CN110687607A - Stoneley wave detection method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application is applicable to the field of engineering geophysical exploration, and provides a Stoneley wave detection method and system. The method obtains pressure data and velocity data at different positions in a wellbore by measuring Stoneley waves, and calculates the The propagation velocity of Stoneley waves at each detection position; the pressure data of Stoneley waves at each detection position are separated, and corresponding pressure data profiles are established respectively, and each detection position is determined by two pressure data profiles Whether there are adverse geological anomalies and their types; the present application determines whether there are adverse geological anomalies by separating the pressure data of Stoneley waves and using the pressure data profiles of upward and downward waves formed by the separated pressure data. Since the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave can mutually verify the accuracy of each other, the judgment of the geological body type based on the wrong pressure data is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of detection.

Description

A kind of Stoneley wave detection method and system

technical field

The present application relates to the field of engineering geophysical exploration, in particular to a Stoneley wave detection method and system.

Background technique

Underground geological structures often include faults, caves, broken zones, weak interlayers and other unfavorable geological anomalies that are not conducive to engineering construction. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the scale, state and distribution characteristics of unfavorable geological anomalies for construction, railway laying, subway construction, bridge construction and other engineering constructions.

At present, the tube wave detection method is commonly used in engineering geophysical exploration to detect the formation environment around the wellbore and to detect whether there are adverse geological anomalies. The tube wave detection method adopts a one-excitation-one-retract detection method, that is, each time the source is excited, the pressure data waveform of the tube wave at one position is monitored by a geophone. The pressure data waveforms at different depths are obtained by moving the position of the source and the geophone in the well for many times to form a time profile, and the location of unfavorable geological anomalies can be judged by analyzing and identifying the waveform changes on the time profile.

However, the above-mentioned tube wave detection method only judges unfavorable geological anomalies based on the time profile formed by the pressure data waveform of the tube wave. Since the accuracy of the monitored pressure data waveform cannot be verified by itself, when a detection error occurs in the monitored pressure data waveform, the detection result will be inaccurate. Therefore, the reliability of the currently used tube wave detection method is low.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides a Stoneley wave detection method and system for judging whether there is an abnormal geological body around a wellbore, which can solve the problem of low measurement reliability of the existing tube wave detection method.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a Stoneley wave detection method, comprising:

Receive pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at multiple different detection positions in the wellbore; velocity data is the velocity data of Stoneley waves in the direction of gravity; pressure data of Stoneley waves for each detection position and velocity data, calculate the propagation velocity of Stoneley wave according to the pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley wave; separate the pressure data of Stoneley wave according to the propagation velocity of Stoneley wave, and obtain the upward wave of Stoneley wave The pressure data of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downward wave of the Stoneley wave; according to the pressure data of the upward wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downward wave of multiple different detection positions, the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the downward wave are obtained. According to the pressure data profile of the up-going wave and the pressure data profile of the down-going wave, determine whether there is an adverse geological abnormality at each detection location.

An optional implementation manner is to determine whether there is an adverse geological abnormality at each detection location according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, including:

For each detection position, if there is an upward wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the upward wave at the detection position, and there is a downward wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the downward wave, the detection position has poor geological conditions Abnormal body.

Wherein, according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, after determining whether there is an adverse geological abnormality at each detection position, the method further includes:

For each detection position with bad geological anomalies, calculate the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of the two detection positions adjacent to the detection position; according to the formation shear wave velocity of the detection position and The formation shear wave velocities of the two adjacent detection positions above and below determine the type of unfavorable geological anomalies at the detection positions.

Exemplarily, according to the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity at the two detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological abnormality at the detection position is determined, including:

When the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position is less than the formation shear wave velocity at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position is a low-velocity geological anomaly; when the formation shear wave at the detection position When the shear wave velocity is greater than the formation shear wave velocity at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position is a high-speed geological anomaly.

Optionally, before receiving pressure and velocity data of Stoneley waves at different detection positions in the well, the method further includes:

The surface excitation within the set range from the wellbore generates shear waves, which propagate to the wellhead of the wellbore and are converted into Stoneley waves in the wellbore, and the Stoneley waves pass through the wellbore during propagation. After scattering, multiple Stoneley waves at different detection positions are generated.

