CN110685735A - Gas pumping and exhausting directional drilling tool and drilling method - Google Patents
Gas pumping and exhausting directional drilling tool and drilling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110685735A CN110685735A CN201911161525.2A CN201911161525A CN110685735A CN 110685735 A CN110685735 A CN 110685735A CN 201911161525 A CN201911161525 A CN 201911161525A CN 110685735 A CN110685735 A CN 110685735A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/08—Screens or liners
- E21B43/086—Screens with preformed openings, e.g. slotted liners
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas pumping directional drilling tool, which comprises a hollow drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the hollow drill rod is backwards connected with a high-pressure gas circuit, the front end of the hollow drill rod is connected with a pneumatic motor, and an output shaft of the pneumatic motor is forwards connected with the drill bit; more than three front air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged at the hollow drill rod behind the pneumatic motor along the circumferential direction, each front air pressure jack is respectively connected with a high-pressure air path, and a front electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding front air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the connection part of each front air pressure jack and the high-pressure air path; the jacking direction of each front pneumatic jack is vertical to the axis of the hollow drill rod; the high-pressure gas circuit extends to a high-pressure gas source outside the drill hole backwards. The invention also discloses a corresponding drilling method. The invention realizes self-propelled drilling, and the pipe is arranged while the drilling is carried out, so as to support and support the drilled hole in time, and the operation of independently inserting the gas extraction pipe after the drilling is not needed, so that the whole drilling process is safer, time-saving and efficient, the operation difficulty is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine gas extraction.
Background
Coal mine gas disasters are the first killers of coal mine safety production, coal and gas outburst accidents, gas explosion accidents, gas combustion accidents and gas suffocation accidents seriously threaten the life safety of coal mine workers and the property of coal mine enterprises, particularly the coal and gas outburst accidents and the gas explosion accidents often cause serious casualties, bring about serious property loss to the coal mine enterprises, and have serious damage to mines, extremely bad properties and extremely wide social influence. Therefore, the method is of great importance for ensuring safe and efficient production of coal mine enterprises and controlling good gas.
Although a reliable ventilation system cannot be used for preventing and controlling gas disasters, the gas problem cannot be solved by a ventilation mode or is unreasonable in economy due to the fact that the gas problem is solved by the ventilation mode, and the gas problem must be solved by adopting gas extraction. And through gas extraction, the gas content in the coal bed is reduced, and gas disasters are fundamentally managed and prevented.
Meanwhile, coal mine gas (methane in a narrow sense) is a clean energy source. If the development and utilization are carried out, the method is a considerable amount of money. Therefore, the gas extraction can change the harm into the treasure, prolong the industrial chain of coal mine enterprises and serve the society.
At present, a drilling machine for a coal mine gas extraction channel at home and abroad mainly has the following problems:
the drill bit can not directionally drill, the drill rod has different amplitudes of disturbance under the action of gravity, the drill rod is more remarkable along with the increase of the hole depth, and the drill hole deflects more obviously when meeting a slightly complex geological condition. In China, coal seam gas extraction drill holes are designed to be arranged in straight holes, but the actual construction drill holes all have certain deflection, so that the coal seam drill holes cannot be uniformly arranged, even the intervals of some drill holes are too large, blank areas or blank zones of gas extraction are formed, and an ideal extraction effect cannot be achieved. The gas content in the blank zone can not be reduced, the gas outburst danger is eliminated, and gas disaster accidents are easy to cause in the coal mine production.
And secondly, the gas extraction channel is blocked due to easy hole collapse in the process of drilling the hole and retreating the rod. In the traditional mode, the gas extraction channel cannot be supported in time in the whole drilling process.
The current methods at home and abroad are approximately the same and the problems can not be solved well. The common method is that a drilling machine is used for drilling, a hole is drilled, a retreating rod is drilled, and then the gas extraction pipe is put down. The simple conclusion of the method is that the straight and straight can be made without deep beating, and the deep and straight beating can be made without direct beating.
