CN110686902A - Staged air intake device and method for inducing strong shock waves - Google Patents

Staged air intake device and method for inducing strong shock waves Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110686902A
CN110686902A CN201911055377.6A CN201911055377A CN110686902A CN 110686902 A CN110686902 A CN 110686902A CN 201911055377 A CN201911055377 A CN 201911055377A CN 110686902 A CN110686902 A CN 110686902A
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section
gas
experiment
pressure
driving
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张英佳
孙五川
黄文林
黄佐华
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00Testing of engines
    • G01M15/02Details or accessories of testing apparatus
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M10/00Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels

Abstract

The invention discloses a staged air inlet device and a staged air inlet method for inducing strong shock waves, wherein the staged air inlet device comprises an expansion section, a driving section, a film clamping section and an experiment section which are sequentially and coaxially arranged, the expansion section is communicated with the driving section through a valve, the film clamping section is arranged between the driving section and the experiment section, diaphragms for separating chambers are respectively arranged between the film clamping section and the driving section and between the film clamping section and the experiment section, the signal output end of a pressure sensor is connected to a data collector through a signal converter, the data collector is used for collecting voltage signals collected by the pressure sensor, the expansion section, the driving section, the film clamping section and the experiment section are respectively connected to an air conveying pipeline through valves, and an expansion gas tank for inflating the expansion section is connected to the air conveying pipeline. The invention can greatly reduce the use of helium which is a rare resource, saves the experiment cost and can obviously widen the physical boundary of high-pressure experiment measurement of the shock tube.

Description

Staged air intake device and method for inducing strong shock waves
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shock tube experiments, in particular to a staged air intake device and method for inducing strong shock waves.
Background
Modern engine design methods based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been widely used in the development of new products by enterprises and model research institutes. The reliability and accuracy of the combustion reaction model, which is an essential chemical source item for CFD simulation, will directly affect the design and optimization of the combustor structure. The ignition delay period is used as an important basic combustion parameter, and accurate experimental representation under wide working conditions is particularly critical to combustion reaction model development. The shock wave tube device can generate strong shock wave to induce experimental fluid to reach high temperature and high pressure instantly, and maintain a near-adiabatic environment with constant temperature and constant pressure in millisecond time, and is a mainstream device for measuring ignition delay period internationally.
The shock tube drives the pressure difference between the gas and the experimental gas to be tested to generate shock waves through high values at two sides of the film clamping section, and the combustible mixed gas is induced to catch fire through energy transfer between the shock waves and the fluid medium. The length of the shock tube driving section and the diameter of the experimental section both significantly influence the performance of the shock tube driving section. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the longer the length of the driving section is, the longer the effective experiment time is, and the measurable temperature range is wider; the larger the diameter of the experimental section is, the smaller the boundary layer is, and the more ideal the obtained experimental data is. The driving section, the film clamping section and the experimental section of the traditional shock tube all adopt coaxial uniform-section structures, the performance of the shock tube is improved and the measurable range of the shock tube is expanded by increasing the length of the driving section, the diameter of the experimental section and other modes, but the consumption of driving gas is greatly increased. Generally speaking, gases with smaller molecular weight and larger adiabatic index, such as hydrogen and helium, are ideal strong shock wave driving gases. However, hydrogen has high diffusivity and strong explosiveness and has potential safety problems, so helium is used as a driving gas as an international mainstream research method. However, helium is an indispensable rare strategic material for national defense military industry and high-tech development, and helium in China is quite deficient in resource, low in content, high in external dependence and high in price. The problem of balance between the use cost of the helium of the shock tube and the strong shock wave is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above problems, and provides a staged air intake device and method for inducing a strong shock wave, which solves the problem of high cost of the conventional shock tube technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the staged air inlet device comprises an expansion section, a driving section, a membrane clamping section and an experiment section which are sequentially connected and coaxially arranged, wherein the expansion section is communicated with the driving section through a valve, diaphragms used for separating the membrane clamping section from the driving section and between the membrane clamping section and the experiment section are respectively arranged, the tail end of the experiment section is connected with a pressure sensor, the signal output end of the pressure sensor is connected to a data collector through a signal converter, the data collector is used for collecting voltage signals collected by the pressure sensor, the expansion section, the driving section, the membrane clamping section and the experiment section are respectively connected onto an air conveying pipeline through valves, and an expansion gas tank used for inflating the expansion section is connected onto the air conveying pipeline.
