CN110687607A - Stoneley wave detection method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The method obtains pressure data and speed data of different positions in a well hole by measuring the Stoneley waves, and calculates the propagation speed of the Stoneley waves at each detection position in the well hole based on the pressure data and the speed data; separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave at each detection position, respectively establishing corresponding pressure data profile maps, and determining whether an adverse geological abnormal body and a type exist at each detection position through the two pressure data profile maps; the method and the device separate pressure data of the Stoneley wave and determine whether the unfavorable geological abnormal body exists or not by using pressure data profile maps of the uplink wave and the downlink wave formed by the separated pressure data. The accuracy of the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the accuracy of the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave can be verified mutually, so that the judgment of the type of the geologic body based on wrong pressure data is avoided, and the detection reliability is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of engineering geophysical prospecting, in particular to a stoneley wave detection method and system.
Background
Underground geological structures often include unfavorable geological anomalies that are not conducive to engineering construction, such as faults, caves, broken zones, weak interlayers, and the like. Therefore, the scale size, the state and the distribution characteristics of the unfavorable geological abnormal body are detected, and the method has important significance for engineering construction such as building construction, railway laying, subway construction, bridge construction and the like.
At present, the pipe wave detection method is commonly used in engineering geophysical prospecting to detect the stratum environment around a well hole and detect whether a bad geological anomalous body exists. The tube wave detection method adopts a one-excitation one-receiving detection mode, namely, each time a seismic source is excited, the pressure data waveform of the tube wave at one position is monitored by a detector. The pressure data waveforms at different depths are obtained by moving the positions of the seismic source and the detector in the well for multiple times to form a time profile, and the positions of the unfavorable geological abnormal bodies are judged by analyzing and distinguishing waveform changes appearing on the time profile.
However, the tube wave detection method described above determines a poor geological anomaly from only a time profile composed of the pressure data waveform of the tube wave. Since the accuracy of the monitored pressure data waveform cannot be self-checked, when a detection error occurs in the monitored pressure data waveform, the detection result is inaccurate. Therefore, the currently used tube wave detection method has low reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a Stoneley wave detection method and system for judging whether unfavorable geological abnormal bodies exist around a well hole or not and solving the problem that the existing tube wave detection method is low in measurement reliability.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a stoneley wave detection method comprising:
receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole; the speed data is speed data of the Stoneley waves in the gravity direction; calculating the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave according to the pressure data and the speed data of the Stoneley wave aiming at the pressure data and the speed data of the Stoneley wave of each detection position; separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave; obtaining a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at a plurality of different detection positions; and determining whether a bad geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.
An alternative implementation is that, according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, determining whether there is an adverse geological anomaly at each detection position, including:
and aiming at each detection position, if the detection position has an uplink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the uplink wave and a downlink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the downlink wave, the detection position has a bad geological anomaly.
After determining whether a bad geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, the method further comprises the following steps:
calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position with the unfavorable geological abnormal body; and determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of the two adjacent detection positions.
Illustratively, determining the type of the adverse geological anomaly at the probe location based on the formation shear wave velocity at the probe location and the formation shear wave velocities at both probe locations comprises:
when the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position is less than the stratum shear wave speeds of two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position is a low-speed geological abnormal body; and when the stratum shear wave speed at the detection position is greater than the stratum shear wave speeds at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position is a high-speed geological abnormal body.
Optionally, before receiving pressure and velocity data of stoneley waves at different detection locations in the well, the method further comprises:
surface excitation within a set range from the borehole produces shear waves that propagate to the wellhead of the borehole and are converted into stoneley waves in the borehole that, after scattering during propagation in the borehole, produce stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection locations.
