CN110681723B - Method for calculating pressing amount of thick metal plate flattening process - Google Patents

Method for calculating pressing amount of thick metal plate flattening process Download PDF

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CN110681723B
CN110681723B CN201910889125.7A CN201910889125A CN110681723B CN 110681723 B CN110681723 B CN 110681723B CN 201910889125 A CN201910889125 A CN 201910889125A CN 110681723 B CN110681723 B CN 110681723B
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flattening
deflection
reduction
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flattened part
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桂海莲
邢彤
王荣军
王亚东
楚志兵
李玉贵
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Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种金属厚板压平工艺压下量计算方法，通过扫描压平件的形貌得到压平件的板形曲线方程，从而得到压平机垫块距离以及压平件的原始挠度，结合得到的压下量的计算公式，即可确定压头位置以及压下量，实现一次矫直合格率95％以上，从而提高工作效率，减少压平工艺对人工的依赖，减少操作人员的劳动强度，实现自动化。

Figure 201910889125

The invention discloses a method for calculating the reduction amount in the flattening process of a metal thick plate. The plate shape curve equation of the flattened part is obtained by scanning the topography of the flattened part, so as to obtain the distance of the flattening machine pad and the original value of the flattened part. The deflection, combined with the calculation formula of the obtained reduction, can determine the position of the indenter and the reduction, and achieve a pass rate of more than 95% for one-time straightening, thereby improving work efficiency, reducing the dependence of the flattening process on labor, and reducing the number of operators. the labor intensity and realize automation.

