CN110675579A - Reservoir early warning monitoring method and system - Google Patents
Reservoir early warning monitoring method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110675579A CN110675579A CN201910903964.XA CN201910903964A CN110675579A CN 110675579 A CN110675579 A CN 110675579A CN 201910903964 A CN201910903964 A CN 201910903964A CN 110675579 A CN110675579 A CN 110675579A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
- G08B5/22—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
- G08B5/36—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
- G08B5/38—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources using flashing light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/80—Arrangements for signal processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold
Abstract
The invention discloses a reservoir early warning monitoring method and system, belonging to the technical field of small reservoir early warning, and comprising the following steps of: s1: collecting basic reservoir information to create an early warning object; s2: matching rainfall stations and establishing a water regime monitoring graph; s3: and carrying out early warning according to the early warning basis. According to the invention, the characteristic water level of the reservoir is compared according to the real-time monitoring water level, the visual early warning of the safety state of the reservoir is realized in a mode of color separation and flashing of the water surface image, and the self safety of the reservoir is ensured; downstream early warning is provided in a mode that the reservoir discharge rate is associated with the downstream influence object defense standard, and the safety of the downstream influence object is also protected; meanwhile, the effectiveness of early warning is ensured, tools such as rain flood effect comparison, reservoir section generalized graphs and the like are provided for carrying out rationality identification on early warning basis, the complex hydrological calculation and comparison analysis processes are simplified into two-dimensional coordinates, and visual comparison and display can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of early warning of small reservoirs, in particular to a reservoir early warning monitoring method and system.
Background
The number of reservoirs in China is large, the distribution is wide, small reservoirs account for about 95% of the total number of the reservoirs, the occurrence of reservoir emergency and even dam break due to failure frequently occurs in the annual flood season, and the safety of the small reservoirs becomes the key of flood prevention work. In view of the actual situation that small reservoirs are numerous and are located far away and the current situation that professional technicians are seriously deficient, how to implement the 'short slab compensation of hydraulic engineering and the' total basic dispatching requirement of water treatment work in the new period of strong supervision in the hydraulic industry is realized, and how to quickly lock the focus in order to realize the safety supervision of the small reservoirs, especially in the face of thousands of reservoirs, is a problem faced to flood control and disaster reduction. With the advance of the automatic forecasting construction of the reservoir water regime and the development of network and communication technologies, it becomes possible to construct a reservoir early warning platform integrating the real-time water level of the reservoir, the characteristic information of the reservoir, the basic data of the downstream influence object of the reservoir and other comprehensive information.
The reservoir early warning core is that the reservoir water level is associated with the self construction standard (design parameter and engineering parameter) of the reservoir, the discharge flow is associated with the downstream influence object defense standard, effective early warning reminding is formed when the reservoir reaches the corresponding early warning level, water conservancy general investigation and mountain torrent disaster influence investigation are completed in the national early warning foundation, a special data source is established by the reservoir foundation information and the river village defense flood standard, and the early warning association has foundation conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the reservoir early warning and monitoring method integrates real-time water level, reservoir basic information and downstream influence object information through an informatization means, constructs an early warning information link around the self safety and the downstream influence safety of the reservoir, arranges an early warning platform, implements effective early warning, can quickly lock defense emphasis from thousands of reservoirs, and has huge social benefit; the method for supporting early warning, discriminating early warning effectiveness and the application of reservoir safety supervision are ideal tools for reservoir strong supervision (particularly reservoir water regime monitoring supervision).
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme, and the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: collection of reservoir basic information to create early warning object
Collecting basic information of the reservoir, creating and coding water body boundary objects of each reservoir, associating the reservoir station codes with the water body boundary object codes to form reservoir early warning object units, and then associating the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level;
meanwhile, establishing and coding a downstream influence object of each reservoir, associating a reservoir station code with the downstream influence object code, storing defense standards or safety flow of the downstream influence object as the attribute of the downstream influence object, and associating the real-time water level of each reservoir with a reservoir discharge curve to realize the conversion of the real-time water level of the reservoir to the discharge flow;
s2: matching rainfall stations and establishing water regime monitoring graphs
Classifying and matching according to the principle that the distance between a reservoir and a rainfall station is the nearest and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic construction, establishing an association relation between the reservoir station and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic rainfall station, and then statically associating the reservoir station, a reservoir water body boundary object and a downstream influence object to establish a reservoir water situation monitoring graph;
s3: carrying out early warning according to early warning basis
Comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level (elevation), and when the real-time water level of the reservoir reaches the corresponding level, carrying out color separation and flashing on the reservoir early warning object units to realize visual early warning; according to the reservoir early warning monitoring method and system, the characteristic water level of the reservoir is compared according to the real-time monitoring water level, the visual early warning of the safety state of the reservoir is realized in a water body surface image color separation and flashing mode, and the self safety of the reservoir is ensured;
comparing the leakage flow with the safety flow of the downstream influence object, and performing visual early warning on the downstream influence object when the leakage flow is greater than or equal to the safety flow; and downstream early warning is provided in a mode that the reservoir discharge rate is associated with the downstream influence object defense standard, and the safety of the downstream influence object is also protected.
