CN110682112A - Horizontal five-axis machining center of board turns over - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a turning plate horizontal five-axis machining center, comprising a worktable support mechanism, a worktable, a worktable base, a worktable turning mechanism, a machine bed, a bed column, a sliding saddle, a ram, and an AC swing head , chain-type chip conveyor, iron chip car and water tank, the worktable support mechanism is equipped with a worktable positioning and clamping mechanism, the machine bed is fixed to the rear end of the worktable support mechanism through a number of bottom connecting bodies, and the lower end of the bed column Installed on the machine bed, the upper end of the bed column is installed on the top of the workbench support mechanism, the chain chip conveyor is installed above several bottom connecting bodies and below the AC swing head, and the chip truck and water tank are installed on the ground respectively. superior. The machining center has a reasonable layout and is easy to install, debug, repair and maintain. It can ensure that the machine tool has sufficient rigidity and good dynamic characteristics during the entire processing stroke, so that the spindle can maintain good cutting performance at any position within the stroke range. Workpiece machining accuracy.

Description

A flap horizontal five-axis machining center

technical field

The invention relates to a machining center, in particular to a turning plate horizontal five-axis machining center.

Background technique

Large-scale aerospace aluminum alloy structural parts have the characteristics of high metal removal rate, large size of parts, high manufacturing precision, and mostly thin-walled structural parts. The processing equipment needs to meet the following requirements: high-speed and high-efficiency processing technology; high-speed and high-power spindle ; High rigidity, high precision; Multi-axis linkage.

In the traditional vertical machining center of gantry type machine tools, since the workpiece is placed horizontally, a large number of high-temperature chips generated during the processing are accumulated in the thin-walled structure of the workpiece and cannot be discharged in time, which is likely to cause secondary thermal deformation and secondary cutting of the workpiece, which seriously affects The machining accuracy of the workpiece and the service life of the tool; while the horizontal five-axis machining center with a flip plate is processed, the workpiece is placed vertically, and the chips generated during the machining process can be smoothly discharged under the action of gravity after the table is turned over, avoiding the need for The problem of secondary thermal deformation and secondary cutting of the workpiece greatly improves the machining accuracy of the workpiece and the service life of the tool, and becomes a new choice for machining large-scale aluminum alloy structural parts in aviation.

The layout of the existing horizontal five-axis machining center with flip plate is usually divided into two types: First, the column is fixed during processing, the worktable can move in the X direction, and the headstock on the column can move in the Y and Z directions. The AC swing head realizes five-axis machining; after the worktable is moved to the outside of the machine tool, it can be turned to a horizontal position through the flipping mechanism, which is convenient for workpiece clamping. During processing, the worktable is rotated 90 degrees to a vertical position and then moved into the processing area for processing. . 2. The worktable is fixed during processing, the column can move in the X direction, the side-mounted spindle box on the column can realize the movement in the Y and Z directions, and the AC swing head on the spindle box can realize five-axis machining; Flip to the horizontal position, which is convenient for workpiece clamping. During processing, the flip mechanism first rotates the worktable by 90 degrees to the vertical position, and then returns to the fixed processing station for processing.

The existing problems of the horizontal five-axis machining center with a fixed column and a moving table during processing are:

1) The size in the length direction is large, and the requirements for the site are relatively high. Because of the movement of the worktable, coupled with the external turning mechanism and the parallel transport mechanism for transporting the worktable from the processing area to the turning area, the length of the machine tool in the X direction needs to be at least in the X direction stroke. more than 3.5 times, which limits the development of the machining center structure to the direction of large stroke;

2) The quality of the worktable is relatively large, and the worktable needs to complete multiple actions such as translation and flipping, and the corresponding moving mechanism has a complex structure and high precision requirements;

3) The overall mass and center of gravity of the moving parts (the worktable and the workpieces on it) change according to different workpieces, and during the processing of the same workpiece, the overall mass and center of gravity of the moving parts also change with the progress of the processing operation. The constant change is not conducive to the inertia ratio of the drive motor, which affects the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, thereby reducing the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

The existing problems of the horizontal five-axis machining center with a fixed table and a movable column during processing are:

1) The worktable turning mechanism is placed at the lower part of the worktable. In order to ensure the height of the whole machine, the turning mechanism is usually installed in a pit, which requires digging a pit, which increases the installation cost, increases the difficulty of installation, and is not conducive to later maintenance and repair;

2) The worktable turning mechanism usually uses a hydraulic cylinder as the driving force. Since the turning plate milling requires two support arms to move synchronously, the synchronous control accuracy of the hydraulic cylinder is not high, which is easy to cause irregular vibration of the worktable. Since the quality of the turning and milling workpiece changes greatly, the turning speed of the worktable should be adjusted according to the quality of the workpiece to reduce the processing cycle as much as possible, but the hydraulic system has poor speed regulation ability;