Furthermore, the inner diameter of the valve (2) is the same as the inner diameter of the expansion section (1) and the inner diameter of the driving section (3).
Further, pressure sensor includes first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor, wherein, first pressure sensor is provided with a plurality ofly, and first pressure sensor sets up on the lateral wall of experiment section, second pressure sensor sets up the end at the experiment section.
Further, still be connected with gas mixing tank, nitrogen gas jar, helium gas jar through the valve respectively on the gas transmission pipeline, helium gas jar or helium gas jar and nitrogen gas jar are used for aerifing for the drive section as drive gas, gas mixing tank is used for the storage to wait to carry out the gas that tests aerifys for the experiment section, the gas transmission pipeline passes through breather pipe intercommunication atmosphere, is provided with the valve on the breather pipe.
Furthermore, the gas transmission pipeline is also connected with a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the expansion section, the driving section, the film clamping section and the experiment section.
Furthermore, the gas transmission pipeline is connected with a second gas pressure gauge for monitoring the gas pressure in the gas transmission pipeline and in the expansion section, the driving section and the film clamping section through a valve, and the experiment section is connected with a first gas pressure gauge for monitoring the gas pressure in the experiment section through a valve.
Furthermore, the expansion section, the driving section, the film clamping section and the experiment section have the same inner diameter.
Further, the expansion gas tank is filled with air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Further, the first pressure sensor adopts a PCB113B 22, and the second pressure sensor adopts a PCB113B 03.
The invention also provides a working method of the staged air inlet device for inducing the strong shock wave, which comprises the following steps:
1) according to the experimental requirement, calculating the driving gas pressure and the experimental gas pressure required under the target working condition by using a shock wave equation, and determining the gas pressure value of the film clamping section according to the driving gas pressure and the experimental gas pressure; clamping diaphragms between the film clamping section and the driving section and between the film clamping section and the experiment section, opening a valve, pumping the expansion section, the driving section, the film clamping section and the experiment section to a vacuum state through a vacuum pump, and then closing the valve;
11) driving gas is introduced into the film clamping section and the driving section, the pressure difference between the film clamping section and the driving section and the pressure difference between the film clamping section and the experimental section are ensured to be smaller than the allowable pressure difference in the introduction process, when the gas pressure of the film clamping section reaches the gas pressure value of the film clamping section, the gas inlet of the film clamping section is closed, and the driving section continues to enter the driving gas until the required driving gas pressure under the target working condition is reached and the gas inlet is stopped;
12) introducing expanding gas into the expanding section until the pressures of the expanding section and the driving section are the same; then, the experimental gas in the gas mixing tank enters an experimental section, ventilation is stopped until the experimental gas pressure is reached, and then the data acquisition unit is adjusted to an automatic data recording state;
2) opening a valve, communicating a film clamping section with the atmosphere, and cracking a diaphragm because the pressure change exceeds the allowable pressure, wherein at the moment, shock waves are generated and transmitted to an experimental section along the axial direction of a driving section, when the shock waves pass through a pressure sensor of the experimental section, the pressure sensor captures a pressure rising signal, then the signal is converted through a signal converter, the converted signal enters a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit starts to record a signal of the pressure of experimental gas in the experimental section along with the time change, when the shock waves reach the tail end of the experimental section and are reflected by an end face, the temperature and the pressure of the experimental gas in the experimental section reach the requirements of the experiment again, and then the voltage signal of the data acquisition unit is processed to obtain the self-ignition time and the ignition temperature and the pressure of the experimental gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a staged air inlet device for inducing strong shock waves, which uses a valve to separate an expansion section and a driving section, helium or helium and nitrogen are filled in the driving section as driving gas, the effective experiment time is increased while the shock wave intensity is ensured, the temperature requirement interval of an experiment is larger, the expansion section is equivalent to further prolonging the total length of the driving section, and the expansion section is filled with the expansion gas with lower value relative to the helium, so that the use of the helium which is a rare resource can be greatly reduced, the experiment cost is saved, in addition, the experimental device is safe, simple and easy to operate, the experimental range is wider, and the experimental device has more economical efficiency.
