CN110686776A - Indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device and method, wherein the indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device comprises a scene simulation subsystem, a skylight simulation subsystem, a sunlight simulation subsystem, an imaging simulation subsystem and an integrated control subsystem. The hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation method can utilize the device to simulate imaging in sweep, push sweep and staring modes on a scene simulating the spectral reflection characteristic of a field earth surface in an indoor simulated field illumination environment. The simulation device and the simulation method are used for simulating the hyperspectral remote sensing imaging, and the problems that in a traditional indoor experiment, the difference between the spectrum and the directional reflection characteristic of a target and the field earth surface is large, the space distribution and the spectral characteristic of illumination are not real, a hyperspectral imager is lacked, and the field hyperspectral remote sensing imaging cannot be accurately simulated are solved.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to an indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device and method, belongs to remote sensing imaging simulation technology, and is suitable for panchromatic, multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation.
(II) background of the invention
The hyperspectral remote sensing technology can also acquire the spectral characteristics of the earth surface on the basis of the original spatial information and tone information of the earth surface, so that the hyperspectral remote sensing image has more complex and comprehensive information than the previous panchromatic and multispectral remote sensing images, can accurately reflect the chemical composition and physical characteristics of ground objects, and can more effectively identify earth surface targets. However, due to spectral subdivision and weakened signals, the remote sensing imaging process is easily interfered by various factors, and therefore deep research on a hyperspectral remote sensing imaging mechanism is needed. In order to deepen the understanding of the change mechanism of the surface spectral characteristics and the directional reflection characteristics in the imaging process and evaluate the identification capability of a target identification algorithm under different imaging conditions, an indoor imaging simulation experiment needs to be developed. In an indoor imaging simulation experiment, how to accurately simulate the remote sensing imaging process is the difficult point of improving the remote sensing imaging simulation precision.
Most of the existing indoor optical imaging simulation systems are used for detecting or guiding infrared spectrum (8-14 mu m), and a few systems facing visible-near infrared (0.4-1.0 mu m) are used for panchromatic (single-band) or multispectral imaging simulation. The ISF simulation device developed by Itek adopts a floodlight halogen tungsten lamp array and a collimation halogen tungsten lamp to simulate skylight and sunlight illumination respectively, utilizes a specially manufactured and dyed scaling sand table as a simulation scene, utilizes a CCD camera to simulate panchromatic imaging, and utilizes a color film camera to simulate multispectral imaging. Because the light sources are halogen tungsten lamps, the spectral characteristics of the sunlight and the skylight simulated by the device are greatly different from those of the real sunlight and the skylight. Because the shapes and the tones of the ground objects are simulated by adopting materials such as wood, plastic, metal and the like and dyeing, the spectrum and the directional reflection characteristics determined by the material of the real ground objects cannot be accurately simulated. Therefore, the device cannot realize visible-short wave infrared (0.4-2.5 μm) hyperspectral imaging simulation. An aerospace optical remote sensor simulation system developed by Beijing university of science and technology utilizes a high-power light source to irradiate a sand table, and utilizes a TDICCD camera arranged on a two-dimensional turntable to image the sand table. Due to the lack of skylight, the system simulates the surface of the earth receiving illumination that is significantly different from the real world. In addition, the sand table mainly simulates the color, size and spatial distribution of various targets and backgrounds, and the simulation result mainly focuses on the gray value and contrast ratio of the targets and the backgrounds in the image and cannot completely reflect the spectral characteristic and the directional reflection characteristic of 0.4-2.5 mu m. Therefore, the system can not be used for 0.4-2.5 μm hyperspectral imaging simulation.
Some existing simulation technologies adopt a chlorophyll dyeing method to simulate vegetation, so that the directional reflection characteristic of the vegetation can not be obviously obtained, and only partial characteristics of green vegetation can be simulated (even if the green vegetation also contains other pigments, cellulose and the like, which all affect the spectrum), so that the method has limitations.