Figure 201910889125

Description

Method for calculating pressing amount of thick metal plate flattening process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure straightening, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the pressing amount of a thick metal plate flattening process.
Background
When the plate shape defect occurs in the production process of the medium plate, the medium plate needs to be finished by means of straightening equipment. When the thickness of the plate is more than 40mm, a roller straightening machine cannot be used for straightening, so that a flattening machine is selected for quick and accurate straightening. However, the existing flattening process has no reasonable model, is basically determined by the experience of operators, has great uncertainty on the bending position and the pressing amount of a pressing head, has no reasonable flattening procedure, needs to repeatedly bend for inexperienced operators for many times, and seriously restricts the working efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a method for calculating the pressing amount of a thick metal plate flattening process, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the pressing amount of a flattening machine, ensure the flattening precision and the quality of the thick plate, and improve the working efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme is as follows:
a method for calculating the pressing amount of a thick metal plate flattening process comprises the following steps:
s1: equation of the plate shape curve of the flattening
Carrying out shape scanning on the thick plate flattening piece, analyzing the original deflection of the flattening piece and the wave height central position of the flattening piece by utilizing scanning information, and obtaining a plate shape curve equation of the flattening piece according to the scanning information of the flattening piece:
Figure GDA0002707908590000011
δ0-the original deflection of the flattening element,
l is the distance between cushion blocks of the flatting machine, and is determined by a plate-shaped curve equation obtained by scanning;
obtaining the distance of a cushion block of a flattening machine and the original deflection of the flattening piece according to a plate-shaped curve equation of the flattening piece;
s2: calculation formula of rolling reduction
In the traditional straightening theory, when elastic deformation is achieved and elastic deflection is equal to reverse bending deflection, the plate is considered to be straightened and flat, namely
δf＝δw (2)
δf-the degree of resilience deflection,
δw-reverse bending deflection;
defining the original curvature ratio: c0＝Ao/AtThe reverse bend ratio: cw＝Aw/At，
Ao-the original curvature of the flattened piece,
Awthe reverse bend ratio after being subjected to the pressure,
At-the elastic limit curvature of the material itself;
wherein the proof curvature is:
Figure GDA0002707908590000021
σtthe limit of elasticity of the material, however,
e-modulus of elasticity of the material,
h-thickness of material;
according to the stress-strain relationship of the thick plate during bending, assuming that the thick plate material is an ideal material, since the thick plate is approximately considered as a rectangular section during flattening, the external force distance to which the thick plate is subjected during bending is as follows:
Figure GDA0002707908590000022
b-the width of the material,
Ht-the elastically strained thickness of the material;
defining a bending moment ratio:
Figure GDA0002707908590000031
Mt-the elastic limit bending moment of the material;
achieve the successful flattening by
Figure GDA0002707908590000032
So equation (5) is converted to:
Cw 3+(2C0-1.5)Cw 2+(C0 2-3C0)Cw-1.5C0 2+0.5＝0 (6)
from equation (6), C can be obtainedwTherefore, the theoretical reduction:
δ1＝δ0+δw＝δ0+Cwδt (7)
δt-the elastic limit deflection of the material;
therefore, the actual rolling reduction of the flatting machine is as follows:
δ2＝αδ1 (8)
alpha is the actual weighting coefficient of the rolling reduction of the flattening machine;
comparing a plurality of groups of rolling reduction values calculated by the formulas (1) to (8) with a set of actual pressing reduction values to obtain a calculation formula of any different original deflection, yield strength of materials and rolling reduction of plate thickness under the same fulcrum:
Figure GDA0002707908590000033
σSthe yield strength of the flattened piece,
h is the thickness of the plate of the flattening piece,
δ0-the original deflection of the flattening element,
α1、α2-a calculated factor in the reduction;
s3: calculation of the reduction