Furthermore, a detector array is distributed in the well, the detector array comprises a plurality of detector nodes distributed at a plurality of different detection positions along the gravity direction, and the detector nodes are respectively used for detecting pressure data and speed data of Stoneley waves at the plurality of different detection positions; receiving pressure data and velocity data of stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole, comprising: and receiving the pressure and speed data of the Stoneley waves of a plurality of different detection positions sent by the detector array.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a stoneley wave detection system comprising: a ground processing module, the ground processing module comprising:
a receiving unit for receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole; the speed data is speed data of the Stoneley waves in the gravity direction;
a first calculation unit configured to calculate a propagation velocity of the stoneley wave from pressure data and velocity data of the stoneley wave for each detection position; the separation unit is used for separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave; the mapping unit is used for obtaining a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at a plurality of different detection positions; and the first determining unit is used for determining whether the unfavorable geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.
Further, the ground processing module further comprises:
the second calculation unit is used for calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position with the unfavorable geological abnormal body; and the second determining unit is used for determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of the two adjacent detection positions.
Optionally, the stoneley wave detection system further comprises:
the excitation module is used for exciting the earth surface within a set range from the well hole to generate shear waves, the shear waves are transmitted to the well mouth of the well hole to generate Stoneley waves through conversion, the Stoneley waves are scattered in the downward transmission process of the well mouth to form down-going waves and up-going waves, and the down-going waves and the up-going waves are overlapped at the detection position to form the Stoneley waves at the detection position.
Optionally, the stoneley wave detection system further comprises:
and the detector array is used for detecting pressure data and speed data of the Stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection positions, wherein the detector array comprises a plurality of detector nodes distributed at the plurality of different detection positions along the gravity direction.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a terminal device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements a stoneley wave detection method performed by a ground processing module when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-mentioned ground processing module.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, which, when run on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to execute the stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-mentioned ground processing module.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
according to the Stoneley wave detection method, pressure data and speed data of different positions in a borehole are obtained by utilizing the Stoneley wave, and the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave at each detection position in the borehole is calculated based on the pressure data and the speed data; according to the propagation speed, separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave at each detection position, respectively establishing corresponding pressure data profile maps based on the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave obtained after separation, and determining whether a bad geological anomalous body exists at each detection position through the two pressure data profile maps. According to the Stoneley wave detection method, pressure data of the Stoneley wave is separated, and whether a bad geological anomalous body exists or not is determined by using a pressure data section diagram of an uplink wave and a pressure data section diagram of a downlink wave which are formed by the separated pressure data. The accuracy of the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the accuracy of the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave can be verified mutually, so that the judgment of the type of the geologic body based on wrong pressure data is avoided, and the detection reliability is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a Stoneley wave detection method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Stoneley wave detection system provided by one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an up-traveling wave at a 30 meter probe location in a pressure data profile of the up-traveling wave;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are examples of pressure data profiles of up and down traveling waves, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Stoneley wave detection system provided by one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a surface processing module in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to" determining "or" in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
In order to explain the technical solution of the present application, the following description is given by way of specific examples.
It should be understood that the sequence numbers of the steps in the following embodiments do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by the function and the inherent logic of the process, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a stoneley wave detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the stoneley wave detection method specifically includes the following steps:
step S101, a surface processing module 1 receives pressure data and speed data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection positions in a well hole; the velocity data is velocity data of the stoneley wave in the direction of gravity.
The stoneley wave is a boundary wave and is converted from a vibration signal generated by seismic source excitation. For example, by surface seismic source excitation, or by downhole seismic source excitation.
For example, shear waves are excited at the surface, an exemplary way is to lay a pad at the surface near the borehole and generate the shear waves by means of artificial hammer excitation. The pad is not well remote from the wellbore, e.g. 0.1-10m from the wellbore. The backing plate adopts an isosceles triangle backing plate which is placed in an inverted mode, and as shown in figure 2, the inverted angle is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees. After the base plate is hammered manually, shear waves are generated, and the shear waves are transmitted to the wellhead of the well hole to be converted into Stoneley waves. In the process of propagating Stoneley waves in a well hole, scattering phenomena can be generated when unfavorable geological anomalies are met. After scattering, the stoneley wave is divided into an upgoing wave and a downgoing wave according to different propagation directions, wherein the upgoing wave is the stoneley wave which is propagated above the borehole in a pointing mode, and the downgoing wave is the stoneley wave which is propagated to the depth of the borehole.