Summarizing the characteristics of the existing optical imaging simulation system, firstly, the light source has obvious difference with the field real illumination in spectral characteristics and spatial distribution, secondly, the difference between the spectral and directional reflection characteristics of the simulated scene sand table and the real ground objects is larger, and the secondary imager mostly adopts a camera instead of a hyperspectral imager, so that the existing optical imaging simulation system can not meet the requirement of hyperspectral imaging simulation.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide an indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device and method closer to a real overall process, and aims to solve the problem that the existing indoor optical imaging simulation system cannot realize hyperspectral imaging simulation of 0.4-2.5 mu m.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the hyperspectral remote sensing indoor imaging simulation device mainly comprises the following components shown in the attached figure 1: (1) the scene simulation subsystem is used for simulating a visible-short wave infrared band spectrum, a directional reflection characteristic and spatial distribution of ground objects; (2) the sky light simulation subsystem is used for simulating visible-short wave infrared band sky light illumination of different modes received by the ground object; (3) the sunlight simulation subsystem is used for simulating visible-short wave infrared band sunlight illumination of different angles received by the ground object; (4) the imaging simulation subsystem is used for simulating hyperspectral imaging in different imaging modes and different imaging angles; (5) and the integrated control subsystem is used for controlling the switches of the subsystems, adjusting the skylight illumination mode, the sunlight illumination angle, the imaging mode and the angle and realizing the acquisition of hyperspectral image data.
In the simulation process, the skylight simulation subsystem uses floodlight metal halide lamps to form a hemispherical lamp array, and uniformly illuminates the illuminated plane in the center of the lamp array from the hemispherical direction. The number of light sources on each layer of the lamp array is calculated according to a Modtran model, the spatial distribution of the sky light radiation brightness is set, and the number of light sources on each layer under each specific condition is used as an illumination mode. The number of light sources in the array is controlled by the integrated control subsystem to adjust the illumination pattern. The sunlight simulation subsystem uses a bunching metal halogen lamp matched with the sky illumination to form a disc lamp array to irradiate the irradiated plane in parallel. The plane of the arc-shaped track is vertical to the plane to be illuminated, and the lamp array moves circularly around the center of the plane to be illuminated on the arc-shaped slide rail so as to simulate different sun zenith angles. The scene is rotated in the illuminated plane to simulate different solar azimuths. The imaging simulation subsystem consists of an imaging pose adjusting platform and a hyperspectral imager. And the imaging pose adjusting platform adjusts the imaging zenith angle and azimuth angle and simulates hyperspectral imaging of 3 imaging modes such as sweep, push sweep, staring and the like. The scene simulation subsystem is composed of a simulation scene. The 3D scaling sand table made of the same material as the ground in the outdoor remote sensing imaging area is used for simulating the visible-short wave infrared band spectrum, the directional reflection characteristic and the spatial distribution of the ground objects. The integrated control subsystem is connected with a controller of the skylight simulation subsystem and a controller of the sunlight simulation subsystem through control lines, and an imaging pose adjusting platform of the imaging simulation subsystem and an electromechanical control box of a sunlight illumination direction adjusting mechanism of the sunlight simulation subsystem. The integrated control subsystem programs and controls switches of the subsystems, and adjusts the lighting mode, the sun lighting angle and the imaging posture of the skylight simulation subsystem. The integrated control subsystem is connected with the imaging simulation subsystem hyperspectral imager by using a control line and a data line to control data acquisition.
By utilizing a hyperspectral remote sensing indoor imaging simulation device or a similar structure device, the hyperspectral remote sensing indoor imaging simulation method is carried out according to the steps shown in figure 5: (1) starting an integrated control subsystem; (2) starting a skylight simulation subsystem by using the integrated control subsystem, and setting a lighting mode of the skylight simulation subsystem according to a solar lighting angle and weather conditions to be simulated; (3) starting a sunlight simulation subsystem by using the integrated control subsystem, and adjusting a solar zenith angle and a solar azimuth angle according to a solar illumination angle to be simulated; (4) starting an imaging simulation subsystem by using an integrated control subsystem, selecting one of 3 types of swinging, pushing and staring hyperspectral imagers according to an imaging mode and an angle to be simulated, and adjusting the position and the angle of the hyperspectral imager relative to a scene simulation subsystem; (5) and according to the imaging mode and the angle to be simulated, controlling the hyperspectral imager to acquire hyperspectral image data by using the integrated control subsystem in the motion process or in the static process of the hyperspectral imager relative to the scene simulation subsystem.