Determination of alpha in equation (9) by the actual applanation value1、α2And calculating the random different original deflection, the yield strength of the material and the reduction of the plate thickness under the same pivot point according to the formula (9).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the shape curve equation of the flattening piece is obtained by scanning the shape of the flattening piece, so that the cushion block distance of the flattening machine and the original deflection of the flattening piece are obtained, the position of the pressing head and the pressing amount can be determined by combining the obtained calculation formula of the pressing amount, the one-time straightening qualification rate is over 95 percent, the working efficiency is improved, the dependence of the flattening process on manpower is reduced, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and automation is realized.
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The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a view of a flatting machine model;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the residual deflection in the width direction after flattening a thick plate having an original deflection of 30 mm.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Examples
A method for calculating the pressing amount of a thick metal plate flattening process comprises the following steps:
s1: equation of the plate shape curve of the flattening
Carrying out shape scanning on the thick plate flattening piece, analyzing the original deflection of the flattening piece and the wave height central position of the flattening piece by utilizing scanning information, and obtaining a plate shape curve equation of the flattening piece according to the scanning information of the flattening piece:
Figure GDA0002707908590000051
δ0-the original deflection of the flattening element,
l is the distance between cushion blocks of the flatting machine, and is determined by a plate-shaped curve equation obtained by scanning;
obtaining the distance of a cushion block of a flattening machine and the original deflection of the flattening piece according to a plate-shaped curve equation of the flattening piece;
s2: calculation formula of rolling reduction
In the traditional straightening theory, when elastic deformation is achieved and elastic deflection is equal to reverse bending deflection, the plate is considered to be straightened and flat, namely
δf＝δw (2)
δf-the degree of resilience deflection,
δw-reverse bending deflection;
defining the original curvature ratio: c0＝Ao/AtThe reverse bend ratio: cw＝Aw/At，
Ao-the original curvature of the flattened piece,
Awthe reverse bend ratio after being subjected to the pressure,
At-the elastic limit curvature of the material itself;
wherein the proof curvature is:
Figure GDA0002707908590000052
σtthe limit of elasticity of the material, however,
e-modulus of elasticity of the material,
h-thickness of material;
according to the stress-strain relationship of the thick plate during bending, assuming that the thick plate material is an ideal material, since the thick plate is approximately considered as a rectangular section during flattening, the external force distance to which the thick plate is subjected during bending is as follows:
Figure GDA0002707908590000061
b-the width of the material,
Ht-the elastically strained thickness of the material;
defining a bending moment ratio:
Figure GDA0002707908590000062
Mt-the elastic limit bending moment of the material;
achieve the successful flattening by
Figure GDA0002707908590000063
So equation (5) is converted to:
Cw 3+(2C0-1.5)Cw 2+(C0 2-3C0)Cw-1.5C0 2+0.5＝0 (6)
from equation (6), C can be obtainedwTherefore, the theoretical reduction:
δ1＝δ0+δw＝δ0+Cwδt (7)
δt-the elastic limit deflection of the material;
therefore, the actual rolling reduction of the flatting machine is as follows:
δ2＝αδ1 (8)
alpha is the actual weighting coefficient of the rolling reduction of the flattening machine;
comparing a plurality of groups of rolling reduction values calculated by the formulas (1) to (8) with a set of actual pressing reduction values to obtain a calculation formula of any different original deflection, yield strength of materials and rolling reduction of plate thickness under the same fulcrum:
Figure GDA0002707908590000064
σSthe yield strength of the flattened piece,
h is the thickness of the plate of the flattening piece,
δ0-the original deflection of the flattening element,
α1、α2-a calculated factor in the reduction;
s3: calculation of the reduction
S304 stainless steel is selected as a material of the flattening machine part, and a laboratory flattening machine is used as a flattening machine model, as shown in figure 1. The thickness of the straightening piece is 90mm, and the distance between cushion blocks of the flatting machine is 3000 mm. The yield strength of the S304 stainless steel is 205MPa, the elastic modulus is 200GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.247.
Two coefficients in equation (9) are determined as follows:
taking thick plates with original deflection of 50mm and 40mm for flattening and straightening, and measuring the rolling reduction of 115mm and 100mm respectively. The coefficient is alpha obtained by the formula (9)1＝28.53，α20.1538. Therefore, the general formula at a fulcrum distance of 3000mm is:
Figure GDA0002707908590000071
