CN110684234B

CN110684234B - Simple and low-cost preparation method of ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge

Info

Publication number: CN110684234B
Application number: CN201910964589.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周莹; 刘帅卓; 张骞; 范雷倚; 王芳; 于姗
Original assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Current assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Priority date: 2019-10-11
Filing date: 2019-10-11
Publication date: 2022-05-06
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-11
Also published as: CN110684234A

Abstract

The invention provides a simple and low-cost preparation method of a super-hydrophobic sponge material, which comprises the steps of carrying out surface modification treatment on commercial melamine sponge by one-step dipping of a strong oxidant solution, then washing and drying to obtain the super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic sponge with super-light weight. The method has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple and rapid preparation, no need of complex chemical reaction or material preparation process, easy realization of large-scale production and application and the like. The sponge prepared by the invention has the advantages of low density, high porosity, extrusion resistance, high oil absorption multiplying power, good oil-water separation capacity, high repeatable utilization rate and the like, is a novel and efficient super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic adsorption material, and has wide application prospect in separation and recovery of oil-containing or organic solvent and water mixture.

Description

Simple and low-cost preparation method of ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of preparation and application of environment function materials, relates to a sponge and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a simple and low-cost preparation method of an ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge.

Background

With the rapid development of economy in China, the discharge amount of waste water containing oil or organic solvents in the fields of petrochemical industry, food processing, catering and the like is increased year by year, and serious negative effects on various aspects such as ecological environment, social economy, human health and the like are caused. Therefore, the development of materials for realizing effective separation of oil and water is urgently needed, so that the environmental problem caused by oily wastewater is solved. Therefore, realizing efficient oil-water separation and efficient adsorption of oily liquid becomes a very hot and urgent scientific problem in the present society.

The melamine sponge is a sponge material prepared by foaming melamine resin as a substrate. The oil-absorbing material has a three-dimensional porous net-shaped structure and excellent elastic performance, has the characteristics of high aperture ratio, stable structure, rich sources, low cost and good adsorption performance, and is a candidate material for realizing oil absorption. But there is no adsorption selectivity to oil and water in the commercial melamine sponge used directly. Therefore, the sponge needs to be subjected to surface modification, and the surface modification is changed from hydrophilic to oleophilic, so that the adsorption selectivity is improved, the efficient separation of oil and water is realized, and the actual environmental problem can be solved. In the current research on sponge modification, it is reported that a super-hydrophobic surface is obtained by growing metal nanoparticles on the surface of a sponge framework through vapor deposition or coating polytetrafluoroethylene, thiol, graphene and other substances. However, these modified sponges have the problems that the required modified materials are expensive or have certain harm to human bodies and the environment, the operation of the modification process is complicated or complicated instruments and equipment are required, and the like, so that the methods are limited in practical application. Therefore, a method for preparing the super-hydrophobic oleophylic sponge through modification, which has the advantages of environmental friendliness, simplicity, convenience, low cost, easiness in realization of large-scale production and the like, is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a simple and low-cost method for preparing the super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic sponge with high adsorption capacity, high adsorption speed and ultra-light weight, which is easy to separate and recover.

In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:

1) preparing a solution with a certain amount of strong oxidant, and immersing cut commercial melamine sponge with the required size into the solution;

2) and taking out the sponge soaked for a certain time, extruding out the strong oxidant solution in the pores, washing with ethanol, and drying to obtain the super-hydrophobic-super-oleophilic and super-light sponge.

Furthermore, the commercial melamine sponge is melamine with three-dimensional porosity and has the characteristics of low cost, light weight, small pore diameter, high adsorption capacity, good elasticity and the like, and the porosity is 98.5-99.5%.

Further, the strong oxidant is any one of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and potassium ferrate.

Further, the content of the hydrogen peroxide strong oxidant solution is 1-30 wt%; the contents of the potassium persulfate, the ammonium persulfate and the potassium ferrate are 1-50 mmol/L.

Further, the soaking time is 15-120 min.

Further, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1) the method has the advantages of simple and quick operation process, good repeatability, no need of complex reaction and instrument equipment, and easy large-scale preparation. In particular, the materials used are cheap and readily available.

2) The hydrophobic oleophylic sponge prepared by the invention has extremely low density, has ultrahigh oil absorption multiplying power in the process of adsorbing water surface oil or organic matters, and can adsorb oil or organic matters with hundreds of times of self weight.

3) The hydrophobic oleophylic sponge prepared by the invention has good oil-water selective adsorption separation capacity, can quickly and selectively adsorb only oil and organic matters on the water surface or under the water, but not water, and has potential application prospects in the fields of oily (or organic solvent) sewage treatment, crude oil (or organic matter) leakage pollution treatment and the like.