Further, a geophone array is arranged in the wellbore, and the geophone array includes a plurality of geophone nodes distributed at a plurality of different detection positions along the direction of gravity, which are respectively used to detect the pressure of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection positions. Data and velocity data; receive pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at multiple different detection positions in the wellbore, including: receiving pressure and velocity data of Stoneley waves at multiple different detection positions sent by the geophone array .

In a second aspect, the present application provides a Stoneley wave detection system, including: a ground processing module, where the ground processing module includes:

The receiving unit is used for receiving the pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves located in a plurality of different detection positions in the wellbore; the velocity data is the velocity data of the Stoneley waves in the direction of gravity;

The first calculation unit is used to calculate the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave according to the pressure data and velocity data of the Stoneley wave for each detection position; the separation unit is used to calculate the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave according to The propagation speed of Stoneley waves separates the pressure data of Stoneley waves, and obtains the pressure data of upgoing waves of Stoneley waves and the pressure data of downgoing waves of Stoneley waves; The pressure data of the upward wave and the pressure data of the downward wave of the Stoneley wave at the detection position are obtained, and the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data of the downward wave are obtained; the first determination unit is used to obtain the pressure data of the upward wave according to the pressure data of the upward wave. Profiles and pressure data profiles of downgoing waves to determine whether there are adverse geological anomalies at each detection location.

Further, the ground processing module also includes:

The second calculation unit is configured to calculate, for each detection position where there is an unfavorable geological abnormality, the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of the two detection positions adjacent to the detection position; the second determination The unit is used to determine the type of unfavorable geological anomalies at the detection position according to the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of the two adjacent detection positions above and below.

Optionally, the Stoneley wave detection system also includes:

The excitation module is used to excite the surface within a set range from the wellbore to generate shear waves. The shear waves propagate to the wellhead of the wellbore and are converted to generate Stoneley waves. Stoneley waves propagate downward from the wellhead. After scattering, descending waves and ascending waves are formed, and the descending waves and ascending waves are superimposed at the detection position to form Stoneley waves at the detection position.

Optionally, the Stoneley wave detection system also includes:

A geophone array is used to detect pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection positions, wherein the geophone array includes a plurality of geophone nodes distributed at the plurality of different detection positions along the gravitational direction.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a terminal device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the ground processing module executes the program. Stoneley wave detection method.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, implements the Stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-mentioned ground processing module.

In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product that, when the computer program product runs on a terminal device, enables the terminal device to execute the Stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-mentioned ground processing module.

Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

The Stoneley wave detection method provided in this application uses Stoneley waves to obtain pressure data and velocity data at different positions in the wellbore, and calculates the propagation velocity of Stoneley waves at each detection position in the wellbore based on this; For this propagation velocity, the pressure data of the Stoneley wave at each detection position is separated, and based on the pressure data of the upward wave and the pressure data of the downward wave obtained after separation, the corresponding pressure data profiles are established respectively. Data profiles determine the presence of undesirable geological anomalies at each detection location. The Stoneley wave detection method provided by the present application, by separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave, and using the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data profile of the downward wave formed by the separated pressure data to determine whether there is a Stoneley wave Unfavorable geological anomalies. Since the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave can mutually verify the accuracy of each other, the judgment of the geological body type based on the wrong pressure data is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of detection.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present application. In some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

1 is a schematic flowchart of a Stoneley wave detection method provided by Embodiment 1;

2 is a schematic diagram of a Stoneley wave detection system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

3 is a schematic diagram of an upward wave at a detection position of 30 meters in the pressure data profile of the upward wave;

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are examples of the pressure data profiles of the upward wave and the downward wave, respectively;

6 is a schematic diagram of a Stoneley wave detection system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

7 is a schematic diagram of a ground processing module in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a terminal device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In the following description, for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, specific details such as a specific system structure and technology are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.

It is to be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but does not exclude one or more other The presence or addition of features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or sets thereof.

It will also be understood that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "and/or" refers to and including any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

As used in the specification of this application and the appended claims, the term "if" may be contextually interpreted as "when" or "once" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if the [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, to mean "once it is determined" or "in response to the determination" or "once the [described condition or event] is detected. ]" or "in response to detection of the [described condition or event]".

References in this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" and the like mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in other embodiments," etc. in various places in this specification are not necessarily All refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically emphasized otherwise. The terms "including", "including", "having" and their variants mean "including but not limited to" unless specifically emphasized otherwise.