And thirdly, the position of the drill bit is judged to have hysteresis, namely the position and the state of the drilling machine cannot be known accurately in time. In the drilling process of the drill bit, when the drilling machine drills into a deep position, workers judge whether the drilling machine drives a foreign matter or other areas by observing discharged drill cuttings, and the drilling machine possibly passes through the area due to the fact that the length of the channel is too long, and then the issuing of instructions is not meaningful. Therefore, a drilling machine for researching the technologies of drill bit orientation, timely supporting drilling, smooth slag discharge and the like is in the stage of being in the future. The problems are solved, and the method has important significance for ensuring construction according to design, effectively solving the technical bottleneck of borehole deviation, ensuring the extraction effect, preventing gas disaster accidents and realizing safe production.
The traditional gas extraction mode can not well solve the problems existing in the gas extraction drilling process, such as: the drilling machine is unfixed in advancing direction when drilling, when drilling or after drilling, the gas extraction channel collapses, the gas is difficult to pump and discharge in the traditional mode, time and labor are wasted, the pumping and discharging quality is not high, the efficiency is low, and the like, so that the novel gas pumping and discharging drilling machine capable of effectively solving the current problems has important significance for the safe production of coal mines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas pumping and exhausting directional drilling tool aiming at the defects of the prior art, which can carry out pneumatic correction on the drilling direction and reduce the hole collapse probability.
In order to solve the technical problem, the gas pumping directional drilling tool comprises a hollow drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the drilling direction is taken as the forward direction, the hollow drill rod is connected with a high-pressure gas circuit backwards, the front end of the hollow drill rod is connected with a pneumatic motor, and an output shaft of the pneumatic motor is connected with the drill bit forwards;
more than three front air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged at the hollow drill rod behind the pneumatic motor along the circumferential direction, each front air pressure jack is respectively connected with a high-pressure air path, and a front electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding front air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the connection part of each front air pressure jack and the high-pressure air path; the jacking direction of each front pneumatic jack is vertical to the axis of the hollow drill rod; the high-pressure gas circuit extends to a high-pressure gas source outside the drill hole backwards.
The hollow drill rod is sleeved with a coaxial middle sleeve, and the inner wall of the middle sleeve is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hollow drill rod through a connecting rod; the middle sleeve is positioned behind the pneumatic motor, and each front air pressure top is arranged on each middle sleeve along the circumferential direction of the middle sleeve and communicated with each middle sleeve; the front end of the middle sleeve is closed, and the rear end of the middle sleeve is connected with a high-pressure inner pipe for introducing high-pressure gas;
the middle sleeve is sleeved with a coaxial outer sleeve which is positioned behind the front air pressure jacks; a piston is arranged in the middle of the middle sleeve in a protruding mode in the radial direction and is in sliding sealing fit with the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the outer sleeve is connected with a high-pressure outer pipe used for introducing high-pressure gas backwards; the rear end of the high-pressure inner pipe is open, the high-pressure inner pipe is inserted into the high-pressure outer pipe backwards, the outer diameter of the high-pressure inner pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressure outer pipe, and the high-pressure inner pipe is in sliding fit with the high-pressure outer pipe;
the front side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with the outer wall of the middle sleeve; an annular cavity is formed between the middle sleeve and the outer sleeve, the annular cavity in front of the piston is a front annular cavity, and the annular cavity behind the piston is a rear annular cavity; the front end part of the outer sleeve is provided with a drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve used for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole, and the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve is communicated with the front annular cavity; the rear end part of the outer sleeve is provided with an outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve used for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole, and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve is communicated with the rear annular cavity; a through hole for communicating the front annular cavity is formed in the middle sleeve at the rear end of the front annular cavity;
the high-pressure gas circuit comprises a high-pressure outer pipe, a high-pressure inner pipe, an intermediate sleeve and a hollow drill rod; the high-pressure outer pipe is communicated with the high-pressure inner pipe and the outer sleeve, and the high-pressure inner pipe is communicated with the middle sleeve;
the front end part of the outer sleeve is uniformly provided with more than three middle-air pressure jacks along the circumferential direction, each middle-air pressure jack is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve, a middle electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding middle-air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the joint of each middle-air pressure jack and the outer sleeve, and the jacking direction of each middle-air pressure jack is perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve;
more than three rear air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged at the rear end part of the outer sleeve along the circumferential direction, each rear air pressure jack is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve, a rear electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding rear air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the joint of each rear air pressure jack and the outer sleeve, and the jacking direction of each rear air pressure jack is perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve.