The invention also provides a staged gas intake method for inducing strong shock waves, wherein each chamber is filled with gas volume meeting experimental requirements, then valves of the expansion section and the driving section are opened, and simultaneously the membrane clamping section is communicated with the atmosphere, so that the membrane of the membrane clamping section is broken due to pressure difference, and the experimental purpose is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the drawings: 1-expansion section, 2-valve, 3-drive section, 4-film clamping section, 5-experiment section, 6-first pressure sensor, 7-second pressure sensor, 8-signal converter, 9-data collector, 10-gas mixing tank, 11-vacuum pump, 12-nitrogen tank, 13-helium tank, 14-expansion gas tank, 15-first pressure gauge, 16-second pressure gauge, 17-gas transmission pipeline and 18-vent pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the staged air intake device for inducing strong shock waves comprises an expansion section 1, a driving section 3, a film clamping section 4 and an experiment section 5 which are connected in sequence and coaxially arranged, the expansion section 1 is communicated with the driving section 3 through a valve 2, the film clamping section 4 is arranged between the driving section 3 and the experiment section 5, and diaphragms for separating chambers are respectively arranged between the film clamping section 4 and the driving section 3 and between the film clamping section 4 and the experiment section 5, the tail end of the experimental section 5 is connected with a pressure sensor, the signal output end of the pressure sensor is connected to a data collector 9 through a signal converter 8, the data collector 9 is used for converting the voltage signal converted by the signal converter 8 into a pressure signal, the expansion section 1, the driving section 3, the film clamping section 4 and the experiment section 5 are respectively connected on a gas transmission pipeline 17 through valves, an expansion gas tank 14 for inflating the expansion section 1 is connected to the gas transmission pipeline 17.
Furthermore, the inner diameters of the expansion section, the driving section, the film clamping section and the experiment section are the same, the inner diameter of the valve (2) is the same as the inner diameter of the expansion section (1) and the inner diameter of the driving section (3), and the valve (2) is preferably a high-pressure turbine ball valve.
Further, the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor 6 and a second pressure sensor 7, wherein the first pressure sensor 6 is provided in plurality, and the first pressure sensor 6 is provided on the side wall of the experiment section 5, and the second pressure sensor 7 is provided at the end of the experiment section 5.
Further, still be connected with gas mixing tank 10, nitrogen gas jar 12, helium gas jar 13 through the valve respectively on the gas transmission pipeline 17, helium gas jar 13 or nitrogen gas jar 12 and helium gas jar 13 are used for aerifing for drive section 3 as drive gas, gas mixing tank 10 is used for the storage to be tested aerifys for experimental section 5, gas transmission pipeline 17 passes through breather pipe 18 intercommunication atmosphere, is provided with the valve on the breather pipe 18.
Further, still be connected with a vacuum pump on the gas transmission pipeline 17, the vacuum pump is used for expanding section 1, drive section 3, pressing from both sides membrane section 4 and experiment section 5 evacuation, prepares in the vacuum pump evacuation stage, because the inside spheroid space of valve 2 valve body also need be pumped to the vacuum, consequently need open valve 2.
According to the invention, a valve 2 between an expansion section 1 and a driving section 3 is opened, then a film clamping section 4 is communicated with the atmosphere through a vent pipe 18, then the pressure difference between the driving section 3 and an experiment section 5 breaks through diaphragms at two ends of the film clamping section 4, an incident compression shock wave is generated and transmitted to the experiment section 5, the temperature and the pressure of a fluid to be measured after the wave rises instantly, and meanwhile, a fan-shaped sparse expansion wave is generated in the reverse direction of a positive pressure difference and transmitted to the driving section 3 along the axial direction of the experiment section 5; in one embodiment of the invention, the valve 2 is opened and the membrane-sandwiching section 4 is then vented to atmosphere via the vent pipe 18 in 5S.
Because the mass exchange does not occur between the driving gas and the experimental gas when the shock tube runs, a contact surface can be formed after the membrane is broken. At the beginning, the contact surface and the shock wave are basically overlapped, but the movement speed of the contact surface is smaller than the propagation speed of the shock wave, so the distance between the contact surface and the shock wave is continuously enlarged along with the increase of the flowing distance. The incident shock wave is reflected at the tail end of the experiment section 5 to form a secondary reflection shock wave, the temperature and the pressure of the experiment gas are increased again, the experiment gas is pressurized and heated for the second time, the pressure and the temperature after the secondary wave are regulated and controlled through the driving gas and the experiment gas pressure, and the preset experiment condition is achieved. The tail end of the gas in the experimental section 5 is provided with a pressure sensor, when the incident shock wave passes through the first pressure sensor 6, the ignition diagnosis system is triggered, and the data acquisition unit 9 starts to record the output signals of the sensors; the incident shock wave speed can be obtained through the time interval of the shock wave reaching each sensor of the first pressure sensor 6 and the installation position of each sensor, and the self-ignition temperature is calculated through a one-dimensional shock wave equation; the pressure and the time of auto-ignition can be obtained from the pressure rise signal captured by the second pressure sensor 7. Up to this point, the auto-ignition time of the fuel under the set pressure and temperature conditions can be obtained. For the sparse expansion wave, the sparse wave head is reflected after reaching the end face of the driving section 3, so that the sparse wave head is spread towards the direction of the sound velocity experiment section 5 and chases the contact surface.