Has the advantages that:
according to the hyperspectral remote sensing indoor imaging simulation device and the corresponding simulation method, hyperspectral imaging of different modes is performed on a simulated earth surface scene under simulated skylight and sunlight illumination, and the problem that the existing indoor optical imaging simulation system cannot realize hyperspectral imaging simulation of 0.4-2.5 mu m can be solved:
(1) the skylight simulation subsystem and the sunlight simulation subsystem respectively adopt metal halide lamps as light sources, so that the difference between the light source spectral characteristic and the field real illumination spectral characteristic is greatly reduced, and the problem that the indoor illumination spectral characteristic is inconsistent with the field is solved;
(2) the skylight simulation subsystem illuminates an illuminated plane by using a hemispherical lamp array, simulates skylight spatial distribution under different sun angles and weather conditions by adjusting the number of turned-on layers of light sources, illuminates the illuminated plane in parallel by using a circular lamp array, the illumination is matched with the illumination of simulated skylight, the illuminated plane receives simulated skylight and simulated sunlight and simultaneously illuminates, and the problem that the indoor illumination spatial distribution is inconsistent in the field is solved;
(3) the scene simulation subsystem adopts a sample to be simulated and imaged and collected in the field to make a 3D scaling sand table simulation scene, so that the problem that the spectrum and the directional reflection characteristics of the simulation scene are greatly different from those of a real target is solved; particularly, the invention creatively uses real living plants as a part of a scene simulation subsystem, and can obtain the spectral and directional reflection characteristics of vegetation which are very close to the real vegetation;
(4) the imaging simulation subsystem adopts the hyperspectral imager to image a simulation scene in different modes, and solves the problem that imaging simulation of the hyperspectral imager is lacked in the traditional experiment.
All the subsystems of the simulation device are optimized relative to the prior art, skylight, sunlight, ground objects and an imager which are closer to real simulated sky light, sunlight, ground objects and the imager are realized, and then a complete simulation device and a method which can not be split are formed by joint simulation and ring-and-ring buckling of all the subsystems, so that the remote sensing imaging simulation of the whole process and the whole link is finally realized, and the spectrum, the directional characteristic and the spatial distribution of the ground objects in the real illumination environment are accurately simulated.
(IV) description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure diagram of an indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device.
Fig. 2 is a top view and a side view of a skylight array of a skylight simulation subsystem.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a solar light simulation subsystem and imaging simulation subsystem frame.
Fig. 4 is a three-view diagram of the imaging simulation subsystem structure.
FIG. 5 is a technical flow of an indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation method.
Description of picture number: 1-a skylight simulation lamp array opening and closing frame, 2-a skylight simulation lamp array fixing frame, 3-a skylight simulation lamp array light source, 4-a skylight simulation lamp array caster, 5-a solar simulation lamp array, 6-a solar simulation lamp array light source adjusting seat, 7-a solar simulation lamp array light source ballast and a controller, 8-a solar simulation subsystem arc guide rail, 9-a solar simulation lamp array traction guide wheel, 10-a solar simulation subsystem traction mechanism, 11-a solar simulation subsystem outer frame, 12-an imaging attitude platform base, 13-an imaging simulation subsystem azimuth angle adjusting platform, 14-an imaging attitude platform connecting rod, 15-an imaging simulation subsystem zenith angle adjusting platform, 16-an imaging spectrometer adapter plate, 17-a hyperspectral imager and 18-a darkroom, 19-sky light simulation subsystem, 20-sunlight simulation subsystem, 21-imaging simulation subsystem, 22-scene simulation subsystem and 23-integrated control subsystem.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention structurally refers to FIG. 1, which mainly comprises 5 parts, namely an ① scene simulation subsystem for simulating a ground feature visible-short wave infrared band spectrum, a directional reflection characteristic and spatial distribution, a ② skylight simulation subsystem for simulating visible-short wave infrared band skylight illumination of different modes received by a ground feature, a ③ sunlight simulation subsystem for simulating visible-short wave infrared band sunlight illumination of different angles received by the ground feature, a ④ imaging simulation subsystem for simulating hyperspectral imaging of different imaging modes and different imaging angles, and a ⑤ integrated control subsystem for controlling the switches of the subsystems, adjusting the skylight illumination mode, the sunlight illumination angle, the imaging mode and the angle and realizing hyperspectral image data acquisition.
