μwViscosity in the aqueous phase, Pa.s, μw＝μfw。
Thus, the phase holdup and physical properties of the oil-water emulsion system under a certain temperature mixing transportation condition in a phase separation state are determined.
When the phase inversion characteristic of the oil-water emulsion system is identified in the scheme, the conductivity of the oil-water emulsion is obtained by testing with a conductivity tester.
When the fluorescent staining method in the scheme is used for determining the holdup of each phase, a mode of adding water-soluble fluorescent dye into an oil-water emulsification system is adopted.
In the scheme, a bottle test method is adopted when the retentivity of each phase is determined by fluorescent staining.
In the scheme, the viscosities of the crude oil phase and the water phase are obtained by adopting a rotational rheometer for testing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention considers two main emulsification forms of the oil-water emulsion, which is fit for the actual phase inversion characteristic of oil-water emulsification in the process of changing the water content, and covers all working media which can be applied in the oil-water mixed transportation process, thereby avoiding the limitation of the method in popularization and application; the technical problem that the viscosity of a conveyed working medium oil-water emulsification system is reliably determined when the stop and restart pressure of a mixed conveying pipeline is estimated is solved.
Based on the establishment of the relationship between the water content of the oil-water emulsification system in the original homogeneous state and the holdup of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase, the invention describes characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsification system when different phase separation behaviors occur according to the differences of emulsification types and phase separation layering forms, and establishes the relationship among the characteristic parameters, so that the comprehensive, scientific and accurate determination of the viscosity property of the oil-water emulsification system in the phase separation state becomes possible.
And thirdly, the invention fully considers the potential phase separation behavior to construct the unified expression of the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system, thereby not only meeting the actual action characteristics among phases in the oil-water mixed transportation process, but also being convenient for realizing the description of the viscosity characteristics of different oil-water emulsification systems by adopting a unified mode, further ensuring the effectiveness of obtaining the viscosity parameter of the oil-water emulsification system, and being beneficial to the evaluation of the working medium transportation capability of the oil-water mixed transportation system under the real working condition and the reliable application in the development of corresponding flow guarantee technologies.
The invention breaks through the bottleneck that the oil-water emulsion is uniformly used as a homogeneous phase system for representation, starts from possible different layering forms of 'free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase', 'homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase' and 'free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase', and the like, effectively constructs mathematical expressions for describing the viscosity characteristics of the oil-water emulsion system under the conditions of different temperatures and different original water contents, and provides a beneficial and unified method for scientifically, quickly and reliably determining the viscosity for representing the flow capacity of the oil-water mixing system in the mixing and conveying pipeline.
The invention identifies the water content of the phase inversion point of the emulsion system according to the relationship between the conductivity and the type of the emulsion, and the bottle test method based on fluorescent dyeing is utilized to determine the holdup of each layered phase, the principle is clear and feasible, the method is scientific and reliable, and the method can break through the traditional method for determining the viscosity characteristic of an oil-water emulsification system, the method effectively provides a method for determining the viscosity characteristic of an oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior according to the limitation of general description and characterization of a homogeneous system under any working condition of temperature and water content, and the relevant parameters in the mathematical expression are easy to obtain, scientific, operable and practical, can provide key physical parameters for the design of the crude oil multiphase mixing pipeline and the optimization of the operation scheme thereof, and the estimation of the pipeline stop and restart pressure, meanwhile, the individual design and application of oil-water mixed transportation processes of different oil fields can be promoted, and the multi-phase flow theoretical basis and the research method thereof are enriched.
Fourthly, explanation of the attached drawings:
FIGS. 1 and 3 are schematic diagrams illustrating the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A, B-B, C-C, D-D of FIG. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view a-A, B-B, C-C, D-D of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the water content of an oil-water emulsion and the electrical conductivity of a system.
