CN107943756B

CN107943756B - Calculation method and related product

Info

Publication number: CN107943756B
Application number: CN201711362616.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡帅; 刘恩赫; 张尧; 孟小甫
Original assignee: Cambricon Technologies Corp Ltd
Current assignee: Cambricon Technologies Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-15
Filing date: 2017-12-15
Publication date: 2021-03-23
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-15
Also published as: CN107943756A

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an information processing method, which is applied in a computing device, and the computing device comprises: the device comprises a storage medium, a register unit and a matrix calculation unit; the method comprises the following steps: the computing device controls the matrix computing unit to obtain a first operation instruction, wherein the first operation instruction comprises a matrix reading instruction required by executing the instruction; the computing device controls the arithmetic unit to send a reading command to the storage medium according to the matrix reading instruction; and the computing device controls the operation unit to read the matrix corresponding to the matrix reading instruction according to a batch reading mode and execute the first operation instruction on the matrix. The technical scheme provided by the application has the advantages of high calculation speed and high efficiency.

Description

Calculation method and related product

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of data processing technologies, and in particular, to a computing method and a related product.

Background

Data processing is steps or stages which are needed to be carried out by most algorithms, after a computer is introduced into the field of data processing, more and more data processing is realized by the computer, and in the existing algorithms, the speed is low and the efficiency is low when computing equipment carries out matrix data computation.

Content of application

The embodiment of the application provides a computing method and a related product, which can improve the processing speed of a computing device and improve the efficiency.

In a first aspect, a computing method is provided, which is applied in a computing device, where the computing device includes a storage medium, a register unit, and a matrix operation unit, and the method includes:

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to obtain a first operation instruction, the first operation instruction is used for realizing operation between a matrix and a scalar, the first operation instruction comprises a matrix reading instruction required by executing the instruction, the required matrix is at least one matrix, and the at least one matrix is the same in length or different in length;

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to send a reading command to the storage medium according to the matrix reading instruction;

and the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to read the matrix corresponding to the matrix reading instruction from the storage medium in a batch reading mode and execute the first operation instruction on the matrix.

In some possible embodiments, the executing the first operation instruction on the matrix comprises:

and the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to execute the first operation instruction on the matrix by adopting a multi-level pipeline-level computing mode.

In some possible embodiments, each pipeline stage in the multiple pipeline stages includes a preset fixed operator, and the fixed operators in each pipeline stage are different;

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to adopt a multi-level pipeline computing mode, and the executing of the first operation instruction on the matrix comprises the following steps:

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to calculate the network topology according to the first operation instruction, and utilizes the Kth₁The selection arithmetic unit in the stage-flow-line stage calculates the matrix to obtain a first result, and then inputs the first result to the Kth₂The selection arithmetic unit in the stage-pipeline stage executes calculation to obtain a second result, and so on until the (i-1) th result is input into the Kth result_jThe selection arithmetic unit in the stage pipeline stage executes calculation to obtain the ith result; inputting the ith result into the storage medium for storage;

wherein, K_jBelongs to any one of i pipeline stages, j is less than or equal to i, j and i are positive integers, the number i of the multiple pipeline stages and the selected execution sequence K of the multiple pipeline stages_jAnd the K th_jAnd the selection arithmetic units in the stage pipeline stages are determined according to the calculation topological structure of the first operation instruction, and the selection arithmetic units are arithmetic units in the fixed arithmetic units.

In some possible embodiments, the number of fixed operators and the number of fixed operators included in each of the multiple pipeline stages are custom set by a user side or the computing device side.

In some possible embodiments, the operators in each of the multiple pipeline stages comprise any one or a combination of more of: a matrix addition operator, a matrix multiplication operator, a matrix scalar multiplication operator, a nonlinear operator, and a matrix comparison operator.

In some possible embodiments, the first operation instruction comprises any one of: the first operational instruction comprises any one of: the matrix evaluation method comprises a matrix determinant instruction MDET, a matrix rank instruction MRANK, a matrix trace instruction MTRA, a matrix zero element proportion instruction MNZ and a matrix main characteristic value instruction MEVA.

In some possible embodiments, the instruction format of the first operation instruction includes an operation code and at least one operation field, the operation code is used for indicating the function of the operation instruction, the operation unit may perform different matrix operations by identifying the operation code, and the operation field is used for indicating data information of the operation instruction, where the data information may be an immediate number or a register number, for example, when a matrix is to be obtained, a matrix start address and a matrix length may be obtained in a corresponding register according to the register number, and then a matrix stored at a corresponding address is obtained in the storage medium according to the matrix start address and the matrix length. Optionally, any one or combination of more of the following information may be obtained in the respective registers: the instruction requires the number of rows, columns, data type, identification, memory address (head address), and length of dimension of the matrix, which refers to the length of the matrix rows and/or the length of the matrix columns.

In some possible embodiments, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix determinant instruction MDET,

the computing device controls the matrix arithmetic unit to input the matrix to a matrix comparison arithmetic unit in a second-level pipeline stage to perform sequence inverse number operation on the matrix to obtain a first result, inputs the first result to a matrix multiplication arithmetic unit in a first-level pipeline stage to perform multiplication operation of all sequences on the first result to obtain a second result, and inputs the second result to a matrix addition arithmetic unit in the second-level pipeline stage to perform summation operation of all sequences on the second result to obtain a third result; and inputting the third result to the storage medium for storage.

In some possible embodiments, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix rank instruction MRANK,

the computing device controls the matrix arithmetic unit to input the matrix to a matrix addition arithmetic unit in a second-level flow level to perform initial row transformation to obtain a first result, and inputs the first result to a matrix comparison arithmetic unit in the second-level flow level to perform non-zero row counting to obtain a second result; and inputting the second result into the storage medium for storage, wherein the second result is the rank of the matrix.

In some possible embodiments, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix trace seeking instruction MTRA,

the computing device controls the matrix arithmetic unit to input the matrix to a matrix comparison arithmetic unit in a second-level pipeline stage to perform calculation of selected diagonal elements to obtain a first result, and inputs the first result to a matrix addition arithmetic unit in the second-level pipeline stage to perform matrix diagonal element summation to obtain a second result; and inputting the second result to the storage medium for storage.