The specific structures of the sky light simulation subsystem, the sun simulation subsystem and the imaging simulation subsystem are shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4. The outer frame of the skylight array of the skylight simulation subsystem consists of a semi-arc-shaped fixed frame 2 and a semi-arc-shaped opening and closing frame 1. When a person enters and exits, the two parts are tightly fixed by using the bolt structures, and the opening and closing frame 1 can be loosened and opened when the person enters and exits. The lamp array adopts floodlight metal halide lamps, is fixed on the lamp array through a universal joint and is connected with a ballast to form a single light source 3. In order to conveniently adjust the position, the bottom of the frame is provided with a self-locking bearing caster 4. The center of the hemispherical distributed array of lamps, i.e., the center of the second layer from the bottom of the front view in fig. 2, is the center of the plane to be illuminated. The solar simulation subsystem is composed of solar simulation lamp arrays 5, 6 and 7 of a main body, traction mechanisms and matched structures 8, 9 and 10 and an outer frame 11. The center of the arc-shaped guide rail 8 is superposed with the center of the illuminated plane, and the plane where the arc is positioned is vertical to the illuminated plane. The arc-shaped guide rail 8, the traction mechanism 10 and the traction guide wheel 9 are fixed on an outer frame 11, and a steel cable connected with the solar simulation lamp array 5 is connected to the traction mechanism 10 after passing through the traction guide wheel 9. When the zenith angle of the sun is adjusted, the sun simulation lamp array 5 is dragged by the traction mechanism through the steel cable to slide along the arc-shaped guide rail 8 and do circular motion around the center of the illuminated plane. And when the sun azimuth angle is adjusted, the orientation of the simulated scene is adjusted by the sun azimuth angle rotary table. The light source on the solar simulation lamp array 5 is a bunching metal halide lamp. The light source is finely adjusted in posture through the fixable two-degree-of-freedom adjusting seat 6, so that the lamp array is ensured to have high illumination uniformity. The light source is connected with a ballast 7 on the back of the lamp array adjusting seat, and then the ballast is connected with the light source controller. The imaging simulation subsystem is installed at the central position of the top of the outer frame 11 of the sunlight simulation subsystem by the imaging attitude platform base 12, as shown in fig. 1. An azimuth angle adjusting platform 13 on the base is connected with a zenith angle adjusting platform 15 through a connecting rod 14, and an adapter disc 16 through which the zenith angle adjusting platform passes is connected with an imaging spectrometer 17. In the attitude of the imaging zenith angle of 0 degree, the optical axis of the imaging spectrometer is vertically downwards aligned with the center of the illuminated plane.
The integrated control subsystem adopts a 485 bus to connect the skylight simulation subsystem and the light source switch controller of the sunlight simulation subsystem, and programs and controls the switches of the two subsystems and the lighting mode of the skylight simulation subsystem. The integrated control subsystem is respectively connected with the imaging attitude platform of the imaging simulation subsystem and the control box of the horizontal adjusting platform of the scene simulation subsystem through control lines, and the imaging attitude and the simulated scene position are adjusted in a programming mode. The integrated control subsystem controls the imaging spectrometer through a data line and a control line and realizes data acquisition on the industrial personal computer.
According to the technical process of the indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation method shown in FIG. 5, the actual operation process of imaging simulation by using the device is as follows:
(1) setting a switching mode of a light source of the skylight simulation subsystem according to an atmospheric model, an aerosol model and a solar altitude angle to be simulated, wherein the switching mode is obtained by calculating sky light radiation brightness spatial distribution statistics under different atmospheric models, aerosol models and solar altitude angles by Modtran; (2) starting a light source corresponding to the skylight simulation lamp array on an interface of the integrated control subsystem according to a switch mode;
(3) adjusting the solar zenith angle of the solar simulator, starting a solar simulation lamp array on an interface of the integrated control subsystem, and adjusting the orientation of a simulation scene by using a solar azimuth turntable according to a simulation solar azimuth angle;
(4) and adjusting the center of the horizontal adjusting platform of the scene simulation subsystem to the center of the illuminated plane by using the integrated control subsystem.
(5) And imaging the simulated scene according to the simulated imaging azimuth angle and the imaging zenith angle or the imaging mode. In the imaging process, the imaging attitude of the hyperspectral imager is adjusted by the integrated control subsystem through the imaging attitude platform, and the scene position is adjusted correspondingly through the horizontal adjusting platform of the scene simulation subsystem. And simultaneously controlling the spectrometer to collect hyperspectral images according to imaging requirements.
