CN110677179A - Receiving antenna selection method and device and terminal equipment - Google Patents

Receiving antenna selection method and device and terminal equipment Download PDF

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CN110677179A
CN110677179A CN201910954620.1A CN201910954620A CN110677179A CN 110677179 A CN110677179 A CN 110677179A CN 201910954620 A CN201910954620 A CN 201910954620A CN 110677179 A CN110677179 A CN 110677179A
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CN110677179B (en
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苏佳
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Hebei Jianke Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0817—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with multiple receivers and antenna path selection

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Abstract

The invention provides a receiving antenna selection method, a device and terminal equipment, wherein the method is applied to the technical field of wireless communication and comprises the following steps: initializing various parameters selected by the receiving antenna, calculating the norm of the channel transmission matrix, and selecting the receiving antenna according to the maximum and minimum value of the norm of the channel transmission matrix by adopting a bidirectional searching method. The receiving antenna selection method, the receiving antenna selection device and the terminal equipment provided by the invention can reduce the complexity of receiving antenna selection and improve the accuracy of receiving antenna selection.

Description

Receiving antenna selection method and device and terminal equipment
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for selecting a receiving antenna, and a terminal device.
Background
The antenna selection technology is used as an important component of a MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system, and selects different antenna subsets by using different antenna selection algorithms, thereby having different influences on signal transmission and system performance. The existing antenna selection technology comprises a norm selection algorithm, a bidirectional search algorithm and the like, but both the two technologies have certain defects.
The norm selection algorithm is a high system capacity algorithm, and selects the number of the first n selected antennas by calculating the norm of each row or each column of the channel matrix (the row of the channel matrix corresponds to the receiving antenna, and the column corresponds to the transmitting antenna), and arranging the calculated norms in a descending order. The method can enable the selected antenna subset to be better, but because the cyclic iteration is needed when the norm and the sequence are calculated, the complexity of the algorithm is increased along with the increase of the number of the antennas, when the method is applied to a large-scale MIMO system, a larger operation amount can be generated, and the time cost of antenna selection is further improved.
The bidirectional search algorithm is provided based on an increasing selection algorithm and a decreasing selection algorithm, the increasing selection algorithm is used for selecting one antenna in each cycle, the decreasing selection algorithm is used for selecting one antenna, the advantages of the two algorithms are combined, the bidirectional search algorithm is suitable for the condition that the number of selected antennas is large, the algorithm is also suitable for the condition that the number of selected antennas is small, but the selected antenna subset is not optimal, the accuracy is low, and further the system performance is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a receiving antenna selection method, a receiving antenna selection device and terminal equipment, so as to reduce the complexity of receiving antenna selection and improve the accuracy of receiving antenna selection.
In a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a method for selecting a receiving antenna is provided, including:
determining the sequence numbers of all antennas in the receiving antenna set, determining a channel transmission matrix according to a preset channel state, and initializing a first selected antenna set, a second selected antenna set, a candidate antenna set and a candidate norm set into an empty set;
the sequence number of each antenna is used as the row number of a row vector in a channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, and the Euclidean norm and the 1 norm of each row of the channel transmission matrix are respectively calculated to obtain an Euclidean norm set and a 1 norm set;
updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentrated value and the maximum 1 norm in the 1 norm set;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
if the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected, updating the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the minimum Euclidean norm concentration value and the 1 norm with the minimum 1 norm concentration value;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
if the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is not larger than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentration value and the 1 norm with the maximum 1 norm concentration value;
wherein the candidate antenna selection step comprises:
updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum value;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to execute the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm value.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a receiving antenna selection apparatus, including:
the parameter initialization module is used for determining the sequence numbers of all antennas in the receiving antenna set, determining a channel transmission matrix according to a preset channel state, and initializing a first selected antenna set, a second selected antenna set, a candidate antenna set and a candidate norm set into an empty set;
a norm set calculation module, configured to use the sequence number of each antenna as a row number of a row vector in a channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, and calculate an euclidean norm and a 1 norm of each row of the channel transmission matrix respectively to obtain an euclidean norm set and a 1 norm set;
the first updating module is used for updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentration value and the maximum 1 norm in the 1 norm set;
the first judgment module is used for detecting whether the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
a second updating module, configured to update the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the euclidean norm with the smallest euclidean norm and the 1 norm with the smallest 1 norm concentration value if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas to be selected;
the second judgment module is used for detecting whether the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
a loop module, configured to return to performing the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the euclidean norm with the largest euclidean norm and the 1 norm with the largest 1 norm concentration value if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas to be selected;
wherein the candidate antenna selection step comprises:
updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum value;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to execute the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm value.