1 oil-water mixing and conveying pipeline 2 dispersed phase water phase 3 continuous phase oil phase 4 dispersed phase oil phase 5 continuous phase water phase 6 homogeneous emulsion phase 7 free oil phase 8 free water phase.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figure 1, in an oil-water mixed transportation pipeline 1, a dispersed phase water phase 2 is dispersed in a continuous phase oil phase 3 to form an original water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsification system, and in the process of pipeline transportation flowing or stopping transportation and standing, three possible layered forms of a free oil phase 7 and a homogeneous emulsion phase 6, a homogeneous emulsion phase 6 and a free water phase 8, a free oil phase 7, a homogeneous emulsion phase 6 and a free water phase 8 and the like are formed as shown in figure 2 due to the occurrence of phase separation behaviors.
Similarly, as shown in fig. 3, in the oil-water mixing pipeline 1, the dispersed phase oil phase 4 is dispersed in the continuous phase water phase 5 to form an original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsification system, and during the process of pipe transportation flowing or stopping transportation and standing, three possible layered forms, such as the free oil phase 7 and the homogeneous emulsion phase 6, the homogeneous emulsion phase 6 and the free water phase 8, the free oil phase 7, the homogeneous emulsion phase 6 and the free water phase 8, and the like, are formed due to the occurrence of phase separation behavior as shown in fig. 4.
The method for determining the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (I) testing the conductivity of an oil-water emulsion with known water content from low to high by using a conductivity tester aiming at a target transmission working medium of an oil-water mixed transmission pipeline 1, determining that the corresponding water content when the conductivity of a system is obviously increased is an emulsion phase inversion water content which is lower than the water content, forming a water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsion by the system, and forming an oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion by the system which is higher than the water content.
Therefore, the identification of the water content of the phase inversion point of the oil-water emulsification system is completed.
(II) describing the proportion of each phase of the oil-water emulsifying system in any stage of the oil-water mixing and conveying pipeline 1 as the holding rate of the oil-water emulsifying system in the system, wherein for the water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsion identified in the step (I), the system comprises a dispersed phase water phase 2 and a continuous phase oil phase 3, and for the oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion identified in the step (I), the system comprises a dispersed phase oil phase 4 and a continuous phase water phase 5, under the homogeneous phase state, because the phase separation does not occur, the holding rate of the dispersed phase water phase 2 of the oil-water (W/O) type emulsifying system in the oil-water mixing and conveying pipeline 1 is the same as the original water content of the system, and the holding rate of the continuous phase water phase 5 of the oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsifying system in the oil-water mixing and conveying:
water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsification system hd＝fw
Oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsification systems hc＝fw
In the formula: h isdRetention of dispersed phase,%; h iscContinuous phase holdup,%; f. ofwIs the original water content of the oil-water emulsification system percent.
Thus, the establishment of the relationship between the water content of the original homogeneous phase oil-water emulsification system and the holding rates of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase is completed.
(III) when phase separation action occurs in a mixed transportation working condition at a certain temperature, whether the original water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsion or the original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion, a system with the water content exists in a two-phase form consisting of a free oil phase 7 and a homogeneous emulsion phase 6 (or the homogeneous emulsion phase 6 and a free water phase 8) or a three-phase form consisting of the free oil phase 7, the homogeneous emulsion phase 6 and the free water phase 8, and the phase separation characteristics are described by the holdup of each phase, so that for the original water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsion:
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "free oil phase 7-homogeneous emulsion phase 6":
hd＝fw
he+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hd]
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "homogeneous emulsion phase 6-free aqueous phase 8":
hd+hfw＝fw
he+hfw＝1
he＝ho+hd
when the system is present in the form of a three-phase layer of "free oil phase 7-homogeneous emulsion phase 6-free water phase 8":
hd+hfw＝fw
he+hfw+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hd]
for the original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion:
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "free oil phase 7-homogeneous emulsion phase 6":
hc＝fw
he+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hc]
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "homogeneous emulsion phase 6-free aqueous phase 8":
hc+hfw＝fw
he+hfw＝1
he＝ho+hc
when the system is present in the form of a three-phase layer of "free oil phase 7-homogeneous emulsion phase 6-free water phase 8":
hc+hfw＝fw
he+hfw+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hc]
in the above formula: h iseIs the retention rate of homogeneous emulsion phase,%; h isfoFree oil retention,%; h isfwFree water retention,%; h isoIs the oil phase holdup in an oil-water emulsification system% of the amount of the compound (b). The physical meaning of other symbols is the same as that of step (two).
