CN110685683A - Top-releasing device and method for front-mixing type abrasive water jet flow directional cutting top plate - Google Patents
Top-releasing device and method for front-mixing type abrasive water jet flow directional cutting top plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110685683A CN110685683A CN201911031947.8A CN201911031947A CN110685683A CN 110685683 A CN110685683 A CN 110685683A CN 201911031947 A CN201911031947 A CN 201911031947A CN 110685683 A CN110685683 A CN 110685683A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
- E21C25/60—Slitting by jets of water or other liquid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal stopes and roadway surrounding rock control, and particularly discloses a top-down device and a method for directionally cutting a top plate by using a front-mixing type abrasive water jet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal stopes and roadway surrounding rock control, and particularly relates to a top-caving device and method for directionally cutting a top plate by using front-mixing abrasive water jet.
Background
The occurrence conditions of coal seams in China are complex, wherein the coal seams with hard top plates and difficult caving reach one third, the rock strength of the top plates is high, the thickness is large, the integrity is strong, the top plates are difficult to naturally collapse after the coal seams are mined, air leakage can be generated in a mined-out area, and the gas in the mined-out area can be brought to a working face by the sudden collapse of the top plates, so that the gas is over-limited, the strength of primary pressure can be increased, the working face can be damaged, and even roadway collapse can be caused.
The currently adopted coal seam roof cutting method mainly comprises the following steps: hydraulic cutting, blasting cutting, intensive drilling cutting, cutting by a cutting machine and the like, wherein the hydraulic cutting has the problems of overhigh use pressure, too shallow cutting and difficult field application; the blasting joint cutting has adverse effects on underground gas control work and surrounding rocks of a stope in the processes of charging and detonating, and has larger danger; although the effect of intensive drilling and joint cutting is obvious, the cost is too high, and the intensive drilling and joint cutting method is not easy to popularize and use on a large scale; the current situations that joint cutter equipment is heavy, is not easy to move, has shallow joint cutting depth, generates a large amount of dust to cause pollution and cannot effectively cut top plate surrounding rocks at the upper part of a roadway exist in joint cutter joint cutting.
The abrasive water jet can solve the problems that the water flow pressure used by high-pressure water jet slotting is too high and the slotting depth is too shallow, and the safety of the whole system is improved. The abrasive water jet flow can be further divided into a front mixing type abrasive water jet flow and a rear mixing type abrasive water jet flow, and compared with the rear mixing type abrasive water jet flow, the front mixing type abrasive water jet flow has the advantages that the water and the abrasive are fully and uniformly mixed, the energy obtained by the abrasive particles with long acceleration time is higher, the rock cutting effect is more prominent, and therefore the front mixing type abrasive water jet flow has a better effect under the same condition. The existing method for directionally cutting the top plate mainly comprises directional blasting and lancing, the method has great danger due to adverse effects on underground gas control work and stope surrounding rocks in the processes of charging and detonating, and a safer method for directionally cutting the top plate is not adopted at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a top-releasing device and a top-releasing method for directionally cutting a top plate by using a front-mixing type abrasive water jet, wherein the device can adopt a drilling hole which is constructed at an open cutting position by the front-mixing type high-pressure abrasive water jet pressurized by a slurry pump to adjust the direction of a slotting nozzle through a drill rod direction control device so as to realize directional slotting on the top plate and form a prefabricated directional crack, and after hole sealing, a directional hydraulic fracturing method is adopted to form a crack network on the top plate so as to control the top releasing, realize the top plate caving, weaken the primary pressure intensity of the old top and ensure the safety of a working face.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the top-down device comprises a water supply tank and an anchor stirrer arranged in the water supply tank, wherein a water pump is arranged at the top of the water supply tank, abrasive water in the water supply tank is pumped into a slurry pump through a water outlet pipeline by the water pump, a pressure gauge is arranged on the water outlet pipeline of the slurry pump, the outlet of the water outlet pipeline is communicated with a directional drill rod, a drill rod transmission device is arranged at the inlet end of the directional drill rod, a drill rod direction control device is arranged at the outlet end of the directional drill rod, and a slotting drill bit is arranged at the outlet of the directional drill rod.
