CN110686863B - Test device for simulating liquid overflow after catastrophic failure of storage tank and test method thereof - Google Patents
Test device for simulating liquid overflow after catastrophic failure of storage tank and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110686863B CN110686863B CN201911042463.3A CN201911042463A CN110686863B CN 110686863 B CN110686863 B CN 110686863B CN 201911042463 A CN201911042463 A CN 201911042463A CN 110686863 B CN110686863 B CN 110686863B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating liquid overflow after a storage tank has catastrophic failure, which belong to the field of industrial research and are used for simulating the blocking effect of a protective dike on released liquid and exploring a protective dike design scheme for effectively reducing overflow liquid. The system comprises an air cylinder lifting system, an overflow system and a data acquisition system; the cylinder lifting system comprises a bracket, a cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a cylinder connecting plate, a screw rod, an electric cabinet and an air compressor; the overflow system comprises a storage tank, a protective dike supporting plate, a receiving container, a balance and a rubber ring; the data acquisition system comprises a pressure sensor, a data acquisition device, a high-speed camera and an upper computer; a screw rod with adjustable height is movably connected between the protective dike and the air cylinder connecting plate, a spring and a nut are sleeved at the upper end of the screw rod, and the tension of the spring and the upper and lower heights of the protective dike supporting plates are adjusted by the nut so that the storage tank just falls on the protective dike.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device for simulating liquid overflow after a catastrophic failure of a storage tank and a test method thereof, belongs to the field of industrial research, and particularly relates to a device for exploring the liquid overflow behavior of the storage tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG for short), which relates to an accident scene that after the catastrophic failure accident of the storage tank for liquefied natural gas occurs, a protective dike can not effectively bear part of liquid overflow out of the protective dike caused by all original liquid in the storage tank; the method is used for simulating the blocking effect of the protective dike on the released liquid and exploring the design scheme of the protective dike for effectively reducing overflow liquid.
Background
With increasing importance of people on environmental protection, natural gas is widely applied due to the characteristics of high heat value and small pollution. The advent of LNG has brought great convenience to natural gas storage and transport. LNG is a liquid mixture based on methane and has a boiling point at-162 ℃ under normal pressure. As low-temperature liquid, the low-temperature liquid can undergo severe heat exchange with the surrounding environment and is rapidly vaporized, and because of the volume expansion of 600 times in the vaporization process, a small amount of leakage can generate huge vapor cloud clusters which can be mixed with air to form combustible gas, and the explosion limit at room temperature is 5-15%. Fire and even explosion accidents occur when the ignition source is encountered, and casualties and property loss are caused. The LNG is mostly stored in a storage tank and is vaporized again when in use. With the continuous progress of industry technology, the volume of the LNG storage tank is continuously increased, and the safety requirements of storage tank accessories are continuously increased.
LNG tanks are subject to instantaneous complete collapse, i.e., catastrophic failure, due to a variety of causes such as nearby fires, corrosion, safety valve failure, etc. According to the current specifications of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) production, storage and shipment GB/T20368-2012 and the like, a secondary protection device, namely a protective dike, is arranged around the storage tank to inhibit the LNG liquid in the storage tank from diffusing, so that accident injury is reduced. The embankments may be of various configurations, ranging from sloping embankments to more complex concrete high-collar embankments, with a height equal to or greater than the height of the tank itself. The GB/T20368-2012 sets forth the requirements for a protective dike around the occurrence of a catastrophic failure of an LNG storage tank: the embankment can withstand sufficient LNG liquid impact and its capacity is 110% of the maximum tank liquid volume. However, in actual engineering, after the storage tank has catastrophic failure, the potential energy of the LNG is converted into kinetic energy in the leakage process, and the kinetic energy can cross the protective dike to generate overflow accidents in the process of impacting the protective dike. The uk health and safety administration (HSE) states in its guidelines on the storage of flammable liquids in tanks that "the capacity of the embankment is not sufficient for only 110% of the maximum tank capacity", "the tank should be strong enough to control any overflows".