Therefore, the description of the oil-water emulsification system phase separation characteristic parameters and the construction of the mutual relation of the oil-water emulsification system phase separation characteristic parameters are completed.
By repeating the steps, the description of other temperature mixed transportation working conditions and the phase separation characteristic parameters of any other water content oil-water emulsification system and the establishment of the mutual relation can be realized.
And (IV) under a certain temperature mixing transportation working condition, when the phase separation action occurs to enable the oil-water emulsifying system in the oil-water mixing transportation pipeline 1 to be converted into a two-phase or three-phase layered form, corresponding to the step (III), when the original water-in-oil (W/O) type or original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion is converted into a two-phase layered form of 'free oil phase 7-homogeneous emulsion phase 6':
μmix＝μfohfo+ηehe
when the original water-in-oil (W/O) or original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion evolves into a two-phase layered form of "homogeneous emulsion phase 6-free aqueous phase 8":
μmix＝ηehe+μfwhfw
when the original water-in-oil (W/O) or original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion evolves into a three-phase layered form of "free oil phase 7-homogeneous emulsion phase 6-free water phase 8":
μmix＝μfohfo+ηehe+μfwhfw
and (3) combining the mutual relation among the phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsion system constructed in the step (three), and regarding the original water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsion:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+hd]+μfwhfw
for the original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsion:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+hc]+μfwhfw
as the phase separation action occurs in the original water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsion, the emulsion has the following characteristics: h isd＝fw-hfwAmong the original oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsions that underwent phase separation behavior were: h isc＝fw-hfwThus, the oil-water emulsification system viscosity considering the phase separation behavior can be uniformly expressed as:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+(fw-hfw)]+μfwhfw
in the formula, mumixThe viscosity of an oil-water emulsification system is Pa.s; mu.sfoIs the viscosity of the free oil phase, Pa.s; mu.sfwIs the viscosity of the free aqueous phase, pa.s; etaeApparent viscosity of the homogeneous emulsion phase, pa.s. The physical meanings of other symbols are the same as those in steps (two) and (three).
Thereby realizing mathematical expression of the viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior.
By repeating the steps, the mathematical expression of the viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system under other temperature mixed transportation working conditions and any other water content considering the phase separation behavior can be realized.
And (V) determining the volume ratio of each layered phase in the oil-water mixing and transportation pipeline 1 under a certain temperature condition in a phase separation state by adopting a bottle test method based on fluorescent dyeing, further determining the holdup of a separated oil phase 7, a homogeneous emulsion phase 6 and a free water phase 8 under the condition, and determining and obtaining the viscosity of a crude oil phase (free oil phase) and a water phase (free water phase) by a rotational flow method. The oil holdup in the oil-water emulsification system meets the following requirements:
ho＝1-fw
apparent viscosity for homogeneous emulsion phase 6:
emulsifying system eta, originally of the water-in-oil (W/O) typee＝μo(1-hd)+μwhdWherein h isd＝fw-hfwEmulsifying System eta originally in the form of an oil-in-Water (O/W)e＝μo(1-hc)+μwhcWherein h isc+hfw＝fwIn the above formula,. mu.oIs the viscosity of the crude oil phase, Pa.s, muo＝μfo；μwViscosity in the aqueous phase, Pa.s, μw＝μfw。
Thus, the phase holdup and physical properties of the oil-water emulsion system under a certain temperature mixing transportation condition in a phase separation state are determined.
And (5) repeating the steps (III), (IV) and (V), determining the system viscosity of another temperature mixing transportation condition or another water content oil-water emulsification system when the phase separation action occurs, and realizing the quantitative judgment and characterization of the flow capacity of the transported working medium.