Further, drilling rod transmission includes the support mound of parallel arrangement about two, and every support mound top and bottom respectively are equipped with a horizontal through hole, are equipped with the lead screw of two parallels about two between two support mounds, and the lead screw both ends are rotated through installing the support bearing in the through hole and being connected with the support mound, and every lead screw leftmost end all is rotatory through motor drive, and every support mound middle part still is equipped with a directional drilling rod mounting hole, and directional drilling rod passes directional drilling rod mounting hole, and drilling rod transmission still includes the driving plate that sets up perpendicularly with the lead screw, through the circular screw thread swing joint who locates the driving plate back between driving plate and the upper and lower lead screw, threaded connection between screw thread and the lead screw, driving plate back middle part still is equipped with the location hoop with directional drilling rod swing joint, still be equipped with the bolt on the location hoop.
Further, directional drilling rod comprises the drilling rod of multistage end to end, every section drilling rod both sides are equipped with a flank respectively, two flanks set up along drilling rod axial direction, every section drilling rod left side is equipped with a U type female joint, the drilling rod right side be equipped with one with female joint complex male joint, the inboard all is equipped with a draw-in groove about every female joint, all be equipped with an annular groove on every male joint, be equipped with the sealing washer in the annular groove, the annular groove left side is equipped with an annular arch, through annular arch on the male joint and the draw-in groove on the female joint between the adjacent drilling rod mutually block and seal.
Further, drilling rod direction control device includes the ring flange, ring flange middle part upper surface is equipped with circular carousel, and circular carousel bottom is equipped with T type boss, and the ring flange upper surface still is equipped with the annular groove, and T type boss is located the annular groove and drives circular carousel and be rotary motion along the annular groove, and circular carousel radially is equipped with two handles, and the line of two handles is 90 contained angles with circular carousel normal line contained angle, still is equipped with the bolt hole on the ring flange, and expansion bolts passes the bolt hole and with ring flange fixed mounting on the assigned position wall, all open the constant head tank on circular carousel and the ring flange, directional drilling rod gets into drilling from the constant head tank.
Furthermore, two slot nozzles are arranged at the end part of the slot drill bit along the radial direction, the two slot nozzles are arranged along the side wall of the slot drill bit in an axisymmetric mode, the connecting line of the two slot nozzles is vertical to the axial direction of the drill rod, the two nozzles are respectively arranged on the extension lines of two side wings of the directional drill rod, the slot nozzles are cone convergent nozzles, and the diameter of the throat parts of the nozzles is 3 mm.
A method for a top-placing device for directionally cutting a top plate by a front-mixing type abrasive water jet comprises the following steps:
1) after the wall surface open hole construction is completed and before the coal seam working surface is not mined, drilling a row of drill holes on a top plate behind a hydraulic support by using a drilling machine, wherein the included angle between the axial direction of the drill holes and the horizontal direction is 90 degrees, and the distance between adjacent drill holes is 10m until the drill hole stops drilling at the position of 1m of the overburden rock layer of the old top-wearing of the drill hole;
2) the method comprises the steps of using a top-placing device for directionally cutting a top plate based on abrasive water jet to perform directional slotting in a pre-drilled drill hole and cut an old top, enabling a plane formed by two slotting nozzles of a slotting drill bit and a directional drill rod connected with the slotting nozzles to be parallel to a working surface by adjusting a drill rod direction control device, enabling the drill rod to gradually retreat by adjusting a drill rod transmission device, symmetrically slotting towards two sides in a drill hole 16 in a retreating mode, and stopping slotting until the joint of a direct top and the old top moves upwards 1m along an axis;
3) after the slotting is finished, sealing the hole of the drilled hole after the directional slotting is finished by adopting a capsule hole sealing device, sealing the hole from the bottom of the hole along the axial direction within the range of 1m and from the junction of the direct roof and the old roof along the axial direction within the range of 1m upwards, wherein the sealing depth is at least 1 m;
4) after hole sealing is finished, high-pressure water is adopted for directional fracturing, and the purpose of weakening the top plate and controlling caving is achieved.
Further, the wall surface in the step 1) sequentially comprises a horizontal coal seam, a direct roof, an old roof and an overlying rock stratum from bottom to top.
Further, in the step 2), the pressure of the high-pressure abrasive water is 30MPa, the mass ratio of the abrasive to the water in the water tank is 13%, and the high-pressure abrasive water jet starts to slit from a position 1.5m away from the bottom of the hole along the axial direction of the drilling hole.