In a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a terminal device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned receiving antenna selection method when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, where a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned receiving antenna selection method.
The receiving antenna selection method, the receiving antenna selection device and the terminal equipment have the advantages that: on one hand, the embodiment of the invention converts the contribution degree of each antenna to the system capacity into the magnitude of the norm value of the row vector of the channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, screens the receiving antenna based on the norm value of the row vector of the channel transmission matrix, and can ensure that the selection of the receiving antenna is based on the maximum system capacity, thereby improving the accuracy of the selection of the receiving antenna and further improving the system performance; on the other hand, the embodiment of the invention adopts the first selection antenna set and the second selection antenna set to carry out bidirectional search on the receiving antenna, thereby effectively reducing the number of loop iteration times in the searching process of the receiving antenna, further reducing the calculated amount and reducing the time complexity of receiving antenna selection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for selecting a receiving antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for selecting a receiving antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for selecting a receiving antenna according to still another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for selecting a receiving antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving antenna selection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of an application scenario of the method for selecting a receiving antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 7, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a receiving antenna selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 7 is a schematic application scenario of the receiving antenna selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the receiving antenna selection method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the "receiving antenna selection" part in fig. 7. The receiving antenna selection method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: determining the sequence numbers of all antennas in the receiving antenna set, determining a channel transmission matrix according to a preset channel state, and initializing a first selected antenna set, a second selected antenna set, a candidate antenna set and a candidate norm set into an empty set.
In this embodiment, step S101 is configured to initialize each parameter in the receiving antenna selection method, where the initialization includes: determining the sequential number of the antennas, determining a channel transmission matrix, and setting all antenna sets as an empty set.
If the receiving antenna selection method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a large-scale MIMO system, where a transmitting end of the system is equipped with N antennas, a receiving end is equipped with M antennas, and the system has a flat rayleigh fading channel and additive white gaussian noise, then a channel model can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002226871140000061
wherein,
x(k)＝[x1(k)，x2(k)，…，xM(k)]T
s(k)＝[s1(k)，s2(k)，…，sN(k)]T
n(k)＝[n1(k)，n2(k)，…，nM(k)]T
Figure BDA0002226871140000062
wherein x (k) represents k signal samples collected from M receive antennas in dimension M × 1; s (k) represents k signal sampling points collected from N transmitting antennas in N × 1 dimension; [. the]TRepresenting a matrix transposition; esIs the average power used per receive antenna and per channel; n (k) is N for each dimension0Additive white Gaussian noise with energy of/2.
Figure BDA0002226871140000071
The channel transmission matrix is a channel transmission matrix conforming to gaussian distribution, that is, the channel transmission matrix in step S101. Wherein,
Figure BDA0002226871140000072
defining a vector space formed by all M x N complex matrixes, and an element H of the matrixp，q(p-1, … M, q-1 … N) is the coefficient of the channel between the pth receive antenna and the qth transmit antenna.
S102: and taking the sequence number of each antenna as the row number of a row vector in a channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, and respectively calculating the Euclidean norm and the 1 norm of each row of the channel transmission matrix to obtain an Euclidean norm set and a 1 norm set.
In this embodiment, the calculation method of the euclidean norm is:
Figure BDA0002226871140000073
the calculation method of the 1 norm comprises the following steps: | X | non-conducting phosphor1＝|x1|+|x2|+…+|xn|，Wherein x iskIs an element in the vector, | · non-woven phosphor1The vector corresponds to the norm.