Further, in step S1, the basic information of the reservoir includes a station name, a station number, coordinates, flood control indexes, a weir top elevation, and a discharge curve.
Further, in step S1, the reservoir station code is encoded according to the chinese reservoir name code SL 259-2000.
Furthermore, in the step S1, the downstream influencing objects are encoded according to the specification SL767-2018 of mountain torrent disaster investigation and evaluation.
Further, in the step S2, the reservoir sites, the reservoir water boundary objects, and the downstream influencing objects are statically associated, and the reservoir water regime monitoring map is established based on a GIS (geographic information system) platform.
Further, in step S3, the flood control characteristic water level includes a flood limit water level, a design water level, a check water level, and a dam crest elevation, the corresponding levels of the real-time water level of the reservoir are an excess flood limit water level, an excess design water level, an excess check water level, and an excess dam crest elevation, and the colors of the reservoir pre-warning object units when color-separated and flashing are blue, yellow, orange, and red, which respectively correspond to the corresponding levels of the real-time water level of the reservoir in sequence.
Further, in step S3, before performing the warning, the method for checking the reasonability of the warning basis includes the following steps:
s31: comparing the reservoir water level process line with each flood control characteristic water level line, and checking the running state of the reservoir;
s32: displaying a reservoir water level process line and a rainfall process of the matched rainfall station on a coordinate axis at the same time, and checking the rationality of a rainfall flood effect;
s33: and constructing a reservoir section generalized diagram, and checking the reasonability of each flood control characteristic water level and engineering parameter. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of early warning is ensured, tools such as rain flood effect comparison, reservoir section generalized graphs and the like are provided for carrying out rationality identification on early warning basis, the complex hydrological calculation and comparison analysis processes are simplified into two-dimensional coordinates, and visual comparison and display can be realized.
The invention also provides a reservoir early warning and monitoring system, which comprises:
the early warning object creating module comprises a first creating unit and a second creating unit, wherein the first creating unit is used for creating and coding the water body boundary objects of all the reservoirs, and associating the reservoir station codes with the water body boundary object codes;
the rainfall station matching module is used for carrying out classification matching according to the principle that the distance between the reservoir and the rainfall station is the nearest and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic construction simultaneously, and establishing the incidence relation between the reservoir station and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic rainfall station;
the early warning module comprises a first early warning unit and a second early warning unit, the first early warning unit is used for comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level, when the real-time water level of the reservoir reaches a corresponding level, the reservoir early warning object unit flickers in a color separation mode to realize visual early warning, the second early warning unit is used for comparing the discharge flow with the safety flow of a downstream influence object, and when the discharge flow is larger than or equal to the safety flow, visual early warning of the downstream influence object is carried out;
the checking module comprises a first checking unit, a second checking unit and a third checking unit, wherein the first checking unit is used for comparing a reservoir water level process line with each flood control characteristic water level line and checking the running state of the reservoir, the second checking unit is used for displaying the reservoir water level process line and a rainfall process matched with the rainfall station in a time coordinate axis mode and checking the rationality of a rainfall flood effect, and the third checking unit is used for constructing a reservoir section generalized diagram and checking the rationality of each flood control characteristic water level and engineering parameters;
the central processing module is used for sending instructions to other modules to complete related actions;
the early warning object creation module, the rainfall station matching module, the early warning module and the verification module are all electrically connected with the central processing module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the reservoir early warning monitoring method and system, the characteristic water level of the reservoir is compared according to the real-time monitoring water level, the visual early warning of the safety state of the reservoir is realized in a water body surface image color separation and flashing mode, and the self safety of the reservoir is ensured; downstream early warning is provided in a mode that the reservoir discharge rate is associated with the downstream influence object defense standard, and the safety of the downstream influence object is also protected; meanwhile, the effectiveness of early warning is ensured, tools such as rain flood effect comparison, reservoir section generalized graphs and the like are provided to carry out rationality recognition on early warning basis, complex hydrological calculation and comparison analysis processes are simplified into two-dimensional coordinates, visual comparison and display can be realized, and the early warning method is worthy of popularization and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general flow of the reservoir early warning and monitoring method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general architectural diagram of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a reservoir water regime monitoring diagram in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the reservoir water boundary in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of reservoir early warning in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a downstream impact pre-warning