in order to verify the universality of the formula, a thick plate with the original deflection of 30mm is taken to be subjected to flattening simulation, the rolling reduction is calculated to be 85mm through the formula (10), and after the simulation is finished, as shown in figure 2, the residual deflection is 2.8mm and is less than 10% of the original deflection, and the flattening is successful.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or combination made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1.一种金属厚板压平工艺压下量计算方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. a metal thick plate flattening process reduction calculation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1：压平件的板形曲线方程S1: The shape curve equation of the flattened part 对厚板压平件进行形貌扫描，利用扫描信息分析出压平件的原始挠度以及压平件的浪高中心位置，根据压平件的扫描信息，得到压平件的板形曲线方程：Scan the topography of the flattened part of the thick plate, and use the scanning information to analyze the original deflection of the flattened part and the center position of the wave height of the flattened part. According to the scanning information of the flattened part, the plate shape curve equation of the flattened part is obtained:
Figure FDA0002707908580000011
Figure FDA0002707908580000011
 δ0——压平件的原始挠度，δ 0 ——the original deflection of the flattened part, L——压平机垫块距离，由扫描得到的板形曲线方程确定；L——The distance between the pads of the flattener, which is determined by the curve equation of the plate shape obtained by scanning; 根据压平件的板形曲线方程得到压平机垫块距离以及压平件的原始挠度；According to the plate shape curve equation of the flattening piece, the distance between the pads of the flattening machine and the original deflection of the flattening piece are obtained; S2：压下量的计算公式S2: Calculation formula of reduction amount 在传统矫直理论中，当达到弹性变形后，弹复挠度等于反弯挠度时即认为板材被矫直平整，即In the traditional straightening theory, when the elastic deformation is reached, the elastic deflection is equal to the reverse bending deflection, the plate is considered to be straightened and flattened, that is, δf＝δw (2)δ f = δ w (2) δf——弹复挠度，δ f ——spring -rebound deflection, δw——反弯挠度；δw ——reflex deflection; 定义原始曲率比：C0＝Ao/At,反弯曲率比：Cw＝Aw/At，Define the original curvature ratio: C 0 =A o /A t , the reverse curvature ratio: C w =A w /A t , Ao——压平件的原始曲率，A o - the original curvature of the flattened part, Aw——受到压力后的反弯曲率，A w - the inverse curvature after being subjected to pressure, At——材料本身的弹性极限曲率；A t ——the elastic limit curvature of the material itself; 其中，弹性极限曲率为：where the elastic limit curvature is:
Figure FDA0002707908580000012
Figure FDA0002707908580000012
 σt——材料的弹性极限，σ t ——the elastic limit of the material, E——材料的弹性模量，E is the elastic modulus of the material, H——材料的厚度；H - the thickness of the material; 根据厚板在弯曲时的应力应变关系，假设厚板材料为理想材料，由于厚板在压平过程中被近似认为是矩形截面，所以厚板在发生弯曲时受到的外力距为：According to the stress-strain relationship of the thick plate during bending, it is assumed that the thick plate material is an ideal material. Since the thick plate is approximately regarded as a rectangular section during the flattening process, the external force distance of the thick plate when it is bent is:
Figure FDA0002707908580000021
Figure FDA0002707908580000021
 B——材料的宽度，B - the width of the material, Ht——材料的发生弹性应变厚度；H t ——the thickness of the material with elastic strain; 定义弯矩比：Define the moment ratio:
Figure FDA0002707908580000022
Figure FDA0002707908580000022
 Mt——材料的弹性极限弯矩；M t ——the elastic limit bending moment of the material; 达到压平成功，有
Figure FDA0002707908580000023
所以把公式(5)转化为：To achieve flattening success, there are
Figure FDA0002707908580000023
So formula (5) is transformed into: Cw 3+(2C0-1.5)Cw 2+(C0 2-3C0)Cw-1.5C0 2+0.5＝0 (6)C w 3 +(2C 0 -1.5)C w 2 +(C 0 2 -3C 0 )C w -1.5C 0 2 +0.5=0 (6) 根据公式(6)，可以得到Cw，所以理论压下量：According to formula (6), C w can be obtained, so the theoretical reduction is: δ1＝δ0+δw＝δ0+Cwδt (7)δ 1 =δ 0 +δ w =δ 0 +C w δ t (7) δt——材料的弹性极限挠度；δ t ——the elastic limit deflection of the material; 所以压平机实际压下量为：Therefore, the actual reduction of the flattener is: δ2＝αδ1 (8)δ 2 =αδ 1 (8) α——压平机压下量实际加权系数；α——The actual weighting coefficient of the reduction amount of the flattener; 将通过公式(1)-(8)计算的多组压下量数值与一套实际压平的压下量数值做对比，得出任意不同原始挠度、材料的屈服强度以及板厚在相同支点下的压下量的计算公式：Comparing multiple sets of reduction values calculated by formulas (1)-(8) with a set of actual flattened reduction values, it is obtained that any different original deflections, material yield strengths and plate thicknesses are under the same fulcrum. The formula for calculating the reduction is:
Figure FDA0002707908580000031
Figure FDA0002707908580000031
 σS——压平件的屈服强度，σ S ——Yield strength of the flattened part, h——压平件的板厚，h——the plate thickness of the flattened part, δ0——压平件的原始挠度，δ 0 ——the original deflection of the flattened part, α1、α2——压下量中的计算系数；α 1 , α 2 ——the calculation coefficient in the reduction; S3：压下量的计算S3: Calculation of reduction amount 通过实际压平数值确定公式(9)中的α1、α2，即可根据公式(9)计算任意不同原始挠度、材料的屈服强度以及板厚在相同支点下的压下量。By determining α 1 and α 2 in formula (9) by the actual flattening value, any different original deflection, yield strength of material and reduction of plate thickness at the same fulcrum can be calculated according to formula (9).
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