3) The main shaft is hung on the side of the column, which requires high rigidity of the whole machine, poor thermal stability, and the column is in a state of partial load, which is easy to deform, resulting in loss of accuracy;

4) Due to the limitation of the side-mounted box structure, the width of the column is narrow, the power distribution span of the X-direction movement of the column is small, and the center of the spindle is located outside the support point of the column. During processing, the column is always subject to a rolling moment, which affects the dynamics of the machine tool. characteristics, resulting in the reduction of the machining accuracy of the workpiece;

5) The top of the column lacks support. Due to the characteristics of the workpiece processed by the turning plate machine, the processing area is evenly distributed in each position of the stroke. When performing high-speed machining operations within the upper stroke range, since the driving motor of the column is placed at the bottom, the center of gravity of the moving parts Higher, which affects the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, thereby reducing the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is, aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a flap horizontal five-axis machining center, the machining center has a reasonable layout, is convenient for installation, debugging, repair and maintenance, and can ensure that the machine tool is in the full processing stroke. It has sufficient rigidity and good dynamic characteristics, so that the spindle can maintain good cutting performance at any position within the stroke range and improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a turning plate horizontal five-axis machining center, comprising a worktable support mechanism, a worktable, a worktable base, a worktable turning mechanism, a machine bed, a bed column, saddle, ram, AC swing head, chain chip conveyor, iron scrap truck and water tank, the worktable support mechanism is a left-right symmetrical back-shaped frame structure, the bed column, the saddle, the sliding Both the pillow and the AC swing head are left-right symmetrical structures, the worktable support mechanism is provided with a worktable positioning and clamping mechanism, the worktable is placed horizontally on the worktable base, and the worktable The base is installed on the front side of the worktable support mechanism, the worktable turning mechanism is installed on the worktable support mechanism, and the rear end of the worktable support mechanism is fixed with a number of bottom connecting bodies, so The machine bed is fixed on the several bottom connecting bodies, and the lower end of the bed column is slidably installed on the machine bed along the X-direction of the machine tool through the X-direction main drive mechanism. The upper end of the body column is slidably installed on the top of the table support mechanism along the X direction of the machine tool through the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism, and the sliding saddle is slidably installed on the machine tool Y-direction through the Y-direction drive mechanism. In the middle of the upright column of the bed, the ram is slidably installed on the saddle along the Z direction of the machine tool through the Z-direction drive mechanism, the AC swing head is installed on the ram, the The chain chip conveyor is installed above the plurality of bottom connecting bodies and below the AC swing head, and the chip truck and the water tank are respectively installed on the ground.

In the horizontal five-axis machining center with a flap of the present invention, the worktable support mechanism, the bottom connecting body, the machine bed, the bed column, etc. together form an integral frame structure, which is beneficial to keep the overall structure of the machine tool stable, especially the upper and lower bed columns. Both are supported and driven up and down at the same time, which can ensure that the machine tool has sufficient rigidity and good dynamic characteristics during the entire processing stroke, so that the spindle can maintain good cutting performance at any position within the stroke range.

Since the bed column, saddle, ram, AC swing head and other components of the horizontal five-axis machining center are all symmetrical structures, it is ensured that the X direction of the overall center of gravity of the bed column is always maintained on the central axis of the main shaft. The layout ensures that at any position within the Y and Z travel ranges, the overall center of gravity of the bed column in the Z direction is always within its support span, and the movement of the spindle has little effect on the overall center of gravity of the bed column, which can avoid the front of the bed column. At the same time, the overall symmetrical structure of the bed column can reduce the precision loss caused by thermal deformation, thereby improving the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

The waterproof and chip-proof design of the whole machine is relatively simple. The chain-type chip conveyor is installed above the bottom connecting body, and has a certain height from the ground, so that the chip truck and water tank can be installed. On the ground, therefore, the whole horizontal five-axis machining center does not need to dig a pit for installation, which can save installation costs, reduce machine tool installation cycles, and facilitate installation, debugging, repair and maintenance.

Preferably, the workbench support mechanism includes a support top beam, a positioning top beam, a positioning base, a left support column, a right support column and a support base, and the left support column and the right support column are respectively installed upright on The tops of the two ends of the supporting base, the supporting top beams are installed across the tops of the left supporting columns and the right supporting columns, and the positioning top beams are installed on the supporting top beams. The bottom of the base, the positioning base is installed on the top of the support base, the positioning top beam and the positioning base are arranged at intervals up and down, the worktable overturning mechanism includes two overturning units, the The two turning units are symmetrically installed on the support base, the worktable base is located between the two turning units, and the plurality of bottom connecting bodies are fixed on the rear end of the support base , the upper end of the bed column is slidably mounted on the support top beam along the X-direction of the machine tool through the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism. The above-mentioned structural design can ensure the overall rigidity of the workbench support mechanism and the reliable support effect on the workbench.