in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a reservoir according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the effects of rain floods in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a comparison graph of water level process lines and characteristic water levels in the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a flowchart of implementation of a software support function for searching and determining a rainfall site matched with a reservoir rainfall flood effect in the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a software support function for the water pool grading, color separation and early warning according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a flowchart of implementation of a software support function for early warning of a downstream affected object according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of the software support function implementation for visual comparison formed by interactively checking each characteristic water level during the water level process of the reservoir station in the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating implementation of a software support function for displaying a water level process line of a reservoir station and a rainfall process of a matched rainfall station in a simultaneous coordinate axis manner according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a flow chart of the implementation of the software support function for constructing a reservoir profile map according to the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a real-time water level long term weir crest elevation override in a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating a real-time water level long-term dam crest elevation in a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view illustrating a failure water level process line of the automatic water level measuring and reporting system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view illustrating the process of the automatic water level detection system being installed with an error and the process of water level rising and falling in reverse according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a diagram of the locations of streams reservoirs and affected objects in a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of stream reservoir water level, flow process line and warning information in the fourth embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a technical solution: a reservoir early warning monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1: collection of reservoir basic information to create early warning object
Collecting basic information of the reservoir, creating and coding water body boundary objects of each reservoir, associating the reservoir station codes with the water body boundary object codes to form reservoir early warning object units, and then associating the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level;
meanwhile, establishing and coding a downstream influence object of each reservoir, associating a reservoir station code with the downstream influence object code, storing defense standards or safety flow of the downstream influence object as the attribute of the downstream influence object, and associating the real-time water level of each reservoir with a reservoir discharge curve to realize the conversion of the real-time water level of the reservoir to the discharge flow;
s2: matching rainfall stations and establishing water regime monitoring graphs
Classifying and matching according to the principle that the distance between a reservoir and a rainfall station is the nearest and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic construction, establishing an association relation between the reservoir station and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic rainfall station, and then statically associating the reservoir station, a reservoir water body boundary object and a downstream influence object to establish a reservoir water situation monitoring graph;
s3: carrying out early warning according to early warning basis
Comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level (elevation), and when the real-time water level of the reservoir reaches the corresponding level, carrying out color separation and flashing on the reservoir early warning object units to realize visual early warning; according to the reservoir early warning monitoring method and system, the characteristic water level of the reservoir is compared according to the real-time monitoring water level, the visual early warning of the safety state of the reservoir is realized in a water body surface image color separation and flashing mode, and the self safety of the reservoir is ensured;
comparing the leakage flow with the safety flow of the downstream influence object, and performing visual early warning on the downstream influence object when the leakage flow is greater than or equal to the safety flow; and downstream early warning is provided in a mode that the reservoir discharge rate is associated with the downstream influence object defense standard, and the safety of the downstream influence object is also protected.
Specifically, in step S1, the basic information of the reservoir includes a station name, a station number, coordinates, a flood control index, a weir crest elevation, and a discharge curve.
Specifically, in step S1, the reservoir station code is encoded according to the chinese reservoir name code SL 259-2000.
Specifically, in step S1, the downstream influencing object is encoded according to the specification SL767-2018 of mountain torrent disaster investigation and evaluation.
Specifically, in step S2, the reservoir site, the reservoir water boundary object, and the downstream influence object are statically associated with each other, and the reservoir water regime monitoring map is established based on a GIS (geographic information system) platform.
Specifically, in step S3, the flood control characteristic water level includes a flood limit water level, a design water level, a check water level, and a dam crest elevation, the corresponding levels of the real-time water level of the reservoir are an excess flood limit water level, an excess design water level, an excess check water level, and an excess dam crest elevation, and the colors of the reservoir pre-warning object units when color separation flickers are blue, yellow, orange, and red, which correspond to the corresponding levels of the real-time water level of the reservoir in sequence.