The outer sleeve is connected with a sieve tube used for supporting a drill hole and extracting gas backwards, and the sieve tube extends backwards to the outside of the drill hole and is used for being connected with gas extraction equipment.
The front end of the sieve tube is provided with an inclinometer, and connecting circuits of the inclinometer, the front electromagnetic valves, the middle electromagnetic valves, the rear electromagnetic valves, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valves and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valves extend backwards to the outside of the drill hole through a high-pressure air path and are connected with an electric control device arranged outside the drill hole.
The invention also discloses a drilling method using the gas pumping directional drilling tool, wherein a drill bit is driven to rotate by a pneumatic motor during drilling, and the drilling method comprises the following steps:
four front air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the hollow drill rod and respectively comprise a front upper air pressure jack, a front lower air pressure jack, a front left air pressure jack and a front right air pressure jack;
starting a front lower air pressure jack when turning upwards, starting a front upper air pressure jack when turning downwards, starting a front right air pressure jack when turning towards the left, and starting a front left air pressure jack when turning towards the right; and starting one air pressure jack or two air pressure jacks at the position opposite to the actual steering direction according to the actual steering direction.
The method also comprises the advancing operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the middle sleeve, and the advancing operation of the outer sleeve and the sieve tube; in the initial state, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve are both in a closed state;
the advancing operation of the drill bit and the hollow drill rod and the intermediate casing is as follows:
firstly, fixing the outer sleeve, opening each middle electromagnetic valve and each rear electromagnetic valve to enable each middle air pressure top and each rear air pressure top on the outer wall of the outer sleeve to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, and fixing the outer sleeve in the drilled hole;
secondly, forward operation is carried out, the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit is in an open state, the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is in a closed state, pressure is relieved from the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit to the inside of the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity is lower than that in the rear annular cavity, and the piston drives the middle sleeve, the hollow drill rod and the drill bit to move forward under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity and the rear annular cavity;
after the drill bit advances, closing each middle electromagnetic valve and each rear electromagnetic valve so as to release the fixation of the outer sleeve; after the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the middle sleeve advance, the outer sleeve and the sieve tube advance;
the advancing operation of the outer sleeve and the screen pipe is as follows:
firstly, fixing a middle sleeve, opening each front electromagnetic valve, enabling each front air pressure top on the outer wall of the middle sleeve to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, and fixing the middle sleeve in the drilled hole;
secondly, forward operation is carried out, the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is in an open state, the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit is in a closed state, pressure of the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is relieved towards the inside of the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity is higher than that in the rear annular cavity, and the outer sleeve moves forwards under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity and the rear annular cavity;
after the outer sleeve advances, closing each front electromagnetic valve, thereby releasing the fixation of the middle sleeve;
finally, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve are both in a closed state, and the initial state is recovered;
and circularly performing the advancing operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the intermediate casing and the advancing operation of the outer casing and the screen pipe until the drilling operation is completely finished.
The hole opening of the drill hole is positioned on the side wall of one roadway; when the next roadway is arranged in front of the drill, the drill hole is extended to the next roadway, and the drill bit and the drill rod are taken out from the next roadway to finish the drilling;
when the drilling front is the end section of coal mining operation and no next roadway exists, the gas pumping directional drilling tool is controlled to perform steering operation in the drilling process, so that the drilled hole extends to the other part of the side wall of the same roadway along the arc-shaped track, and the drill bit and the drill rod are taken out from the tail end opening of the drilled hole in the same roadway to finish drilling.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, high-pressure gas transmitted forwards by the hollow drill rod is used as a power source, and the drill bit is driven to rotate by the pneumatic motor, so that the hollow drill rod does not need to rotate in the drilling process, the vibration caused in a coal bed in the drilling process is reduced, and the hole collapse probability is further reduced.