Domestic studies to evaluate the reliability of the embankment and such overflow behaviour remain blank. The reliability of the protective dike with catastrophic failure of the storage tank still needs to be further checked by combining various accident training and current regulations, and the behavior research of LNG liquid in the whole overflowing process is also very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a test device and a test method for simulating overflow of liquid after catastrophic failure of a storage tank, which are suitable for full-scale simulation of overflow behavior of LNG liquid (liquefied natural gas) in a protective dike after catastrophic failure of the storage tank. And monitoring pressure parameters and overflowing process in the LNG liquid release process by using a high-speed camera and a pressure data acquisition instrument, collecting overflowing liquid by a receiving container, and weighing the mass of the overflowing liquid by a balance. The method is characterized by taking the value of the overflow rate (the mass of overflow liquid accounts for the total mass of liquid in the original storage tank) Q as a reference, checking the reliability of the embankment required by the international existing standard, and reasonably improving the allocation of the embankment and the storage tank according to the parameter so as to be suitable for the actual engineering situation.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
The test device for simulating liquid overflow after the catastrophic failure of the storage tank comprises a cylinder lifting system, an overflow system and a data acquisition system.
The cylinder lifting system comprises a bracket, a cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a cylinder connecting plate, a screw rod, an electric cabinet and an air compressor; the bracket is cuboid and plays a supporting role in the whole equipment; the support comprises a support body and a support column, wherein the support body is divided into an upper body and a lower body through the support column; the upper part of the upper body is provided with a cylinder connecting plate; the cylinder is fixed on the cylinder connecting plate, and the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a pressure reducing valve; the air compressor is externally arranged outside the bracket, two air inlet valves of the air compressor are connected with the upper end and the lower end of the air cylinder through air inlet pipes, and the power required by the air cylinder lifting device is provided by compressed air generated in the air compressor; the electric control box is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the lower body, and an electromagnetic valve, a wire and a switch for controlling the air cylinder and the air compressor are arranged in the electric control box.
The air compressor is connected with the air cylinder through a polyethylene Plastic (PE) pipe, and an electromagnetic valve and a pressure reducing valve are arranged between the air compressor and the air cylinder; when the electromagnetic coil is electrified, the electromagnetic valve generates magnetic force to attract and overcomes the pressure of the spring to drive the valve core to act, so that the opening and closing of the air cylinder are realized.
The air compressor adopts a small air compressor sold in the market, the compressed air contains a certain amount of moisture, oil and dust, the temperature of the compressed air is up to 140 ℃ or higher, part of the water and the oil become gas energy, a filter screen is arranged in the air compressor, and the air compressor is used for driving the air cylinder by the purified compressed air.
The overflow system comprises a storage tank, a protective dike supporting plate, a receiving container, a balance and a rubber ring; a protective dike supporting plate is arranged at the upper part of the lower body, and a protective dike is fixed on the protective dike supporting plate; the bottom of the storage tank is provided with an opening, the bottom of the storage tank is provided with a circle of groove, the rubber ring is fixed in the groove at the bottom of the storage tank, and part of the rubber ring is exposed out of the groove; when the LNG storage tank is used, LNG liquid or LNG substitutes are arranged in the storage tank, the storage tank is reversely buckled on the protective dike, and the self gravity is utilized to compress the rubber ring, so that the sealing effect is achieved; the storage tank is provided with a top cover and a tank body movably connected with the top cover, the top cover is a metal cover, and the tank body is a glass barrel body; the storage tank is connected with the air cylinder through the top cover; the balance is arranged below the bottom of the lower body, and the receiving container is horizontally arranged on the balance and is not deformed; the receiving container is coaxial with the protective dike;
The data acquisition system comprises a pressure sensor, a data acquisition device, a high-power camera and an upper computer, wherein the pressure sensor is installed on a protective dike and is connected to the data acquisition device through a cable, and pressure data are transmitted to the upper computer through the data acquisition device for processing and analysis. The high-power camera is connected with the upper computer through a wireless Wi-Fi network or a wired network, so that shooting and recording of the whole experimental process are facilitated, and the high-power camera is connected with the upper computer, so that later-stage storage and experimental analysis are facilitated.
A plurality of screw rods with adjustable height are connected between the protective dike and the air cylinder connecting plate, a spring is sleeved at the upper end of each screw rod, nuts are sleeved on the upper parts of the springs, and the tightness of the springs and the upper and lower heights of the protective dike supporting plates are adjusted by the nuts so that the storage tank just falls on the protective dike.