Specifically, in step S3, before performing the warning, the rationality of the warning basis needs to be checked, which includes the following steps:
s31: comparing the reservoir water level process line with each flood control characteristic water level line, and checking the running state of the reservoir;
s32: displaying a reservoir water level process line and a rainfall process of the matched rainfall station on a coordinate axis at the same time, and checking the rationality of a rainfall flood effect;
s33: and constructing a reservoir section generalized diagram, and checking the reasonability of each flood control characteristic water level and engineering parameter. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of early warning is ensured, tools such as rain flood effect comparison, reservoir section generalized graphs and the like are provided for carrying out rationality identification on early warning basis, the complex hydrological calculation and comparison analysis processes are simplified into two-dimensional coordinates, and visual comparison and display can be realized.
This embodiment still provides a reservoir early warning monitoring system, includes:
the early warning object creating module comprises a first creating unit and a second creating unit, wherein the first creating unit is used for creating and coding the water body boundary objects of all the reservoirs, and associating the reservoir station codes with the water body boundary object codes;
the rainfall station matching module is used for carrying out classification matching according to the principle that the distance between the reservoir and the rainfall station is the nearest and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic construction simultaneously, and establishing the incidence relation between the reservoir station and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic rainfall station;
the early warning module comprises a first early warning unit and a second early warning unit, the first early warning unit is used for comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level, when the real-time water level of the reservoir reaches a corresponding level, the reservoir early warning object unit flickers in a color separation mode to realize visual early warning, the second early warning unit is used for comparing the discharge flow with the safety flow of a downstream influence object, and when the discharge flow is larger than or equal to the safety flow, visual early warning of the downstream influence object is carried out;
the checking module comprises a first checking unit, a second checking unit and a third checking unit, wherein the first checking unit is used for comparing a reservoir water level process line with each flood control characteristic water level line and checking the running state of the reservoir, the second checking unit is used for displaying the reservoir water level process line and a rainfall process matched with the rainfall station in a time coordinate axis mode and checking the rationality of a rainfall flood effect, and the third checking unit is used for constructing a reservoir section generalized diagram and checking the rationality of each flood control characteristic water level and engineering parameters;
the central processing module is used for sending instructions to other modules to complete related actions;
the early warning object creation module, the rainfall station matching module, the early warning module and the verification module are all electrically connected with the central processing module.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3 to 9, the object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
firstly, early warning of the water regime of a small reservoir;
1. collecting basic information of the small reservoir, and establishing a water condition monitoring map of the reservoir in Anhui province by taking the existing 'Anhui province Water information' system as a platform, as shown in figure 3;
2. establishing water body boundary objects of each reservoir, coding according to a uniform rule, and associating the reservoir station codes with the water body boundary object codes to form reservoir early warning object units, as shown in figure 4;
3. the real-time water level of the reservoir is associated with a flood limiting water level/normal water storage level, a design water level, a check water level and a dam crest elevation, and when the water level reaches a corresponding level, the reservoir early warning object units flash in a color separation manner to realize visual early warning, as shown in fig. 5.
It should be noted that, in fig. 5, the upper left reservoir early warning object unit corresponds to the flood limit water level and flashes blue, the upper right reservoir early warning object unit corresponds to the over-design water level and flashes yellow, the lower left reservoir early warning object unit corresponds to the over-check water level and flashes orange, and the lower right reservoir early warning object unit corresponds to the over-dam top elevation and flashes red.
Secondly, early warning of the influence objects of the small reservoir;
1. establishing each reservoir downstream influence object, coding according to rules, associating the reservoir station codes with the downstream influence object codes, and storing the defense standard or the safe flow of the downstream influence objects as the attributes of the downstream influence objects;
2. water (W)The real-time water level of the reservoir is associated with the reservoir discharge curve Z-Q to realize QDrain device＝f(ZReal time) Converting;
3. establishing QDrain device(lower bleed flow) and QSecurity(safety flow) comparison, when QDrain deviceIs close to or greater than QSecurityAnd forming a downstream early warning object flicker early warning. As shown in fig. 6.
And thirdly, identifying the tool for the rationality of the early warning basis (basic data and real-time water level).