Further, in the step 4), a formula is calculated according to the self-weight stress of the rock mass:
degree of gravity
Buried depth of
The self-weight stress and the horizontal stress of the old jack can be calculated
Is stress of dead weight
According to a formula for calculating the fracture initiation pressure of the hydraulic fracturing of the rock stratum:
coefficient of lateral pressure，
The method comprises the steps of calculating old top fracture initiation pressure for the radius of a drill hole, using a high-pressure water pump for hydraulic fracturing, connecting a water inlet of the water pump with static pressure water, connecting a water outlet of the water pump with a high-pressure rubber pipe, connecting the other end of the high-pressure rubber pipe with a water injection pipe, connecting the high-pressure water pump with the water injection pipe without errors, then electrifying the high-pressure water pump for water injection, slowly pressurizing, recording readings of a water pump pressure gauge and a manual pump pressure gauge, continuously pressurizing until the water pressure is suddenly reduced when a prefabricated directional crack is cracked, continuously maintaining the pressure for water injection, maintaining the pressure for 0.5h, and continuously expanding the crack to enable the cracks of the hydraulic fracturing of adjacent drill.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the device adopts a stirrer to uniformly mix abrasive and water, and then pressurizes the mixture into high-pressure abrasive water flow through a slurry pump, then the high-pressure abrasive water flow passes through a directional drill rod and then passes through a drill rod transmission device to realize the movement of the drill rod in a drilled hole, the directions of the drill rod and a drill bit are adjusted through a drill rod direction control device to realize the directional cutting of a top plate by the front mixing type high-pressure abrasive water jet to form a prefabricated directional crack, then a capsule hole sealing device is adopted to seal the hole, then the directional hydraulic fracturing is carried out by high pressure water, and the cutting crack gaps in adjacent drilled holes are communicated through fracturing gaps to form a crack network, so that the aim;
2. the stable and continuous feeding of the slurry pump can be realized by adopting the water pump to convey the abrasive water to the slurry pump, and the stability of the formed premixed abrasive water jet is ensured, so that the good rock breaking effect is ensured;
3. the slurry pump is adopted to pressurize the mixed low-pressure abrasive water, and the high-pressure abrasive water pressurized by the slurry pump has the characteristics of high static pressure and low dynamic pressure, so that the high-pressure abrasive water with the characteristics can greatly reduce the abrasion to the pipeline;
4. compared with the back mixing type abrasive water jet, the front mixing type abrasive water jet has the advantages that the abrasive and water are fully and uniformly mixed, the acceleration time of abrasive particles is long, the obtained energy is high, the cutting effect on rocks is more prominent, and the working pressure can be greatly reduced;
5. compared with methods such as hydraulic slotting, blasting slitting, intensive drilling slitting, slitting by a slitting machine and the like, the method for directionally cutting the top plate by using the pre-mixed abrasive water jet has the advantages of deeper slitting effect, safety, high efficiency, easiness in operation and convenience in popularization;
6. the drill rod direction control device can control the direction of a cone convergent nozzle on a slotting drill bit through a directional drill rod, so that directional front-mixing high-pressure abrasive water jet slotting is realized, a prefabricated directional crack can be generated, the high-pressure hydraulic fracturing can be easily implemented in slotting drilling after the directional crack is formed, and a crack network can be formed by utilizing the crack formed by the hydraulic fracturing to the maximum extent so as to control the roof caving to weaken the roof.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the drill rod assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the drill rod assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the directional drill rod of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the drill pipe direction control apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the drill pipe direction control apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a slot drill of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a method of practicing the present invention;
