CN110676591A - Inverted round table and quadrangular frustum pyramid dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna - Google Patents

Inverted round table and quadrangular frustum pyramid dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna Download PDF

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CN110676591A
CN110676591A CN201911106384.4A CN201911106384A CN110676591A CN 110676591 A CN110676591 A CN 110676591A CN 201911106384 A CN201911106384 A CN 201911106384A CN 110676591 A CN110676591 A CN 110676591A
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metal
special
dielectric
dielectric layer
antenna
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钟玲玲
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Tianjin Jinhang Computing Technology Research Institute
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Tianjin Jinhang Computing Technology Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an inverted round table and a rectangular frustum medium loaded index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna, wherein the outline of a rectangular frustum medium layer is a rectangular frustum and is arranged on a metal floor, the bottom surface of the rectangular frustum medium layer is flush with the bottom surface of the metal floor, a special-shaped index gradient metal monopole is arranged on the rectangular frustum medium layer, a bottom feed part adopts an index gradient shape, the metal floor is in a cuboid plate shape, the inner diameter of a central hole is consistent with the outer diameter of an inner core of a coaxial feed connector, the coaxial connector penetrates through the metal floor and is connected with the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole, the inverted round table medium layer is an inverted round table, and the inverted round table is reversely buckled on the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole. The size of the antenna can be properly adjusted according to the actual application requirement, the using frequency of the antenna can be increased or reduced in proportion by adjusting the height of the special-shaped metal monopole, the side length of the metal floor, the height of the inverted round table dielectric layer, the height of the quadrangular table dielectric layer and the like, and the whole antenna structure and the application occasion are flexible.