In some possible embodiments, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix zero-element proportion instruction MNZ,

the computing device controls the matrix arithmetic unit to input the matrix to a matrix comparison arithmetic unit in a second-level pipeline stage for zero element selection calculation to obtain a first result, inputs the first result to a matrix addition arithmetic unit in the second-level pipeline stage for matrix zero element number statistics to obtain a second result, and inputs the second result to a matrix multiplication arithmetic unit in the first-level pipeline stage for matrix zero element proportion calculation to obtain a third result; and inputting the third result to the storage medium for storage.

In some possible embodiments, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix main eigenvalue calculation instruction MEVA,

the computing device controls the matrix arithmetic unit to input the matrix to a matrix addition arithmetic unit in a second-level pipeline stage for normalization to obtain a first result, inputs the first result to the matrix addition arithmetic unit in the second-level pipeline stage to perform normalization again to obtain a second result, and inputs the second result to a matrix multiplication arithmetic unit in the first-level pipeline stage for calculation of a main characteristic value to obtain a third result; and inputting the third result to the storage medium for storage.

In some possible embodiments, the matrix read indication comprises: the memory address of the matrix required by the instruction or the identification of the matrix required by the instruction.

In some possible embodiments, when the matrix read indicates the identity of the matrix required by the instruction,

the control of the matrix arithmetic unit by the computing device to send a read command to the storage medium according to the matrix read instruction comprises:

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to read the storage address corresponding to the identifier from the register unit in a unit reading mode according to the identifier;

and the computing device controls the matrix arithmetic unit to send a reading command for reading the storage address to the storage medium and acquires the matrix in a batch reading mode.

In some possible embodiments, the computing device further comprises: a cache unit, the method further comprising:

the computing device caches operation instructions to be executed in the cache unit.

In some possible embodiments, before the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to obtain the first operation instruction, the method further comprises:

the computing device determines whether the first operation instruction is associated with a second operation instruction before the first operation instruction, if so, the first operation instruction is cached in the cache unit, and after the second operation instruction is executed, the first operation instruction is extracted from the cache unit and transmitted to the operation unit;

the determining whether the first operation instruction and a second operation instruction before the first operation instruction have an association relationship includes:

extracting a first storage address interval of a matrix required in the first operation instruction according to the first operation instruction, extracting a second storage address interval of the matrix required in the second operation instruction according to the second operation instruction, determining that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction have an association relationship if the first storage address interval and the second storage address interval have an overlapped area, and determining that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction do not have an association relationship if the first storage address interval and the second storage address interval do not have an overlapped area.

In a second aspect, a computing device is provided, comprising functional units for performing the method of the first aspect described above.

In a third aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program for electronic data exchange, wherein the computer program causes a computer to perform the method provided in the first aspect.

In a fourth aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being operable to cause a computer to perform the method provided by the first aspect.

In a fifth aspect, there is provided a chip comprising a computing device as provided in the second aspect above.

In a sixth aspect, a chip packaging structure is provided, which includes the chip provided in the fifth aspect.

In a seventh aspect, a board is provided, where the board includes the chip packaging structure provided in the sixth aspect.

In an eighth aspect, an electronic device is provided, which includes the board card provided in the seventh aspect.

In some embodiments, the electronic device comprises a data processing apparatus, a robot, a computer, a printer, a scanner, a tablet, a smart terminal, a cell phone, a tachograph, a navigator, a sensor, a camera, a server, a cloud server, a camera, a camcorder, a projector, a watch, a headset, a mobile storage, a wearable device, a vehicle, a household appliance, and/or a medical device.

In some embodiments, the vehicle comprises an aircraft, a ship, and/or a vehicle; the household appliances comprise a television, an air conditioner, a microwave oven, a refrigerator, an electric cooker, a humidifier, a washing machine, an electric lamp, a gas stove and a range hood; the medical equipment comprises a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, a B-ultrasonic apparatus and/or an electrocardiograph.

The embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:

it can be seen that, through the embodiments of the present application, the computing apparatus is provided with the register unit and the storage medium, which are respectively used for storing scalar data and matrix data, and the present application allocates a unit reading mode and a batch reading mode to the two memories, and allocates a data reading mode matching the characteristics of the matrix data by the characteristics of the matrix data, so that the bandwidth can be well utilized, and the influence of the bottleneck of the bandwidth on the matrix computing speed is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an arithmetic unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a pipeline stage according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pipeline stage according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6A and fig. 6B are schematic diagrams of formats of two instruction sets provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another computing device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a computing device executing a matrix trace-finding instruction according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc. in the description and claims of this application and in the accompanying drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

The matrix referred to in the present application may be specifically an m × N matrix, where m and N are integers greater than or equal to 1, and when m or N is 1, it may be represented as a 1 × N matrix or an m × 1 matrix, and may also be referred to as a vector; when m and n are both 1, it can be regarded as a special matrix of 1 x 1. The matrix can be any one of the three types of matrices, which is not described in detail below.

The embodiment of the application provides a computing method which can be applied to a computing device. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible computing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The computing device shown in fig. 1 includes:

storage medium 201 for storing a matrix. The storage medium can be a high-speed temporary storage memory which can support matrix data with different lengths; the application temporarily stores necessary calculation data on a scratch pad Memory (Scratcchpad Memory), so that the arithmetic device can more flexibly and effectively support data with different lengths in the matrix operation process. The storage medium may also be an off-chip database, a database or other medium capable of storage, etc.

Register unit 202 to store scalar data, wherein the scalar data includes, but is not limited to: the matrix data (also referred to herein as a matrix) is a scalar when the matrix and the scalar are operated on at the memory address of the storage medium 201. In one embodiment, the register unit may be a scalar register file that provides scalar registers needed during operations, the scalar registers storing not only matrix addresses, but also scalar data. It should be understood that the matrix address (i.e., the memory address of the matrix, such as the first address) is also a scalar. When the operation of matrix and scalar is involved, the operation unit needs to obtain not only the matrix address from the register unit, but also the corresponding scalar from the register unit, such as the row number and column number of the matrix, the type of matrix data (also may be referred to as data type), the length of matrix dimension (specifically, the length of matrix row, length of matrix column, etc.).

The arithmetic unit 203 (also referred to as a matrix arithmetic unit 203 in this application) is configured to obtain and execute a first arithmetic instruction. As shown in fig. 2, the arithmetic unit includes a plurality of arithmetic units, which include but are not limited to: a matrix addition operator 2031, a matrix multiplication operator 2032, a size comparison operator 2033 (which may also be a matrix comparison operator), a nonlinear operator 2034, and a matrix scalar multiplication operator 2035.