From the above analysis, it can be known that the longest effective experimental time that can be achieved by the shock wave tube is limited by the time that the high-pressure and high-temperature state of the gas in the experimental section 5 can be maintained after the secondary reflection shock wave, and the main factor influencing the state is that the secondary reflection shock wave or the rarefaction wave contacts with the contact surface and then reflects the unsteady wave again to disturb the gas state after the wave, and for the influence, a sewing contact surface operation mode is usually used, that is, helium and nitrogen are mixed, and the molecular weight of the driving gas and the adiabatic index are matched according to a certain proportion, so that the secondary reflection shock wave is completely projected without any reflection after contacting with the. Obviously, under suture conditions, the post-wave experimental gas state depends only on the time for the reflected rarefaction expansion wave head to reach the contact surface. And the effective experimental time is obviously prolonged by adopting a sewing contact surface operation mode. Therefore, increasing the length of the shock tube driving section 3 is the most effective method for prolonging the effective experimental time. However, the increase of the volume of the driving section 3 inevitably leads to the increase of the usage amount of helium, and the sewing condition is particularly remarkable.
The invention is used for separating an expansion section 1 and a driving section 3 through a valve 2; the expanding section 1 is filled with expanding gas with lower value relative to helium, so that the use cost of the helium is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the total length of the driving section 3 can be prolonged to improve the effective experiment time; helium or helium and nitrogen are filled into the driving section 3 to serve as driving gas, the driving gas in the driving section 3 needs to meet the requirement of generating strong shock waves, the helium has a large adiabatic index and a small molecular weight, and can generate the strong shock waves, nitrogen can be mixed into the helium, the mixed gas can effectively extend effective experiment time, and a larger experiment temperature range is obtained.

Claims (10)

1. A staged air inlet device for inducing strong shock waves is characterized by comprising an expansion section (1), a driving section (3), a membrane clamping section (4) and an experiment section (5) which are sequentially connected and coaxially arranged, wherein the expansion section (1) is communicated with the driving section (3) through a valve (2), membranes for separating the membrane clamping section (4) from the experiment section (5) are respectively arranged between the membrane clamping section (4) and the driving section (3) and between the membrane clamping section (4) and the experiment section (5), the tail end of the experiment section (5) is connected with a pressure sensor, the signal output end of the pressure sensor is connected to a data collector (9) through a signal converter (8), the data collector (9) is used for collecting voltage signals collected by the pressure sensor, and the expansion section (1), the driving section (3), the membrane clamping section (4) and the experiment section (5) are respectively connected to an air conveying pipeline (17) through valves, the gas transmission pipeline (17) is connected with an expansion gas tank (14) used for inflating the expansion section (1).
2. A staged induction device for intense shock waves according to claim 1, characterised in that the internal diameter of said valve (2) is the same as the internal diameter of the expansion section (1) and the internal diameter of the driving section (3).
3. A staged induction device for inducing intense shock waves according to claim 1, wherein said pressure sensors comprise a first pressure sensor (6) and a second pressure sensor (7), wherein said first pressure sensor (6) is provided in plurality, and said first pressure sensor (6) is provided on the side wall of the experimental section (5), and said second pressure sensor (7) is provided at the end of the experimental section (5).
4. The staged intake device for inducing intense shock waves according to claim 1, wherein the gas transmission pipeline (17) is further connected with a gas mixing tank (10), a nitrogen tank (12) and a helium tank (13) through valves, the helium tank (13) or the nitrogen tank (12) and the helium tank (13) are used as driving gases for inflating the driving section (3), the gas mixing tank (10) is used for storing the gas to be tested for inflating the experimental section (5), the gas transmission pipeline (17) is communicated with the atmosphere through a vent pipe (18), and a valve is arranged on the vent pipe (18).