Preferably, several worktable grabbing units are installed on each of the turning units, and each turning unit includes a servo motor, a reducer, a lead screw, a screw nut, a connecting rod, a support arm and a base; The servo motor is installed on one end of the support arm, the other end of the support arm is rotatably connected with the base through the first bearing, and the reducer is installed on the servo motor. For the output end, one end of the lead screw is connected to the reducer, the other end of the lead screw is mounted on the support arm, and the lead nut is threadedly connected to the lead screw, One end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the nut through a second bearing, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the base through a third bearing, and the base is fixed on the support base; a support arm guide rail is installed on the support arm, the support arm guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the lead screw, a slider is installed on the lead nut, the The sliding block is slidably mounted on the support arm guide rail. The table turning mechanism is driven by a servo motor, which can ensure that the turning units on both sides are driven synchronously, so that the table can be turned smoothly, and the positioning accuracy of the table can be guaranteed. Since the servo motor has precise speed regulation capability, the turning speed can be adjusted according to the weight of the workpiece clamped on the worktable, reducing the processing tact, ensuring the synchronization and repeating position accuracy of the support arms on both sides, and ensuring the machining accuracy of the workpiece. In the initial state when the workpiece needs to be clamped, the worktable is placed horizontally on the base of the worktable, and the support arms are closed. When the worktable needs to be turned over, several worktable grabbing units grab the worktable, grab the worktable, and then the servo motor works. The servo motor amplifies the torque through the reducer, transmits the power to the lead screw, drives the lead screw to rotate and pushes the screw. The nut moves along the guide rail of the support arm. When the nut moves, it pushes the connecting rod to rotate, so that the center point of the second bearing rotates around the center point of the third bearing, and then the rotation of the connecting rod drives the support arm to rotate around the center point of the first bearing. Rotate until the support arms are fully open, flipping the table into an upright position.

Preferably, each of the worktable grabbing units includes a grabbing oil cylinder installed on the support arm, and a positioning support column is installed at the output end of each of the grabbing oil cylinders. The left and right sides are respectively fixed with positioning blocks corresponding to each of the positioning support columns one-to-one, and each positioning block is provided with a positioning hole. When several worktable grabbing units grab the worktable, each of the positioning support columns is inserted into one of the positioning holes. When the worktable needs to be grasped, several positioning support columns are respectively inserted into several positioning holes to realize the X-direction positioning support for the worktable.

Preferably, the worktable positioning and clamping mechanism includes two worktable coarse positioning units, a worktable fine positioning unit and a plurality of worktable positioning and clamping units, and the two worktable rough positioning units are installed symmetrically from left to right On the left support column and the right support column, each of the workbench rough positioning units includes a rough positioning oil cylinder, and a rough positioning pin is installed at the output end of each of the rough positioning oil cylinders; the The precise positioning unit of the worktable is installed on the left support column, and the precise positioning unit of the worktable includes a precise positioning cylinder, and the output end of the precise positioning cylinder is equipped with a precise positioning pin; the positioning top beam A plurality of the worktable positioning and clamping units are respectively arranged on the positioning base and the worktable positioning and clamping units, each of the worktable positioning and clamping units includes a positioning and clamping oil cylinder, and the output end of each of the positioning and clamping oil cylinders A pressure block is connected to the shaft, and the cylinder body of each of the positioning and clamping oil cylinders is respectively connected with two left-right symmetrical connecting plates, and the front ends of the two connecting plates are respectively connected with the middle and upper part of the pressure block. Axial connection, the pressing block is located between the two connecting plates, the top side and the bottom side of the worktable are respectively fixed with limit blocks corresponding to each of the pressing blocks one-to-one, so When the worktable is turned over to a vertical state to be positioned and clamped, the precise positioning pin pushes against the left side of the worktable, and each of the pressing blocks presses one of the limiting blocks. When the workpiece needs to be clamped, the worktable is placed horizontally on the base of the worktable. After the workpiece is clamped, several worktable grabbing units grab the worktable, and two turning units turn the worktable 90 degrees to the vertical position. The two coarse positioning oil cylinders work, the coarse positioning pins located on both sides of the worktable extend to the worktable to perform rough positioning of the worktable. At this time, the worktable turning mechanism is separated from the worktable and rotated 90 degrees to return to the initial horizontal position; The positioning cylinder works, the fine positioning pin is extended, and the worktable is pressed from left to right, so that the worktable is close to the right support column. The block presses the multiple limit blocks respectively, and applies a large clamping force to the multiple limit blocks to realize the positioning and clamping of the worktable, and the machine tool can start the processing operation at this time. After the workpiece is processed, the table turning mechanism rotates 90 degrees and rises to a vertical state and grabs the table again. At the same time, multiple positioning and clamping cylinders, fine positioning cylinders and two coarse positioning cylinders release the worktable, The turning mechanism grabs the worktable and rotates it 90 degrees again, and brings the worktable back to the base of the worktable for the disassembly of the processed workpiece and the clamping of the workpiece to be processed in the next round.