The angle within the range of the inverted angle of the base plate is beneficial to exciting shear waves, and the shear waves are transmitted to a wellhead and then converted into Stoneley waves in the well. The frequency of the Stoneley wave generated by the excitation mode is lower than that of an electric spark seismic source in a well adopted by the traditional tube wave method, so that the propagation depth of the Stoneley wave is larger, the detection range can be effectively expanded, and the problem of narrow effective detection range in the prior art is solved.
At each detection position, a stoneley wave signal is formed at the detection position due to the superposition of the up-going wave and the down-going wave. The method employed in embodiments of the present application is to receive pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole.
The speed data refers to speed data in the gravity direction, namely the single-component speed of the Stoneley wave particle vibration; the different detection positions are detection positions distributed along the depth direction of the well hole or along the gravity direction in sequence.
In one example, as shown in FIG. 2, a borehole is populated with a geophone array comprising a plurality of geophone nodes distributed along the direction of gravity at detection locations for detecting pressure data and velocity data, respectively, of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection locations.
For example, each geophone node may contain a hydrophone (pressure sensor) for detecting stoneley wave pressure and a single component velocity sensor for detecting stoneley wave velocity in the direction of gravity. Pressure data of the stoneley wave is acquired through the hydrophone, and the single-component velocity sensor is used for acquiring velocity data of the stoneley wave.
The detector array can cover a plurality of detection positions in a well hole, and can acquire pressure and speed data of the stoneley waves of each detection position at one time, so that the geological condition of each detection position can be judged more efficiently, and compared with the traditional tube wave detection method, the method can acquire waveform pressure data of a plurality of detection positions only by continuously moving the detector and a seismic source, and can acquire the pressure and speed data of the stoneley waves of each detection position without moving the detector array in the detection process, and the data are received by the ground processing module 1 to perform subsequent processing.
In step S102, the ground processing module 1 calculates the propagation velocity of the stoneley wave from the pressure data and the velocity data of the stoneley wave for each detection position.
The pressure data P and velocity data V of the stoneley wave acquired at each detection position are each a continuous sequence. From the sequence of pressure data, the amplitude A of the pressure data can be looked upPI.e. the maximum in the pressure data. From the sequence of speed data the amplitude a of the speed data can be foundVI.e. the maximum value in the speed data. By amplitude A of the pressure dataPAmplitude a of the velocity dataVThe propagation velocity of the stoneley wave can be calculated by the following formula 1:
VST＝AP/(ρfAV) Formula 1
Where ρ isfIndicating the density of the wellbore fluid.
By using the above formula, the propagation velocity of the stoneley wave at each detection position is calculated.
In step S103, the ground processing module 1 separates the pressure data of the stoneley wave according to the propagation velocity of the stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the stoneley wave.
At each detection position, the stoneley wave is formed by superposition of the upgoing wave and the downgoing wave, and then the pressure data U of the upgoing wave and the pressure data D of the downgoing wave of the stoneley wave can be separated from the pressure data P of the stoneley wave.
Illustratively, the velocity data V, propagation velocity V may be based on Stoneley wavesSTAnd pressure data P, which is the pressure data D of the down-going wave calculated by the following equation 2, and the pressure data U of the up-going wave calculated by the following equation 3:
D＝(P+ρfVSTv)/2 formula 2
U＝(P-ρfVSTV)/2 formula 3
Step S104, the ground processing module 1 obtains a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at a plurality of different detection positions;
for example, fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of pressure data of an up-going wave at a probe location (30m) over time, in which an up-going wave at a probe location of 30 meters is shown; the waveform of the up-going wave of the strip can be seen as a function of time.
The pressure data of all the upgoing waves obtained at each detection position are collected into one data profile, that is, the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave is obtained, as shown in fig. 4. The data profile of the upgoing wave takes time as an abscissa and the detection position as an ordinate, and the waveform change of the pressure data with time at each detection position is recorded in the coordinate region. In the same way, a pressure data profile of the downstream wave can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5.