4) The hydrophobic oleophylic sponge prepared by the invention has good mechanical property and cyclic adsorption capacity, and can keep the original appearance and adsorption performance after repeated extrusion and cyclic utilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the water contact angle of the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic sponge according to example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hydrophobic-lipophilic property of the super-hydrophobic-super-lipophilic sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the adsorption capacities of the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention to different organic substances.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the water contact angle of the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic sponge according to example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described, but not limited to, by the following specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

immersing a piece of melamine sponge into the prepared hydrogen peroxide solution with the content of 10 wt%, taking out the sponge after soaking for 30min, and squeezing to dry. And washing the surface of the sponge by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the hydrophobic-super-oleophylic sponge.

The superhydrophobic-superoleophilic sponge prepared according to example 1 was tested by a contact angle meter (fig. 1) and had a hydrophobic angle of 157 deg., and it can be seen that the sponge had excellent hydrophobicity.

According to the hydrophobic-lipophilic property diagram (fig. 2) of the super-hydrophobic-super-lipophilic sponge prepared in example 1, water beads form a sphere and stably stand on the surface of the sponge, and oil drops rapidly penetrate into the sponge, so that the excellent super-hydrophobic-super-lipophilic property of the sponge is seen.

According to the adsorption rate graph (figure 3) of the super-hydrophobic-super-oleophilic sponge prepared in example 1 for different organic matters, it can be seen that the sponge has very high adsorption capacity for oil or organic matters, and is an ideal adsorption material.

Example 2:

immersing a piece of melamine sponge into the prepared hydrogen peroxide solution with the content of 5 wt%, taking out the sponge after soaking for 60min, and squeezing to dry. And washing the surface of the sponge by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic sponge.

The superhydrophobic-superoleophilic sponge prepared according to example 2 was tested by a contact angle meter (fig. 4), the hydrophobic angle was 155 °, and it can be seen that the sponge has excellent hydrophobicity

Example 3:

immersing a piece of melamine sponge into a prepared potassium persulfate solution with the content of 10mmol/L, taking out the sponge after soaking for 30min, and squeezing to dry. And washing the surface of the sponge by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic sponge.

Example 4:

immersing a piece of melamine sponge into a prepared ammonium persulfate solution with the content of 5mmol/L, taking out the sponge after soaking for 60min, and squeezing to dry. And washing the surface of the sponge by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic sponge.

In conclusion, the invention discloses a simple and low-cost method for preparing super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic sponge by modifying with a strong oxidant, and the method has the advantages of simple and quick process, no need of complex chemical reaction or material preparation process, and easy realization of large-scale production and application. The sponge prepared by the invention has the advantages of low density, high porosity, extrusion resistance, high oil absorption rate, good oil-water separation capacity, high repeatable utilization rate and the like, is a novel and efficient super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic adsorption material with ultralow density, and has wide application prospect in separation and recovery of oil-containing or organic solvent and water mixture.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for further illustration of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned disclosure are also considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. It is emphasized that the dimensions of the substrate in the embodiments described herein are merely provided to illustrate the invention in detail and are not intended to limit the invention.

Claims

1. A simple and low-cost preparation method of an ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a solution with a certain amount of strong oxidant, and immersing cut commercial melamine sponge with the required size into the solution;

(2) and taking out the sponge soaked for a certain time, extruding the strong oxidant solution in the pores, washing with ethanol, and drying to obtain the ultralight, ultrahydrophobic-ultraoleophilic sponge.

2. The simple and low-cost preparation method of the ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strong oxidant solution in step (1) is hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate or potassium ferrate.

3. The simple and low-cost preparation method of the ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strong oxidant in step (1) is hydrogen peroxide, and the content of the strong oxidant is 5-30 wt%; the strong oxidant is potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate or potassium ferrate, and the content of the strong oxidant is 1-50 mmol/L.

4. The simple and low-cost preparation method of the ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time in step (2) is 15-120 min.

5. The simple and low-cost preparation method of the ultralight and ultrahydrophobic sponge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the step (2) is 40-60 ℃.

6. The method for preparing the ultra-light and ultra-hydrophobic sponge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultra-light and ultra-hydrophobic-ultra-oleophilic sponge has a water contact angle of 150 ° or more and an oil contact angle of 0 °.

7. The sponge with ultra-light weight and ultra-hydrophobic property obtained by the simple and low-cost preparation method of the ultra-light and ultra-hydrophobic sponge according to the claim 1 has potential application value in the actual oil-water separation and oil-containing wastewater treatment.