Preferably, the X-direction main drive mechanism includes two X-direction main drive units, and the two X-direction main drive units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the bed column. The X-direction main drive unit includes an X-direction main drive motor and a first rack and pinion transmission mechanism, the output end of the X-direction main drive motor is connected with the input end of the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism, and the The output end of the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism is connected with the lower end of the bed column; two first X-direction guide rails are symmetrically installed on the machine bed front and rear, and the lower end of the bed column can slide installed on the two first X-direction guide rails. Two X-direction main drive units are installed on both sides of the bottom of the bed column, which can increase the span of the bed column and improve the running stability of the machine tool.

Preferably, the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism includes two X-direction auxiliary drive units, and the two X-direction auxiliary drive units are symmetrically arranged at the top of the bed column, each of the X-direction The auxiliary drive unit includes an X-direction auxiliary drive motor and a second rack and pinion transmission mechanism, the output end of the X-direction auxiliary drive motor is connected with the input end of the second rack and pinion transmission mechanism, and the second The output end of the rack and pinion transmission mechanism is connected with the upper end of the bed column; two second X-direction guide rails are installed symmetrically up and down on the supporting top beam, and the upper end of the bed column is slidably installed on the two second X-direction guide rails.

Preferably, the Y-direction drive mechanism includes two Y-direction drive units, the two Y-direction drive units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bed column, and each of the Y-direction drive units It includes a Y-direction drive motor and a Y-direction screw drive mechanism, the output end of the Y-direction drive motor is connected to the input end of the Y-direction screw drive mechanism, and the two sides of the saddle are respectively connected to two The nut of the Y-direction screw drive mechanism is connected; the bed column is a back-shaped frame structure, and two Y-direction guide rails are installed symmetrically on both sides of the bed column, and the sliding saddle The two sides of the bed are slidably installed on the two Y-direction guide rails and are located inside the back-shaped frame of the bed column.

Preferably, X-direction widening blocks are integrally provided in the middle and lower parts of the two sides of the bed column. The function of the X-direction widening blocks on both sides of the bed column is to move the center of gravity of the bed column downward, which can further increase the supporting span of the bed column and make the machine run more smoothly.

Preferably, the Z-direction drive mechanism includes a Z-direction drive unit, the Z-direction drive unit is disposed at the bottom of the saddle, and the Z-direction drive unit includes a Z-direction drive motor and a Z-direction lead screw In the transmission mechanism, the bottom end of the ram is connected with the nut of the Z-direction screw transmission mechanism; in the sliding saddle back-shaped box structure, the inner four corners of the sliding saddle are symmetrically installed with four A Z-direction guide rail is provided, and the ram is slidably installed on the four Z-direction guide rails.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The bed column is driven up and down simultaneously by the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism and the X-direction main drive mechanism, and the lower end and the upper end of the bed column are rigidly connected to the overall frame of the machine tool, ensuring the rigidity of the machine tool column when it moves rapidly, so that the spindle is There is enough rigid support when machining any position on the bed column, especially the rigidity of the spindle when machining the upper end of the bed column, to ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece during the upper end machining;

2. The worktable support mechanism, the bottom connecting body, the machine bed, the bed column, etc. together form an overall frame structure, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of the overall structure of the machine tool. Combined with the rigid support up and down the bed column and the simultaneous up and down drive, it can ensure the machine tool It has sufficient rigidity and good dynamic characteristics in the full processing stroke, so that the spindle can maintain good cutting performance at any position within the stroke range;

3. The bed column, saddle, ram, AC swing head and other components are all symmetrical structures to ensure that the X direction of the overall center of gravity of the bed column is always kept on the central axis of the main shaft. At any position within the stroke range, the Z direction of the overall center of gravity of the bed column is always within its support span, which can avoid the deformation effect caused by the eccentric load, and the spindle movement has little effect on the overall center of gravity of the bed column, which can avoid the bed column. At the same time, the overall symmetrical structure of the bed column can reduce the precision loss caused by thermal deformation, thereby improving the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece;

4. The machine bed can adopt a modular design, which is convenient for the expansion of the X-direction stroke, and the increase of the X-direction stroke has little effect on the overall size of the machine, and the requirements for the installation site are not high;

5. The waterproof and chip-proof design of the whole machine is relatively simple. The chain-type chip conveyor is installed above the bottom connecting body and has a certain height from the ground, so that the scrap truck and water tank can be installed on the ground. The horizontal five-axis machining center as a whole does not need to dig pits for installation, which can save installation costs, reduce machine tool installation cycles, and facilitate installation, debugging, repair and maintenance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front side view of the turning plate horizontal five-axis machining center with the table in the horizontal position in the embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the front side view of the horizontal five-axis machining center of the flip-plate under the vertical clamping state of the working table in the embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the enlarged view of A place in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of I-I in Fig. 3 (at this time, the positioning and clamping oil cylinder is positioned and the clamping table is positioned);

5 is a state diagram corresponding to the positioning and clamping oil cylinder of FIG. 4 when the worktable is released;

Fig. 6 is the rear side view of the horizontal five-axis machining center of the turning plate under the vertical clamping state of the working table in the embodiment;

7 is a front side view of the assembly of the bed column and the machine bed in the embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a rear side view of the assembly of the bed column and the machine bed in the embodiment.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the accompanying drawings.

