CN110681689B - Resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and underground water - Google Patents
Resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and underground water Download PDFInfo
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- CN110681689B CN110681689B CN201911072065.6A CN201911072065A CN110681689B CN 110681689 B CN110681689 B CN 110681689B CN 201911072065 A CN201911072065 A CN 201911072065A CN 110681689 B CN110681689 B CN 110681689B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000026058 directional locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
- B09C1/062—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally by using electrode or resistance heating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and underground water, wherein a plurality of live wire electrodes which are arranged in a regular triangle are also arranged in a repairing field, three live wire electrodes which are arranged in the regular triangle are respectively connected with one phase of three-phase four-wire alternating current, a neutral electrode is arranged at the center of each regular triangle, and the neutral electrode is connected with a zero line of the three-phase four-wire alternating current; and the water injection pipe is integrated in the live wire electrode, and the extraction pipe is integrated in the neutral electrode. The invention provides a neutral electrode, which can increase the current path in the heating area from 3 to 6, so that the heating effect is better and more uniform. The live wire electrode integrates the injection function, the neutral electrode integrates the extraction function, the construction cost is reduced, the integration can realize corresponding functions at the same time point, the live wire electrode and the neutral electrode are matched for use, the energy consumption is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resistance heating thermal desorption device suitable for repairing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and partial SVOCs (semi-volatile organic compounds) polluted soil and underground water.
Background
The in-situ thermal desorption technology is an important technology in the in-situ remediation technology of the polluted soil, and the main principle is that the polluted soil is heated to be above the boiling point of target pollutants in situ, so that the pollutants are promoted to be gasified and volatilized, and the target pollutants are separated from soil particles and removed.
The resistance heating in-situ thermal desorption technology is an in-situ thermal desorption technology which uses current formed between electrodes and generates heat by means of soil resistance to carry out thermal desorption treatment. More typically CN108114970a.
However, in CN108114970a, besides providing both positive/negative electrodes, separate injection wells and extraction wells are required, and the ratio of injection well to electrode well is 1:3 to 1:6, which makes the construction cost too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and underground water, which improves the integration level and reduces the construction cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing contaminated soil and groundwater, arranged in the repair place is used for the water injection pipe of water injection and is used for the extraction pipe of bleeding, its characterized in that: the repair site is provided with a plurality of live wire electrodes which are arranged in a regular triangle, the three live wire electrodes which are arranged in the regular triangle are respectively connected with one phase of three-phase four-wire alternating current, a neutral electrode is arranged at the center of each regular triangle, and the neutral electrodes are connected with the zero lines of the three-phase four-wire alternating current.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: the water injection pipe is integrated in the live wire electrode, and the extraction pipe is integrated in the neutral electrode.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: the temperature monitoring well is further arranged in the repair field, the temperature monitoring well is connected to a monitoring control unit on the ground through signals, the monitoring control unit is connected with an electric control unit through signals, the electric control unit is electrically connected with the live wire electrode and the neutral electrode, and the voltage of each live wire electrode can be adjusted or opened and closed according to the temperature rising condition of the repair field.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: the extraction pipe is connected to the tail gas treatment unit, and the monitoring control unit is also connected to the tail gas treatment unit in a signal mode.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: a pressure monitoring well is also disposed in the repair site, the pressure monitoring well being signally connected to the monitoring control unit.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: the fire wire electrode is a cylinder body made of conductive materials and is vertically arranged, water outlets are respectively arranged at positions, close to the upper end and the lower end, of the fire wire electrode, the water outlets are separated by a partition plate arranged along the horizontal direction, the upper end of the water injection pipe is connected with a water injection unit on the ground, and the lower end of the water injection pipe extends into the fire wire electrode at positions corresponding to the water outlets.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: and the upper end and the lower end of the fire wire electrode are respectively provided with an electric isolation cover.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: the neutral electrode is a cylinder body made of conductive materials, the neutral electrode is arranged vertically, air pumping/injecting ports are arranged at different depth positions of the neutral electrode, the lower end of the extraction pipe is connected with the neutral electrode and communicated with the air pumping/injecting ports, and the upper end of the extraction pipe is connected to an exhaust gas treatment unit on the ground.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: and an electrical isolation cover is arranged at the lower end of the neutral electrode.
The resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and groundwater, wherein: and a stainless steel wire mesh is wrapped outside the neutral electrode.
The advantages of the invention include:
1. The invention provides a neutral electrode, which can increase the current path in the heating area from 3 to 6, so that the heating effect is better and more uniform.
2. The electrode of the invention is a multifunctional electrode, the live wire electrode integrates an injection function, the neutral electrode integrates an extraction function, and the beneficial effects brought by the invention are as follows: (1) no separate additional injection well or extraction well is required; (2) The integration can realize corresponding functions together at the same time point, and can be matched with each other for use, for example, under the action of extraction negative pressure, the diffusion of injected substances is facilitated; (3) Because the electrode well is a multifunctional well, the important strengthening treatment can be carried out on the areas according to the distribution condition of pollutants (the field regulation finds that certain areas are heavy pollution areas) or the distribution condition of thermal fields (for example, the temperature monitoring finds that certain areas have uneven heating effect and low-temperature areas) at different operation stages. (4) Because the electrode wells are multifunctional wells, the electrodes in the areas and the periphery can be selectively opened or closed, or the functions of heating, injecting and extracting can be adjusted according to different sequences, so that the function layout is optimized, the purposes of precisely optimizing the heating, injecting and extracting effects are achieved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
3. Besides the functions of injecting water, adjusting the water content of the soil around the electrodes and keeping the circuit smooth, the live wire electrode well can also be used for injecting functional agents such as oxidants, reducing agents, microbial nutritive salts and the like, so that the integrated coupling of resistance heating and chemical oxidation/reduction or repairing technologies of microorganisms and the like is realized; besides the extraction function, the neutral electrode can also realize the function of air injection so as to regulate the oxygen content in the ground and promote the action of microorganisms, or after repair is finished, the air injection is used for realizing the rapid cooling of the field.
4. Compared with direct current, the invention uses three-phase alternating current as the power source, and the problems of electrode periphery or meta-acid/meta-alkali, ion precipitation and the like caused by ion directional movement are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the live wire electrode.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the neutral electrode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of the live and neutral electrodes.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of soil temperature rise curve.
Fig. 6 is a thermal field profile.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a monitoring control unit; 2-a power control unit; 3-live wire electrode; 4-temperature monitoring well; 5-neutral electrode; 6-a container; 7-an exhaust gas treatment unit; 8-pressure monitoring well; 9-a water injection pipe; 10-a cable; 11-an electrical isolation cover; 12-water outlet; 13-an extraction tube; 14-suction/gas-injection ports.
Detailed Description
Some specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, by way of example and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to true scale.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the invention provides a resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing contaminated soil and underground water, which is mainly characterized in that a plurality of live wire electrodes 3 which are arranged in a regular triangle are arranged in a repairing field (comprising a container 6 filled with the contaminated soil), the three live wire electrodes 3 which are arranged in the regular triangle are respectively connected with one phase of three-phase four-wire alternating current, a neutral electrode 5 is arranged at the center of each regular triangle, the neutral electrode 5 is connected with the zero line of the three-phase four-wire alternating current, thus, current is generated among the three live wire electrodes 3, and a circuit is also generated between each live wire electrode 3 and the neutral electrode 5, so that the number of circuits in the soil is increased, the heating speed is increased (as shown in fig. 5), the heating effect is more uniform (as shown in fig. 6), and the unbalanced three-phase electricity effect can be relieved.
And as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the water injection pipe 9 is integrated in the live wire electrode 3, the extraction pipe 13 is integrated in the neutral electrode 5, the water content of the surrounding soil of the live wire electrode 3 can be adjusted by virtue of water injection, a circuit is kept smooth, water (including original polluted water in the soil) is heated and evaporated, and then extracted by the extraction pipe 13 of the neutral electrode 5, so that VOCs (volatile organic compounds) or SVOCs (semi-volatile organic compounds) generated under the thermal desorption action of the soil can be carried out of the ground, and then enter the tail gas treatment unit 7.