Description

Inverted round table and quadrangular frustum pyramid dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and relates to a high-dielectric-constant medium loaded antenna with a combined inverted circular truncated cone and quadrangular frustum shape and a monopole antenna with a feed structure of an exponential gradient, wherein the monopole antenna and the feed structure are fused, so that the antenna is small in height and wide in bandwidth, and is mainly used in communication systems of civil and military airplanes, vehicles and the like.
Background
Dielectric resonators are generally made of low loss (tan δ 10)-4Below), high dielectric constant (. epsilon.)r20-100) and is often used in microwave shielding circuits, such as filters, oscillators, etc. Very high unloaded Q (quality factor) values can be obtained in these dielectric resonators. If the dielectric resonator is placed in free space, the Q value of its lowest order mode (main mode) is greatly reduced, and its power is radiated in space, and thus it can be used as an antenna, i.e., a dielectrically loaded antenna. The size of dielectrically-loaded antennas has been reduced by the introduction of high dielectric constant materials (based on the basic theory of dielectrically-loaded antennas, the antenna can be approximated by
Figure BDA0002271436280000011
Of order of decreasing size, λ0The wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the antenna), and has the advantages of high power capacity and the like; however, the dielectric constant is large, so that the antenna is small in electrical size, the influence of the actual physical size on the antenna performance is very sensitive, and particularly, the impedance of the feeding part is difficult to adjust, so that the bandwidth of the dielectric loaded antenna applied in practice is generally small (the relative bandwidth is generally less than 10%).
The monopole antenna is widely applied to one-point multiple access communication and widely applied to the fields of military affairs, aerospace, remote control and remote measurement. Although the conventional monopole antenna has a simple structure and stable electrical performance, the antenna is generally of an all-metal structure, has heavier mass and increases burden for a load platform; and these types of antennas are one quarter wavelength (0.25 lambda) high0) And the antenna bandwidth is narrow (the relative bandwidth is generally below 5%) due to the abrupt change of the impedance of the feeding part, so that the increasing practical use requirement cannot be met.
In view of the above, there is a need to develop a new antenna form for practical communication platforms, which combines the advantages of the dielectric loaded antenna and monopole antenna and improves the antenna to make it smaller in height and wider in bandwidth, and provide more desirable electromagnetic and structural characteristics than the existing antenna designs.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The purpose of the invention is: the defects and shortcomings in the prior art are overcome, and the miniaturized broadband antenna with the combination of the inverted round table shape and the quadrangular frustum pyramid shape and the medium loading index gradient line is provided, so that the problems that the impedance of the traditional medium antenna loaded antenna is difficult to adjust, the bandwidth is narrow, the quality of a conventional monopole antenna is heavy, the bandwidth is narrow and the like are solved.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a medium loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna combining an inverted round table shape and a quadrangular frustum pyramid shape, which consists of a special-shaped index gradient metal monopole, a metal floor, an inverted round table medium layer, a quadrangular frustum medium layer and a coaxial feed connector inserted into an antenna structure; the bottom feed part of the special-shaped exponential gradient metal monopole adopts an exponential gradient line shape, the middle of the bottom is provided with a threaded hole, the upper end is in a semicircular shape, and the special-shaped monopole is made of aluminum; the metal floor is a thin cube, a hole is formed in the middle of the metal floor, the inner diameter of the metal floor is consistent with the outer diameter of the connector medium layer, the connector can penetrate through the floor to be connected with the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole, and the metal floor is made of aluminum; the outline of the inverted round table dielectric layer is an inverted round table, the inverted round table dielectric layer is reversely buckled on a special-shaped index gradient metal monopole from top to bottom (the structure is produced by adopting a powder material die machining mode), and the inverted round table dielectric layer is made of a special ceramic material (epsilon)rIs 20); the outline of the quadrangular frustum shaped dielectric layer is quadrangular frustum shaped, the quadrangular frustum shaped dielectric layer is arranged on the metal floor from bottom to top, the bottom surface of the quadrangular frustum shaped dielectric layer is flush with the bottom surface of the metal floor, and the quadrangular frustum shaped dielectric layer is made of a special ceramic material (epsilon) with high dielectric constantrIs 20); the antenna adopts SMA type coaxial connector to connect feed, the connector is JSMA-KFD153-3 of Shaanxi Huada science and technology limited company, and is characterized in that the extending inner core is provided with screw thread, and the inner core of the connector passes through goldThe floor is connected with the inner thread of the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole in a screwing manner; the energy output by the coaxial connector is fed from the feed end, and further surface current of the antenna is excited, so that radiation is generated.
(III) advantageous effects