The method, as shown in fig. 3, includes the following steps:

step S301, the operation unit 203 obtains a first operation instruction, where the first operation instruction is used to implement operation of a matrix and a scalar, and the first operation instruction includes: the matrix read indication required to execute the instruction.

In step S301, the matrix read instruction required for executing the instruction may be various types, for example, in an optional technical solution of the present application, the matrix read instruction required for executing the instruction may be a storage address of a required matrix. For another example, in another optional technical solution of the present application, the matrix reading indication required for executing the instruction may be an identifier of a required matrix, and the identifier may be represented in various forms, for example, a name of the matrix, an identification number of the matrix, and further, for example, a register number or a storage address of the matrix in a register unit.

The matrix read instruction required for executing the first operation instruction is described below by using a practical example, where the matrix operation formula is assumed to be f (x) ═ a + B, where A, B are all matrices. Then the first operation instruction may carry the memory address of the matrix required by the matrix operation formula, specifically, for example, the memory address of a is 0000-0FFF, and the memory address of B is 1000-1FFF, in addition to the matrix operation formula. As another example, the identities of a and B may be carried, for example, the identity of a is 0101 and the identity of B is 1010.

In step S302, the arithmetic unit 203 sends a read command to the storage medium 201 according to the matrix read instruction.

The implementation method of the step S302 may specifically be:

if the matrix reading instruction can be a storage address of a required matrix, the arithmetic unit 203 sends a reading command for reading the storage address to the storage medium 201 and acquires a corresponding matrix in a batch reading manner.

If the matrix reading instruction can be the identifier of the required matrix, the arithmetic unit 203 reads the storage address corresponding to the identifier from the register unit by using a unit reading method according to the identifier, and then the arithmetic unit 203 sends the reading command for reading the storage address to the storage medium 201 and obtains the corresponding matrix by using a batch reading method.

The single reading mode may be specifically that data of a unit is read each time, that is, 1bit data. The reason why the unit reading mode, i.e., the 1-bit reading mode, is provided at this time is that, for scalar data, the occupied capacity is very small, and if the batch data reading mode is adopted, the read data amount is easily larger than the required data capacity, which may cause waste of bandwidth, so that the unit reading mode is adopted for reading scalar data to reduce the waste of bandwidth.

Step S303, the operation unit 203 reads the matrix corresponding to the instruction in a batch reading manner, and executes the first operation instruction on the matrix.

The batch reading mode in step S303 may specifically be that each reading is performed on data of multiple bits, for example, the number of bits of the data read each time is 16 bits, 32 bits, or 64 bits, that is, the data read each time is data of a fixed number of bits regardless of the required data amount, and this batch reading mode is very suitable for reading large data.

The technical scheme's that this application provided calculating device has been provided with the storage medium of register unit, it stores scalar data and matrix data respectively, and this application has been allocated unit reading mode and batch reading mode for two kinds of memory, through the data reading mode of the characteristic distribution matching to matrix data, the utilization bandwidth that can be fine, avoid because the bottleneck of bandwidth is to the influence of matrix computational rate, in addition, to the register unit, because its storage be scalar data, the reading mode of scalar data has been set up, the utilization ratio of bandwidth has been improved, so the technical scheme that this application provides can be fine utilizes the bandwidth, avoid the influence of bandwidth to computational rate, so it has the advantage that computational rate is fast, high efficiency.

Optionally, the executing the first operation instruction on the matrix may specifically be:

the operation unit 203 may be implemented by a multi-stage pipeline stage, where the multi-stage pipeline stage may be set in advance by a user or the computing device, that is, it is designed fixedly. For example, the computing device described herein is designed with i-level pipeline stages. The following are specific embodiments:

the arithmetic unit can select and utilize the Kth arithmetic network topology according to the first arithmetic instruction₁The selection arithmetic unit in the stage pipeline stage executes calculation on the matrix to obtain a first result, and then the K-th result is selected and utilized₂The selection arithmetic unit in the stage-pipeline stage executes calculation on the first result to obtain a second result, and the rest is done in the same way, and the Kth result is selected_jAnd the selection arithmetic unit in the stage pipeline stage executes calculation on the (i-1) th result to obtain an ith result until the operation of the first operation instruction is completed. Here, the ith result is an output result (specifically, an output matrix). Further, the arithmetic unit 203 may store the output result to the storage medium 201.

The number i of the multi-stage pipeline stages, and the execution order of the multi-stage pipeline stages (i.e., selection K)_jA pipelined stage) and the Kth_jThe selection arithmetic units in the stage pipeline stages are determined according to the calculation topology of the first operation instruction, and i is a positive integer. Typically, i ═ 3. A respective operator may be provided in each pipeline stage, including, but not limited to, any one or combination of: matrix addition operators, matrix scalar multiplication operators, non-linear operators, matrix comparison operators, and other matrix operators. That is, the number of fixed operators and fixed operators included in each pipeline stage may be set by a user side or the computing device side in a self-defined manner, and is not limited.

It should be understood that in the above-mentioned computing device in the present application, the Kth execution is selected each time₁、K₂…K_jThe pipeline stages and the selection operators in the pipeline stages can be selected repeatedly, i.e. the execution times of each pipeline stage are not limited. The first operation instruction is taken as a matrix trace-finding instruction as an example, and the details will be described later.

In specific implementation, fig. 4 shows an architecture diagram of a pipeline stage. As shown in fig. 4, there may be a fully connected bypass design (i.e., the illustrated bypass circuit) between the i-stage pipeline stages, which is used to select a pipeline stage and an operator (i.e., a selection operator in the present application) in the pipeline stage that are currently required to be used according to the computing network topology corresponding to the first operation instruction. Optionally, the method is also used for data transmission among multiple pipeline stages, for example, an output result of a third-stage pipeline stage is forwarded to a first-stage pipeline stage as an input, an original input may be an input of any one of the three-stage pipeline stages, an output of any one of the three-stage pipeline stages may be a final output of the arithmetic unit, and the like.

Taking i as 3, three-stage pipeline as an example, the arithmetic unit may select the execution order of the pipeline stage and the arithmetic units (which may also be referred to as arithmetic units) required to be used in the pipeline stage through the bypass circuit. Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of the operation of a pipeline stage. Accordingly, the arithmetic unit performs a first pipeline stage calculation on the matrix to obtain a first result, (optionally) inputs the first result to the second pipeline stage to perform a second pipeline stage calculation to obtain a second result, (optionally) inputs the second result to the third pipeline stage to perform a third pipeline stage calculation to obtain a third result, and (optionally) stores the third result in the storage medium 201.