The turning plate horizontal five-axis machining center of the embodiment, as shown in the figure, includes a worktable support mechanism 1, a worktable 2, a worktable base 20, a worktable turning mechanism, a machine bed 4, a bed column 5, and a sliding saddle. 61. Ram 62, AC swing head 63, chain chip conveyor 71, iron scrap truck 72 and water tank 73, worktable support mechanism 1 is a left-right symmetrical back-shaped frame structure, bed column 5, slide saddle 61, The ram 62 and the AC swing head 63 are both left and right symmetrical structures. The workbench support mechanism 1 is provided with a workbench positioning and clamping mechanism, the workbench 2 is placed horizontally on the workbench base 20, and the workbench base 20 is installed on the workbench. On the front side of the support mechanism 1 (in practical applications, the worktable base 20 can be adjusted to the corresponding base form according to whether the worktable needs to be exchanged), the worktable turning mechanism is installed on the worktable support mechanism 1, and the worktable support mechanism 1 The rear end is fixed with two bottom connecting bodies 10, the machine bed 4 is fixed on the two bottom connecting bodies 10, and the lower end of the bed column 5 is slidably installed on the machine bed 4 along the X direction of the machine tool through the X-direction main drive mechanism The upper end of the bed column 5 is slidably installed on the top of the table support mechanism 1 along the X direction of the machine tool through the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism, and the sliding saddle 61 is slidably installed on the bed body along the Y-direction of the machine tool through the Y-direction drive mechanism. In the middle of the column 5, the ram 62 is slidably mounted on the saddle 61 along the Z direction of the machine tool through the Z-direction drive mechanism, the AC swing head 63 is mounted on the ram 62, and the chain chip conveyor 71 is mounted on the two bottoms. Above the body 10 and below the AC swing head 63, the scrap truck 72 and the water tank 73 are respectively installed on the ground.

In this embodiment, the worktable support mechanism 1 includes a support top beam 11, a positioning top beam 12, a positioning base 13, a left support column 14, a right support column 15 and a support base 16, and the left support column 14 and the right support column 15 are upright respectively Installed on the top of both ends of the support base 16, the support top beam 11 is installed across the top of the left support column 14 and the right support column 15, the positioning top beam 12 is installed at the bottom of the support top beam 11, and the positioning base 13 is installed on the support base On the top of 16, the positioning top beam 12 and the positioning base 13 are arranged at intervals up and down, the worktable flipping mechanism includes two flipping units 3, the two flipping units 3 are symmetrically installed on the support base 16, and the worktable base 20 is located in the two flipping units. 3, the two bottom connecting bodies 10 are fixed on the rear end of the support base 16, and the upper end of the bed column 5 is slidably installed on the support top beam 11 along the X direction of the machine tool through the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism.

In this embodiment, two worktable grabbing units are installed on each inversion unit 3 , and each inversion unit 3 includes a servo motor 31 , a reducer 32 , a lead screw 33 , a nut 34 , a connecting rod 35 , and a support arm 36 and the base 37; the servo motor 31 is installed at one end of the support arm 36, the other end of the support arm 36 is rotatably connected to the base 37 through the first bearing 38, the reducer 32 is installed at the output end of the servo motor 31, the lead screw One end of 33 is connected with the reducer 32, the other end of the lead screw 33 is mounted on the support arm 36, the screw nut 34 is threaded on the lead screw 33, and one end of the connecting rod 35 is rotatably connected to the screw nut 34 through the second bearing 39. The other end of the connecting rod 35 is rotatably connected with the base 37 through the third bearing 30, and the base 37 is fixed on the support base 16; The arm guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the lead screw 33 , and a slider (not shown in the figure) is installed on the screw nut 34 , and the slider is slidably installed on the support arm guide rail. Each worktable grabbing unit includes a grabbing oil cylinder (not shown in the figure) installed on the support arm 36 , and a positioning support column 81 is installed at the output end of each grabbing oil cylinder. The left and right sides of the worktable 2 Positioning blocks 21 corresponding to each positioning support column 81 are fixed respectively, and each positioning block 21 is provided with a positioning hole 22. During the overturning process of the worktable 2, the four worktable grabbing units grab the worktable 2. , each positioning support column 81 is inserted into a positioning hole 22 .