Step S105, the ground processing module 1 determines whether a bad geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.
In the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave, whether the unfavorable geological anomalous body exists at the detection position can be distinguished according to the change characteristics of the upgoing wave. The reason is that the stoneley wave in the borehole is first generated at the wellhead and then propagates downwards, so the amplitude of the downlink wave is the largest; the down-going wave of the Stoneley wave can generate scattered Stoneley waves when the down-going wave of the Stoneley wave is transmitted downwards in a well hole and meets unfavorable geological abnormal bodies such as cavities, weak interlayers and the like, and the scattered Stoneley waves form a part of up-going waves; when the down-going wave is transmitted to the bottom of the well hole, another part of the up-going wave is formed by reflection of the bottom of the well hole; another part of the upgoing wave produces a secondary scattered stoneley wave when propagating upwards and encountering the unfavorable geological anomaly, the secondary scattered stoneley wave being a downgoing wave. Therefore, on the pressure data profile of the up-going wave or the down-going wave obtained by separation, whether the unfavorable geological anomalous body exists at the detection position can be judged by the characteristic that the up-going wave and the down-going wave are scattered when encountering the unfavorable geological anomalous body; in particular, the pressure data profile shows that when an adverse geological anomaly exists at a certain detection position, the detection position generates a remarkable scattering waveform on the pressure data profile.
When the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave are not separated, in a data profile diagram established by using overall waveform data containing the upgoing wave and the downgoing wave, due to the influence of waveform aliasing and noise factors, the position reliability of distinguishing the unfavorable geological abnormal body from the diagram according to the waveform change is low, the method is relatively dependent on experience, and the comparison and verification cannot be performed.
Optionally, the ground processing module 1 implements a geologic body type determination process for each detection location, including:
the ground processing module 1 separates the upgoing wave and the downgoing wave by using the propagation velocity of the Stoneley wave obtained by calculation, and then establishes a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave; in the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave, the ground processing module 1 searches for the generation position of the scattered wave based on the pressure data analysis and judgment, and determines that a bad geological anomaly exists at the detection position if the scattered wave also exists in the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave at the same detection position; and if the pressure data section diagram of the upgoing wave and the pressure data section diagram of the downgoing wave do not exist at a certain detection position or scattered waves do not exist at the same time, judging that the detection position is a normal stratum.
Alternatively, the process of determining the geologic body type for each detection position in step S105 may be performed manually. After the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave output by the ground processing module 1 are obtained, the determination process of the geologic body type of each detection position is realized by using the same judgment logic as that of the ground processing module 1 for each detection position by observing and analyzing the waveform data change in the two pressure data profiles.
The normal geologic body in the present embodiment refers to a geologic body of a type other than an adverse geologic anomaly.
In the embodiment of the application, because the pressure data of the Stoneley wave is separated, and the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave are established, on one hand, the waveform data are clearer and the trend is more obvious in each pressure data profile, so that the resolution of the waveform data, especially the scattered wave with weaker resolution intensity, is easier and more accurate; on the other hand, in the method of verifying the contrast of the upgoing wave and the downgoing wave, when scattered waves exist in the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave corresponding to one detection position at the same time, the detection position is considered to have a bad geological abnormal body. Based on the reasons, the stoneley wave detection method provided by the embodiment of the application has higher detection reliability compared with the existing detection method. By using the method provided by the embodiment of the application, adverse geological abnormal bodies existing in exploration drilling holes and well holes in engineering geophysical prospecting can be detected, and risks are eliminated for pile foundation laying.
In step S105, the geologic body type of each detection position is determined according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, and an alternative implementation scheme is as follows:
and aiming at each detection position, if the detection position has an uplink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the uplink wave and a downlink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the downlink wave, the detection position has a bad geological anomalous body.
A scattered stoneley wave, i.e. an up-going wave due to scattering, is generated when the stoneley wave propagates downwards and hits an adverse geological anomaly. The down-going wave is reflected from the bottom of the borehole to form a portion of the up-going wave which, when it encounters an adverse geological anomaly, produces a secondary scattered Stoneley wave, which is the down-going wave.