5. A staged air inlet device for inducing strong shock waves according to claim 1, wherein a vacuum pump (11) is further connected to the air delivery pipeline (17), and the vacuum pump (11) is used for vacuumizing the expansion section (1), the driving section (3), the film clamping section (4) and the experiment section (5).
6. A staged gas intake device for inducing intense shock waves according to claim 1, wherein a second pressure gauge (16) for monitoring the gas pressure in the gas transmission pipeline and in the expansion section (1), the driving section (3) and the film clamping section (4) is connected to the gas transmission pipeline (17) through a valve, and a first pressure gauge (15) for monitoring the gas pressure in the experimental section (5) is connected to the experimental section through a valve.
7. A staged air induction device for inducing intense shock waves according to claim 1, wherein the expanding section (1), the driving section (3), the film clamping section (4) and the experimental section (5) have the same inner diameter.
8. A staged induction device for inducing intense shock waves according to claim 1, characterized in that the expanding gas tank (14) contains air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
9. A staged induction device for inducing intense shock waves according to claim 1, wherein said first pressure sensor (6) is PCB113B 22 and said second pressure sensor (7) is PCB113B 03.
10. The method of operating an air intake apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) according to the experiment requirement, the driving gas pressure and the experiment gas pressure required under the target working condition are calculated by a shock wave equation, and the gas pressure value of the film clamping section (4) is determined according to the driving gas pressure and the experiment gas pressure; clamping diaphragms between the film clamping section (4) and the driving section (3) and between the film clamping section (4) and the experiment section (5), opening the valve (2), pumping the expansion section (1), the driving section (3), the film clamping section (4) and the experiment section (5) to a vacuum state, and then closing the valve (2);
2) driving gas is introduced into the film clamping section (4) and the driving section (3), the pressure difference between the film clamping section (4) and the driving section (3) and the pressure difference between the film clamping section (4) and the experiment section (5) are ensured to be smaller than the allowable pressure difference in the introduction process, when the gas pressure of the film clamping section (4) reaches the gas pressure value of the film clamping section (4), the gas inlet of the film clamping section (4) is stopped, and the driving section (3) continues to enter the driving gas until the driving gas pressure required under the target working condition is reached;
3) introducing expansion gas into the expansion section (1) until the pressures of the expansion section (1) and the driving section (3) are the same; then, the experimental gas enters the experimental section (5), ventilation is stopped until the experimental gas pressure is reached, and then the data acquisition unit (9) is adjusted to the state of automatically recording data;
4) opening a valve (2), then communicating a film clamping section (4) with the atmosphere, wherein a diaphragm is broken due to the fact that pressure changes exceed allowable pressure, at the moment, shock waves are generated and spread to an experiment section (5) along the axial direction of a driving section (3), when the shock waves pass through a pressure sensor of the experiment section (5), the pressure sensor captures a pressure rising signal, then the signal is converted through a signal converter (8), the converted signal enters a data collector (9), the data collector (9) starts to record a signal of the pressure of experiment gas in the experiment section (5) changing along with time, when the shock waves reach the tail end of the experiment section (5) to be tested and reflected through an end face, the temperature and the pressure of the experiment gas in the experiment section (5) reach the requirements of the experiment once again, then processing voltage signals of the data collector (9) to obtain the self-ignition time of the experiment gas, Ignition temperature and pressure.
CN201911055377.6A 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 Staged air intake device and method for inducing strong shock waves Pending CN110686902A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113465931A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-10-01 西安交通大学 Variable cross-section shock wave induced ultra-low pressure self-ignition experimental device and method
CN113484026A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-10-08 上海交通大学 Shock wave focusing ignition and corresponding ignition characteristic measuring device and method
CN114137146A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-04 西安交通大学 Experimental device and method for inducing strong shock waves by high-activity fuel
CN114264447A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-01 西安交通大学 Injection type shock tube and method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113465931A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-10-01 西安交通大学 Variable cross-section shock wave induced ultra-low pressure self-ignition experimental device and method
CN113484026A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-10-08 上海交通大学 Shock wave focusing ignition and corresponding ignition characteristic measuring device and method
CN114137146A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-04 西安交通大学 Experimental device and method for inducing strong shock waves by high-activity fuel
CN114264447A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-01 西安交通大学 Injection type shock tube and method

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