In this embodiment, the worktable positioning and clamping mechanism includes two worktable rough positioning units, a worktable fine positioning unit and a plurality of worktable positioning and clamping units, and the two worktable rough positioning units are symmetrically installed on the left support column. 14 and the right support column 15, each worktable coarse positioning unit includes a coarse positioning oil cylinder (not shown in the figure), and the output end of each coarse positioning oil cylinder is installed with a coarse positioning pin 82; the worktable fine positioning unit is installed on the left On the support column 14, the workbench fine positioning unit includes a fine positioning oil cylinder (not shown in the figure), the output end of the fine positioning oil cylinder is installed with a fine positioning pin 83; the positioning top beam 12 and the positioning base 13 are respectively arranged with three workbenches Positioning and clamping units, each worktable positioning and clamping unit includes a positioning and clamping oil cylinder 84, the output end of each positioning and clamping oil cylinder 84 is axially connected with a pressing block 85, and the cylinder body of each positioning and clamping oil cylinder 84 has a corresponding axis Connected with two left-right symmetrical connecting plates 86, the front ends of the two connecting plates 86 are respectively connected with the middle and upper parts of the pressing block 85, the pressing block 85 is located between the two connecting plates 86, the top side and the bottom side of the workbench 2 The limit blocks 23 corresponding to each pressing block 85 are fixed respectively. When the worktable 2 is turned to a vertical state and is positioned and clamped, the precise positioning pin 83 is pressed against the left side of the worktable 2. Each pressing block 85 Press a limit block 23.

In this embodiment, the X-direction main drive mechanism includes two X-direction main drive units, and the two X-direction main drive units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the bed column 5 , and each X-direction main drive unit includes an X-direction main drive unit. The main drive motor 91 and the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism, the output end of the X-direction main drive motor 91 is connected to the input end of the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism, and the output end of the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism is connected to the bed column 5 Two first X-direction guide rails 41 are installed symmetrically in the front and rear on the machine bed 4, and the lower end of the bed column 5 is slidably installed on the two first X-direction guide rails 41; The X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism includes two X-direction auxiliary drive units, two X-direction auxiliary drive units are arranged symmetrically at the top of the bed column 5, each X-direction auxiliary drive unit includes an X-direction auxiliary drive motor 92 and a second rack and pinion transmission mechanism. The output end of the auxiliary drive motor 92 is connected with the input end of the second rack and pinion transmission mechanism, and the output end of the second rack and pinion transmission mechanism is connected with the upper end of the bed column 5; The second X-direction guide rail 17, the upper end of the bed column 5 is slidably installed on the two second X-direction guide rails 17; the Y-direction drive mechanism includes two Y-direction drive units, and the two Y-direction drive units are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides. On both sides of the bed column 5, each Y-direction drive unit includes a Y-direction drive motor 93 and a Y-direction screw drive mechanism. The output end of the Y-direction drive motor 93 is connected to the input end of the Y-direction screw drive mechanism. The two sides of the 61 are respectively connected with the nut 94 of the two Y-direction screw transmission mechanisms; Both sides of 61 are slidably installed on two Y-direction guide rails 51 and are located on the inside of the back-shaped frame of the bed column 5, and the middle and lower parts of both sides of the bed column 5 are integrally provided with X-direction widening blocks 52; Z The Z-direction drive mechanism includes a Z-direction drive unit. The Z-direction drive unit is arranged at the bottom of the sliding saddle 61. The Z-direction drive unit includes a Z-direction drive motor 95 and a Z-direction screw drive mechanism. The bottom end of the ram 62 is connected to the Z-direction lead screw. The threaded nut (not shown in the figure) of the transmission mechanism is connected; the saddle 61 has a box-shaped structure, four Z-direction guide rails 64 are symmetrically installed on the four corners of the inner side of the saddle 61, and the ram 62 is slidably installed on the four on the Z-direction guide rail 64 .

The working principle of the above-mentioned turning plate horizontal five-axis machining center is as follows: in the initial state of the workpiece to be clamped, the worktable 2 is placed horizontally on the worktable base 20, and the support arms 36 are closed. After the workpiece is clamped, when the worktable 2 needs to be turned over, the four grabbing cylinders work, and the four positioning support columns 81 are inserted into the four positioning holes 22 respectively to realize the X-direction positioning support for the worktable 2 and grasp the worktable. 2. Then the servo motor 31 works, the servo motor 31 amplifies the torque through the reducer 32, transmits the power to the lead screw 33, drives the lead screw 33 to rotate and pushes the screw nut 34 to move along the support arm guide rail, while the screw nut 34 moves, Push the connecting rod 35 to rotate, so that the center point of the second bearing 39 rotates around the center point of the third bearing 30, and then the rotation of the connecting rod 35 drives the support arm 36 to rotate around the center point of the first bearing 38 until the support arm 36 is completely Open, make the table 2 turn to the vertical position; then the two rough positioning oil cylinders work, the rough positioning pins 82 located on both sides of the table 2 are extended to the table 2, and the table 2 is roughly positioned. At this time, four positioning pins The support column 81 is retracted, and the table turning mechanism is disengaged from the table 2 at this time, and rotates 90 degrees to return to the initial horizontal position; then the fine positioning oil cylinder works, the fine positioning pin 83 extends, and the table 2 is pushed from left to right. , make the worktable 2 close to the right support column 15, after that, multiple positioning and clamping cylinders 84 work simultaneously, and their output ends extend respectively, so that the multiple pressing blocks 85 press the multiple limiting blocks 23 respectively. The position blocks 23 respectively exert relatively large clamping force (in the above-mentioned embodiment, the designed clamping force of the single block pressing block 85 is 4t) to realize the positioning and clamping of the worktable 2, and the machine tool can start the processing operation at this time. After the workpiece is processed, the worktable turning mechanism rotates 90 degrees and rises to a vertical state and grabs the worktable 2 again. , the worktable turning mechanism grabs the worktable 2 and rotates it by 90 degrees again, and brings the worktable 2 back to the worktable base 20 to carry out the disassembly of the processed workpiece and the clamping of the workpiece to be processed in the next round.