The invention mainly relates to a five-step method, namely, identification of phase inversion characteristics of an oil-water emulsion system, establishment of a relation between water content of the oil-water emulsion system in an original homogeneous state and retention rates of a dispersed phase and a continuous phase, construction of phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsion system and mutual relations thereof, viscosity expression of the oil-water emulsion system considering phase separation behaviors, and determination of retention rates and physical properties of phases of the oil-water emulsion system in the phase separation state, wherein one step is used for identifying the water content of a crude oil emulsion inversion phase, providing technical limits for classification of emulsion types of actually conveyed working media, the other step is used for defining and describing the retention rates of the separated phases, the relation between the water content of the oil-water emulsion system in the original homogeneous state and the retention rates of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase is established, and a basis and a reference are provided for quantitative characterization of existing characteristics of the body system in the, the phase separation behavior induced by the interphase action characteristics under the influence of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic mechanisms is fully considered, and the relation between the viscosity characteristic of an oil-water emulsification system and the interphase holdup and the apparent viscosity thereof is constructed starting from different possible layering forms of phase separation. Therefore, aiming at the technical problems that the design of the mixed transportation pipeline and the operation scheme thereof are optimized, particularly the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system needs to be determined quickly and reliably when the mixed transportation pipeline stops transportation and then starts pressure estimation, the method for determining the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior is effectively provided, the related parameters in the mathematical expression of the viscosity characteristic are ensured to be easy to obtain, all possible working media with the properties in the oil-water mixed transportation process are covered, a uniform method for representing the flow capacity of the oil-water mixed system in the mixed transportation pipeline is formed, and a beneficial way for guaranteeing the individual design and application of the oil-water mixed transportation process is provided.
Confidentiality test:
the method for determining the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior is adopted to carry out confidentiality experiment, the restart pressure estimation is carried out after the oil-water mixed transportation pipeline with the water content of 53% stops transporting for 12 hours, and the temperature is 38 ℃ after the transportation stops for 12 hours.
FIG. 5 provides the results of conductivity tests for oil and water emulsions with different water contents, identifying that the water content of the emulsion phase inversion is about 60%, the application can be analyzed as a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion.
Table 1 shows the phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsification system in the mixing and transportation pipeline after 12h of stopping transportation obtained by the bottle test method based on fluorescent dyeing:
TABLE 1 phase separation characteristics
| Free oil phase holdup hfo，％ | Free water phase holdup hfw，％ | Homogeneous emulsion phase holdup he，％ |
| 5.8 | 14.7 | 79.5 |
The viscosity of the crude oil phase was found to be 0.0312 mPas at 38 ℃ and the viscosity of the aqueous phase was found to be 0.0009 mPas.
Viscosity of homogeneous emulsion phase:
ηe＝μo[1-(fw-hfw)]+μw(fw-hfw)＝0.0196Pa.s
substituting the obtained parameters to obtain eta at 38 ℃e＝0.0196Pa.s
Viscosity of oil-water emulsion system in phase separation state:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+(fw-hfw)]+μfwhfw
substituting the obtained parameters to obtain mu at 38 ℃mix＝0.0177Pa.s
In order to verify the reliability of the viscosity determination result, the viscosity of the oil-water emulsion system in the phase separation state at 38 ℃ is synchronously measured by a rotary rheometer, and the measured stable reading is mumix-exp＝0.0186Pa.s。
Thus, the relative error:
obviously, the result obtained by the method for determining the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior in the application object is identical to the experimental measured value, the relative deviation is only 4.84%, the method can break through the complexity and inconvenience of determining the viscosity of the emulsion through conventional experimental tests, and is suitable for any oil-water emulsification system with dynamically changed water content in the actual production process, so that the determination of the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior fully is realized based on the method provided by the invention.