The first effluent stage includes, but is not limited to: matrix multiplication operators, etc.

The second pipeline stage includes but is not limited to: matrix addition operators, magnitude comparison operators, and the like.

Such third effluent stages include, but are not limited to: non-linear operators, matrix scalar multiplication operators, and the like.

For the calculation of the matrix, for example, when a general-purpose processor is used for calculation, the calculation steps may specifically be that the processor performs calculation on the matrix to obtain a first result, then stores the first result in the memory, reads the first result from the memory to perform second calculation to obtain a second result, then stores the second result in the memory, reads the second result from the memory to perform third calculation to obtain a third result, and then stores the third result in the memory. It can be seen from the above calculation steps that when the general-purpose processor performs matrix calculation, it does not perform calculation at the split water level, and then the calculated data needs to be stored after each calculation, and needs to be read again when performing the next calculation, so this scheme needs to repeatedly store and read data many times.

In another embodiment of the present application, the flow components may be freely combined or one stage of flow stages may be adopted. For example, the second pipeline stage may be merged with the third pipeline stage, or both the first and second pipelines and the third pipeline may be merged, or each pipeline stage may be responsible for different operations. For example, the first stage pipeline is responsible for comparison operations, partial multiplication operations, the second stage pipeline is responsible for combinations of nonlinear operations and matrix scalar multiplication, etc. That is, the i pipeline stages designed in the present application support parallel connection, serial connection, and combination of any multiple pipeline stages to form different permutation and combination, which is not limited in the present application.

It should be noted that, the arithmetic unit in each pipeline stage in the computing apparatus is set by self-definition in advance, and once it is determined that the arithmetic unit cannot be changed; i.e. the i-stage pipeline stage can be designed as any permutation and combination of the arithmetic units, and once the i-stage pipeline stage is driven, the i-stage pipeline stage is not changed, different arithmetic instructions can be designed into different i-stage pipeline stage devices. Wherein the computing device may adaptively increase/decrease the number of pipeline stages as required by a particular instruction. Finally, pipeline devices designed for different instructions may be combined together to form the computing device.

By adopting the computing device (namely the arithmetic unit/arithmetic part in each level of the pipeline is designed and fixed), the following beneficial effects are achieved: besides improving the bandwidth, no extra selection signal judgment overhead exists, the same operation component overlapping and redundancy do not exist between different pipeline stages, the reusability is high, and the area is small.

Optionally, the computing device may further include: the cache unit 204 is configured to cache the first operation instruction. When an instruction is executed, if the instruction is the earliest instruction in the uncommitted instructions in the instruction cache unit, the instruction is back-committed, and once the instruction is committed, the change of the device state caused by the operation of the instruction cannot be cancelled. In one embodiment, the instruction cache unit may be a reorder cache.

Optionally, before step S301, the method may further include:

and determining whether the first operation instruction is associated with a second operation instruction before the first operation instruction, if so, extracting the first operation instruction from the cache unit and transmitting the first operation instruction to the operation unit 203 after the second operation instruction is completely executed. If the first operation instruction is not related to the instruction before the first operation instruction, the first operation instruction is directly transmitted to the operation unit.

The specific implementation method for determining whether the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction before the first operation instruction have an association relationship may be:

and extracting a first storage address interval of a required matrix in the first operation instruction according to the first operation instruction, extracting a second storage address interval of the required matrix in the second operation instruction according to the second operation instruction, and determining that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction have an incidence relation if the first storage address interval and the second storage address interval have an overlapped area. And if the first storage address interval and the second storage address interval are not overlapped, determining that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction do not have an association relation.

In the storage area section, an overlapped area appears to indicate that the first operation command and the second operation command access the same matrix, and for the matrix, because the storage space is relatively large, for example, the same storage area is used as a condition for judging whether the matrix is in the association relationship, it may happen that the storage area accessed by the second operation command includes the storage area accessed by the first operation command, for example, the second operation command accesses the a matrix storage area, the B matrix storage area and the C matrix storage area, and if the A, B storage area is adjacent or the A, C storage area is adjacent, the storage area accessed by the second operation command is the A, B storage area and the C storage area, or the A, C storage area and the B storage area. In this case, if the storage areas of the a matrix and the D matrix are accessed by the first operation instruction, the storage area of the matrix accessed by the first operation instruction cannot be the same as the storage area of the matrix of the second operation instruction paradigm, and if the same judgment condition is adopted, it is determined that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction are not associated, but practice proves that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction belong to an association relationship at this time, so the present application judges whether the matrix is the association relationship condition by whether there is an overlapping area, and can avoid the misjudgment of the above situation.

The following describes, by way of an actual example, which cases belong to the associative relationship and which cases belong to the non-associative relationship. It is assumed here that the matrices required by the first operation instruction are an a matrix and a D matrix, where the storage area of the a matrix is [ 0001, 0FFF ], the storage area of the D matrix is [ a000, AFFF ], and the matrices required for the second operation instruction are the a matrix, the B matrix, and the C matrix, and the storage areas corresponding to the matrices are [ 0001, 0FFF ], [ 1000, 1FFF ], [ B000, BFFF ], respectively, and for the first operation instruction, the storage areas corresponding to the matrices are: (0001, 0 FFF), (a 000, AFFF), for the second operation instruction, the corresponding storage area is: [ 0001, 1FFF ], [ B000, BFFF ], so that the storage area of the second operation instruction has an overlapping area [ 0001, 0FFF ] with the storage area of the first operation instruction, so that the first operation instruction has an association relationship with the second operation instruction.

It is assumed here that the matrices required by the first operation instruction are an E matrix and a D matrix, where the storage area of the a matrix is [ C000, CFFF ], the storage area of the D matrix is [ a000, AFFF ], and the matrices required for the second operation instruction are the a matrix, the B matrix, and the C matrix, and the storage areas corresponding to the matrices are [ 0001, 0FFF ], [ 1000, 1FFF ], [ B000, BFFF ], respectively, and for the first operation instruction, the storage areas corresponding to the matrices are: for the second operation instruction, the corresponding storage area is: because [ 0001, 1FFF ] and [ B000, BFFF ], the storage area of the second operation instruction does not have an overlapping area with the storage area of the first operation instruction, and the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction have no relationship.