During the above-mentioned machining operation of the machine tool, the bed column 5 can slide along the X direction of the machine tool on the machine bed 4 under the simultaneous driving of the four-wheel drive of the X-direction main drive mechanism and the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism; the sliding saddle 61 is in the Y direction. Driven by the drive mechanism, the bed column 5 can slide along the Y direction of the machine tool; the ram 62 is driven by the Z-direction drive mechanism to slide along the Z direction of the machine tool on the saddle 61 . The above-mentioned drive structure combined with the overall symmetrical frame structure of the machine tool can ensure that the machine tool has sufficient rigidity and good dynamic characteristics during the entire processing stroke, so that the spindle can maintain good cutting performance at any position within the stroke range and ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

Claims (10)

1. A horizontal five-axis machining center with a turning plate, it is characterized in that, comprises a workbench support mechanism, a workbench, a workbench base, a workbench turning mechanism, a machine bed, a bed column, a sliding saddle, a ram, AC Swing head, chain chip conveyor, iron scrap truck and water tank, the worktable support mechanism is a left-right symmetrical back-shaped frame structure, and the bed column, the saddle, the ram and the AC swing head are all Left-right symmetrical structure, the worktable support mechanism is installed with a worktable positioning and clamping mechanism, the worktable is placed horizontally on the worktable base, and the worktable base is installed on the worktable On the front side of the table supporting mechanism, the table turning mechanism is installed on the table supporting mechanism, the rear end of the table supporting mechanism is fixed with a number of bottom connecting bodies, and the machine bed is fixed on the On the several bottom connecting bodies, the lower end of the bed column is slidably installed on the machine bed along the X direction of the machine tool through the X-direction main drive mechanism, and the upper end of the bed column is slidable along the X-direction. The auxiliary drive mechanism is slidably installed on the top of the worktable support mechanism along the X direction of the machine tool, and the sliding saddle is slidably installed in the middle of the bed column through the Y-direction drive mechanism along the Y direction of the machine tool, The ram is slidably mounted on the saddle along the Z-direction of the machine tool through the Z-direction drive mechanism, the AC swing head is mounted on the ram, and the chain chip conveyor is mounted on the ram. Above the plurality of bottom connecting bodies and below the AC swing head, the scrap truck and the water tank are respectively installed on the ground. 2 . The horizontal five-axis machining center with a flap according to claim 1 , wherein the worktable support mechanism comprises a support top beam, a positioning top beam, a positioning base, a left support column, and a right support column. 3 . and a support base, the left support column and the right support column are respectively installed upright on the tops of both ends of the support base, and the support top beam is installed across the left support column and the The top of the right support column, the positioning top beam is installed on the bottom of the supporting top beam, the positioning base is installed on the top of the supporting base, the positioning top beam and the positioning The base is arranged at intervals up and down, the worktable turning mechanism includes two turning units, the two turning units are symmetrically installed on the supporting base, and the workbench base is located on the two turning units. In between, the several bottom connecting bodies are fixed on the rear end of the support base, and the upper end of the bed column is slidably installed on the X-direction of the machine tool through the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism. on the support beam. 3 . The horizontal five-axis machining center with a flip plate according to claim 2 , wherein a plurality of worktable grabbing units are installed on each of the flip units, and each of the flip units includes a servo motor. 4 . Motor, reducer, lead screw, nut, connecting rod, support arm and base; the servo motor is installed at one end of the support arm, and the other end of the support arm is connected to the base through The first bearing is rotatably connected, the reducer is installed at the output end of the servo motor, one end of the lead screw is connected to the reducer, and the other end of the lead screw is installed at the On the support arm, the nut is threadedly connected to the lead screw, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the nut through the second bearing, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected. One end is rotatably connected to the base via a third bearing, and the base is fixed on the support base; the support arm is provided with a support arm guide rail, and the support arm guide rail runs along the support arm. The length direction of the lead screw is arranged, the lead nut is provided with a slider, and the slider is slidably mounted on the support arm guide rail. 4 . The horizontal five-axis machining center of claim 3 , wherein each of the worktable grabbing units comprises grabbing oil cylinders mounted on the support arms, and each The output end of the grabbing cylinder is installed with a positioning support column, and the left and right sides of the worktable are respectively fixed with positioning blocks corresponding to each of the positioning support columns one-to-one. A positioning hole is opened on the positioning block. During the turning process of the worktable, when the plurality of worktable grabbing units grab the worktable, each of the positioning support columns is inserted into one of the positioning holes. Inside. 