The inverted round table and quadrangular table medium loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna provided by the technical scheme has the advantages that the antenna radiating body only adopts the metallic aluminum and the high-dielectric constant special ceramic material (epsilon)r20), easy processing and manufacturing, light weight (the weight can be reduced by 20%); because the antenna adopts special ceramic material (epsilon) with high dielectric constantr20) the inverted round table and the quadrangular frustum pyramid are combined to be used as an outer layer dielectric resonator, so that the size of the antenna is greatly reduced (compared with the conventional monopole antenna, the height in the polarization direction can be reduced by 41%); because of the basic structure of the antenna by means of a monopole antenna, the main radiator adopts an exponential gradient (Z (Z) ═ Z)0eazZ is more than 0 and less than L), thereby greatly expanding the bandwidth of the antenna to 43 percent; in addition, the size of the antenna can be properly adjusted according to actual application requirements, the using frequency of the antenna can be increased or reduced in proportion by adjusting the height of the special-shaped metal monopole, the side length of the metal floor, the height of the inverted round table dielectric layer and the height of the quadrangular table dielectric layer, and the whole antenna structure and application occasions are flexible.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of reflection loss versus frequency for an antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal plane pattern of the antenna of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole is 2, the metal floor is 3, the inverted round table dielectric layer is 4, the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer is 5 and the coaxial feed connector is provided.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the miniaturized broadband antenna with inverted round table and quadrangular frustum of pyramid dielectric loading index gradient of the invention comprises a metal monopole 1 with special-shaped index gradient, a metal floor 2, an inverted round table dielectric layer 3, a quadrangular frustum of pyramid dielectric layer 4 and a coaxial feed connector 5; the bottom end feed part of the special-shaped exponential-gradient-line metal monopole 1 is in an exponential-gradient-line shape, a threaded hole is formed in the middle of the bottom end, the upper end of the special-shaped exponential-gradient-line metal monopole 1 is in a semicircular shape, and the special-shaped exponential-gradient-line metal monopole 1 is made of aluminum; the metal floor 2 is in a cuboid plate shape, a hole is formed in the center, the inner diameter of the hole is consistent with the outer diameter of an inner core of the coaxial feed connector 5, so that the coaxial connector 5 penetrates through the metal floor 2 to be connected with the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole 1, and the metal floor 2 is made of aluminum; the outline of the inverted round table dielectric layer 3 is an inverted round table, the inverted round table dielectric layer is reversely buckled on the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole 1 (the structure needs to be produced by adopting a powder material die machining mode), and the inverted round table dielectric layer 3 is made of a special ceramic material with a high dielectric constant, for example: dielectric constant εrIs 20; the outline of the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer 4 is quadrangular frustum pyramid and is arranged on the metal floor 2, the bottom surface of the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer 4 is flush with the bottom surface of the metal floor 2, and the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer 4 is made of special ceramic materials with high dielectric constant, such as: dielectric constant εrIs 20; the antenna adopts an SMA type coaxial feed connector 5 to connect feed, the connector adopts JSMA-KFD153-3 of Shaanxi Huada science and technology Limited company, and is characterized in that an inner core of the extended coaxial feed connector 5 is provided with external threads, and the inner core of the coaxial feed connector 5 penetrates through a metal floor 2 to be connected with internal threads of a special-shaped index gradient metal monopole 1 in a screwing manner; the energy output by the coaxial feed connector 5 is fed from the feed end, and further the antenna surface current is excited, so that radiation is generated.
It should be noted that the total height of the antenna in the polarization direction, i.e. the total height of the inverted circular truncated cone dielectric layer 3 and the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer 4, is 14.2mm, the operating frequency of the antenna is 3.1 GHz-4.8 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is about 43%; lowest operating frequency3.1GHz corresponds to a wavelength of 96.8mm, corresponding to a conventional monopole height (0.25 λ) at the lowest operating frequency0) 24.2mm, the relative bandwidth is generally below 5%; compared with the conventional monopole antenna, the miniaturized broadband antenna with the inverted circular truncated cone and the quadrangular frustum medium loading index gradient can reduce the polarization direction height by 41 percent, and the bandwidth can be greatly expanded.
In the invention, the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole 1 is the most main component playing a role of radiation and is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to space, when a signal is transmitted, the coaxial feed connector 5 inputs a transmission signal of an external transmitter through a connected coaxial cable, and energy output by a coaxial connector excites surface current on the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole 1 so as to generate radiation; the inverted round table dielectric layer 3 and the quadrangular frustum pyramid dielectric layer 4 jointly play the role of a dielectric resonator, and can greatly reduce the height of the antenna in the polarization direction while participating in radiation; because the antenna is based on the basic structure of monopole antenna, the main radiator special-shaped exponential gradient line metal monopole 1 adopts exponential gradient line Z (Z) as Z0eazZ is more than 0 and less than L, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is greatly expanded; due to the fact that the metal monopole 1 with the special-shaped index gradient, the metal floor 2, the inverted round table dielectric layer 3 and the quadrangular table dielectric layer 4 in the whole antenna structure are symmetrically distributed in the structure, the radiation field of the antenna can be uniformly distributed within the range of 360 degrees on the horizontal plane.
Fig. 5 is a graph of reflection loss versus frequency for an antenna of the present invention. The reflection loss is an important performance parameter of the antenna, reflects the impedance characteristic of the antenna to be tested and also determines the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Referring to fig. 4, the working frequency band of the antenna of the present invention is in the S-band, and within the wide frequency range of 3.1GHz to 4.8GHz, the reflection loss of the antenna is less than-10 dB, and the relative bandwidth of the antenna is about 43%, thereby ensuring that the antenna has a wider impedance bandwidth.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna of the present invention. The directional diagram is a graph representing the relationship between the radiation characteristic of the antenna and the spatial angle. Referring to fig. 5, the radiation field of the antenna is uniformly distributed in all directions within 360 degrees of the horizontal plane, and the out-of-roundness is less than 3 dB; when the frequency fluctuates in the range of 3.1 GHz-4.8 GHz, the horizontal plane directional diagram is almost kept unchanged, and the good omnidirectional radiation characteristic can be kept.