In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following specific examples are used for description.

It should be understood that the size of the sequence numbers of the steps in the following embodiments does not mean the sequence of execution, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. .

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a Stoneley wave detection method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the Stoneley wave detection method specifically includes the following steps:

Step S101 , the surface processing module 1 receives pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves located at multiple different detection positions in the wellbore; the velocity data is the velocity data of Stoneley waves in the direction of gravity.

Among them, the Stoneley wave is an interface wave, which is transformed from the vibration signal generated by the source excitation. For example, it is generated by surface source excitation, or by in-well source excitation.

For example, to excite shear waves on the surface, an exemplary method is to arrange a backing plate on the surface near the wellbore, and generate shear waves by means of artificial hammering. The distance between the backing plate and the well hole should not be too far, for example, 0.1-10m from the well hole. The backing plate adopts an isosceles triangular backing plate placed upside down, as shown in Figure 2, and the inversion angle is between 30° and 60°. The shear wave is generated after manual hammering of the backing plate, and the shear wave propagates to the wellhead of the wellbore and converts to produce Stoneley waves. During the propagation of Stoneley wave in the borehole, it will produce scattering phenomenon when encountering adverse geological anomalies. After scattering, Stoneley waves can be divided into upgoing waves and downgoing waves according to different propagation directions. The upgoing waves are Stoneley waves that propagate above the wellbore, and the downgoing waves are Stoneley waves that propagate deep into the wellbore.

The angle within the range of the above-mentioned inversion angle of the backing plate is favorable for excitation of shear waves, which propagate to the wellhead and then convert into Stoneley waves in the well. The frequency of the Stoneley wave generated by this excitation method is lower than that generated by the spark source in the well used by the traditional tube wave method, so the Stoneley wave has a larger propagation depth, so it can effectively expand the detection range, thereby The problem of narrow effective detection range existing in the prior art is solved.

At each detection position, a Stoneley wave signal at the detection position is formed due to the superposition of the up-going wave and the down-going wave. The method adopted in the embodiments of the present application is to receive pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection positions in the wellbore.

Among them, the velocity data refers to the velocity data in the direction of gravity, that is, the single-component velocity of the Stoneley wave particle vibration; the different detection positions refer to the depth direction of the borehole, or the detection positions distributed in sequence along the direction of gravity.

In one example, as shown in Fig. 2, a geophone array is arranged in the wellbore, and the geophone array includes a plurality of geophone nodes distributed at the detection positions along the direction of gravity, which are respectively used to detect the geophones at a plurality of different detection positions. Pressure data and velocity data for Tonley waves.

For example, each geophone node may contain a hydrophone (pressure sensor) for detecting Stoneley wave pressure and a single-component velocity sensor for detecting Stoneley wave velocity in the direction of gravity. The pressure data of Stoneley waves are collected by a hydrophone, and the velocity data of Stoneley waves are collected by a single-component velocity sensor.

The geophone array can cover multiple detection positions in the wellbore, and can obtain the pressure and velocity data of Stoneley waves at each detection position at one time, so that the geological conditions of each detection position can be judged more efficiently Compared with the traditional tube wave detection method, which requires continuous movement of the detector and the source to obtain the waveform pressure data of multiple detection positions, the present application can obtain the wave pressure data of each detection position without moving the detector array during the detection process. The pressure and velocity data of the Tongli wave are received by the ground processing module 1 for subsequent processing.

Step S102, the ground processing module 1 calculates the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave according to the pressure data and velocity data of the Stoneley wave for each detection position of the Stoneley wave pressure data and velocity data.

The pressure data P and velocity data V of Stoneley waves obtained at each detection position are continuous sequences. From the sequence of pressure data one can find the amplitude _AP of the pressure data, ie the maximum value in the pressure data. From the sequence of velocity data it is possible to find the magnitude _AV of the velocity data, ie the maximum value in the velocity data. Through the amplitude _AP of the pressure data and the amplitude _AV of the velocity data, the propagation velocity of the Stoneley wave can be calculated by using the following formula 1:

V _ST =A _P /(ρ _f A _V ) Formula 1

where ρ _f represents the density of the wellbore fluid.

Using the above formula, calculate the propagation velocity of Stoneley waves at each detection position.