In this application, as shown in fig. 6A, the operation instruction includes an operation code and at least one operation field, where the operation code is used to indicate a function of the operation instruction, and the operation unit can perform different matrix operations by identifying the operation code, and the operation field is used to indicate data information of the operation instruction, where the data information may be an immediate number or a register number, for example, when a matrix is to be obtained, a matrix start address and a matrix length may be obtained in a corresponding register according to the register number, and then a matrix stored in a corresponding address is obtained in a storage medium according to the matrix start address and the matrix length.

That is, the first operation instruction may include: the operation domains and the at least one opcode, for example, a matrix operation instruction, are shown in table 1, where register 0, register 1, register file 2, register 3, and register 4 may be the operation domains. Wherein, each register 0, register 1, register 2, register 3, register 4 is used to identify the number of the register, which may be one or more registers. It should be understood that the number of registers in the opcode is not limited, and each register is used to store data information associated with an operation instruction.

Fig. 6B is a schematic diagram of a format of an instruction set of another instruction (which may be a first operation instruction and may also be referred to as an operation instruction) provided in the present application, where, as shown in fig. 6B, the instruction includes at least two opcodes and at least one operation field, where the at least two opcodes include a first opcode and a second opcode (shown as opcode 1 and opcode 2, respectively). The opcode 1 is used to indicate a type of an instruction (i.e., a certain class of instructions), and may specifically be an IO instruction, a logic instruction, or an operation instruction, etc., and the opcode 2 is used to indicate a function of an instruction (i.e., an interpretation of a specific instruction under the class of instructions), such as a matrix operation instruction in the operation instruction (e.g., a matrix multiplication vector instruction MMUL, a matrix inversion instruction MINV, etc.), a vector operation instruction (e.g., a vector derivation instruction VDIER, etc.), etc., which are not limited in this application.

It should be understood that the format of the instructions may be custom set either on the user side or on the computing device side. The opcode of the instruction may be designed to be a fixed length, such as 8-bit, 16-bit, and so on. The instruction format as shown in fig. 6A has the following advantageous features: the operation code occupies less bits and the design of the decoding system is simple. The instruction format as shown in fig. 6B has the following advantageous features: the length can be increased, the average decoding efficiency is higher, and when the specific instructions are less and the calling frequency is high under a certain class of instructions, the length of a second operation code (namely, operation code 2) is designed to be short, so that the decoding efficiency can be improved; in addition, the readability and the expandability of the instruction can be enhanced, and the encoding structure of the instruction can be optimized.

In the embodiment of the present application, the instruction set includes operation instructions with different functions, which may specifically be:

a matrix rank instruction (MRANK) is used, and according to this instruction, the apparatus fetches matrix data of a set length from a specified address of a memory (preferably, a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file), performs an operation of ranking a matrix in an arithmetic unit, and writes back the result. Preferably, and write the results of the computations back to the specified address of the memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or scalar register file); it is worth noting that the values may be stored in a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file) as a special form of matrix (a matrix with only one row of elements, one column of elements).

A matrix trace finding instruction (MTRA) according to which the apparatus fetches matrix data of a set length from a specified address of a memory (preferably a scratch memory or a scalar register file), performs an operation of finding a trace of a matrix in an arithmetic unit, and writes back the result. Preferably, and write the results of the computations back to the specified address of the memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or scalar register file); it is worth noting that the values may be stored in a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file) as a special form of matrix (a matrix with only one row of elements, one column of elements).

A matrix determinant instruction (MDET) according to which the apparatus fetches matrix data of a set length from a specified address of a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file), performs an operation of a matrix determinant on the matrix in an operation unit, and writes back the result. Preferably, and write the results of the computations back to the specified address of the memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or scalar register file); it is worth noting that the values may be stored in a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file) as a special form of matrix (a matrix with only one row of elements, one column of elements).

The apparatus extracts matrix data of a set length from a specified address of a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file) according to a matrix zero-element-proportion instruction (MNZ), performs an operation of counting the number of zero elements in the matrix in an operation unit, and writes back the result. Preferably, and write the results of the computations back to the specified address of the memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or scalar register file); it is worth noting that the values may be stored in a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file) as a special form of matrix (a matrix with only one row of elements, one column of elements).

A matrix main eigenvalue instruction (MEVA), according to which the apparatus fetches matrix data of a set length from a specified address of a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file), performs an operation of counting the number of zero elements of a matrix in an arithmetic unit, and writes back the result. Preferably, and write the results of the computations back to the specified address of the memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or scalar register file); it is worth noting that the values may be stored in a memory (preferably a scratch pad memory or a scalar register file) as a special form of matrix (a matrix with only one row of elements, one column of elements).

It should be understood that the operation/operation instructions presented herein are primarily intended for operations that solve for scalars that represent matrix properties. Thus, the arithmetic units designed in each pipeline stage include, but are not limited to, any one or combination of more of the following: a matrix addition operator, a matrix multiplication operator, a matrix scalar multiplication operator, a nonlinear operator, and a matrix comparison operator.

The following exemplifies calculation of an operation instruction (i.e., a first operation instruction) according to the present application.

Taking the first operation instruction as a matrix determinant instruction MDET as an example, a given matrix determinant operation is performed. In a specific implementation, a square matrix a is given, and a determinant of the matrix a is calculated according to the following formula.

Wherein j is₁,j₂,...j_nIs an arbitrary arrangement of 1, 2, n. τ (j)₁,j₂,...j_n) Is a sequence j₁,j₂,...j_nThe number of inversions of (c).

Is the n-th row j in the matrix A_nThe elements of the column.

Correspondingly, the instruction format of the matrix determinant instruction is specifically as follows:

in combination with the foregoing embodiment, the operation unit may obtain the matrix determinant instruction MDET, decode the matrix determinant instruction MDET, select, by the bypass circuit, to perform sequence inverse order number calculation on the matrix by using the matrix comparison operator of the second pipeline stage to obtain a first result, then input the first result into the matrix multiplication operator of the first pipeline stage to perform multiplication operation on all the sequences to obtain a second result, and finally input the second result into the matrix addition operator of the second pipeline stage to perform summation calculation on all the sequences to obtain a third result (i.e., an output result). Optionally, the third result is stored in a storage medium.

Taking the first operation instruction as a matrix rank calculation instruction MRANK as an example, calculating the rank of a given matrix. In specific implementation, a matrix A is given, and rank calculation is performed by using row elementary variation.