According to the technical scheme, the antenna is used for transmitting and receiving vertical polarization electromagnetic waves, is simple in structure, is easy to process and manufacture and is light in weight, and the whole antenna radiator is only composed of metal aluminum and a high-dielectric-constant special ceramic material; the antenna adopts the basic idea of a dielectric loading antenna, and the inverted round table and the quadrangular table are combined to be used as an outer-layer dielectric resonator by using a high-dielectric-constant special ceramic material, so that the size of the antenna is greatly reduced; the antenna adopts the basic structure of a monopole antenna, and a main radiator of the monopole antenna adopts an exponential gradient form, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is greatly expanded; the radiation field of the antenna is uniformly distributed in the range of 360 degrees in the horizontal plane, and good omnidirectional characteristic can be realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an invert round platform and miniaturized broadband antenna of quadrangular frustum of a pyramid medium loading index gradual change line which characterized in that includes: the metal monopole antenna comprises a special-shaped index gradient metal monopole (1), a metal floor (2), an inverted round table dielectric layer (3), a quadrangular frustum pyramid dielectric layer (4) and a coaxial feed connector (5); the outline of the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer (4) is a quadrangular frustum and is installed on the metal floor (2), the bottom surface of the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer (4) is flush with the bottom surface of the metal floor (2), the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole (1) is arranged on the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer (4), the power feeding part at the bottom end of the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer adopts an index gradient shape, the metal floor (2) is in a cuboid plate shape, a hole is formed in the center of the metal floor, the inner diameter of the hole is consistent with the outer diameter of an inner core of the coaxial power feeding connector (5), the coaxial power feeding connector (5) penetrates through the metal floor (2) and is connected with the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole (1), the outline of the inverted circular truncated cone dielectric layer (3) is an inverted circular truncated cone, and the inverted circular truncated cone is arranged outside the special-shaped index gradient metal monopole (1) and is.
2. The inverted round and rectangular frustum dielectric loaded index-graded miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 1, wherein the bottom feed portion of the special-shaped index-graded metal monopole (1) adopts an index-graded line Z (Z) which is Z ═ Z0eazAnd z is more than 0 and less than L, and a is in a constant form.
3. The inverted round and rectangular frustum dielectric-loaded index-graded miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 2, wherein a threaded hole connected with an inner core of the coaxial feed connector (5) is formed in the middle of the bottom end of the special-shaped index-graded metal monopole (1), and the upper end of the special-shaped index-graded metal monopole is semicircular.
4. The inverted circular truncated cone and rectangular frustum dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 3, wherein the coaxial feed connector (5) is an SMA type coaxial feed connector.
5. The inverted circular truncated cone and rectangular frustum dielectric-loaded index-gradient miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 4, wherein an inner core of the coaxial feed connector (5) is provided with external threads, the inner core of the coaxial feed connector (5) penetrates through the metal floor (2) to be screwed and connected with internal threads of the special-shaped index-gradient metal monopole (1), and energy output by the coaxial feed connector (5) is fed from a feed end to excite surface current of the antenna to generate radiation.
6. The inverted round and rectangular frustum dielectric loaded index-graded miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 5, wherein the specially-shaped index-graded metal monopole (1) is made of aluminum.
7. The inverted circular truncated cone and rectangular frustum dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 6, wherein the metal floor (2) is made of aluminum.
8. The inverted circular truncated cone and rectangular frustum dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 7, wherein the inverted circular truncated cone dielectric layer (3) is made of a high-dielectric-constant ceramic material with a dielectric constant epsilonrIs 20.
9. The inverted circular truncated cone and rectangular pyramid dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 8, wherein said rectangular pyramid dielectric layer (4) is made of a high-k ceramic material with a dielectric constant ∈rIs 20.
10. The inverted circular truncated cone and quadrangular frustum dielectric-loaded index-graded miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 9, wherein the special-shaped index-graded metal monopole (1), the metal floor (2), the inverted circular truncated cone dielectric layer (3) and the quadrangular frustum dielectric layer (4) are symmetrically distributed on the structure, so that the radiation field of the antenna is uniformly distributed within 360 degrees of the horizontal plane.
CN201911106384.4A 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 Inverted round table and quadrangular frustum pyramid dielectric loading index gradient miniaturized broadband antenna Pending CN110676591A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111463577A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-28 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 Double-ridge horn antenna feed structure in threaded connection

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CN105390809A (en) * 2015-11-17 2016-03-09 西安电子工程研究所 Broadband dielectric resonator antenna based on planar monopole patch excitation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050017903A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2005-01-27 Apisak Ittipiboon Ultra wideband antenna
CN105390809A (en) * 2015-11-17 2016-03-09 西安电子工程研究所 Broadband dielectric resonator antenna based on planar monopole patch excitation

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KUI-SHENG FENG ET-AL: "《Modified Ultra Wideband Hybrid Monopole Dielectric Resonator Antenna》", 《2017 SIXTH ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APCAP)》 *

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CN111463577A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-28 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 Double-ridge horn antenna feed structure in threaded connection

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