In this embodiment, in order to reduce subsequent calculation amount, the calculated euclidean norm and 1 norm may be sorted according to the magnitude of the norm value, so as to obtain the euclidean norm set and 1 norm set arranged according to the magnitude of the norm value.
S103: and updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentrated value and the maximum 1 norm in the 1 norm set.
In this embodiment, if the largest euclidean norm in the set of euclidean norms and the largest 1 norm in the set of 1 norms correspond to the same antenna (i.e., the sequence numbers of the antennas are equal), the antenna is added to the first selected antenna set, and if the largest euclidean norm in the set of euclidean norms and the largest 1 norm in the set of 1 norms do not correspond to the same antenna (i.e., the sequence numbers of the antennas are not equal), the antenna is added to the candidate antenna set.
S104: and detecting whether the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set satisfies the required number of selected antennas, it is determined that the selection of the receiving antennas is completed, and the first selected antenna set is output as the result antenna set.
S105: if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, whether the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected is detected.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set does not satisfy the number of required selected antennas, the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is determined.
S106: if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, the candidate antenna selection step is performed.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas to be selected, the selection of the receiving antennas is performed in the candidate antenna set.
S107: and if the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected, updating the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the minimum Euclidean norm concentration value and the 1 norm with the minimum 1 norm concentration value.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, the second selected antenna set is updated. The updating method comprises the following steps: if the minimum euclidean norm in the set of euclidean norms and the minimum 1 norm in the set of 1 norms correspond to the same antenna (i.e., the serial numbers of the antennas are equal), the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the candidate antenna set are added to the second selected antenna set after the second selected antenna set is set as an empty set. And if the minimum Euclidean norm in the Euclidean norm set and the minimum 1 norm in the 1 norm set do not correspond to the same antenna (namely the sequence numbers of the antennas are not equal), adding the antenna to the candidate antenna set.
S108: and detecting whether the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set satisfies the required number of selected antennas, it is determined that the selection of the receiving antennas is completed, and the second selected antenna set is output as the result antenna set.
S109: if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set does not satisfy the required number of selected antennas, the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is determined.
S110: if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, the candidate antenna selection step is performed.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas to be selected, the selection of the receiving antennas is performed in the candidate antenna set.
S111: and if the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentration value and the 1 norm with the maximum 1 norm concentration value.
In this embodiment, if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, the process returns to step S103.
Wherein the candidate antenna selection step comprises:
and updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm concentration value.
And detecting whether the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set.
And if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to execute the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm value.
As can be seen from the above description, in the embodiment of the present invention, on one hand, the contribution of each antenna to the system capacity is converted into the norm of the row vector of the channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, and the receiving antennas are screened based on the norm of the row vector of the channel transmission matrix, so that the selection of the receiving antennas is based on the maximum system capacity, and thus, the accuracy of the selection of the receiving antennas is improved, and the system performance is improved. On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention adopts the first selection antenna set and the second selection antenna set to carry out bidirectional search on the receiving antenna, thereby effectively reducing the number of loop iteration times in the searching process of the receiving antenna, further reducing the calculated amount and reducing the time complexity of receiving antenna selection.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 together, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a receiving antenna selection method according to another embodiment of the present application. On the basis of the above embodiment, step S103 can be detailed as follows:
s201: and determining the row number m of the row vector corresponding to the European norm with the maximum European norm concentrated value, determining the row number n of the row vector corresponding to the 1 norm with the maximum 1 norm concentrated value, and deleting the 1 norm with the maximum value from the 1 norm set.
S202: and if m and n are not equal, adding the antenna with the sequence number m to the candidate antenna set, adding the Euclidean norm with the largest value to the candidate norm set, deleting the antenna with the sequence number m from the receiving antenna set, and deleting the Euclidean norm with the largest value from the Euclidean norm set.