1. Constructing a schematic sectional view of the reservoir, as shown in FIG. 7;
2. construction of a rain flood effect map
1) According to the shortest distance principle, determining a rainfall station matched with the reservoir, thereby solving the problem that the station has no rainfall station;
2) the real-time water level of the reservoir station and the matched rainfall process are displayed in a classified mode on the coordinate axis of the same time, and the rainfall flood effect comparison is achieved, as shown in the figure 8. And each characteristic water level (elevation) of the reservoir can be interactively selected, so that the water level process line and each characteristic water level (elevation) form visual contrast, as shown in fig. 9.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 10 to 15, the invention provides early warning of reservoir operation state and early warning of influence of reservoir discharge on downstream for reservoir management and an observer, and provides a discrimination early warning information rationality recognition tool, which comprises the following schemes:
and collecting basic reservoir information (station name, station number, coordinates, flood control indexes, weir crest elevation and discharge curve), and storing the information in a real-time rainwater condition database ST _ STBPRP _ B table, a ST _ RSVRFCCH _ B table, a ST _ RSVRFSR _ B table, a ST _ STBPRP _ B _ YC table and a ST _ ZQRL _ B table.
And (3) sorting the reservoir water body boundary objects, coding by taking Chinese reservoir name code SL259-2000 as a standard, and storing in a corresponding table.
And (3) creating a downstream influence object of the reservoir, coding by taking mountain torrent disaster investigation and evaluation technical specification SL767-2018 as a standard, and storing the downstream influence object in a corresponding base table.
And (3) according to the principle that the distance between a reservoir and a rainfall station is the nearest, constructing a rainfall data source for comparing rainfall flood effects, wherein the special case is that the distance is zero, and the station is the self-constructed rainfall station. And meanwhile, considering the standard of building the station, classifying and matching according to hydrology/non-hydrology, building the association relation between the reservoir station and the hydrology/non-hydrology rainfall station, and storing the association relation in a corresponding base table. As shown in fig. 10, the reservoir station group in the figure is composed of n1 reservoir objects, each of which contains a name, a station code, a longitude and a latitude; the rainfall station group consists of n2 rainfall station objects, and each rainfall station object comprises a name, a station code, a longitude and a latitude attribute;
the reservoir matched rainfall station code set is used for storing rainfall station codes related to each reservoir station.
Obtaining the information of the reservoir station and the rainfall station through the basic information table of the real-time rain condition database
Traversing the reservoir station group, and circularly executing the following operations:
(1) defining the maximum distance L0 to be 100000;
(2) traversing the rainfall station group, and circularly executing the extraction operation of the nearest point:
the method comprises the steps of firstly calculating the square of the difference between the longitude of the reservoir station and the longitude of the rainfall station, then calculating the square of the difference between the latitude of the reservoir station and the latitude of the rainfall station, then calculating the geometric mean value L of the square of the difference between the longitude and the latitude, entering the next cycle if L is not smaller than the maximum distance L0, and if L is smaller than the maximum distance L0, storing the reservoir station-rainfall station relation into a configuration base table, and simultaneously enabling the maximum distance L0 to be L so as to narrow the distance range.
And on the basis of a GIS platform, statically associating reservoir sites, reservoir water bodies and downstream influence objects, and establishing a reservoir water regime monitoring graph.
And comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir station with flood control indexes, dividing the real-time water level of the reservoir station into four levels according to flood limit water level, design water level, check water level and dam crest elevation, and carrying out early warning in a grading manner according to four colors of blue, yellow, orange and red. As shown in fig. 11, the reservoir station group in the figure is composed of n1 reservoir objects, and each reservoir object includes a station code, a name, a flood limit water level, a design water level, a check water level, a dam crest elevation, a real-time water level, and an early warning color attribute. The reservoir early warning station set is used for storing reservoir stations with real-time water levels exceeding characteristic water levels (namely, an alarm). Each reservoir corresponds to a water body object, the water body object code is consistent with the reservoir code, and the color of the water body displayed on the GIS platform is the water body color.
Comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir with the characteristic water level:
(1) when the real-time water level is smaller than the flood limit water level, the reservoir has no early warning color;
(2) when the real-time water level is larger than the flood limit water level and smaller than the design water level, the reservoir early warning color is blue, and the reservoir object is added to the reservoir early warning station set;
(3) when the real-time water level is larger than the design water level and smaller than the check water level, the reservoir early warning color is yellow, and the reservoir object is added to the reservoir early warning site set;
(4) when the real-time water level is larger than the check water level and smaller than the dam crest elevation, the reservoir early warning color is orange, and the reservoir object is added to the reservoir early warning station set;
(5) when the real-time water level is higher than the elevation of the dam crest, the reservoir early warning color is red, and the reservoir object is added to the reservoir early warning station set;
and traversing the reservoir early warning site set, extracting water body objects according to the reservoir site codes, setting the reservoir early warning color as the water body color, adding the water body objects to the GIS display platform, and rendering the water body and the boundary in a circulating manner to generate a light-emitting effect.