Step S103, the ground processing module 1 separates the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave, and obtains the pressure data of the upward wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downward wave of the Stoneley wave.

At each detection position, the Stoneley wave is formed by the superposition of the upward wave and the downward wave, then the pressure data U and the downward wave of the Stoneley wave can be separated from the pressure data P of the Stoneley wave. Wave pressure data D.

Exemplarily, based on the velocity data V, propagation velocity V _ST and pressure data P of the Stoneley wave, the following formula 2 can be used to calculate the pressure data D of the downward wave, and the following formula 3 can be used to calculate the pressure data U of the upward wave:

D=(P+ρ _f V _ST V)/2 Formula 2

U=(P-ρ _f V _ST V)/2 Equation 3

Step S104, the ground processing module 1 obtains the pressure data profile of the up-going wave and the pressure data profile of the down-going wave according to the pressure data of the up-going wave and the down-wave pressure data of the Stoneley wave at a plurality of different detection positions;

Exemplarily, Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of the pressure data of the upward wave at a detection position (30m) with time. In this schematic diagram, an upward wave at the detection position of 30m is shown; See how the waveform of this upward wave changes over time.

The pressure data of all the upward waves obtained at each detection position are aggregated into one data profile, that is, the pressure data profile of the upward waves is obtained, as shown in Figure 4. The data profile of the upward wave takes the time as the abscissa, the detection position as the ordinate, and records the waveform change of the pressure data at each detection position with time in the coordinate area. In the same way, the pressure data profile of the downward wave can also be obtained, as shown in Figure 5.

Step S105, the ground processing module 1 determines whether there is an adverse geological abnormality at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.

In the pressure data profile of the upward wave, according to the change characteristics of the upward wave, it is possible to distinguish whether there are bad geological anomalies at the detection position. The reason is that the Stoneley wave in the wellbore is first generated at the wellhead and then propagates downward, so the amplitude of the downgoing wave is the largest; the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave propagates down the wellbore and encounters unfavorable geological anomalies such as cavities and weak interlayers. The scattered Stoneley waves will form part of the up-going wave; when the down-going wave propagates to the bottom of the wellbore, it will be reflected by the bottom of the wellbore to form another part of the up-going wave; the other part of the up-going wave will propagate upward When encountering bad geological anomalies, secondary scattered Stoneley waves will be generated, and the secondary scattered Stoneley waves are downward waves. Therefore, on the pressure data profile of the up-going wave or down-going wave obtained by separation, it can be judged whether there is an adverse geological anomaly body at the detection location by the characteristic that the up-going wave and the down-going wave will scatter when encountering an adverse geological anomaly body; Specifically, the performance of the pressure data profile is that when there is an unfavorable geological anomaly at a certain detection position, the detection position will produce obvious scattering waveforms on the pressure data profile.

When the pressure data of the up-going and down-going waves are not separated for the Stoneley wave, the data profile created by using the overall waveform data including the up-going and down-going waves, due to the influence of waveform aliasing and noise factors, makes the graph from the graph The reliability of the location of poor geological anomalies based on waveform changes is relatively low, and it relies more on experience, and cannot be compared and verified.

Optionally, the ground processing module 1 implements the process of determining the geological body type for each detection location, including:

The ground processing module 1 uses the calculated propagation velocity of the Stoneley wave to separate the upward wave and the downward wave, and then establishes the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data profile of the downward wave; in the pressure data profile of the upward wave , the ground processing module 1 searches for the generation position of scattered waves based on the analysis and judgment of the pressure data. At the same detection position, if there are scattered waves in the pressure data profile of the following traveling wave, then it is determined that there is an adverse geological abnormality at the detection position. If a detection position does not exist in the pressure data profile of the up-going wave and the pressure data profile of the down-going wave, or there is no scattered wave at the same time, the detection position is determined to be a normal stratum.

Optionally, the process of determining the geological body type for each detection location in step S105 can also be done manually. After obtaining the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data profile of the downward wave output by the ground processing module 1, by observing and analyzing the waveform data changes in the two pressure data profiles, for each detection position, use and ground The same judgment logic as processing module 1 implements the process of determining the type of geological body at each detection location.

The normal geological bodies in this embodiment refer to other types of geological bodies except for abnormal geological bodies.