The invention well solves the problem of quickly and reliably determining the key physical property parameter of the viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system of the conveyed working medium when the mixed transportation pipeline design and the operation scheme thereof are optimized and the mixed transportation pipeline stops transportation and then starts pressure estimation is carried out in the mixed transportation process of the crude oil multiphase system, breaks through the bottleneck of the traditional method for uniformly taking the oil-water emulsion as the homogeneous system for carrying out the general representation, fully considers the phase separation behavior induced by the interphase action characteristic under the influence of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic mechanisms, and constructs the relationship between the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system and the interphase holdup and the apparent viscosity thereof from different possible layering forms of phase separation, effectively provides the method for determining the viscosity characteristic of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior, simultaneously ensures that the related parameters in the mathematical expression of the viscosity characteristic are easy to obtain, and particularly covers all possible working media with water properties in the oil-water mixed transportation process, and a unified method for representing the flow capacity of the oil-water mixed system in the mixed transportation pipeline is formed, the individual design and application of oil-water mixed transportation processes of different oil fields can be promoted, and an important basis is provided for enrichment and expansion of a multiphase flow theory and a research method thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A method for determining the viscosity characteristic of an oil-water emulsification system in consideration of phase separation behavior is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, identifying the phase inversion characteristics of an oil-water emulsification system: conducting conductivity test is carried out on the oil-water emulsion with known water content from low to high, the corresponding water content of the system when the conductivity of the oil-water emulsion is obviously increased is the emulsion phase inversion water content which is lower than the water content, the system forms the water-in-oil emulsion, the system forms the oil-in-water emulsion which is higher than the water content, and therefore the identification of the water content of the phase inversion point of the oil-water emulsion system is completed;
(II) establishing the relationship between the water content of the original homogeneous oil-water emulsification system and the holdup of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase: describing the proportion of each phase of the oil-water emulsified system in the oil-water mixed transportation pipeline as the holdup of the oil-water emulsified system in the system, wherein for the water-in-oil emulsion identified in the step (I), the dispersed phase in the system is an aqueous phase, and the continuous phase is an oil phase; for the oil-in-water type emulsion identified in the step (I), the dispersed phase in the system is oil phase, the continuous phase is water phase, in the homogeneous state, because no phase separation occurs, the holdup of the dispersed phase and the water phase of the water-in-oil type emulsion system in the oil-water mixing and conveying pipeline is the same as the original water content of the system, and the holdup of the continuous phase and the water phase of the oil-in-water type emulsion system in the oil-water mixing and conveying pipeline is the same as the original water content of the system, then the:
water-in-oil type emulsification System hd＝fw
Oil-in-water type emulsion system hc＝fw
In the formula: h isdRetention of dispersed phase,%; h iscContinuous phase holdup,%; f. ofwThe original water content of the oil-water emulsification system is percent;
thus, the establishment of the relationship between the water content of the original homogeneous phase oil-water emulsification system and the holdup of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase is completed;
(III) describing the phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsification system and constructing the mutual relation of the oil-water emulsification system: when phase separation behavior occurs in a mixed transportation working condition at a certain temperature, whether the original water-in-oil emulsion or the original oil-in-water emulsion, an emulsion system with the water content exists in a two-phase form consisting of a free oil phase and a homogeneous emulsion phase, or a two-phase form consisting of a homogeneous emulsion phase and a free water phase, or a three-phase form consisting of a free oil phase, a homogeneous emulsion phase and a free water phase, and the phase separation characteristics are described by the holdup of each phase, then for the original water-in-oil emulsion:
when the system is present in two-phase layered form "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase":
hd＝fw
he+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hd]
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "homogeneous emulsion phase-free aqueous phase":
hd+hfw＝fw
he+hfw＝1
he＝ho+hd
when the system is present in the form of a three-phase separation of "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase":
hd+hfw＝fw
he+hfw+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hd]
for the original oil-in-water emulsion:
when the system is present in two-phase layered form "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase":
hc＝fw