Claims (6)
1. An indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device is characterized by comprising a scene simulation subsystem, a skylight simulation subsystem, a sunlight simulation subsystem, an imaging simulation subsystem and an integrated control subsystem;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) the scene simulation subsystem is made of the same material as the ground in the outdoor remote sensing imaging area to be simulated; if plants exist in the imaging area needing simulation, real and living plants are arranged at corresponding positions in the scene simulation subsystem; if the imaging area needing simulation has rocks or soil, arranging real rocks or soil at the corresponding position in the scene simulation subsystem; if a water body exists in the imaging area needing simulation, arranging a real water body at a corresponding position in the scene simulation subsystem; if the imaging area needing to be simulated is provided with artificial materials, arranging real artificial materials at corresponding positions in the scene simulation subsystem; the 3D scaling sand table made of the same material as the ground in the outdoor remote sensing imaging area is used for simulating the visible-short wave infrared band spectrum, the directional reflection characteristic and the spatial distribution of the ground object;
(2) the skylight simulation subsystem adopts a hemispherical metal halide lamp array to uniformly illuminate the scene simulation subsystem positioned in the hemispherical central area in multiple modes, and is used for simulating visible-short wave infrared band skylight illumination of different modes received by ground objects;
(3) the sunlight simulation subsystem consists of a disc-shaped metal halide lamp array and a sunlight angle adjusting platform, uniformly illuminates the scene simulation subsystem, and is used for simulating visible-short wave infrared band sunlight illumination of different angles received by ground objects;
(4) the imaging simulation subsystem consists of a hyperspectral imager and an imaging pose adjusting platform and is used for simulating hyperspectral imaging in different imaging modes and different imaging angles;
(5) and the integrated control subsystem is used for controlling the switches of the subsystems, adjusting the skylight illumination mode, the sunlight illumination angle, the imaging mode and the angle and realizing the acquisition of hyperspectral image data.
Under the control of the integrated control subsystem, the skylight simulation subsystem and the sunlight simulation subsystem simultaneously irradiate the scene simulation subsystem, the imaging simulation subsystem observes the scene simulation subsystem, high-spectrum image data is generated, and the whole process of field high-spectrum remote sensing imaging and the spectrum and space characteristics in the data are accurately simulated.
2. The indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that different illumination modes of the skylight simulation subsystem are realized by different on/off state combinations of all lamps in the hemispherical metal halide lamp array, and correspond to the sky light radiation brightness spatial distribution under different solar illumination angles and weather conditions calculated by the MODTRAN radiation transmission model.
3. The indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that a sunlight angle adjusting platform in the sunlight simulation subsystem comprises a vertical arc-shaped slide rail and a horizontal turntable, the vertical arc-shaped slide rail is installed and fixed on the ground, and a disc-shaped metal halide lamp array moves on the vertical arc-shaped slide rail by taking the scene simulation subsystem as a circle center so as to simulate different solar zenith angles; the scene simulation subsystem is mounted on a horizontal turntable and rotates 360 ° about its central axis to simulate different solar azimuths.
4. The indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hyperspectral imager in the imaging simulation subsystem selects one of 3 imaging modes of sweep, push sweep and staring, and the imaging pose adjusting platform adjusts the position and angle of the hyperspectral imager relative to the scene simulation subsystem so as to simulate hyperspectral imaging under different imaging modes and different angles.
5. The indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the integrated control subsystem is respectively connected with the skylight simulation subsystem, the sunlight simulation subsystem and the imaging simulation subsystem through a control line and a data line, switches of the subsystems are controlled through software, a skylight illumination mode, a sunlight illumination angle, an imaging mode and an angle are adjusted, and hyperspectral image data acquisition is realized.
6. An indoor hyperspectral remote sensing imaging simulation method adopting the device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) starting an integrated control subsystem;
(2) starting a skylight simulation subsystem by using the integrated control subsystem, and setting a lighting mode of the skylight simulation subsystem according to a solar lighting angle and weather conditions to be simulated;
(3) starting a sunlight simulation subsystem by using the integrated control subsystem, and adjusting a solar zenith angle and a solar azimuth angle according to a solar illumination angle to be simulated;
(4) starting an imaging simulation subsystem by using an integrated control subsystem, selecting one of 3 types of swinging, pushing and staring hyperspectral imagers according to an imaging mode and an angle to be simulated, and adjusting the position and the angle of the hyperspectral imager relative to a scene simulation subsystem;
(5) and according to the imaging mode and the angle to be simulated, controlling the hyperspectral imager to acquire hyperspectral image data by using the integrated control subsystem in the motion process or in the static process of the hyperspectral imager relative to the scene simulation subsystem.
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| CN114088359A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-02-25 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | Testing method for imaging performance of space camera and ground comprehensive simulation testing system |
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