Therefore, if an upgoing wave formed by scattering exists in the data profile of the upgoing wave, a bad geological anomaly may exist around the corresponding detection position; and then analyzing and searching whether the downgoing wave formed by the upgoing wave through scattering exists in the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, wherein the corresponding detection position has a bad geological abnormal body.
And the generation position of the uplink wave formed by scattering, namely the position of the unfavorable geological abnormal body can be read through the ordinate axis. The upgoing waves formed by scattering and the upgoing waves formed by reflection at the bottom of the borehole have different intensities, so that the shape of the upgoing waves is greatly different, and the information can be easily obtained from the data profile.
As is apparent from the pressure data profiles of the upgoing wave shown in fig. 4, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a significant scattering upgoing wave appears at a probe position of 50 meters at approximately 0.1 s; correspondingly, in the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave shown in fig. 5, a downgoing wave formed by scattering occurs at a 50-meter probe position in the vicinity of 0.2s, and then a bad geological anomaly exists at a probe depth of 50 meters. Wherein, the scattered upgoing wave which appears when the time is close to 0.1s is formed by a bad geological abnormal body which is generated by Stoneley waves and is transmitted to the lower part of a well hole to touch a detection position of 50 meters; and the scattering downgoing wave close to 0.2s is a secondary scattering downgoing wave formed by an upgoing wave formed by reflecting the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave after the downgoing wave meets the bottom of the well and meets an unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position of 50 meters.
Further, the method for judging the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body can further comprise the following steps:
and S106, calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position of which the geologic body type is the unfavorable geologic anomaly.
After determining that there is an unfavorable geological anomaly in a certain detection position by using the methods in steps S101 to S105, calculating the velocity of the formation shear wave for the detection position, which may be represented by the following formula:
wherein，VsRepresenting the formation shear wave velocity, VfRepresenting the acoustic velocity, p, of the borehole fluidfRepresenting the density of the wellbore fluid, p representing the formation density, VSTRepresenting the speed of propagation of the stoneley wave.
Sonic velocity V of borehole fluidfAnd density of wellbore fluid ρfIf the formation density ρ is known to be obtained by looking up the lithology density table, the Stoneley wave velocity V obtained in step S102 is usedSTThe shear wave velocity V of the stratum can be obtainedS。
And S107, determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two adjacent detection positions.
When an unfavorable geological anomaly exists in the stratum, the speed of the stratum shear wave can be changed, for example, if the unfavorable geological anomaly exists in a certain detection position, the calculated stratum shear wave speed at the detection position is larger or smaller than the calculated stratum shear wave speed at the detection position of an adjacent layer.
Therefore, after determining that there is an adverse geological anomaly at a certain detection position through steps S101 to S105, the type of the adverse geological anomaly around the detection position can be determined by calculating and comparing the formation shear wave velocity of the detection position and the formation shear wave velocity of the adjacent previous and next detection positions.
The bad geological anomalous body can be further divided into two categories, one category is a low-speed geological anomalous body, and mainly refers to soft geological bodies, such as caves, soft interlayers, faults, karsts, loose separation layers and the like; another class is high-speed geological anomalies, mainly referred to as relatively hard bodies, such as boulders and the like.
When the formation contains different types of undesirable geological anomalies, the wave velocity of the formation shear waves changes. According to the characteristics, the detected unfavorable geological abnormal body can be further classified:
when the stratum shear wave speed at the detection position is less than the stratum shear wave speeds at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position is a low-speed geological abnormal body; and when the stratum shear wave speed at the detection position is greater than the stratum shear wave speeds at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position is a high-speed geological abnormal body.
According to the method for classifying the unfavorable geological anomalous body, when the unfavorable geological anomalous body exists in the detection position, whether the type of the unfavorable geological anomalous body at the detection position is the high-speed geological anomalous body or the low-speed geological anomalous body can be judged according to the change of the stratum shear wave speed, so that the reliability of the detection result is further improved, and more effective detection information is provided for engineering construction.