As shown in fig. 1, a temperature monitoring well 4 is further disposed in the repair site and is used for monitoring the temperature of the repair site, the temperature monitoring well 4 is connected to a monitoring control unit 1 on the ground by a signal, the monitoring control unit 1 is further connected to a power control unit 2 by a signal, the power control unit 2 is electrically connected with the live wire electrode 3 and the neutral electrode 5, and the voltage or the on-off of each live wire electrode 3 can be regulated according to the temperature rising condition of the repair site, so that the temperature of the repair site is controlled within a target range. The monitoring control unit 1 is also in signal connection with the tail gas treatment unit 7, so that the power of the tail gas treatment unit 7 is adapted to the temperature of the repair site.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, a pressure monitoring well 8 may be further disposed in the repair site, and is also in signal connection with the monitoring control unit 1, so as to detect the pressure condition in the repair site, and to guide extraction, so as to avoid pollutant escape (preferably intermittent extraction is adopted, and when the pressure reaches a certain limit value, the extraction fan is started, so as to avoid positive pressure generation and make pollutant steam escape).
As shown in fig. 2, the live wire electrode 3 is a cylinder made of conductive material, and is electrically connected with one phase of three-phase four-wire alternating current through a cable 10, and is arranged vertically, and the upper end and the lower end of the live wire electrode are respectively provided with an electrical isolation cover 11 so as to prevent the current from being intensively distributed at the two ends of the live wire electrode 3, so that the current is uniformly distributed on the surface of the live wire electrode 3; water outlets 12 are arranged at different depth positions on the live wire electrode 3, adjacent water outlets 12 are separated by a partition plate 16 arranged along the horizontal direction, the upper end of the water injection pipe 9 is connected with a water injection unit 15 on the ground, and the lower end of the water injection pipe extends into the live wire electrode 3 at positions corresponding to the water outlets 12.
As shown in fig. 3, the neutral electrode 5 is a cylinder made of conductive material, and is electrically connected with the zero line of three-phase four-wire alternating current through a cable 10, and is arranged vertically, and the lower end of the neutral electrode is provided with an electrical isolation cover 11; the air/gas injection ports 14 are arranged at different depth positions of the neutral electrode 5; a stainless steel wire mesh is wrapped outside the neutral electrode 5 and used for blocking broken stones and the like from entering the neutral electrode 5; the lower end of the extraction pipe 13 is connected with the neutral electrode 5 through a flange and is communicated with the air pumping/injecting port 14, and the upper end of the extraction pipe 13 is connected to the tail gas treatment unit 7 on the ground.
Finally summarizing the advantages of the invention are as follows:
1. The invention provides a neutral electrode 5, which can increase the current path in the heating area from 3 to 6, thereby ensuring better and even heating effect.
2. The electrode of the invention is a multifunctional electrode, the live wire electrode 3 integrates an injection function, the neutral electrode 5 integrates an extraction function, and the beneficial effects are that: (1) no separate additional injection well or extraction well is required; (2) The integration can realize corresponding functions together at the same time point, and can be matched with each other for use, for example, under the action of extraction negative pressure, the diffusion of injected substances is facilitated; (3) Because the electrode well is a multifunctional well, the important strengthening treatment can be carried out on the areas according to the distribution condition of pollutants (the field regulation finds that certain areas are heavy pollution areas) or the distribution condition of thermal fields (for example, the temperature monitoring finds that certain areas have uneven heating effect and low-temperature areas) at different operation stages. (4) Because the electrode wells are multifunctional wells, the electrodes in the areas and the periphery can be selectively opened or closed, or the functions of heating, injecting and extracting can be adjusted according to different sequences, so that the function layout is optimized, the purposes of precisely optimizing the heating, injecting and extracting effects are achieved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
3. Besides the functions of injecting water, adjusting the water content of the soil around the electrodes and keeping the circuit smooth, the live wire electrode 3 well can also be used for injecting functional agents such as oxidants, reducing agents, microorganism nutritive salts and the like, so that the integrated coupling of resistance heating and chemical oxidation/reduction or microorganism and other repair technologies is realized; the neutral electrode 5 can realize the function of 'air injection' besides the extraction function so as to regulate the oxygen content in the underground and promote the action of microorganisms, or after repair is finished, the air injection is used for realizing the rapid cooling of the field.