S203: if m and n are equal, then the antenna with sequence number m is added to the first selected antenna set and the antenna with sequence number m is deleted from the receive antenna set.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3 together, fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for selecting a receiving antenna according to another embodiment of the present application. On the basis of the above embodiment, step S107 can be detailed as follows:
s301: and determining the row number k of the row vector corresponding to the Euclidean norm with the minimum Euclidean norm centralized value, determining the row number p of the row vector corresponding to the 1 norm with the minimum 1 norm centralized value, and deleting the 1 norm with the minimum value from the 1 norm set.
S302: if k and p are not equal, adding the antenna with the sequence number k to the candidate antenna set, adding the Euclidean norm with the minimum value to the candidate norm set, deleting the antenna with the sequence number k from the receiving antenna set, and deleting the Euclidean norm with the minimum value from the Euclidean norm set.
S303: and if k and p are equal, deleting the antennas with the sequence number of k from the receiving antenna set, emptying the second selected antenna set, and adding the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the receiving antenna set to the second selected antenna set.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4 together, fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for selecting a receiving antenna according to another embodiment of the present application. On the basis of the above embodiments, updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the largest candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the smallest candidate norm value may be detailed as follows:
s401: and determining the row number q of the row vector corresponding to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value, adding the antenna with the sequence number q to the first selected antenna set, deleting the candidate norm with the maximum value from the candidate norm set, and deleting the antenna with the sequence number q from the candidate antenna set.
S402: and detecting whether the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set.
S403: and if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, determining the row number r of the row vector corresponding to the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm concentration value, deleting the candidate norm with the minimum value from the candidate norm set, deleting the antennas with the sequence number r from the candidate antenna set, emptying the second selected antenna set, and adding the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the candidate antenna set to the second selected antenna set.
In the present embodiment, when the screening of the receiving antennas is performed in the candidate antenna set, a bidirectional search is also performed to provide screening efficiency.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a receiving antenna selection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which corresponds to the receiving antenna selection method according to the foregoing embodiment. For convenience of explanation, only portions related to the embodiments of the present invention are shown. Referring to fig. 5, the apparatus includes: the system comprises a parameter initialization module 501, a norm set calculation module 502, a first updating module 503, a first judgment module 504, a second updating module 505, a second judgment module 506 and a circulation module 507.
The parameter initialization module 501 is configured to determine sequence numbers of all antennas in the receiving antenna set, determine a channel transmission matrix according to a preset channel state, and initialize the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set to an empty set.
A norm set calculating module 502, configured to use the sequence number of each antenna as a row number of a row vector in a channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, and calculate an euclidean norm and a 1 norm of each row of the channel transmission matrix respectively to obtain an euclidean norm set and a 1 norm set.
A first updating module 503, configured to update the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the maximum euclidean norm of the euclidean norm set and the maximum 1 norm of the 1 norm set.
The first determining module 504 is configured to detect whether the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas to be selected, and output the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas to be selected.
If the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, whether the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected is detected.
If the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, the candidate antenna selection step is performed.
A second updating module 505, configured to update the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the euclidean norm with the smallest euclidean norm and the 1 norm with the smallest 1 norm concentration value if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected.
A second determining module 506, configured to detect whether the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas to be selected, and output the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas to be selected.
If the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected.
If the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, the candidate antenna selection step is performed.
And a loop module 507, configured to return to performing the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the euclidean norm with the largest euclidean norm and the 1 norm with the largest 1 norm concentration value if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected.
Wherein the candidate antenna selection step comprises:
and updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm concentration value.
And detecting whether the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set.
And if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to execute the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm value.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, as a specific implementation manner of the receiving antenna selection apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the first updating module 503 may include:
the first determining unit 531 is configured to determine a row number m of a row vector corresponding to the maximum euclidean norm of the euclidean norm concentration value, determine a row number n of a row vector corresponding to the maximum 1 norm of the 1 norm concentration value, and delete the maximum 1 norm from the 1 norm set.
A first detecting unit 532, configured to add the antenna with the sequence number m to the candidate antenna set, add the largest euclidean norm to the candidate norm set, delete the antenna with the sequence number m from the receiving antenna set, and delete the largest euclidean norm from the euclidean norm set if m and n are not equal.