When geological detection is carried out in a borehole, the Stoneley waves used in the embodiment of the application can be excited in various ways, for example, in a well or on the earth surface, and the embodiment adopts a way of excitation on the earth surface, specifically:
the method comprises the steps that a surface of the earth is excited within a set range from a well hole to generate shear waves, the shear waves are transmitted to the well hole of the well hole to be converted to generate Stoneley waves, the Stoneley waves are formed by down-going waves and up-going waves which are formed by scattering in the process of down-going of the well hole, and the down-going waves and the up-going waves are overlapped at a detection position to form the Stoneley waves at the detection position.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a stoneley wave detection system provided by the present application, which is used for implementing a stoneley wave detection method, and the system includes a ground processing module 1, an excitation module 2 and an acquisition module 3. As shown in fig. 7, the surface processing module 1 includes:
a receiving unit 11 for receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection locations in the borehole; the velocity data is velocity data of the stoneley wave in the direction of gravity.
A first calculation unit 12 for calculating a propagation velocity of the stoneley wave from the pressure data and the velocity data of the stoneley wave for each detection position.
And a separation unit 13 for separating the pressure data of the stoneley wave according to the propagation velocity of the stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the stoneley wave.
And the mapping unit 14 is used for obtaining a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at a plurality of different detection positions.
The first determining unit 15 determines the type of the geologic body at each detection position based on the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.
Further, the ground processing module 1 further includes:
and the second calculation unit is used for calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position with the unfavorable geological abnormal body.
And the second determining unit is used for determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of the two adjacent detection positions.
The acquisition module 2 comprises a detector array for detecting pressure data and speed data of stoneley waves at a plurality of different detection positions, wherein the detector array comprises a plurality of detector nodes distributed at the plurality of different detection positions along the gravity direction.
The excitation module 3 is used for exciting the earth surface within a set range from the well hole to generate shear waves, the shear waves are transmitted to the well mouth of the well hole to generate Stoneley waves, the Stoneley waves are formed by down-going waves and up-going waves which are formed by scattering in the process of down-going transmission of the well mouth, and the down-going waves and the up-going waves are overlapped at the detection position to form the Stoneley waves at the detection position.
It should be noted that, because the contents of information interaction, execution process, and the like between the modules/units are based on the same concept as that of the method embodiment of the present application, specific functions and technical effects thereof may be referred to specifically in the method embodiment section, and are not described herein again.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal device 4, as shown in fig. 8, which includes a memory 41, a processor 42, and a computer program 43 stored in the memory 41 and operable on the processor 42, and when the processor 42 executes the computer program 43, the stoneley wave detection method executed by the ground processing module 1 is implemented, for example, steps S101 to S105 shown in fig. 1.
Implementations of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program 43, the computer program 43 when executed by the processor 42 implementing the stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-described ground processing module 1, e.g., steps S101 to S105 shown in fig. 1.
The computer program 43 may also be divided into one or more modules/units, which are stored in the memory 41 and executed by the processor 42 to accomplish the present application. One or more modules/units may be a series of instruction segments of the computer program 43 capable of performing specific functions, where the instruction segments are used to describe an execution process of the computer program 43 in the terminal device, for example, the computer program 43 may be divided into a ground receiving unit, a first calculating unit, a separating unit, a mapping unit, and a first determining unit, and functions of each unit are described in the foregoing description of the system, and are not described again.
The integrated modules/units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow in the method of the embodiments described above can be realized by the present application, and the computer program 43 can also be used to instruct the related hardware to complete the process, where the computer program 43 can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the computer program 43 is executed by the processor 42, the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be realized. The computer program 43 comprises, inter alia, computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution media, and the like. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain other components which may be suitably increased or decreased as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, in accordance with legislation and patent practice, the computer readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, which, when the computer program 43 product runs on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to execute the stoneley wave detection method performed by the above-described ground processing module 1, for example, steps S101 to S105 shown in fig. 1.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A stoneley wave detection method, comprising:
receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole; the speed data is speed data of the Stoneley waves in the gravity direction;
calculating a propagation velocity of the stoneley wave from the pressure data and the velocity data of the stoneley wave for each detection position;
separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave;
obtaining a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at the plurality of different detection positions;
and determining whether a bad geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.
2. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein determining whether an adverse geological anomaly exists at each detection location based on the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave comprises:
and aiming at each detection position, if the detection position has an uplink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the uplink wave and a downlink wave formed by scattering in the pressure data profile of the downlink wave, the detection position has a bad geological anomalous body.
3. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein after determining whether an adverse geological anomaly exists at each detection location based on the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave, the method further comprises:
calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position with the unfavorable geological abnormal body;
and determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of the two detection positions which are adjacent up and down.
4. A stoneley wave detection method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said determining the type of adverse geological anomaly at the detection location from the formation shear wave velocity at the detection location and the formation shear wave velocities at the two detection locations comprises:
when the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position is less than the stratum shear wave speeds of the two detection positions which are adjacent up and down, the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position is a low-speed geological abnormal body;
and when the stratum shear wave speed at the detection position is greater than the stratum shear wave speeds at the two adjacent detection positions, the type of the unfavorable geological anomalous body at the detection position is a high-speed geological anomalous body.
5. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein prior to receiving the stoneley wave pressure and velocity data at different detection locations in the well, the method further comprises:
the surface excitation within a set range from the borehole produces shear waves that propagate to the wellhead of the borehole and are converted into stoneley waves in the borehole that are scattered during propagation in the borehole to produce stoneley waves at the plurality of different detection locations.
6. The stoneley wave detection method of claim 1, wherein the borehole has an array of geophones deployed therein, the array of geophones comprising a plurality of geophone nodes distributed along the direction of gravity at the plurality of different detection locations for detecting pressure data and velocity data of stoneley waves at the plurality of different detection locations, respectively;
the receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole, comprising:
and receiving the pressure and speed data of the Stoneley waves of a plurality of different detection positions sent by the detector array.
7. A stoneley wave detection system comprising: a surface treatment module, the surface treatment module comprising:
a receiving unit for receiving pressure data and velocity data of Stoneley waves at a plurality of different probe locations in a borehole; the speed data is speed data of the Stoneley waves in the gravity direction;
a first calculation unit configured to calculate, for pressure data and velocity data of a stoneley wave for each detection position, a propagation velocity of the stoneley wave from the pressure data and velocity data of the stoneley wave;
the separation unit is used for separating the pressure data of the Stoneley wave according to the propagation speed of the Stoneley wave to obtain the pressure data of the upgoing wave of the Stoneley wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave;
the mapping unit is used for obtaining a pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and a pressure data profile of the downgoing wave according to the pressure data of the upgoing wave and the pressure data of the downgoing wave of the Stoneley wave at the plurality of different detection positions;
and the first determining unit is used for determining whether a bad geological abnormal body exists at each detection position according to the pressure data profile of the upgoing wave and the pressure data profile of the downgoing wave.
8. The stoneley wave detection system of claim 7, further comprising:
and the excitation module is used for exciting and generating shear waves at the surface within a set range from the borehole, the shear waves are transmitted to the wellhead of the borehole and converted into Stoneley waves in the borehole, and the Stoneley waves are scattered in the process of being transmitted in the borehole and then generate the Stoneley waves of the different detection positions.
9. The stoneley wave detection system of claim 7, wherein the surface processing module further comprises:
the second calculation unit is used for calculating the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of two detection positions which are vertically adjacent to the detection position aiming at each detection position with the unfavorable geological abnormal body;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the type of the unfavorable geological abnormal body at the detection position according to the stratum shear wave speed of the detection position and the stratum shear wave speeds of the two adjacent detection positions.
10. The stoneley wave detection system of claim 7, further comprising an acquisition module, the acquisition module comprising:
a geophone array for detecting pressure and velocity data of Stoneley waves at said plurality of different detection locations, wherein said geophone array comprises a plurality of geophone nodes distributed along the direction of gravity at said plurality of different detection locations.
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