1. an anchor agitator; 2. a water tank; 3. a water pump; 4. a pipeline; 5. a slurry pump; 6. a pressure gauge; 7. a transmission device; 7.1, supporting piers; 7.2, a motor; 7.3, a bearing; 7.4, a transmission plate; 7.5, threading; 7.6, a positioning hoop; 7.7, a screw rod; 7.8, bolts; 8. orienting the drill rod; 8.1, side wings; 8.2, a clamping groove; 8.3, a female joint; 8.4, annular protrusion; 8.5, an annular groove; 8.6, a male connector; 9. a direction control device; 9.1, expansion bolts; 9.2, flange plates; 9.3, a handle 9.4 and a circular turntable; 9.5, positioning a groove; 9.6, an annular groove; 9.7, T-shaped bosses; 10. a slotting drill bit; 10.1, conical convergent nozzle; 11. an overburden; 12. old topping; 13. directly ejecting; 14. a hydraulic support; 15. mining a coal bed; 16. and (6) drilling.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the top-down device for directionally cutting a top plate by a front-mixing type abrasive water jet comprises an anchor stirrer 1, a water supply tank 2, a water pump 3, a pipeline 4, a slurry pump 5, a pressure gauge 6, a drill rod transmission device 7, a directional drill rod 8, a drill rod direction control device 9, a slotting drill bit 10 and the like; the drill rod transmission device 7 comprises two support piers 7.1 which are arranged in parallel left and right, the top and the bottom of each support pier 7.1 are respectively provided with a transverse through hole, an upper screw rod 7.7 and a lower screw rod 7.7 which are arranged in parallel are arranged between the two support piers 7.1, the two ends of each screw rod 7.7 are rotationally connected with the support piers 7.1 through support bearings 7.3 arranged in the through holes, the leftmost end of each screw rod 7.7 is driven to rotate by a motor 7.2, the middle part of each support pier 7.1 is also provided with a directional drill rod mounting hole, a directional drill rod passes through the directional drill rod mounting hole, the drill rod transmission device 7 also comprises a transmission plate 7.4 which is arranged vertically to the screw rods 7, the transmission plate 7.4 is movably connected with the upper screw 7.7 and the lower screw 7.7 through a round screw thread 7.5 arranged on the back of the transmission plate 7.4, the screw thread 7.5 is in threaded connection with the screw 7.7, the middle of the back of the transmission plate 7.4 is also provided with a positioning hoop 7.6 movably connected with a directional drill rod 8, and the positioning hoop 7.6 is also provided with a bolt 7.8; the directional drill rod 8 consists of a plurality of sections of drill rods which are connected end to end, two sides of each section of drill rod are respectively provided with a side wing 8.1, the two side wings 8.1 are arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod, the left side of each section of drill rod is provided with a U-shaped female joint 8.3, the right side of the drill rod is provided with a male joint 8.6 matched with the female joint 8.3, the upper inner side and the lower inner side of each female joint 8.3 are respectively provided with a clamping groove 8.2, each male joint 8.6 is provided with an annular groove 8.5, a sealing ring is arranged in each annular groove 8.5, the left side of each annular groove 8.5 is provided with an annular bulge 8.4, and adjacent drill rods are mutually clamped and sealed with the clamping grooves 8.2 on the female joints 8.3 through; further, the drill rod direction control device 9 comprises a flange plate 9.2, a circular rotary table 9.4 is arranged on the upper surface of the middle of the flange plate 9.2, a T-shaped boss 9.7 is arranged at the bottom of the circular rotary table 9.4, an annular groove 9.6 is further arranged on the upper surface of the flange plate 9.2, the T-shaped boss 9.7 is located in the annular groove 9.6 and drives the circular rotary table 9.4 to rotate along the annular groove 9.6, two handles 9.3 are radially arranged on the circular rotary table 9.4, an included angle of 90 degrees is formed between a connecting line of the two handles 9.3 and a normal line of the circular rotary table 9.4, bolt holes are further formed in the flange plate 9.2, expansion bolts 9.1 penetrate through the bolt holes to fixedly install the flange plate 9.2 on a wall surface at a specified position, positioning grooves 9.5 are formed in the circular rotary table 9.4 and the flange plate 9.2, and a directional drill rod; furthermore, two slotting nozzles are arranged at the end part of the slotting drill bit 10 along the radial direction, the two slotting nozzles are arranged along the side wall of the slotting drill bit in an axisymmetric manner, the connecting line of the two slotting nozzles is vertical to the axial direction of a drill rod, the two slotting nozzles are respectively arranged on the extension lines of two side wings of the directional drill rod 8, the slotting nozzles adopt cone convergent nozzles 10.1, and the diameter of the throat part of each nozzle is 3 mm; when the device is used, water and abrasive in a water supply tank 2 are fully and uniformly mixed by stirring of an anchor stirrer 1, the mixed abrasive water is pumped into a slurry pump 5 through a pipeline 4 by a water pump 3 to be pressurized to form high-pressure abrasive water flow, the high-pressure abrasive water flow enters a directional drill rod 8 through a pressure gauge 6, two sides of the directional drill rod are provided with side wings 8.1, the tail ends of the drill rods of the two side wings along the axial direction are provided with slotting nozzles arranged on a slotting drill bit 10, the slotting nozzles adopt cone convergent nozzles 10.1, so that the directional cutting of a top plate