When the drilling direction deviates from the preset direction, the invention can control each front pneumatic jack to be in a jack-up state or a retraction state by respectively controlling the opening and closing of each front electromagnetic valve, thereby applying forces in different directions to the front part of the hollow drill rod in the direction vertical to the axis of the hollow drill rod, and further enabling the front end of the hollow drill rod and the drill bit to return to the preset direction (or actively adjusting the direction of the hollow drill rod). In conclusion, the invention can adjust the orientation of the drill bit by applying a force perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drill rod to the front part of the hollow drill rod during the drilling process, correct the drilling direction during the drilling process or actively adjust the drilling direction, so that the invention has the function of directional drilling.
The drill rod does not need to extend backwards to the outside of the drill hole, the middle sleeve, the outer sleeve, the middle air pressure top, the rear air pressure top, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve are arranged, the drill bit (and the hollow drill rod) and the outer sleeve can alternately advance by alternatively opening the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve or the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve, and high-pressure gas is used as advancing power when the drill rod advances, so that the drill rod is stably pushed forwards to drill.
The sieve tube is connected to the rear end of the outer sleeve, and after the drill bit is pushed forward, the sieve tube can immediately support the drilled hole, so that the hole collapse phenomenon is prevented. After drilling, a gas extraction pipe does not need to be inserted into the drill hole, gas released from coal around the drill hole can be directly extracted through the sieve pipe, hole collapse is prevented, an independent pipe inserting step is omitted, and the method has obvious popularization and application values.
The drilling track and the direction state can be known in real time through the inclinometer, and then necessary adjustment can be made in the drilling process in time.
The drilling method of the invention flexibly and conveniently realizes the alternate advance of the drill bit and the outer sleeve and realizes the steering operation in the drilling process.
In a word, the gas pumping and discharging directional drilling tool realizes self-propelled drilling, the pipe is discharged while the drilling is carried out, the drill hole is supported and protected in time, and the operation of independently inserting the gas pumping and discharging pipe after the drill hole is not needed, so that the whole drilling process is safer, time-saving and efficient, the operation difficulty is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention prior to advancement of the drill bit and hollow drill rod and intermediate casing; at the moment, the middle air pressure jack and the rear air pressure jack are used for preparing the drill bit to advance;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the drill bit;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the present invention after the drill bit and hollow drill rod and intermediate casing have been advanced; at the moment, the front air pressure jacks up the jack, and the outer sleeve is ready to advance;
fig. 6 is an electrical control schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the gas pumping directional drilling tool of the present invention comprises a hollow drill rod 1 and a drill bit 2, wherein the drilling direction is forward, the hollow drill rod 1 is backward connected with a high pressure gas circuit, the front end of the hollow drill rod 1 is connected with a pneumatic motor 3, and the output shaft of the pneumatic motor 3 is forward connected with the drill bit 2;
more than three (preferably four) front air pressure jacks 4 are uniformly arranged at the hollow drill rod behind the pneumatic motor 3 along the circumferential direction, each front air pressure jack 4 is respectively connected with a high-pressure air path, and a front electromagnetic valve 5 for controlling the working state of the corresponding front air pressure jack 4 is respectively arranged at the connection part of each front air pressure jack 4 and the high-pressure air path; the jacking direction of each front pneumatic jack 4 is vertical to the axis of the hollow drill rod 1; the high-pressure gas circuit extends to a high-pressure gas source outside the drill hole backwards.
The hollow drill rod 1 is preferably a telescopic drill rod, and the specific structure is not described in detail for the prior art. The solenoid valves are conventional in the art, and each of the front solenoid valve 5 and the following middle solenoid valve 6 and rear solenoid valve 7 are not shown in fig. 1 and 5. The high pressure gas source may be a gas pump, an air compressor, a high pressure gas tank, or a high pressure line leading downhole, as is conventional and not shown.