The number of the screw rods is at least 3 so as to be stably connected with the breakwater and the breakwater supporting plate.
Three fan-shaped holes are formed in the metal cover of the storage tank and are used for adding liquid into the storage tank during experimental preparation.
The breakwater is fixed on the breakwater supporting plate through four screws so as to simulate the stable structure of the breakwater on the ground.
The joint of the protective dike and surrounding equipment is sealed by adopting a silica gel pad so as to prevent errors in experiments caused by liquid leakage.
The storage tank and the protective dike are made of transparent materials, so that observation in the experimental process is facilitated, and the high-speed camera is also convenient to record the experimental process.
The LNG cannot be filled in the storage tank. Since LNG is at a low temperature of-162 c, part of the liquid is vaporized and the pressure in the cryogenic tank increases during storage under the influence of ambient temperature. The LNG storage tank can not have a full-load state, or a certain space is reserved for the gasified natural gas, so that the storage tank is ensured not to be overpressurized.
In order to simulate the flowing behavior of the overflowed liquid and ensure that the receiving container can effectively receive the overflowed liquid, the distance between the protective dike and the receiving container is reduced as much as possible, and the maximum distance between the protective dike and the receiving container is 0.3m.
The container is a wooden frame, plastic cloth is arranged in the container and used for receiving water overflowing from the protective dike, the horizontal section of the container is required to be capable of completely receiving overflowing liquid, and meanwhile, deformation on a balance does not influence weighing.
The pressure sensor is a pressure-voltage sensor, is a miniature acceleration compensation instrument with the measuring range of 3.5-50 bar, can generate signals with high level and low impedance, and is voltage simulation of dynamic pressure input; the pressure sensor is fixed in the hole of the embankment through the thread bush, so that the embankment is guaranteed not to have water leakage.
The data acquisition device is a four-channel data acquisition device, and is connected with the pressure sensor through a cable, so that reliable test results are ensured, and the uncertainty of measurement is reduced.
Matching software is arranged in the upper computer and can be used for receiving experimental data and analyzing and processing experimental results; while multiple devices are connected to create a measurement network, high speed cameras can also be integrated to obtain more valuable measurement information.
The high speed camera recorded video clips for each experiment and video was transmitted to the computer using video editing software. This video is used to monitor the movement pattern of the liquid in the tank and the embankment and subsequently the movement behaviour of the liquid as it approaches and exceeds the embankment under kinetic energy drive.
The protection dike has various configurations in practical engineering besides ensuring the strength capable of bearing water impact, so that various parameters such as the shape, capacity, h/r ratio and the like of the protection dike can be selected according to the overflow rate in the device, and various types of protection dikes are adopted so as to study the influence condition of multi-factor coupling on the overflow rate.
The cylinder adopts a mini cylinder of Adand MBL model to simulate the damage effect caused by sudden collapse of the storage tank. The cylinder is a small cylindrical metal assembly in which the piston is guided to reciprocate. After the compressed air passes through the pressure reducing valve, the air outlet of the cylinder is regulated when the cylinder descends, and the air outlet is reduced, so that the resistance of the cylinder when the cylinder descends is increased, and the damage to the storage tank and the protective dike caused by excessive pressure is prevented.
The rubber ring is arranged in the groove at the bottom of the storage tank, the rubber ring can just form a sealing structure with the groove, and part of the rubber ring is exposed, and in the use process, the gravity of the storage tank is utilized to compress the rubber ring, so that a sealing state is formed between the storage tank and the protective dike.
Working principle:
When the device works, LNG with proper volume is filled in the storage tank, the storage tank is quickly lifted by the air cylinder to simulate the catastrophic failure fault of the whole storage tank, the original LNG liquid column in the storage tank is quickly released to the protective dike because the bottom of the storage tank is provided with an opening, the existing protective dike can not completely hold the liquid in the storage tank, part of the liquid can overflow the protective dike to reach the receiving container while impacting the protective dike, and the balance is used for weighing the mass of the overflowed liquid and the total mass of the original liquid in the storage tank. In the process, the overflow behavior and rule of the liquid are explored by using the pressure sensor and the high-power camera. The breakwater is replaced according to the requirement, the influence on the overflow rate under the condition of multi-factor coupling is researched, the influence effect of each parameter on the reliability of the breakwater is evaluated, and the optimal design under the multi-factor effect is achieved.