by front mixing type abrasive water jet can be realized by controlling the directional drill rod 8, the directional drill rods 8 are connected through quick joints, wherein the front part of a male joint 8.6 is provided with an annular groove 8.5, a sealing ring is arranged in the groove to ensure the air tightness of the connection between the drill rods, the rear part of the annular groove is provided with an annular bulge 8.4, and the clamping tightness of the connection between the drill rods is ensured through a clamping groove, the directional drill rod 8 moves in a drill hole through a drill rod transmission device 7, the drill rod transmission device drives a screw rod 7.7 to rotate through the rotation of a motor 7.2 to achieve the back and forth movement of a transmission plate 7.4, the screw rod is connected with the transmission plate through a screw thread 7.5, a positioning hoop 7.6 is arranged on the transmission plate, the positioning hoop fixes the directional drill rod 8 through a bolt 7.8, the directional drill rod enters a drill rod direction control device 9 after passing through the drill rod transmission device, the drill rod direction control device fixes a square flange plate 9.2 on a wall surface through an expansion bolt 9.1, an annular groove 9.6 is formed in the square flange plate 9.2, a circular turntable 9.4 is arranged above the square flange plate 9.2, a T-shaped boss 9.7 is arranged at the lower part of the circular turntable, the square flange plate 9.2 and the circular turntable 9.4 are connected through the annular groove 9.6 and the T-shaped boss 9.7, two handles 9.3 are arranged on the circular turntable along the radial direction, the connecting line of the two handles, positioning grooves 9.5 are respectively arranged on the circular turntable and the square flange plate, a directional drill rod enters a drill hole from the positioning grooves, the direction of a slotting nozzle at the tail end of the drill rod can be judged by rotating the drill rod and observing the position of a lateral wing of the directional drill rod by controlling a handle on the circular turntable, the end of the directional drill rod is connected with a slotting drill bit 10, high-pressure abrasive water in the drill rod is conveyed to the slotting drill bit, the high-pressure abrasive water is further sprayed out at an accelerated speed by a conical convergent nozzle 10.1, namely the slotting nozzle, to form a front-mixing type high-pressure abrasive water jet to perform directional slotting on a rock mass to form a prefabricated directional crack, the rock mass performs the same slotting treatment on the next position of the drill hole after the prefabricated directional crack is formed under the action of the slotting nozzle, the capsule hole sealing device is adopted for the slotting drill hole after all the holes are finished, and then the directional hydraulic fracturing is performed in a top plate, the top plate forms a crack network so as to control the roof caving to achieve the purpose of weakening the top plate.
The top-down device of the front mixing type abrasive water jet directional cutting top plate shown in figures 1, 8 and 9The slotting method comprises the steps of drilling a row of drill holes on a top plate behind a hydraulic support 14 before a working face of a coal seam 15 is not mined after a horizontal coal seam 15 (with the thickness of 2.5 m), a direct roof 13 (mudstone with the thickness of 4 m), an old roof 12 (compact sandstone with the thickness of 10 m) and an overlying rock 11 (the burial depth of 200 m) are subjected to open-hole construction, wherein the included angle between the axial direction of the drill holes and the horizontal direction is 90 degrees, the distance between adjacent drill holes is 10m, and the drill stops at a position where the old roof penetrates through the overlying rock 1m (as shown in figure 8), and then using a roof-releasing device for directionally cutting the old roof based on abrasive water jet, wherein high-pressure abrasive water pressurized by a slurry pump can reach 30MPa at most, directional slotting is performed in a drill hole 16 drilled in advance, and the old roof is; when high-pressure abrasive water jet slotting is carried out, the best fracturing effect is achieved in the later stage that a plane formed by two slotting nozzles of a slotting drill bit and a directional drill rod connected with the two slotting nozzles is parallel to a working surface by adjusting a drill rod direction control device, the high-pressure abrasive water jet slotting starts to be slotted from a position 1.5m away from the bottom of a hole along the axial direction of a drill hole, the drill rod is gradually retreated by adjusting a drill rod transmission device, and symmetric slotting is carried out to two sides in the drill hole 16 in a retreating mode (the pressure of the high-pressure abrasive water is 30MPa, and the flow of a slurry pump3And h, under the condition that the mass ratio of the grinding materials to the water in the water tank is 13%, the best slotting effect is that the slotting depth can reach 1 m), and slotting is stopped at the position 1m upwards along the axis from the junction of the direct roof and the old roof.