5 . The horizontal five-axis machining center with a flip plate according to claim 3 , wherein the worktable positioning and clamping mechanism comprises two worktable rough positioning units, a worktable fine positioning unit and multiple worktable positioning units. 6 . There are two worktable positioning and clamping units, the two worktable rough positioning units are symmetrically installed on the left support column and the right support column, and each workbench rough positioning unit includes a rough positioning unit. an oil cylinder, a coarse positioning pin is installed at the output end of each of the coarse positioning oil cylinders; the workbench fine positioning unit is installed on the left support column, and the workbench fine positioning unit includes a fine positioning oil cylinder, A precise positioning pin is installed at the output end of the precise positioning oil cylinder; a plurality of the working table positioning and clamping units are respectively arranged on the positioning top beam and the positioning base, and each of the working table positioning The clamping unit includes a positioning and clamping oil cylinder, the output end of each of the positioning and clamping oil cylinders is axially connected with a pressure block, and the cylinder body of each of the positioning and clamping oil cylinders is axially connected with two left-right symmetrical connections. plate, the front ends of the two connecting plates are respectively axially connected with the middle and upper parts of the pressing block, the pressing block is located between the two connecting plates, the top side and the bottom of the working table are A limit block corresponding to each of the pressing blocks is fixed on the side respectively. When the worktable is turned to a vertical state and is positioned and clamped, the precise positioning pin is pressed against the position of the worktable. On the left side, each said pressing block presses one said limiting block. 6 . The horizontal five-axis machining center with a flap according to claim 2 , wherein the X-direction main drive mechanism comprises two X-direction main drive units, and the two X-direction main drive units 6 . The units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the bed column. Each of the X-direction main drive units includes an X-direction main drive motor and a first rack and pinion transmission mechanism. The X-direction main drive motor The output end of the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism is connected with the input end of the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism, and the output end of the first rack and pinion transmission mechanism is connected with the lower end of the bed column; the front and rear of the machine bed Two first X-direction guide rails are installed symmetrically, and the lower end of the bed column is slidably installed on the two first X-direction guide rails. 7 . The horizontal five-axis machining center of a flip-plate according to claim 2 , wherein the X-direction auxiliary drive mechanism comprises two X-direction auxiliary drive units, and the two X-direction auxiliary drive units. 8 . The units are symmetrically arranged at the top of the bed column, each of the X-direction auxiliary drive units includes an X-direction auxiliary drive motor and a second rack-and-pinion transmission mechanism, and the output end of the X-direction auxiliary drive motor It is connected with the input end of the second rack and pinion transmission mechanism, and the output end of the second rack and pinion transmission mechanism is connected with the upper end of the bed column; the supporting top beam is installed symmetrically up and down. There are two second X-direction guide rails, and the upper end of the bed column is slidably installed on the two second X-direction guide rails. 8 . The horizontal five-axis machining center with a flap according to claim 2 , wherein the Y-direction drive mechanism comprises two Y-direction drive units, and the two Y-direction drive units are left-right symmetrical. 9 . Set on both sides of the bed column, each of the Y-direction drive units includes a Y-direction drive motor and a Y-direction screw transmission mechanism, and the output end of the Y-direction drive motor is connected to the Y-direction drive unit. The input ends of the screw drive mechanism are connected, and the two sides of the sliding saddle are respectively connected with the two screw nuts of the Y-direction screw drive mechanism; the bed column is a back-shaped frame structure, and the Two Y-direction guide rails are installed symmetrically on both sides of the bed column, and both sides of the saddle are slidably installed on the two Y-direction guide rails and are located in the back-shaped frame of the bed column. inside. 9 . The horizontal five-axis machining center with a flap according to claim 8 , wherein the middle and lower parts of both sides of the bed column are integrally provided with X-direction widening blocks. 10 . 10 . The horizontal five-axis machining center with a flip plate according to claim 2 , wherein the Z-direction drive mechanism comprises a Z-direction drive unit, and the Z-direction drive unit is arranged on the slide. 11 . The bottom of the saddle, the Z-direction drive unit includes a Z-direction drive motor and a Z-direction screw drive mechanism, and the bottom end of the ram is connected to the screw nut of the Z-direction screw drive mechanism; the The sliding saddle has a box-shaped structure, four Z-direction guide rails are symmetrically installed on the inner four corners of the sliding saddle, and the ram is slidably installed on the four Z-direction guide rails.

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