In the embodiment of the present application, since the pressure data of the Stoneley wave is separated, the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data profile of the downward wave are established. On the one hand, in each pressure data profile, the waveform data It is clearer and the trend is more obvious, which makes it easier and more accurate to distinguish the waveform data, especially the scattered waves with weaker intensity. If there are scattered waves in the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data profile of the downward wave corresponding to the detection position at the same time, it is considered that there is a bad geological anomaly at the detection position. Based on the above reasons, the Stoneley wave detection method provided by the embodiments of the present application has higher detection reliability than the existing detection methods. Using the method of the embodiment of the present application, it is possible to detect reconnaissance boreholes in engineering geophysical exploration and unfavorable geological anomalies existing in the wellbore, and eliminate risks for the laying of pile foundations.

In step S105, the geological body type of each detection position is determined according to the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data profile of the downward wave. An optional implementation scheme is:

For each detection position, if there is an upward wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the upward wave at the detection position, and there is a downward wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the downward wave, then there is an unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position. .

Since Stoneley waves propagate downward, they will generate scattered Stoneley waves when they encounter adverse geological anomalies, that is, upward waves generated by scattering. The downward wave is reflected by the bottom of the wellbore to form a part of the upward wave, and this part of the upward wave will generate secondary scattered Stoneley waves when it encounters an abnormal geological body, and this part of the wave is the downward wave.

Therefore, if there is an upward wave formed by scattering in the data profile of the upward wave, there may be unfavorable geological anomalies around the corresponding detection location; then analyze the pressure data profile of the downward wave to find out whether there is an upward wave passing through the upward wave. The downward wave formed by scattering means that there are bad geological anomalies at the corresponding detection position.

And the generation position of the upward wave formed by scattering, that is, the position of the unfavorable geological anomaly, can be read out through the ordinate axis. The up-going wave formed by scattering and the up-going wave formed by reflection at the bottom of the wellbore are very different in shape due to different intensities, and this information can be easily obtained from the data profile.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, it can be clearly seen from the pressure data profile of the upward wave shown in Figure 4 that there is a clear scattered upward wave when the detection position of 50 meters is close to 0.1s; correspondingly, In the pressure data profile of the downward wave shown in Fig. 5, the downward wave formed by scattering appears at the detection position of 50 meters when it is close to 0.2s, so there are bad geological anomalies at the detection depth of 50 meters. Among them, the scattered up-going wave when it is close to 0.1s is formed by the Stoneley wave that propagates below the wellbore and meets the unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position of 50 meters; while the scattered down-going wave when it is close to 0.2s is It is a secondary scattering downgoing wave formed by the upgoing wave formed by the downward wave of the Stoneley wave after hitting the bottom of the well when it encounters the unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position of 50 meters.

Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the type of unfavorable geological anomalies can also be judged by the following methods, including:

Step S106, for each detection position where the geological body type is an unfavorable geological abnormal body, the formation shear wave velocity of the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of two detection positions adjacent to the detection position above and below the detection position are calculated.

After judging that there is an unfavorable geological abnormality at a certain detection position by using the methods of steps S101 to S105, the following formula can be used to calculate the velocity of the formation shear wave for the detection position:

Among them, V _s is the formation shear wave velocity, V _f is the acoustic wave velocity of the wellbore liquid, ρ _f is the density of the wellbore liquid, ρ is the formation density, and V _ST is the propagation velocity of the Stoneley wave.

The sound wave velocity V _f of the wellbore liquid and the density ρ _f of the wellbore liquid are known, and the formation density ρ can be obtained by looking up the lithology density table, then according to the Stoneley wave velocity V _ST obtained in step S102, it is possible to obtain Outgoing formation shear wave velocity V _S .

Step S107 , according to the formation shear wave velocity of the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of the two adjacent detection positions above and below, determine the type of the unfavorable geological abnormality at the detection position.

When there are unfavorable geological anomalies in the stratum, the velocity of the formation shear wave will change. For example, if there is an unfavorable geological anomaly in a certain detection position, the stratum shear wave velocity calculated at the detection position will be higher than that of the adjacent layers. Location calculated formation shear wave velocity is large or small.

Therefore, when it is determined through steps S101 to S105 that there is an unfavorable geological abnormality at a certain detection position, the detection can be determined by calculating and comparing the formation shear wave velocity of the detection position and the adjacent previous and next detection positions. The type of undesirable geological anomalies surrounding the location.