The hollow drill rod 1 is sleeved with a coaxial middle sleeve 8, and the inner wall of the middle sleeve 8 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hollow drill rod 1 through a connecting rod; the connecting rod is conventional and not shown. The middle sleeve 8 is positioned behind the pneumatic motor 3, each front air pressure jack 4 is arranged on each middle sleeve 8 along the circumferential direction of the middle sleeve 8 and communicated with each middle sleeve 8, and high-pressure air is obtained by each front air pressure jack 4 from the middle sleeve 8 through the front electromagnetic valve 5 to serve as a power source; the front end of the middle sleeve 8 is closed, and the rear end of the middle sleeve is connected with a high-pressure inner pipe 9 for introducing high-pressure gas; each front pneumatic jack 4 is connected with the hollow drill rod 1 through an intermediate casing 8.
The middle sleeve 8 is externally sleeved with a coaxial outer sleeve 10, and the outer sleeve 10 is positioned behind each front air pressure jack 4; a piston 11 is arranged in the middle of the middle sleeve 8 in a protruding mode in the radial direction, and the piston 11 is in sliding sealing fit with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 10; the outer sleeve 10 is connected with a high-pressure outer pipe 12 used for introducing high-pressure gas backwards; the rear end of the high-pressure inner pipe 9 is open, the high-pressure inner pipe 9 is inserted into the high-pressure outer pipe 12 backwards, and the outer diameter of the high-pressure inner pipe 9 is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressure outer pipe 12, so that a high-pressure gas channel leading to the outer sleeve is arranged between the high-pressure inner pipe and the high-pressure outer pipe; the high-pressure inner pipe 9 is in sliding fit with the high-pressure outer pipe 12, which means that the high-pressure inner pipe 9 can slide along the high-pressure outer pipe 12 and does not represent the sealing fit between the outer wall of the high-pressure inner pipe 9 and the high-pressure outer pipe 12;
the front side wall of the outer sleeve 10 is in sliding sealing fit with the outer wall of the middle sleeve 8; an annular cavity is formed between the middle sleeve 8 and the outer sleeve 10, the annular cavity in front of the piston 11 is a front annular cavity 13, and the annular cavity behind the piston 11 is a rear annular cavity 14; a drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve 15 (preferably a normally open electromagnetic valve) for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole is arranged at the front end part of the outer sleeve 10, and the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve 15 is communicated with the front annular cavity 13; the rear end part of the outer sleeve 10 is provided with an outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve 16 (preferably a normally closed electromagnetic valve) for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole, and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve 16 is communicated with the rear annular cavity 14; the middle sleeve 8 at the rear end of the front annular cavity 13 is provided with a through hole for communicating the front annular cavity 13;
the high-pressure gas circuit comprises a high-pressure outer pipe 12, a high-pressure inner pipe 9, an intermediate sleeve 8 and a hollow drill rod 1; the high-pressure outer pipe 12 is communicated with the high-pressure inner pipe 9 and the outer sleeve 10, the high-pressure inner pipe 9 is communicated with the middle sleeve 8, and the middle sleeve 8 is communicated with the hollow drill rod 1 and each front pneumatic jack 4;
the front end part of the outer sleeve 10 is uniformly provided with more than three (preferably four) middle air pressure jacks 17 along the circumferential direction, each middle air pressure jack 17 is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve 10, the connecting part of each middle air pressure jack 17 and the outer sleeve 10 is respectively provided with a middle electromagnetic valve 6 for controlling the working state of the corresponding middle air pressure jack 17, and the jacking direction of each middle air pressure jack 17 is vertical to the axis of the outer sleeve 10;
the rear end part of the outer sleeve 10 is uniformly provided with more than three (preferably four) rear air pressure jacks 18 along the circumferential direction, each rear air pressure jack 18 is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve 10, the connecting part of each rear air pressure jack 18 and the outer sleeve 10 is respectively provided with a rear electromagnetic valve 7 for controlling the working state of the corresponding rear air pressure jack 18, and the jacking direction of each rear air pressure jack 18 is perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve 10.
The outer sleeve 10 is connected with a screen pipe 19 for supporting the drill hole and extracting gas backwards, and the screen pipe 19 extends backwards to the outside of the drill hole and is used for connecting gas extraction equipment, such as a negative pressure fan and a corresponding pipeline.