The invention relates to a test method of a test device for simulating liquid overflow after a storage tank has catastrophic failure, which comprises the following steps:
1) Opening an air compressor switch in the electric cabinet to control the rising speed of the air cylinder and control the pressure to be 0.35MPa;
2) Adding LNG, a dangerous substitute-water or liquid nitrogen (LN 2) with low-temperature volatility into a storage tank by adopting a container, wherein the storage tank cannot be filled with the added substances in order to simulate the vaporization effect of the LNG; at the moment, the storage tank and the protective dike form a sealing state, so that liquid leakage cannot occur;
3) Starting a data acquisition system and a high-speed camera, and starting the processes of data acquisition and water-over-flow of the photographed water; reading an indication M1 of the balance at the moment, wherein the indication is the mass of the receiving container;
4) Opening a solenoid valve switch of the air cylinder to drive the air cylinder to quickly lift the storage tank to fully expose the water column so as to simulate the overflow behavior of liquid after the storage tank is in catastrophic failure; the LNG liquid or the LNG substitute can overflow for a plurality of times in the whole process until the water surface is basically calm;
5) After the water surface is calm, the data acquisition system and the high-speed camera are turned off, and the mass M2, M2-M1 of the balance is read to obtain the mass of the liquid overflowing out of the protective dike; unscrewing the screw under the protective dike to enable the liquid in the protective dike to completely flow into the carrying container, and reading the balance indication M3 again, wherein M3-M1 is the total mass of the original liquid in the storage tank;
6) Drawing a curve of pressure change along with time according to the measured data of the data acquisition instrument, and analyzing the data by combining the shot images;
7) Screwing a breakwater screw, closing an electromagnetic valve switch, and slowly dropping the storage tank on the breakwater;
8) The air compressor switch is turned off to reduce the number of the pressure gauge to 0MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the device provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) The experimental equipment of the device integrates overflow and weighing, has the advantages of simple operation, real-time transmission, complete and accurate data, strong adaptability and the like, and is suitable for researching the overflow behaviors of various liquids such as water, LNG and LN 2 in the embankment.
2) The device designs and builds a full-scale experimental model for simulating catastrophic failure of a first cylinder driving storage tank for the first time, the cylinder used by the device is driven by compressed air, and in the experiment, the cylinder rapidly lifts the storage tank, so that a liquid column is completely exposed to the air, and the situation of the catastrophic failure of the storage tank is perfectly simulated.
3) Three screw rods are arranged between the cylinder connecting plate and the protective dike supporting plate, and meanwhile, the upper ends of the screw rods are sleeved with springs, and the tension of the springs and the upper and lower heights of the supporting plates are adjusted by nuts, so that a storage tank just falls on the protective dike; therefore, the device is not limited to laboratory scale, and the device can be scaled up according to the requirements, so that the laboratory scale can be popularized to the field experiment scale.
4) The device has the advantages in simulating partial failure of the storage tank, most of the existing LNG external storage tanks are of reinforced concrete structures, cracks and small holes can appear in the partial failure scenes in the use process, and the device can simulate and analyze the overflow behavior; the joint of the breakwater and surrounding equipment is sealed by adopting the latex pad so as to prevent errors in experiments caused by liquid leakage.
5) The device has a larger reference value for the design of the protective dike in actual engineering, takes the overflow rate (the mass of overflowed liquid accounts for the mass of liquid in the storage tank) Q as a reference object, evaluates the reliability of the design of the protective dike in engineering and can further redesign and improve the design. According to the previous study, the overflow rate has a large relationship with several parameters including the height H of the liquid in the storage tank, the radius R of the storage tank, the radius R of the protective dike, the height H of the protective dike and the inclination angle theta of the protective dike for firefighting rescue, and the overflow rate is reduced by optimizing the protective dike.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-1, a support body, 1-2, a support column, 2, an air cylinder, 3, a pressure reducing valve, 4, an air cylinder connecting plate, 5, a screw rod, 6, a spring, 7, an electric cabinet, 8, an air compressor, 9, an air inlet pipe, 10, a storage tank, 11, a protective dike, 12, a protective dike supporting plate, 13, a receiving container, 14, a balance, 15, a rubber ring, 16, a pressure sensor, 17, a data acquisition device, 18, a cable, 19, a high-power camera, 20 and a nut.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the test device for simulating liquid overflow after catastrophic failure of the storage tank comprises a cylinder lifting system, an overflow system and a data acquisition system.