Unfavorable geological anomalies can be further divided into two categories, one is low-velocity geological anomalies, mainly referring to soft types of geological bodies, such as caves, weak interlayers, faults, karsts and loosely separated layers; the other is high-speed geological anomalies Body, mainly refers to relatively hard geological bodies, such as boulders.

When the formation contains different types of unfavorable geological anomalies, the wave velocity of formation shear waves will change. According to this feature, the detected bad geological anomalies can be further classified:

When the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position is lower than the formation shear wave velocity at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position is a low-velocity geological anomaly; When the shear wave velocity is greater than the formation shear wave velocity at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position is a high-speed geological anomaly.

The method for classifying unfavorable geological anomalies provided in this embodiment can determine whether the type of unfavorable geological anomalies at the detection position is a high-speed geological anomaly or a low-velocity geological anomaly according to the change of the stratum shear wave velocity when there is an unfavorable geological anomaly at the detection position. Abnormal bodies, thereby further improving the reliability of the detection results and providing more effective detection information for engineering construction.

When performing geological exploration in the wellbore in the embodiment of the present application, the Stoneley wave used can be excited in a variety of ways, such as excitation in the well or excitation on the surface. This embodiment adopts the excitation method on the surface, specifically:

The shear wave is generated by excitation at the surface within the set range from the wellbore, and the shear wave propagates to the wellhead of the wellbore and is converted to produce Stoneley waves. Stoneley waves are downward waves formed by scattering during the downward propagation of the wellhead. And the upward wave, the downward wave and the upward wave are superimposed at the detection position to form the Stoneley wave at the detection position.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a Stoneley wave detection system provided by the present application. The system is used to implement a Stoneley wave detection method. The system includes a ground processing module 1 , an excitation module 2 and an acquisition module 3 . As shown in Figure 7, the ground processing module 1 includes:

The receiving unit 11 is used for receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves located at multiple different detection positions in the wellbore; the velocity data is the velocity data of Stoneley waves in the direction of gravity.

The first calculation unit 12 is configured to calculate the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave according to the pressure data and the velocity data of the Stoneley wave for each detection position of the Stoneley wave pressure data and the velocity data.

The separation unit 13 is configured to separate the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave, and obtain the pressure data of the upward wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downward wave of the Stoneley wave.

The mapping unit 14 is configured to obtain the pressure data profile of the upward wave and the pressure data profile of the downward wave according to the pressure data of the upward wave and the pressure data of the downward wave of the Stoneley wave at a plurality of different detection positions.

The first determining unit 15 determines the geological body type of each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.

Further, the ground processing module 1 also includes:

The second calculation unit is configured to calculate, for each detection position where there is an unfavorable geological abnormality, the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of two detection positions adjacent to the detection position above and below the detection position.

The second determining unit is configured to determine the type of the unfavorable geological abnormality at the detection position according to the formation shear wave velocity at the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of the two adjacent detection positions.

The acquisition module 2 includes a geophone array for detecting pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at multiple different detection positions, wherein the geophone array includes multiple geophones distributed at multiple different detection positions along the direction of gravity detector node.

Among them, the excitation module 3 is used to excite the surface within the set range from the wellbore to generate shear waves, the shear waves propagate to the wellhead of the wellbore to generate Stoneley waves, and the Stoneley waves propagate downward from the wellhead Downward waves and upgoing waves formed by scattering, and the downgoing waves and upgoing waves are superimposed at the detection position to form the Stoneley wave at the detection position.

It should be noted that the information exchange, execution process and other contents between the above modules/units are based on the same concept as the method embodiments of the present application. For specific functions and technical effects, please refer to the method embodiments section. It is not repeated here.

The embodiments of the present application further provide a terminal device 4, as shown in FIG. 8, including a memory 41, a processor 42, and a computer program 43 stored in the memory 41 and running on the processor 42, the processor 42 When the computer program 43 is executed, the Stoneley wave detection method executed by the above-mentioned ground processing module 1 is implemented, for example, steps S101 to S105 shown in FIG. 1 .

The implementation of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program 43, and when the computer program 43 is executed by the processor 42, implements the Stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-mentioned ground processing module 1, for example , steps S101 to S105 shown in FIG. 1 .