The front end of the sieve tube 19 is provided with an inclinometer 20, and the connecting lines of the inclinometer 20, each front electromagnetic valve 5, each middle electromagnetic valve 6, each rear electromagnetic valve 7, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve 15 and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve 16 extend backwards to the outside of the drilled hole through a high-pressure air path and are connected with an electric control device 21 arranged outside the drilled hole. The electronic control device 21 is an integrated circuit or a single chip or a PC, and has input devices (e.g., keys), preferably connected to a display 22 and a keyboard 23.
The invention also discloses a drilling method using the gas pumping directional drilling tool, wherein a drill bit 2 is driven by a pneumatic motor 3 to rotate during drilling, and the drilling method comprises the following steps:
four front air pressure jacks 4 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the hollow drill rod 1 and respectively comprise a front upper air pressure jack, a front lower air pressure jack, a front left air pressure jack and a front right air pressure jack;
starting a front lower air pressure jack when turning upwards, starting a front upper air pressure jack when turning downwards, starting a front right air pressure jack when turning towards the left, and starting a front left air pressure jack when turning towards the right; and starting one air pressure jack or two air pressure jacks at the positions opposite to the actual steering direction according to the actual steering direction (for example, starting a front right air pressure jack and a front lower air pressure jack when steering towards the left upper direction). The action amplitude (ejection amount) of the air pressure jack is controlled, so that the steering direction is accurately controlled.
The method also comprises the advancing operation of the drill bit 2, the hollow drill rod 1 and the intermediate casing 8, and the advancing operation of the outer casing 10 and the screen pipe 19; in the initial state, both the drill advancing solenoid valve 15 and the outer sleeve advancing solenoid valve 16 are in the closed state;
the advancing operation of the drill bit 2 and the hollow drill rod 1 and the intermediate casing 8 is:
firstly, fixing the outer sleeve 10, opening each middle electromagnetic valve 6 and each rear electromagnetic valve 7, and enabling each middle air pressure top 17 and each rear air pressure top 18 on the outer wall of the outer sleeve 10 to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, so that the outer sleeve 10 is fixed in the drilled hole;
secondly, forward operation is carried out, the drill bit forward electromagnetic valve 15 is in an open state, the outer sleeve forward electromagnetic valve 16 is in a closed state, at the moment, the pressure of the drill bit forward electromagnetic valve 15 is relieved into the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity 13 is lower than that in the rear annular cavity 14, and under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity 14 and the rear annular cavity 14, the piston 11 drives the middle sleeve 8, the hollow drill rod 1 and the drill bit 2 to move forward;
after the drill bit 2 advances, closing each middle electromagnetic valve 6 and each rear electromagnetic valve 7, thereby releasing the fixation of the outer sleeve 10; after the forward operation of the drill bit 2, the hollow drill rod 1 and the intermediate casing 8, the forward operation of the outer casing 10 and the screen pipe 19 is carried out;
the advance operation of the outer casing 10 and the screen 19 is:
firstly, fixing a middle sleeve 8, opening each front electromagnetic valve 5, and enabling each front air pressure top 4 on the outer wall of the middle sleeve 8 to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, so that the middle sleeve 8 is fixed in the drilled hole;
secondly, forward operation is carried out, the outer sleeve forward electromagnetic valve 16 is in an open state, the drill bit forward electromagnetic valve 15 is in a closed state, the outer sleeve forward electromagnetic valve 16 is released into the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity 13 is higher than that in the rear annular cavity 14, and the outer sleeve 10 moves forward under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity 14 and the rear annular cavity 14;
after the outer sleeve 10 advances, closing each front electromagnetic valve 5, thereby releasing the fixation of the middle sleeve 8;
finally, the drill advancing solenoid valve 15 and the outer sleeve advancing solenoid valve 16 are both in a closed state, and the initial state is recovered;
the advancing operation of the drill bit 2 and the hollow drill rod 1 and the intermediate casing 8 and the advancing operation of the outer casing 10 and the screen pipe 19 are cyclically performed until the drilling work is completely completed.