A second detecting unit 533 configured to add the antenna sequentially numbered m to the first selected antenna set and delete the antenna sequentially numbered m from the receiving antenna set if m and n are equal.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, as a specific implementation manner of the receiving antenna selection apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the second updating module 505 may include:
the second determining unit 551 is configured to determine a row number k of a row vector corresponding to the euclidean norm with the smallest euclidean norm concentration value, determine a row number p of a row vector corresponding to the 1 norm with the smallest 1 norm concentration value, and delete the 1 norm with the smallest value from the 1 norm set.
A third detecting unit 552, configured to add the antenna with the sequence number k to the candidate antenna set, add the euclidean norm with the minimum value to the candidate norm set, delete the antenna with the sequence number k from the receiving antenna set, and delete the euclidean norm with the minimum value from the euclidean norm set if k and p are not equal.
A fourth detecting unit 553, configured to delete the antennas sequentially numbered k from the receiving antenna set if k and p are equal, and add the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the receiving antenna set to the second selected antenna set after emptying the second selected antenna set.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, as a specific implementation manner of the receiving antenna selection apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the receiving antenna selection apparatus may further include a third updating module 508, where the third updating module 508 is configured to update the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the largest candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the smallest candidate norm concentration value, and the third updating module 508 may include:
a third determining unit 581, configured to determine the row number q of the row vector corresponding to the candidate norm with the largest candidate norm concentration value, add the antenna with the sequence number q to the first selected antenna set, delete the candidate norm with the largest value from the candidate norm set, and delete the antenna with the sequence number q from the candidate antenna set.
A fifth detecting unit 582, configured to detect whether the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas to be selected, output the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set.
A sixth detecting unit 583, configured to determine, if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas to be selected, a row number r of a row vector corresponding to a candidate norm with a minimum candidate norm concentration value, delete the candidate norm with the minimum value from the candidate norm set, delete antennas with sequence number r from the candidate antenna set, and add antennas in the first selected antenna set and the candidate antenna set to the second selected antenna set after the second selected antenna set is cleared.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The terminal 600 in the present embodiment shown in fig. 6 may include: one or more processors 601, one or more input devices 602, one or more output devices 603, and one or more memories 604. The processor 601, the input device 602, the output device 603 and the memory 604 are all connected to each other via a communication bus 605. The memory 604 is used to store computer programs, which include program instructions. Processor 601 is operative to execute program instructions stored in memory 604. The processor 601 is configured to call a program instruction to perform the following functions of operating each module/unit in the above device embodiments, for example, the functions of the modules 501 to 508 shown in fig. 5.
It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the Processor 601 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and the Processor may also be other general purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, and the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The input device 602 may include a touch pad, a fingerprint sensor (for collecting fingerprint information of a user and direction information of the fingerprint), a microphone, etc., and the output device 603 may include a display (LCD, etc.), a speaker, etc.
The memory 604 may include both read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor 601. A portion of the memory 604 may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 604 may also store device type information.
In a specific implementation, the processor 601, the input device 602, and the output device 603 described in this embodiment of the present invention may execute the implementation manners described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the receiving antenna selection method provided in this embodiment of the present invention, and may also execute the implementation manner of the terminal described in this embodiment of the present invention, which is not described herein again.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored, where the computer program includes program instructions, and the program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement all or part of the processes in the method of the above embodiments, and may also be implemented by a computer program instructing associated hardware, and the computer program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, may implement the steps of the above methods embodiments. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution media, and the like. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may include any suitable increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media may not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals in accordance with legislation and patent practice.
The computer readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the terminal of any of the foregoing embodiments, for example, a hard disk or a memory of the terminal. The computer readable storage medium may also be an external storage device of the terminal, such as a plug-in hard disk provided on the terminal, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and the like. Further, the computer-readable storage medium may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal. The computer-readable storage medium is used for storing a computer program and other programs and data required by the terminal. The computer-readable storage medium may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of illustrating clearly the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the terminal and the unit described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed terminal and method can be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of a unit is merely a logical division, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be an electric, mechanical or other form of connection.
Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for receiving antenna selection, comprising:
determining the sequence numbers of all antennas in the receiving antenna set, determining a channel transmission matrix according to a preset channel state, and initializing a first selected antenna set, a second selected antenna set, a candidate antenna set and a candidate norm set into an empty set;
the sequence number of each antenna is used as the row number of a row vector in a channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, and the Euclidean norm and the 1 norm of each row of the channel transmission matrix are respectively calculated to obtain an Euclidean norm set and a 1 norm set;
updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentrated value and the maximum 1 norm in the 1 norm set;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
if the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected, updating the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the minimum Euclidean norm concentration value and the 1 norm with the minimum 1 norm concentration value;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
if the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is not larger than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentration value and the 1 norm with the maximum 1 norm concentration value;
wherein the candidate antenna selection step comprises:
updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum value;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to execute the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm value.
2. The receive antenna selection method of claim 1, wherein updating the first set of selected antennas, the set of candidate antennas, and the set of candidate norms according to the largest euclidean norm in the set of euclidean norms and the largest 1 norm in the set of 1 norms comprises:
determining a row number m of a row vector corresponding to the European norm with the largest European norm concentrated value, determining a row number n of a row vector corresponding to the 1 norm with the largest 1 norm concentrated value, and deleting the 1 norm with the largest value from the 1 norm set;
if m and n are not equal, adding the antenna with the sequence number m to the candidate antenna set, adding the Euclidean norm with the largest value to the candidate norm set, deleting the antenna with the sequence number m from the receiving antenna set, and deleting the Euclidean norm with the largest value from the Euclidean norm set;
if m and n are equal, then the antenna with sequence number m is added to the first selected antenna set and the antenna with sequence number m is deleted from the receive antenna set.
3. The receive antenna selection method of claim 1, wherein updating the second set of selected antennas, the set of candidate antennas, and the set of candidate norms based on a minimum set of euclidean norms and a minimum set of 1 norms of a set of 1 norms comprises:
determining a row number k of a row vector corresponding to the Euclidean norm with the minimum Euclidean norm centralized value, determining a row number p of a row vector corresponding to the 1 norm with the minimum 1 norm centralized value, and deleting the 1 norm with the minimum value from the 1 norm set;
if k and p are not equal, adding the antenna with the sequence number of k to the candidate antenna set, adding the Euclidean norm with the minimum value to the candidate norm set, deleting the antenna with the sequence number of k from the receiving antenna set, and deleting the Euclidean norm with the minimum value from the Euclidean norm set;
and if k and p are equal, deleting the antennas with the sequence number of k from the receiving antenna set, emptying the second selected antenna set, and adding the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the receiving antenna set to the second selected antenna set.
4. The receive antenna selection method of claim 1, wherein updating the first set of selected antennas, the second set of selected antennas, the set of candidate antennas, and the set of candidate norms based on the largest candidate norm of the set of candidate norms and the smallest candidate norm comprises:
determining the row number q of a row vector corresponding to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value, adding the antenna with the sequence number q to a first selected antenna set, deleting the candidate norm with the maximum value from the candidate norm set, and deleting the antenna with the sequence number q from the candidate antenna set;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
and if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, determining the row number r of the row vector corresponding to the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm concentration value, deleting the candidate norm with the minimum value from the candidate norm set, deleting the antennas with the sequence number r from the candidate antenna set, emptying the second selected antenna set, and adding the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the candidate antenna set to the second selected antenna set.