The computer program 43 may also be divided into one or more modules/units, which are stored in the memory 41 and executed by the processor 42 to complete the present application. One or more modules/units can be a series of computer program 43 instruction segments capable of accomplishing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program 43 in the terminal device. For example, the computer program 43 can be divided into ground receiving For the unit, the first calculation unit, the separation unit, the mapping unit, and the first determination unit, the functions of each unit can be referred to the description in the foregoing system, and will not be repeated here.

The integrated modules/units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by the computer program 43 instructing the relevant hardware. The computer program 43 can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed by the processor 42, the step 43 may implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments. The computer program 43 includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, and the like. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access Memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the content contained in computer-readable media may be appropriately increased or decreased in accordance with the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media does not include Electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, when the computer program 43 product runs on the terminal device, the terminal device is made to execute the Stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-mentioned ground processing module 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 of steps S101 to S105.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The recorded technical solutions are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, and should be included in the application. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. A stoneley wave detection method, comprising:

receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole; the speed data is speed data of the Stoneley waves in the gravity direction;

calculating a propagation velocity of the stoneley wave from the pressure data and the velocity data of the stoneley wave for each detection position;

separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave;

obtaining a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at the plurality of different detection positions;

and determining whether a bad geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.

2. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein determining whether an adverse geological anomaly exists at each detection location based on the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave comprises:

and aiming at each detection position, if the detection position has an uplink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the uplink wave and a downlink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the downlink wave, the detection position has a bad geological anomalous body.

3. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein after determining whether an adverse geological anomaly exists at each detection location based on the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, the method further comprises:

calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position with the unfavorable geological abnormal body;

and determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of the two detection positions which are adjacent up and down.

4. A stoneley wave detection method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said determining the type of adverse geological anomaly at the detection location from the formation shear wave velocity at the detection location and the formation shear wave velocities at the two detection locations comprises:

when the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position is less than the stratum shear wave speeds of the two detection positions which are adjacent up and down, the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position is a low-speed geological abnormal body;

and when the stratum shear wave speed at the detection position is greater than the stratum shear wave speeds at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological anomalous body at the detection position is a high-speed geological anomalous body.

5. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein prior to receiving the stoneley wave pressure and velocity data at different detection locations in the well, the method further comprises:

the surface excitation within a set range from the borehole produces shear waves that propagate to the wellhead of the borehole and are converted into stoneley waves in the borehole that are scattered during propagation in the borehole to produce stoneley waves at the plurality of different detection locations.

6. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein the borehole has an array of geophones deployed therein, the array of geophones comprising a plurality of geophone nodes distributed along the direction of gravity at the plurality of different detection locations for detecting pressure data and velocity data of stoneley waves at the plurality of different detection locations, respectively;

the receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole, comprising:

and receiving the pressure and speed data of the Stoneley waves of a plurality of different detection positions sent by the detector array.

7. A stoneley wave detection system comprising: a surface treatment module, the surface treatment module comprising:

a receiving unit for receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole; the speed data is speed data of the Stoneley waves in the gravity direction;

a first calculation unit configured to calculate, for pressure data and velocity data of a stoneley wave for each detection position, a propagation velocity of the stoneley wave from the pressure data and velocity data of the stoneley wave;

the separation unit is used for separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave;

the mapping unit is used for obtaining a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at the plurality of different detection positions;

and the first determining unit is used for determining whether a bad geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.

8. The stoneley wave detection system of claim 7, further comprising:

and the excitation module is used for exciting and generating shear waves at the surface within a set range from the borehole, the shear waves are transmitted to the wellhead of the borehole and converted into Stoneley waves in the borehole, and the Stoneley waves are scattered in the process of being transmitted in the borehole and then generate the Stoneley waves of the different detection positions.

9. The stoneley wave detection system of claim 7, wherein the surface processing module further comprises:

the second calculation unit is used for calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position with the unfavorable geological abnormal body;

and the second determining unit is used for determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of the two adjacent detection positions.

10. The stoneley wave detection system of claim 7, further comprising an acquisition module, the acquisition module comprising:

a geophone array for detecting pressure and velocity data of Stoneley waves at said plurality of different detection locations, wherein said geophone array comprises a plurality of geophone nodes distributed along the direction of gravity at said plurality of different detection locations.

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