The hole opening of the drill hole is positioned on the side wall of one roadway; when the next roadway is arranged in front of the drill, the drill hole is extended to the next roadway, and the drill bit 2 and the drill rod are taken out from the opening of the drill hole in the next roadway to finish the drilling;
when the drilling front is the end section of coal mining operation and no next roadway exists, the gas pumping directional drilling tool is controlled to perform steering operation in the drilling process, so that the drilled hole extends to the other part of the side wall of the same roadway along the arc-shaped track, and the drill bit 2 and the drill rod are taken out from the tail end opening of the drilled hole in the same roadway to finish drilling.
After drilling, the sieve tube 19 is left in the drill hole, so that the drill hole is supported, and the sieve tube can be directly used as a gas extraction pipe for gas extraction operation on the drill hole.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. Directional drilling tool of gas pump drainage, including hollow drill rod and drill bit to the direction of drilling is forward, its characterized in that: the hollow drill rod is connected with a high-pressure gas circuit backwards, the front end of the hollow drill rod is connected with a pneumatic motor, and an output shaft of the pneumatic motor is connected with the drill bit forwards;
more than three front air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged at the hollow drill rod behind the pneumatic motor along the circumferential direction, each front air pressure jack is respectively connected with a high-pressure air path, and a front electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding front air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the connection part of each front air pressure jack and the high-pressure air path; the jacking direction of each front pneumatic jack is vertical to the axis of the hollow drill rod; the high-pressure gas circuit extends to a high-pressure gas source outside the drill hole backwards.
2. The gas pumping directional drilling tool as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the hollow drill rod is sleeved with a coaxial middle sleeve, and the inner wall of the middle sleeve is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hollow drill rod through a connecting rod; the middle sleeve is positioned behind the pneumatic motor, and each front air pressure top is arranged on each middle sleeve along the circumferential direction of the middle sleeve and communicated with each middle sleeve; the front end of the middle sleeve is closed, and the rear end of the middle sleeve is connected with a high-pressure inner pipe for introducing high-pressure gas;
the middle sleeve is sleeved with a coaxial outer sleeve which is positioned behind the front air pressure jacks; a piston is arranged in the middle of the middle sleeve in a protruding mode in the radial direction and is in sliding sealing fit with the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the outer sleeve is connected with a high-pressure outer pipe used for introducing high-pressure gas backwards; the rear end of the high-pressure inner pipe is open, the high-pressure inner pipe is inserted into the high-pressure outer pipe backwards, the outer diameter of the high-pressure inner pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressure outer pipe, and the high-pressure inner pipe is in sliding fit with the high-pressure outer pipe;
the front side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with the outer wall of the middle sleeve; an annular cavity is formed between the middle sleeve and the outer sleeve, the annular cavity in front of the piston is a front annular cavity, and the annular cavity behind the piston is a rear annular cavity; the front end part of the outer sleeve is provided with a drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve used for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole, and the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve is communicated with the front annular cavity; the rear end part of the outer sleeve is provided with an outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve used for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole, and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve is communicated with the rear annular cavity; a through hole for communicating the front annular cavity is formed in the middle sleeve at the rear end of the front annular cavity;
the high-pressure gas circuit comprises a high-pressure outer pipe, a high-pressure inner pipe, an intermediate sleeve and a hollow drill rod; the high-pressure outer pipe is communicated with the high-pressure inner pipe and the outer sleeve, and the high-pressure inner pipe is communicated with the middle sleeve;
the front end part of the outer sleeve is uniformly provided with more than three middle-air pressure jacks along the circumferential direction, each middle-air pressure jack is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve, a middle electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding middle-air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the joint of each middle-air pressure jack and the outer sleeve, and the jacking direction of each middle-air pressure jack is perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve;
more than three rear air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged at the rear end part of the outer sleeve along the circumferential direction, each rear air pressure jack is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve, a rear electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding rear air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the joint of each rear air pressure jack and the outer sleeve, and the jacking direction of each rear air pressure jack is perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve.
3. The gas drainage directional drilling tool of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the outer sleeve is connected with a sieve tube used for supporting a drill hole and extracting gas backwards, and the sieve tube extends backwards to the outside of the drill hole and is used for being connected with gas extraction equipment.