4. Compared with direct current, the invention uses three-phase alternating current as the power source, and the problems of electrode periphery or meta-acid/meta-alkali, ion precipitation and the like caused by ion directional movement are avoided.
The above description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many modifications, variations or equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing contaminated soil and groundwater, arranged in the repair place is used for the water injection pipe of water injection and is used for the extraction pipe of bleeding, its characterized in that: a plurality of live wire electrodes which are arranged in a regular triangle are arranged in the repair field, the three live wire electrodes which are arranged in the regular triangle are respectively connected with one phase of three-phase four-wire alternating current, a neutral electrode is arranged in the center of each regular triangle, and the neutral electrodes are connected with the zero lines of the three-phase four-wire alternating current;
the water injection pipe is integrated in the live wire electrode, and the extraction pipe is integrated in the neutral electrode;
The fire wire electrode is a cylinder body made of conductive materials and is vertically arranged, water outlets are respectively arranged at positions, close to the upper end and the lower end, of the fire wire electrode, the water outlets are separated by a partition plate arranged along the horizontal direction, the upper end of the water injection pipe is connected with a water injection unit on the ground, and the lower end of the water injection pipe extends into the fire wire electrode at positions corresponding to the water outlets;
The neutral electrode is a cylinder body made of conductive materials, the neutral electrode is arranged vertically, air pumping/injecting ports are arranged at different depth positions of the neutral electrode, the lower end of the extraction pipe is connected with the neutral electrode and communicated with the air pumping/injecting ports, and the upper end of the extraction pipe is connected to an exhaust gas treatment unit on the ground.
2. The resistance heating thermal desorption apparatus for restoring contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature monitoring well is further arranged in the repair field, the temperature monitoring well is connected to a monitoring control unit on the ground through signals, the monitoring control unit is connected with an electric control unit through signals, the electric control unit is electrically connected with the live wire electrode and the neutral electrode, and the voltage of each live wire electrode can be adjusted or opened and closed according to the temperature rising condition of the repair field.
3. The resistance heating thermal desorption apparatus for restoring contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 2, wherein: the extraction pipe is connected to the tail gas treatment unit, and the monitoring control unit is also connected to the tail gas treatment unit in a signal mode.
4. The resistance heating thermal desorption apparatus for restoring contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 2, wherein: a pressure monitoring well is also disposed in the repair site, the pressure monitoring well being signally connected to the monitoring control unit.
5. The resistance heating thermal desorption apparatus for restoring contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 1, wherein: and the upper end and the lower end of the fire wire electrode are respectively provided with an electric isolation cover.
6. The resistance heating thermal desorption apparatus for restoring contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 1, wherein: and an electrical isolation cover is arranged at the lower end of the neutral electrode.
7. The resistance heating thermal desorption apparatus for restoring contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 1, wherein: and a stainless steel wire mesh is wrapped outside the neutral electrode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911072065.6A CN110681689B (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and underground water |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911072065.6A CN110681689B (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and underground water |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111687190A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | In-situ resistance heating-microbial degradation coupling technology soil remediation system |
| CN112547782B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-05-13 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | Low-energy-consumption soil organic pollutant in-situ treatment method and system |
| CN114453404B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-04-16 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | Thermal coupling restoration method for polluted site |
| CN114718534B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-09-08 | 陕西省煤田地质集团有限公司 | In-situ pyrolysis system for coupling self-heating and electric heating of oil-rich coal |
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| CN208976494U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-06-14 | 北京工业大学 | The thermal desorption electric system of resistance heating original position |
| CN211100764U (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-07-28 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | Resistance heating thermal desorption device for repairing polluted soil and underground water |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2341937C (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2004-06-22 | Bruce C W Mcgee | Electro-thermal dynamic stripping process |
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| US5449251A (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1995-09-12 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Dynamic underground stripping: steam and electric heating for in situ decontamination of soils and groundwater |
| US5975799A (en) * | 1997-10-06 | 1999-11-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Electro-osmotic infusion for joule heating soil remediation techniques |
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