5. A receiving antenna selection apparatus, comprising:
the parameter initialization module is used for determining the sequence numbers of all antennas in the receiving antenna set, determining a channel transmission matrix according to a preset channel state, and initializing a first selected antenna set, a second selected antenna set, a candidate antenna set and a candidate norm set into an empty set;
a norm set calculation module, configured to use the sequence number of each antenna as a row number of a row vector in a channel transmission matrix corresponding to the antenna, and calculate an euclidean norm and a 1 norm of each row of the channel transmission matrix respectively to obtain an euclidean norm set and a 1 norm set;
the first updating module is used for updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the Euclidean norm with the maximum Euclidean norm concentration value and the maximum 1 norm in the 1 norm set;
the first judgment module is used for detecting whether the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
a second updating module, configured to update the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the euclidean norm with the smallest euclidean norm and the 1 norm with the smallest 1 norm concentration value if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas to be selected;
the second judgment module is used for detecting whether the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, detecting whether the number of the antennas in the candidate antenna set is greater than the difference between the total number of the antennas and the number of the antennas required to be selected;
if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is larger than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas required to be selected, executing a candidate antenna selection step;
a loop module, configured to return to performing the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set, and the candidate norm set according to the euclidean norm with the largest euclidean norm and the 1 norm with the largest 1 norm concentration value if the number of antennas in the candidate antenna set is not greater than the difference between the total number of antennas and the number of antennas to be selected;
wherein the candidate antenna selection step comprises:
updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum value;
detecting whether the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas required to be selected, and if the number of antennas in the second selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas required to be selected, outputting the second selected antenna set as a result antenna set;
and if the number of the antennas in the second selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, returning to execute the step of updating the first selected antenna set, the second selected antenna set, the candidate antenna set and the candidate norm set according to the candidate norm with the maximum candidate norm concentration value and the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm value.
6. The receive antenna selection apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first update module comprises:
the first determining unit is used for determining the row number m of the row vector corresponding to the Euclidean norm with the largest concentration value of the Euclidean norms, determining the row number n of the row vector corresponding to the 1 norm with the largest concentration value of the 1 norm, and deleting the 1 norm with the largest value from the 1 norm set;
a first detecting unit, configured to add an antenna with a sequence number m to the candidate antenna set, add a maximum euclidean norm to the candidate norm set, delete the antenna with the sequence number m from the receiving antenna set, and delete the maximum euclidean norm from the euclidean norm set, if m and n are not equal to each other;
a second detection unit configured to add the antenna sequentially numbered m to the first selected antenna set and delete the antenna sequentially numbered m from the reception antenna set if m and n are equal.
7. The receive antenna selection apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second update module comprises:
the second determining unit is used for determining the row number k of the row vector corresponding to the Euclidean norm with the minimum Euclidean norm concentrated value, determining the row number p of the row vector corresponding to the 1 norm with the minimum 1 norm concentrated value, and deleting the 1 norm with the minimum value from the 1 norm set;
a third detecting unit, configured to add an antenna with a sequence number of k to the candidate antenna set, add a minimum euclidean norm to the candidate norm set, delete the antenna with the sequence number of k from the receiving antenna set, and delete the minimum euclidean norm from the euclidean norm set if k and p are not equal;
and the fourth detection unit is used for deleting the antennas with the sequence number of k from the receiving antenna set if k and p are equal, and adding the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the receiving antenna set to the second selected antenna set after emptying the second selected antenna set.
8. The receive antenna selection apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a third update module for updating the first set of selected antennas, the second set of selected antennas, the set of candidate antennas, and the set of candidate norms according to a largest candidate norm and a smallest candidate norm of the set of candidate norms, the third update module comprising:
a third determining unit, configured to determine a row number q of a row vector corresponding to a candidate norm with a largest candidate norm concentration value, add an antenna with a sequence number q to the first selected antenna set, delete the candidate norm with the largest value from the candidate norm set, and delete the antenna with the sequence number q from the candidate antenna set;
a fifth detecting unit, configured to detect whether the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of antennas to be selected, and output the first selected antenna set as a result antenna set if the number of antennas in the first selected antenna set is not less than the number of antennas to be selected;
and the sixth detection unit is used for determining the row number r of the row vector corresponding to the candidate norm with the minimum candidate norm concentration value if the number of the antennas in the first selected antenna set is less than the number of the antennas required to be selected, deleting the candidate norm with the minimum value from the candidate norm set, deleting the antennas with the sequence number r from the candidate antenna set, and adding the antennas in the first selected antenna set and the candidate antenna set to the second selected antenna set after the second selected antenna set is emptied.
9. A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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