Correspondingly, the instruction format of the matrix rank instruction MRANK is specifically:

in combination with the foregoing embodiment, the arithmetic unit may obtain the matrix rank-calculating instruction MRANK, decode the matrix rank-calculating instruction MRANK, select, by using the bypass circuit, the matrix adder operator of the second pipeline stage to perform the first-order row transformation on the matrix to obtain a first result, and then input the first result into the matrix comparison operator of the second pipeline stage to perform the statistical calculation on the non-zero row number to obtain a second result (i.e., an output result, a rank of the matrix). Optionally, the second result is stored in a storage medium.

Taking the first operation instruction as a matrix trace-solving instruction MTRA as an example, the trace of the given matrix is calculated. In specific implementation, a matrix A is given, and the traces of the matrix are solved according to the following formula.

Wherein A is_iiRefers to the element in the ith row and ith column in the matrix A, and i is a positive integer.

Correspondingly, the instruction format of the matrix trace-solving instruction MTRA is specifically:

in combination with the foregoing embodiment, the arithmetic unit may obtain the matrix trace-seeking instruction MTRA, decode the MTRA, select the matrix by using the matrix comparison arithmetic unit of the second pipeline stage through the bypass circuit, perform the diagonal element selection calculation on the matrix to obtain the first result, and then input the first result into the matrix addition arithmetic unit of the second pipeline stage to perform the matrix diagonal element summation calculation to obtain the second result (i.e., the output result). Optionally, the second result is stored in a storage medium.

Taking the first operation instruction as a matrix zero element proportion calculating instruction MNZ as an example, the proportion of the zero elements of the given matrix is calculated. In concrete implementation, a matrix A is given, the number of zero elements in the matrix A is counted according to the following formula, and the proportion of the zero elements is calculated.

Wherein n is_ijThe matrix A is the ith row and the jth column, and i and j are positive integers.

Correspondingly, the instruction format of the matrix zero-element proportion instruction MNZ is specifically:

in combination with the foregoing embodiment, the operation unit may obtain the matrix zero-element proportion instruction MNZ, decode the instruction, select a zero element for the matrix by using the matrix comparison operator in the second pipeline stage through the bypass circuit to obtain a first result, input the first result into the matrix addition operator in the second pipeline stage to perform zero element number statistics to obtain a second result, and input the second result into the matrix multiplication operator in the first pipeline stage to perform calculation of the proportion of the matrix zero element to obtain a third result (i.e., an output result, a proportion of the matrix zero element). Optionally, the third result is stored in a storage medium.

Taking the first operation instruction as a main eigenvalue calculation instruction MEVA for the matrix as an example, the main eigenvalue of the given matrix is calculated. In specific implementation, a matrix A is given, and the main eigenvalue of the matrix is calculated according to the following formula.

And (3) solving a main characteristic value:

wherein, a_ijIs the element of ith row and jth column in the matrix A; (CW)_iIs the i-th component of the matrix product CW.

Correspondingly, the instruction format of the matrix main eigenvalue calculation instruction MEVA is specifically:

in combination with the foregoing embodiment, the operation unit may obtain the main eigenvalue calculation instruction MEVA for the matrix, decode the main eigenvalue calculation instruction MEVA, select and utilize the matrix addition operator of the second pipeline stage through the bypass circuit to perform normalization calculation on the matrix to obtain a first result, input the first result into the matrix addition operator of the second pipeline stage for normalization again to obtain a second result, and input the second result into the matrix multiplication operator of the first pipeline stage for calculation of the main eigenvalue to obtain a third result (i.e., an output result). Optionally, the third result is stored in a storage medium.

It should be noted that the fetching and decoding of the various operation instructions will be described in detail later. It should be understood that, by adopting the structure of the above-mentioned computing device to implement the computation of each operation instruction (such as the matrix rank instruction MRANK, etc.), the following beneficial effects can be obtained: the matrix has variable scale, so that the number of instructions can be reduced, and the use of the instructions is simplified; the matrix with different storage formats (row main sequence and column main sequence) can be processed, and the cost for converting the matrix is avoided; the matrix format stored at certain intervals is supported, and the execution overhead of converting the matrix storage format and the space occupation of storing intermediate results are avoided.

The set length in the above operation instruction (i.e. the matrix operation instruction/the first operation instruction) can be set by the user, and in an alternative embodiment, the user can set the set length to one value, but in practical applications, the user can also set the set length to multiple values. The specific value and the number of the set length are not limited in the embodiments of the present invention. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a block diagram of another computing device 50 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 7, the computing device 50 includes: a storage medium 501, a register unit 502 (preferably, a scalar data storage unit, a scalar register unit), an operation unit 503 (may also be referred to as a matrix operation unit 503), and a control unit 504;

a storage medium 501 for storing a matrix;

a scalar data storage unit 502 for storing scalar data including at least: a storage address of the matrix within the storage medium;

a control unit 504, configured to control the arithmetic unit to obtain a first operation instruction, where the first operation instruction is used to implement an operation between a matrix and a scalar, and the first operation instruction includes a matrix read instruction required to execute the instruction;

an arithmetic unit 503, configured to send a read command to the storage medium according to the matrix read instruction; and executing the first operation instruction on the matrix according to the matrix corresponding to the matrix reading instruction read by adopting a batch reading mode.

Optionally, the matrix reading instruction includes: the memory address of the matrix required by the instruction or the identification of the matrix required by the instruction.

Optionally as the matrix reads the identity of the matrix indicated as required by the instruction,

a control unit 504, configured to control the arithmetic unit to read, according to the identifier, the storage address corresponding to the identifier from the register unit in a unit reading manner, control the arithmetic unit to send a reading command for reading the storage address to the storage medium, and acquire the matrix in a batch reading manner.

Optionally, the operation unit 503 is specifically configured to execute the first operation instruction on the matrix in a multi-level pipeline-level calculation manner.