he+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hc]
when the system is present in the form of two phase layers "homogeneous emulsion phase-free aqueous phase":
hc+hfw＝fw
he+hfw＝1
he＝ho+hc
when the system is present in the form of a three-phase separation of "free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase":
hc+hfw＝fw
he+hfw+hfo＝1
he＝[(ho-hfo)+hc]
in the above formula: h iseIs the retention rate of homogeneous emulsion phase,%; h isfoFree oil retention,%; h isfwFree water retention,%; h isoThe oil phase holdup in an oil-water emulsification system is percent; h isdRetention of dispersed phase,%; h iscContinuous phase holdup,%; f. ofwThe original water content of the oil-water emulsification system is percent;
thus completing the description of the oil-water emulsification system phase separation characteristic parameters and the construction of the mutual relation of the oil-water emulsification system phase separation characteristic parameters;
(IV) oil-water emulsification system viscosity expression considering phase separation behavior: under a certain temperature mixing transportation working condition, when a phase separation action occurs to enable an oil-water emulsification system in an oil-water mixing transportation pipeline to be converted into a two-phase or three-phase layered form, corresponding to (III), when an original water-in-oil type or original oil-in-water type emulsion is converted into a two-phase layered form of a free oil phase-a homogeneous emulsion phase:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηehe
when the original water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion evolves into a two-phase layered form of homogeneous emulsion-free water phase:
μmix＝ηehe+μfwhfw
when the original water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion evolves into a three-phase layered form of free oil phase-homogeneous emulsion phase-free water phase:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηehe+μfwhfw
and combining the mutual relation among the phase separation characteristic parameters of the oil-water emulsion system constructed in the step three, and regarding the original water-in-oil emulsion:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+hd]+μfwhfw
for the original oil-in-water emulsion:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+hc]+μfwhfw
since in the original water-in-oil emulsion phase separation behavior occurred: h isd＝fw-hfwAmong the original oil-in-water emulsions that underwent phase separation behavior were: h isc＝fw-hfwThe viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior is expressed as:
μmix＝μfohfo+ηe[(ho-hfo)+(fw-hfw)]+μfwhfw
in the formula, mumixThe viscosity of an oil-water emulsification system is Pa.s; mu.sfoIs the viscosity of the free oil phase, Pa.s; mu.sfwIs the viscosity of the free aqueous phase, pa.s; etaeApparent viscosity, pa.s, of a homogeneous emulsion phase; h iseIs the retention rate of homogeneous emulsion phase,%; h isfoFree oil retention,%; h isfwFree water retention,%; h isoThe oil phase holdup in an oil-water emulsification system is percent; h isdIs a dispersed phaseRetention rate,%; h iscContinuous phase holdup,%; f. ofwThe original water content of the oil-water emulsification system is percent;
therefore, the mathematical expression of the viscosity of the oil-water emulsification system considering the phase separation behavior is realized;
and (V) determining the holdup and physical properties of each phase of the oil-water emulsion system in a phase separation state: determining the volume ratio of each layered phase under a phase separation state under a certain temperature condition by adopting a fluorescent dyeing method, further determining the holdup of a separated oil phase, a homogeneous emulsion phase and a free water phase under the condition, and determining and obtaining the viscosity of a crude oil phase and a water phase; the oil holdup in the oil-water emulsification system meets the following requirements:
ho＝1-fw
apparent viscosity for homogeneous emulsion phase:
emulsifying System eta in Water-in-oil forme＝μo(1-hd)+μwhdWherein h isd＝fw-hfw
Emulsifying system eta of the original oil-in-water typee＝μo(1-hc)+μwhcWherein h isc+hfw＝fwIn the above formula,. mu.oIs the viscosity of the crude oil phase, Pa.s, muo＝μfo；μwViscosity in the aqueous phase, Pa.s, μw＝μfw。
Thus, the phase holdup and physical properties of the oil-water emulsion system under a certain temperature mixing transportation condition in a phase separation state are determined.
2. The method for determining the viscosity characteristics of an oil-water emulsion system in consideration of phase separation behavior according to claim 1, wherein: when the phase inversion characteristic of the oil-water emulsion system is identified, the conductivity of the oil-water emulsion is obtained by testing with a conductivity tester.
3. The method for determining the viscosity characteristics of an oil-water emulsion system in consideration of phase separation behavior according to claim 2, wherein: when the fluorescent staining method is used for determining the holdup of each phase, a mode of adding water-soluble fluorescent dye into an oil-water emulsification system is adopted.
4. The method for determining the viscosity characteristics of an oil-water emulsion system in consideration of phase separation behavior according to claim 3, wherein: and a bottle test method is adopted when the fluorescent staining is used for determining the holdup of each phase.
5. The method for determining the viscosity characteristics of an oil-water emulsion system in consideration of phase separation behavior according to claim 4, wherein: the viscosities of the crude oil phase and the water phase are obtained by adopting a rotational rheometer for testing.
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