And after the slotting is finished, sealing the hole of the drilled hole after the directional slotting is finished by adopting a capsule hole sealing device, sealing the hole from the bottom of the hole along the axial direction within the range of 1m and from the junction of the direct roof and the old roof along the axial direction within the range of 1m upwards, wherein the sealing depth is at least 1 m. After hole sealing is finished, high-pressure water is adopted for directional fracturing, and a formula is calculated according to the dead weight stress of the rock mass:
degree of gravity
Buried depth of
The dead weight stress of the old jack can be calculated as6MPa, horizontal stress
Is stress of dead weight
Half of that. According to a formula for calculating the fracture initiation pressure of the hydraulic fracturing of the rock stratum:
coefficient of lateral pressure
，
The old top fracture initiation pressure can be calculated to be about 9 Mpa for the bore radius. The hydraulic fracturing uses a high-pressure water pump, a water inlet of the water pump is connected with static pressure water, a water outlet of the water pump is connected with a high-pressure rubber pipe, the other end of the high-pressure rubber pipe is connected with a water injection pipe, after the connection is correct, the high-pressure water pump is firstly filled with water and then electrified for water injection, the water pump pressure gauge and the manual pump pressure gauge are slowly pressurized and recorded for reading, the pressurization is continued until the water pressure is suddenly reduced when the prefabricated directional crack is cracked, the water injection is continued for pressure maintaining for 0.5h, the crack is continuously expanded, so that the cracks of the hydraulic fracturing of adjacent drill holes can be communicated, a crack. When the working face is pushed forward for a certain distance, the top plate does not collapse in time, the same operation can be carried out in a goaf behind the hydraulic support to control the roof caving, and therefore the purpose of weakening the top plate is achieved.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a device of caving in of directional cutting roof of preceding formula of mixing abrasive water jet which characterized in that: the anchor type stirrer comprises a water supply tank and an anchor type stirrer installed in the water supply tank, wherein a water pump is arranged at the top of the water supply tank, abrasive water in the water supply tank is pumped into a slurry pump through a water outlet pipeline by the water pump, a pressure gauge is arranged on the water outlet pipeline of the slurry pump, the outlet of the water outlet pipeline is communicated with a directional drill rod, a drill rod transmission device is arranged at the inlet end of the directional drill rod, a drill rod direction control device is arranged at the outlet end of the directional drill rod, and a slot drill.
2. The roof caving device for directional cutting of a top plate by a front-mixed abrasive water jet according to claim 1, wherein: drilling rod transmission includes the support mound of parallel arrangement about two, and every support mound top and bottom respectively are equipped with a horizontal through hole, are equipped with the lead screw of two upper and lower parallels between two support mounds, and the lead screw both ends are rotated through installing the support bearing in the through hole and being connected with the support mound, and every lead screw is all rotatory through motor drive at the leftmost end, and every support mound middle part still is equipped with a directional drilling rod mounting hole, and directional drilling rod passes directional drilling rod mounting hole, and drilling rod transmission still includes the driving plate that sets up perpendicularly with the lead screw, through the circular screw thread swing joint who locates the driving plate back between driving plate and the upper and lower lead screw, threaded connection between screw thread and the lead screw, driving plate back middle part still is equipped with the location hoop with directional drilling rod swing joint, still be equipped with the bolt on.
3. The roof caving device for directional cutting of a roof plate by a front-mixed abrasive water jet according to claim 2, wherein: the directional drilling rod comprises the drilling rod of multistage end to end, every section drilling rod both sides are equipped with a flank respectively, two flanks set up along drilling rod axial direction, every section drilling rod left side is equipped with a U type female joint, the drilling rod right side be equipped with one with female joint complex male joint, the inboard all is equipped with a draw-in groove about every female joint, all be equipped with an annular groove on every male joint, be equipped with the sealing washer in the annular groove, the annular groove left side is equipped with an annular arch, block mutually and seal through the annular arch on the male joint and the draw-in groove on the female joint between the adjacent drilling rod.