The cylinder lifting system comprises a bracket 1, a cylinder 2, a pressure reducing valve 3, a cylinder connecting plate 4, a screw rod 5, an electric cabinet 7 and an air compressor 8; the bracket is cuboid and plays a supporting role in the whole equipment; the bracket comprises a bracket body 1-1 and a supporting column 1-2, wherein the bracket body 1-1 is divided into an upper body and a lower body through the supporting column 1-2; the upper part of the upper body is provided with a cylinder connecting plate 4; the air cylinder 2 is fixed on the air cylinder connecting plate 4, and the lower end of the air cylinder 2 is provided with the pressure reducing valve 3; the air compressor 8 is arranged outside the bracket, an air inlet valve of the air compressor 8 is connected with the upper end and the lower end of the air cylinder 2 through two air inlet pipes 9, and the power required by the air cylinder lifting device is provided by compressed air generated in the air compressor 8; the electric control box 7 is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the lower body, and an electromagnetic valve, a wire and a switch for controlling the air cylinder 2 and the air compressor 8 are arranged in the electric control box 7.
The air compressor 8 is connected with the air cylinder 2 through an air pipe, and an electromagnetic valve and a pressure reducing valve 3 are arranged between the air compressor 8 and the air cylinder 2; when the electromagnetic coil is electrified, the electromagnetic valve generates magnetic force to attract and overcomes the pressure of the spring to drive the valve core to act, so that the opening and closing of the air cylinder 2 are realized.
The overflow system comprises a storage tank 10, a protective dike 11, a protective dike supporting plate 12, a receiving container 13, a balance 14 and a rubber ring 15; a protective dike supporting plate 12 is arranged at the upper part of the lower body, and a protective dike 11 is fixed on the protective dike supporting plate 12; the bottom of the storage tank 10 is opened, a circle of groove structure is formed in the bottom, the rubber ring 15 is fixed in the groove at the bottom of the storage tank 10, and a part of the rubber ring is exposed out of the groove; when in use, LNG, water or LN 2 (which cannot be filled) is filled in the storage tank 10, the storage tank 10 is reversely buckled on the protective dike 11, and the self gravity is utilized to compress the rubber ring 15, so that the sealing effect is achieved; the storage tank 10 is provided with a top cover and a tank body movably connected with the top cover, wherein the top cover is a metal cover, and the tank body is a glass barrel body; the storage tank 10 is connected with the cylinder 2 through a metal cover; the balance 14 is placed below the bottom of the lower body, and the receiving container 13 is horizontally placed on the balance 14 and is not deformed; the receiving container 13 is coaxial with the embankment 11; three screw rods 5 with adjustable height are movably connected between the protective dike 11 and the air cylinder connecting plate 4, a spring 6 is sleeved at the upper end of each screw rod 5, a nut 20 is sleeved on the upper part of the spring 6, and the tension of the spring 6 and the upper and lower heights of the protective dike supporting plates 12 are adjusted by the nut 20 so that the storage tank 10 just falls on the protective dike 11.
The data acquisition system comprises a pressure sensor 16, a data acquisition device 17, a high-power camera 19 and an upper computer, wherein the pressure sensor 16 is arranged on the embankment 11 and is connected into the data acquisition device 17 through a cable 18, and the data acquisition device 17 transmits pressure data to the upper computer for processing and analysis. In addition, the bracket is also provided with a high-power camera 19, and the high-power camera 19 is connected with an upper computer through a wireless Wi-Fi network or a wired network, so that later-stage storage and experimental analysis are facilitated. The high power camera 19 can record and shoot the experimental process from multiple directions on the front and the side.
Three fan-shaped holes are formed in the metal cover of the tank 10 for adding liquid into the tank 10 in preparation for experiments.