4. The gas pumping directional drilling tool as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the front end of the sieve tube is provided with an inclinometer, and connecting circuits of the inclinometer, the front electromagnetic valves, the middle electromagnetic valves, the rear electromagnetic valves, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valves and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valves extend backwards to the outside of the drill hole through a high-pressure air path and are connected with an electric control device arranged outside the drill hole.
5. A method of drilling a hole using the gas pumping directional drilling tool of claim 4, wherein: the drill bit is driven to rotate by a pneumatic motor during drilling, and the steering operation comprises the following steps:
four front air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the hollow drill rod and respectively comprise a front upper air pressure jack, a front lower air pressure jack, a front left air pressure jack and a front right air pressure jack;
starting a front lower air pressure jack when turning upwards, starting a front upper air pressure jack when turning downwards, starting a front right air pressure jack when turning towards the left, and starting a front left air pressure jack when turning towards the right; and starting one air pressure jack or two air pressure jacks at the position opposite to the actual steering direction according to the actual steering direction.
6. The drilling method according to claim 5, wherein: the method also comprises the advancing operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the middle sleeve, and the advancing operation of the outer sleeve and the sieve tube; in the initial state, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve are both in a closed state;
the advancing operation of the drill bit and the hollow drill rod and the intermediate casing is as follows:
firstly, fixing the outer sleeve, opening each middle electromagnetic valve and each rear electromagnetic valve to enable each middle air pressure top and each rear air pressure top on the outer wall of the outer sleeve to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, and fixing the outer sleeve in the drilled hole;
secondly, forward operation is carried out, the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit is in an open state, the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is in a closed state, pressure is relieved from the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit to the inside of the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity is lower than that in the rear annular cavity, and the piston drives the middle sleeve, the hollow drill rod and the drill bit to move forward under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity and the rear annular cavity;
after the drill bit advances, closing each middle electromagnetic valve and each rear electromagnetic valve so as to release the fixation of the outer sleeve; after the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the middle sleeve advance, the outer sleeve and the sieve tube advance;
the advancing operation of the outer sleeve and the screen pipe is as follows:
firstly, fixing a middle sleeve, opening each front electromagnetic valve, enabling each front air pressure top on the outer wall of the middle sleeve to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, and fixing the middle sleeve in the drilled hole;
secondly, forward operation is carried out, the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is in an open state, the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit is in a closed state, pressure of the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is relieved towards the inside of the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity is higher than that in the rear annular cavity, and the outer sleeve moves forwards under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity and the rear annular cavity;
after the outer sleeve advances, closing each front electromagnetic valve, thereby releasing the fixation of the middle sleeve;
finally, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve are both in a closed state, and the initial state is recovered;
and circularly performing the advancing operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the intermediate casing and the advancing operation of the outer casing and the screen pipe until the drilling operation is completely finished.
7. The drilling method according to claim 6, wherein: the hole opening of the drill hole is positioned on the side wall of one roadway; when the next roadway is arranged in front of the drill, the drill hole is extended to the next roadway, and the drill bit and the drill rod are taken out from the next roadway to finish the drilling;
when the drilling front is the end section of coal mining operation and no next roadway exists, the gas pumping directional drilling tool is controlled to perform steering operation in the drilling process, so that the drilled hole extends to the other part of the side wall of the same roadway along the arc-shaped track, and the drill bit and the drill rod are taken out from the tail end opening of the drilled hole in the same roadway to finish drilling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911161525.2A CN110685735A (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Gas pumping and exhausting directional drilling tool and drilling method |
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| CN201911161525.2A CN110685735A (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Gas pumping and exhausting directional drilling tool and drilling method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113236225A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Coal mine drilling deviation early warning sensor system and drilling deviation rectifying method |
| CN114837630A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-02 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground broken soft coal seam directional long drilling fast screening system and method |
-
2019
- 2019-11-25 CN CN201911161525.2A patent/CN110685735A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113236225A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Coal mine drilling deviation early warning sensor system and drilling deviation rectifying method |
| CN114837630A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-02 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground broken soft coal seam directional long drilling fast screening system and method |
| CN114837630B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-08-25 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Quick screen pipe feeding system and method for directional long drilling of underground crushed soft coal layer of coal mine |
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