4. The roof caving device for directional cutting of a top plate by a front-mixed abrasive water jet according to claim 3, wherein: drilling rod direction control device includes the ring flange, ring flange middle part upper surface is equipped with circular carousel, and circular carousel bottom is equipped with T type boss, and the ring flange upper surface still is equipped with the annular groove, and T type boss is located the annular groove and drives circular carousel and be rotary motion along the annular groove, and circular carousel radially is equipped with two handles, and the line and the circular carousel normal line contained angle of two handles are 90 contained angles, still is equipped with the bolt hole on the ring flange, and expansion bolts passes the bolt hole and with ring flange fixed mounting on the assigned position wall, all open the constant head tank on circular carousel and the ring flange, directional drilling rod gets into drilling from the constant head tank.
5. The roof caving device for directional cutting of a top plate by a front-mixed abrasive water jet according to claim 4, wherein: the end part of the slotting drill bit is provided with two slotting nozzles along the radial direction, the two slotting nozzles are arranged along the side wall of the slotting drill bit in an axisymmetric mode, the connecting line of the two slotting nozzles is vertical to the axis direction of the drill rod, the slotting nozzles are conical convergent nozzles, the two nozzles are respectively arranged on the extension lines of the two side wings of the directional drill rod, and the diameter of the throat part of each nozzle is 3 mm.
6. A method of roof caving device for directional cutting of a roof plate by a front-mixed abrasive waterjet according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) after the wall surface open hole construction is completed and before the coal seam working surface is not mined, drilling a row of drill holes on a top plate behind a hydraulic support by using a drilling machine, wherein the included angle between the axial direction of the drill holes and the horizontal direction is 90 degrees, and the distance between adjacent drill holes is 10m until the drill hole stops drilling at the position of 1m of the overburden rock layer of the old top-wearing of the drill hole;
2) the method comprises the steps of using a top-placing device for directionally cutting a top plate based on abrasive water jet to directionally cut a slot in a pre-drilled drill hole and cut an old top, enabling a plane formed by two slot nozzles of a slot drill bit and a directional drill rod connected with the slot nozzles to be parallel to a working surface by adjusting a drill rod direction control device, enabling the drill rod to gradually retreat by adjusting a drill rod transmission device, symmetrically cutting slots towards two sides in the drill hole in a retreating mode, and stopping the slot until the joint of a direct top and the old top is upwards 1m along an axis;
3) after the slotting is finished, sealing the hole of the drilled hole after the directional slotting is finished by adopting a capsule hole sealing device, sealing the hole from the bottom of the hole along the axial direction within the range of 1m and from the junction of the direct roof and the old roof along the axial direction within the range of 1m upwards, wherein the sealing depth is at least 1 m;
4) after hole sealing is finished, high-pressure water is adopted for directional fracturing, and the purpose of weakening the top plate and controlling caving is achieved.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of using the top-loading device comprises: and in the step 1), the wall surface is formed by a horizontal coal seam, a direct roof, an old roof and an overlying rock stratum from bottom to top in sequence.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of using the top-loading device comprises: in the step 2), the pressure of high-pressure abrasive water is 30MPa, the mass ratio of the abrasive to the water in the water tank is 13%, and the high-pressure abrasive water jet starts to cut a seam from a position 1.5m away from the bottom of the hole along the axial direction of the drill hole.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of using the top-loading device comprises: in the step 4), a formula is calculated according to the self-weight stress of the rock mass:
degree of gravity
Buried depth ofThe self-weight stress and the horizontal stress of the old jack can be calculatedIs stress of dead weight
According to a formula for calculating the fracture initiation pressure of the hydraulic fracturing of the rock stratum:
coefficient of lateral pressure
，
The method comprises the steps of calculating old top fracture initiation pressure for the radius of a drill hole, using a high-pressure water pump for hydraulic fracturing, connecting a water inlet of the water pump with static pressure water, connecting a water outlet of the water pump with a high-pressure rubber pipe, connecting the other end of the high-pressure rubber pipe with a water injection pipe, connecting the high-pressure water pump with the water injection pipe without errors, then electrifying the high-pressure water pump for water injection, slowly pressurizing, recording readings of a water pump pressure gauge and a manual pump pressure gauge, continuously pressurizing until the water pressure is suddenly reduced when a prefabricated directional crack is cracked, continuously maintaining the pressure for water injection, maintaining the pressure for 0.5h, and continuously expanding the crack to enable the cracks of the hydraulic fracturing of adjacent drill.
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| CN201911031947.8A CN110685683A (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2019-10-28 | Top-releasing device and method for front-mixing type abrasive water jet flow directional cutting top plate |
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