The protective dike 11 is fixed on the protective dike supporting plate 12 through four screws, and a silica gel gasket is added at the screw to prevent liquid leakage.
When in use, the transparent storage tank 10 is filled with LNG liquid with proper volume, and the upper end of the transparent storage tank is connected with the cylinder 2 and the pressure reducing valve 3 through nuts. When an experiment starts, the air compressor 8 is turned on to enable the pressure to reach 0.35MPa, compressed air generated in the air compressor drives the air cylinder to lift the storage tank 10 through the air inlet pipe 9, the stroke of the air cylinder 2 is 0.3m, the liquid column in the storage tank 10 is instantly exposed in the air, then the liquid column rapidly falls into the protective dike 11 made of PVC materials, in the process, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, and part of liquid overflows when the liquid continuously impacts the protective dike; reaching the wooden receiving container 13, the change in the indication from the balance 14 gives the mass of overflow liquid.
At the same time, the non-overflowed liquid impacting the protective dike 11 is reflected from the wall surface and is mixed and accumulated with the liquid in the original dike until part of the liquid has the kinetic energy of overflowing out of the protective dike 11 again. And so on, then overflows again several times until the water surface calms. In the process, the pressure sensor 16 is used for monitoring and drawing a pressure change curve of the process, data are completely transmitted to the data acquisition device 17 and the upper computer through the cable 18, and the overflow rule is analyzed and summarized through the data acquisition software program.
In order to expand the experimental scale, as shown in the figure, three screw rods 5 are added in the middle of the aluminum alloy bracket body 1-1, the upper parts of the screw rods are fixed on the cylinder connecting plate 4 together with the cylinder 9, springs 6 are respectively fixed to reduce the pressure damage to the storage tank when the cylinder is pressed down, the lower parts of the screw rods are fixed on the protective dike supporting plate 12, the heights of the protective dikes are adjusted by adjusting the nut 20 of the screw rods 5 and the tension of the springs 6, so that the storage tank 10 just falls on the protective dike 11, and the sealing effect is achieved by the rubber ring 15.
The device can realize the replacement of the embankment and the storage tank with different configurations. The method is used for researching a scene that the liquid of the storage tank spreads and even overflows everywhere in the protective dike, and a high-speed camera and a pressure sensor are used for monitoring a pressure change curve and an image in the overflow process to clarify the complex physical mechanism and rule of the overflow process.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a test device of simulation liquid overflow after storage tank disastrous inefficacy which characterized in that: the system comprises an air cylinder lifting system, an overflow system and a data acquisition system;
The cylinder lifting system comprises a bracket, a cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a cylinder connecting plate, a screw rod, an electric cabinet and an air compressor; the bracket is cuboid and plays a supporting role in the whole equipment; the support comprises a support body and a support column, wherein the support body is divided into an upper body and a lower body through the support column; the upper part of the upper body is provided with a cylinder connecting plate; the cylinder is fixed on the cylinder connecting plate, and the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a pressure reducing valve; the air compressor is externally arranged outside the bracket, the air compressor is connected with the upper end and the lower end of the air cylinder through an air inlet pipe, and the power required by the air cylinder lifting device is provided by compressed air generated in the air compressor; the electric control box is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the lower body, and an electromagnetic valve, a lead and a switch for controlling the air cylinder and the air compressor are arranged in the electric control box;
The overflow system comprises a storage tank, a protective dike supporting plate, a receiving container, a balance and a rubber ring; a protective dike supporting plate is arranged at the upper part of the lower body, and a protective dike is fixed on the protective dike supporting plate; the bottom of the storage tank is provided with an opening, the bottom of the storage tank is provided with a circle of groove, and the rubber ring is fixed in the groove at the bottom of the storage tank and is partially exposed; when the LNG storage tank is used, LNG liquid or LNG substitutes are arranged in the storage tank, the storage tank is reversely buckled on the protective dike, and the self gravity is utilized to compress the rubber ring, so that the sealing effect is achieved; the storage tank is provided with a top cover and a tank body movably connected with the top cover, the top cover is a metal cover, and the tank body is a glass barrel body; the storage tank is connected with the air cylinder through a metal cover; the balance is arranged below the bottom of the lower body, and the receiving container is horizontally arranged on the balance and is not deformed; the receiving container is coaxial with the protective dike;
The data acquisition system comprises a pressure sensor, a data acquisition device, a high-speed camera and an upper computer, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged on a protective dike and is connected into the data acquisition device through a cable, and the data acquisition device is used for transmitting pressure data to the upper computer for processing and analysis; the high-speed camera is connected with the upper computer, and records of the experimental process are sent to the upper computer for analysis;
A plurality of screw rods with adjustable height are movably connected between the protective dike and the air cylinder connecting plate, a spring is sleeved at the upper end of each screw rod, a nut is sleeved on the upper part of the spring, and the tension of the spring and the upper and lower heights of the protective dike supporting plates are adjusted by the nut so that the storage tank just falls on the protective dike;
The protective dike is fixed on the protective dike supporting plate through four screws so as to simulate the stable structure of the protective dike on the ground; the joints of the embankment and surrounding equipment are sealed by silica gel mats;
the rubber ring is arranged in the groove at the bottom of the storage tank, the rubber ring can just form a sealing structure with the groove, part of the rubber ring is exposed, and in the use process, the rubber ring is tightly pressed by the gravity of the storage tank to form a sealing state.