Optionally, each pipeline stage in the multiple pipeline stages includes a preset fixed operator, and the fixed operators in each pipeline stage are different;

an operation unit 503, specifically configured to utilize the kth computing network topology according to the first operation instruction₁The selection arithmetic unit in the stage-flow-line stage calculates the matrix to obtain a first result, and then inputs the first result to the Kth₂The selection arithmetic unit in the stage-pipeline stage executes calculation to obtain a second result, and so on until the (i-1) th result is input into the Kth result_jThe selection arithmetic unit in the stage pipeline stage executes calculation to obtain the ith result; inputting the ith result into the storage medium for storage;

Optionally, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix determinant instruction MDET,

Optionally, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix rank instruction MRANK,

Optionally, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix trace seeking instruction MTRA,

Optionally, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix zero-element proportion instruction MNZ,

Optionally, the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage includes a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage includes a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix main eigenvalue calculation instruction MEVA,

Optionally, the computing apparatus further includes:

a cache unit 505, configured to cache an operation instruction to be executed;

the control unit 504 is configured to cache an operation instruction to be executed in the cache unit 504.

Optionally, the control unit 504 is configured to determine whether an association relationship exists between the first operation instruction and a second operation instruction before the first operation instruction, if the association relationship exists between the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction, cache the first operation instruction in the cache unit, and after the second operation instruction is executed, extract the first operation instruction from the cache unit and transmit the first operation instruction to the operation unit;

extracting a first storage address interval of a matrix required in the first operation instruction according to the first operation instruction, extracting a second storage address interval of the matrix required in the second operation instruction according to the second operation instruction, if the first storage address interval and the second storage address interval have an overlapped area, determining that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction have an association relation, and if the first storage address interval and the second storage address interval do not have an overlapped area, determining that the first operation instruction and the second operation instruction do not have an association relation.

Optionally, the control unit 503 may be configured to obtain an operation instruction from the instruction cache unit, process the operation instruction, and provide the processed operation instruction to the operation unit. The control unit 503 may be divided into three modules, which are: an instruction fetching module 5031, a decoding module 5032 and an instruction queue module 5033,

the instruction fetching module 5031 is configured to obtain an operation instruction from the instruction cache unit;

a decoding module 5032, configured to decode the obtained operation instruction;

the instruction queue 5033 is configured to store the decoded operation instructions sequentially, and to cache the decoded instructions in consideration of possible dependencies among registers of different instructions, and to issue the instructions when the dependencies are satisfied.

Referring to fig. 8 and fig. 8 are flowcharts illustrating a computing device according to an embodiment of the present invention to execute an operation instruction, as shown in fig. 8, a hardware structure of the computing device refers to the structure shown in fig. 7, and as shown in fig. 7, a storage medium takes a scratch pad as an example, and a process of executing a matrix trace seeking instruction MTRA includes:

in step S601, the computing device controls the instruction fetching module to fetch a matrix trace-solving instruction, and sends the matrix trace-solving instruction to the decoding module.

Step S602, the decoding module decodes the matrix trace-solving instruction and sends the matrix trace-solving instruction to an instruction queue.

Step S603, in the instruction queue, the matrix trace-finding instruction needs to obtain data in scalar registers corresponding to three operation domains in the instruction from the scalar register file, where the data includes an input matrix address, an output vector address, and an output vector length.

Step S604, the control unit determines whether the matrix trace-solving instruction has an incidence relation with an operation instruction before the matrix trace-solving instruction, if the incidence relation exists, the matrix trace-solving instruction is stored in the cache unit, and if no incidence management exists, the matrix trace-solving instruction is transmitted to the operation unit.

In step S605, the arithmetic unit fetches the required matrix data from the high-speed register according to the data in the scalar registers corresponding to the three operation domains, and then completes the trace-finding operation in the arithmetic unit.

In step S606, after the arithmetic unit completes the arithmetic operation, the result is written into the designated address of the memory (preferably, the scratch pad memory or the scalar register file), and the matrix trace-seeking instruction in the reorder buffer is submitted.

Optionally, in step S605, when the arithmetic unit executes the trace-solving operation, the computing apparatus may select the diagonal elements of the matrix by using a matrix comparison arithmetic unit, and sum the diagonal elements of the matrix by using a matrix addition arithmetic unit to obtain the trace of the matrix.

In concrete implementation, after the decoding module decodes the trace-solving instruction of the matrix, according to a control signal generated by decoding, the bypass circuit is used for selecting and inputting the matrix obtained in the step S603 to the matrix comparison arithmetic unit in the second-level pipeline stage to execute matrix diagonal element calculation to obtain a first result, then according to the control of the control signal, the bypass circuit is used for selecting and inputting the first result as input, the first result is input to the matrix addition arithmetic unit in the second-level pipeline stage to execute matrix diagonal element summation calculation to obtain a second result, and then according to the control signal, the second result is known as an input result. And correspondingly, writing back the second result as the output of the arithmetic unit or directly transmitting the second result to an output end.

The above-mentioned operation instruction in fig. 8 is exemplified by a matrix trace-solving instruction, and in practical applications, the matrix trace-solving instruction in the embodiment shown in fig. 8 may be replaced by a matrix operation/operation instruction such as a matrix determinant-solving instruction, a matrix rank-solving instruction, a matrix zero-element proportion-solving instruction, or a matrix maximum eigenvalue-solving instruction, which is not described herein again.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores a computer program for electronic data exchange, and the computer program enables a computer to execute some or all of the steps of any implementation described in the above method embodiments.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a computer to perform any, some or all of the steps of any of the implementations described in the above method embodiments.

An embodiment of the present application further provides an acceleration apparatus, including: a memory: executable instructions are stored; a processor: for executing the executable instructions in the memory unit, and when executing the instructions, operate according to the embodiments described in the above method embodiments.

Wherein the processor may be a single processing unit, but may also comprise two or more processing units. In addition, the processor may also include a general purpose processor (CPU) or a Graphics Processor (GPU); it may also be included in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) to set up and operate the neural network. The processor may also include on-chip memory (i.e., including memory in the processing device) for caching purposes.

In some embodiments, a chip is also disclosed, which includes the neural network processor for performing the above method embodiments.

In some embodiments, a chip packaging structure is disclosed, which includes the above chip.

In some embodiments, a board card is disclosed, which includes the above chip package structure.

In some embodiments, an electronic device is disclosed that includes the above board card.

The electronic device comprises a data processing device, a robot, a computer, a printer, a scanner, a tablet computer, an intelligent terminal, a mobile phone, a vehicle data recorder, a navigator, a sensor, a camera, a server, a cloud server, a camera, a video camera, a projector, a watch, an earphone, a mobile storage, a wearable device, a vehicle, a household appliance, and/or a medical device.