2. The test device for simulating the overflow of a liquid after a catastrophic failure of a tank according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the screw rods is at least 3.
3. The test device for simulating the overflow of a liquid after a catastrophic failure of a tank according to claim 2, wherein: the high-power camera is connected with the upper computer through a wireless Wi-Fi network or a wired network.
4. The test device for simulating the overflow of a liquid after a catastrophic failure of a tank according to claim 1, wherein: three fan-shaped holes are formed in the metal cover of the storage tank and are used for adding liquid into the storage tank during experimental preparation.
5. The test device for simulating the overflow of a liquid after a catastrophic failure of a tank according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the protective dike and the carrying container is not more than 0.3m.
6. The method of testing a test device for simulating the overflow of a liquid after a catastrophic failure of a tank of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Opening an air compressor switch in the electric cabinet to control the rising speed of the air cylinder and control the pressure to be 0.35MPa;
2) Adding LNG, a substitute for reducing the danger, water or liquid nitrogen with low-temperature volatility into a storage tank by adopting a container, wherein the storage tank cannot be filled with the added substances in order to simulate the vaporization effect of the LNG; at the moment, the storage tank and the protective dike form a sealing state, so that liquid leakage cannot occur;
3) Starting a data acquisition system and a high-speed camera, and starting the processes of data acquisition and water-over-flow of the photographed water; reading an indication M1 of the balance at the moment, wherein the indication is the mass of the receiving container;
4) Opening a solenoid valve switch of the air cylinder to drive the air cylinder to quickly lift the storage tank to fully expose the water column so as to simulate the overflow behavior of liquid after the storage tank is in catastrophic failure; the LNG liquid or the LNG substitute can overflow for a plurality of times in the whole process until the water surface is basically calm;
5) After the water surface is calm, the data acquisition system and the high-speed camera are turned off, and the mass M2, M2-M1 of the balance is read to obtain the mass of the liquid overflowing out of the protective dike; unscrewing the screw under the protective dike to enable the liquid in the protective dike to completely flow into the carrying container, and reading the balance indication M3 again, wherein M3-M1 is the total mass of the original liquid in the storage tank;
6) Drawing a curve of temperature and pressure change along with time according to the measured data of the data acquisition instrument, and analyzing the data by combining the shot images;
7) Screwing a breakwater screw, closing an electromagnetic valve switch, and slowly dropping the storage tank on the breakwater;
8) The air compressor switch is turned off to reduce the number of the pressure gauge to 0MPa.
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| CN210375618U (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-04-21 | 南京工业大学 | Test device for simulating liquid overflow after catastrophic failure of storage tank |
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| CN102400674A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-04-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Supercritical carbon dioxide shaft multi-phase flow simulation test device |
| CN202348259U (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-07-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Supercritical carbon dioxide well bore multi-phase flow simulation test device |
| CN108732046A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-02 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of steel oil storage tank wall surface breaking test platform under disaster-ridden kind of coupling and its experimental method |
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