The vehicle comprises an airplane, a ship and/or a vehicle; the household appliances comprise a television, an air conditioner, a microwave oven, a refrigerator, an electric cooker, a humidifier, a washing machine, an electric lamp, a gas stove and a range hood; the medical equipment comprises a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, a B-ultrasonic apparatus and/or an electrocardiograph.

It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the above-mentioned method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combination of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present application is not limited by the order of acts described, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently depending on the application. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are exemplary embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required in this application.

In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.

In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one type of division of logical functions, and there may be other divisions when actually implementing, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of some interfaces, devices or units, and may be an electric or other form.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of a software program module.

The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software program modules and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable memory. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or a part of or all or part of the technical solution contributing to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a memory, and including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned memory comprises: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable memory, which may include: flash Memory disks, Read-Only memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), magnetic or optical disks, and the like.

The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments of the present application has been presented to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present application, and the above description of the embodiments is only provided to help understand the method and the core concept of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. A computing method applied in a computing apparatus including a storage medium, a register unit, and a matrix operation unit, the method comprising:

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to obtain a first operation instruction, wherein the first operation instruction is used for realizing operation between a matrix and a scalar, the first operation instruction comprises a matrix reading instruction required by executing the first operation instruction, the required matrix is at least one matrix, and the at least one matrix is the same in length or different in length;

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to read the matrix corresponding to the matrix reading instruction from the storage medium in a batch reading mode and execute the first operation instruction on the matrix in a multi-level pipeline computing mode;

the first operational instruction comprises any one of: a matrix determinant instruction MDET, a matrix rank instruction MRANK, a matrix trace instruction MTRA, a matrix zero element proportion instruction MNZ and a matrix main characteristic value instruction MEVA;

the MDET comprises: an opcode and an operation domain, the operation domain comprising: TYPE, N, A, LDA and D; the TYPE is a data TYPE related to matrix operation, N is a row number of a matrix A ', A is a head address of the matrix A ', the LDA is a head address interval between two adjacent row vectors or a head address interval between two adjacent column vectors of the matrix A ', and D is a scalar;

the MRANK comprises: an opcode and an operation domain, the operation domain comprising: TYPE, M, N, A, LDA and D; the TYPE is a data TYPE related to matrix operation, M is a row number of a matrix A ', N is a column number of the matrix A', A is a head address of the matrix A ', the LDA is a head address interval between two adjacent row vectors or a head address interval between two adjacent column vectors of the matrix A', and D is a scalar;

the MTRA comprises: an opcode and an operation domain, the operation domain comprising: TYPE, N, A, LDA and T; the TYPE is a data TYPE related to matrix operation, N is a row number of a matrix A ', A is a head address of the matrix A ', the LDA is a head address interval between two adjacent row vectors or a head address interval between two adjacent column vectors of the matrix A ', and T is a scalar;

the MNZ comprises: an opcode and an operation domain, the operation domain comprising: TYPE, M, N, A, LDA and Z; the TYPE is a data TYPE related to matrix operation, M is a row number of a matrix A ', N is a column number of the matrix A', A is a head address of the matrix A ', the LDA is a head address interval between two adjacent row vectors or a head address interval between two adjacent column vectors of the matrix A', and Z is a scalar;

the MEVA comprises: an opcode and an operation domain, the operation domain comprising: TYPE, N, A, LDA and L; the data TYPE that TYPE relates to for the matrix operation, N are the row number of matrix A ', A is the first address of matrix A ', LDA is the first address interval between two adjacent row vectors or the first address interval between two adjacent column vectors of matrix A ', L is the scalar quantity.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each pipeline stage in the multiple pipeline stages comprises a preset fixed arithmetic unit, and the fixed arithmetic unit in each pipeline stage is different;

the computing device controls the matrix operation unit to utilize the first operation instruction according to the computing network topology corresponding to the first operation instructionK₁The selection arithmetic unit in the stage-flow-line stage calculates the matrix to obtain a first result, and then inputs the first result to the Kth₂The selection arithmetic unit in the stage-pipeline stage executes calculation to obtain a second result, and so on until the (i-1) th result is input into the Kth result_jThe selection arithmetic unit in the stage pipeline stage executes calculation to obtain the ith result;

inputting the ith result into the storage medium for storage;

3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the multiple pipeline stages comprises fixed operators and the number of fixed operators is custom set by a user side or the computing device side; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the fixed arithmetic unit in each pipeline stage in the multi-stage pipeline stages comprises any one or combination of more of the following items: a matrix addition operator, a matrix multiplication operator, a matrix scalar multiplication operator, a nonlinear operator, and a matrix comparison operator.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage comprises a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage comprises a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage comprises a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix determinant instruction MDET,

the executing the first operation instruction on the matrix by adopting a multi-level pipeline-level computing mode comprises:

the computing device controls the matrix arithmetic unit to input the matrix to a matrix comparison arithmetic unit in a second-level pipeline stage to perform sequence inverse number operation on the matrix to obtain a first result, inputs the first result to a matrix multiplication arithmetic unit in the first-level pipeline stage to perform multiplication operation of all sequences on the first result to obtain a second result, and inputs the second result to a matrix addition arithmetic unit in the second-level pipeline stage to perform summation operation of all sequences on the second result to obtain a third result; and inputting the third result to the storage medium for storage.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the multi-stage pipeline stage is a three-stage pipeline stage, the first stage pipeline stage comprises a preset matrix multiplication operator, the second stage pipeline stage comprises a preset matrix addition operator and a matrix comparison operator, and the third stage pipeline stage comprises a preset nonlinear operator and a matrix scalar multiplication operator; the first operation instruction is a matrix rank instruction MRANK,

6. A computing device, comprising a storage medium, a register unit, a matrix operation unit, and a controller unit;

the storage medium is used for storing the matrix;

the register unit is configured to store scalar data, where the scalar data at least includes: a storage address of the matrix within the storage medium;

the controller unit is configured to control the matrix operation unit to obtain a first operation instruction, where the first operation instruction is used to implement an operation between a matrix and a scalar, the first operation instruction includes a matrix reading instruction required for executing the first operation instruction, the required matrix is at least one matrix, and the at least one matrix is a matrix with the same length or a matrix with different lengths;

the matrix operation unit is used for sending a reading command to the storage medium according to the matrix reading instruction; reading a matrix corresponding to the matrix reading indication by adopting a batch reading mode, and executing the first operation instruction on the matrix by adopting a multi-level pipeline calculation mode;

7. A chip comprising the computing device of claim 6.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises a chip according to claim 7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program comprising program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1-5.