And (4) associating the real-time water level of the reservoir station with a reservoir discharge curve, realizing water level-flow conversion, and comparing with the safety flow of the downstream influence object. And when the current leakage flow is close to or larger than the safety flow, early warning of downstream influencing objects is carried out. As shown in fig. 12, the reservoir station group in the figure is composed of n1 reservoir objects, each of which includes a station code, a name, a real-time water level, and a discharge curve attribute (real-time flow rate can be calculated from the real-time water level and the discharge curve). The downstream protection object group consists of n1 downstream protection objects, and the downstream protection objects are in one-to-one correspondence with the reservoir objects (the corresponding downstream protection object codes are consistent with the reservoir codes). Each downstream guard object contains a station code, a name, a security traffic, and a house attribute.
Traversing the reservoir station group, and circularly executing the following operations:
calculating the real-time water level of the reservoir through a discharge curve to obtain the real-time flow Q of the reservoir, extracting downstream protection objects according to the reservoir codes and the safe flow Q of the downstream protection objectsAnComparing Q with QAnIf Q is greater than or equal to QAnThe reservoir flow exceeds the safety flow of the downstream protection object, and the early warning is needed to be carried out: and adding the house of the downstream protection object to the GIS display platform, and circularly rendering the house and the boundary to generate a light-emitting effect. If Q is less than QAnThe next cycle is entered.
Each characteristic water level (elevation) can be interactively selected by the water level process line of the reservoir station to form visual comparison and be used for checking the running state of the reservoir, as shown in fig. 13, each water level basic information object of the reservoir in the diagram comprises a station code, a name, a flood limit water level, a historical highest water level, a design water level, a check water level, a weir crest elevation, a dam crest elevation, a dead water level, a year-round same-period water level and a real-time water level. The variable max: maximum water level value in each water level of reservoir object, variable min: the minimum water level value in each water level of the reservoir object.
And adding the real-time water level data to a chart for displaying. And then according to the control to the characteristic water level switch, switch and show the show of each characteristic water level (elevation) data on the chart, the specific characteristic water level has: flood limit water level, historical highest water level, design water level, check water level, weir crest elevation, dam crest elevation, dead water level and perennial contemporaneous water level.
The running state of reservoir can be known according to the contrast of real-time water level and characteristic water level, and the user mode is like: and when the real-time water level and the flood limit water level are displayed simultaneously and the real-time water level is higher than the flood limit water level, the reservoir is in an overtime limit state.
Comparing all the water level data to obtain a maximum value max and a minimum value min, wherein the value of 1.1 times max is taken as the maximum value of the graph, and the value of 0.9 times min is taken as the minimum value of the graph.
And displaying the water level process line of the reservoir station and the rainfall process of the matched rainfall station by using a coordinate axis at the same time for checking the rationality of the rainfall flood effect, wherein each water level basic information object in the diagram comprises a station code, a name and a process water level object set, and each process water level object comprises a water level value and a time attribute, as shown in fig. 14. A set of rainfall objects associated with the reservoir at the rainfall site process, having a length attribute; each process rainfall object in the set in turn contains a rainfall value, a time attribute. Variables are as follows: the rainfall object used for filling has a rainfall value attribute of null: ''.
Generally, the water level process data set and the process rainfall object set cannot be completely matched, and the time attribute of the first piece of data and the time attribute of the last piece of data of the water level process are taken as a boundary to adjust the process rainfall so as to achieve the purpose of consistent time range (horizontal coordinates of a graph) and facilitate comparison and display on the graph.
The method needs to be implemented by two steps, and comprises the following steps:
step one, correcting the first data of the process rainfall object set:
1. extracting a First piece of data Reservoir _ Z _ First in the Reservoir process water level object set and a First piece of data Rainfall _ Rain _ First in the process Rainfall object set;
2. comparing the time attributes of Reservoir _ Z _ First and Rainfall _ Rain _ First:
(I) if the time of Reservoir _ Z _ First is later than the time of Rainfall _ Rain _ First, deleting the First piece of data of the process Rainfall object set, and executing the operation (1) again;
(II) if the time of Reservoir _ Z _ First is earlier than the time of Rainfall _ Rain _ First, creating a Rainfall object, wherein the time attribute is the time of Reservoir _ Z _ First, and the Rainfall value attribute is' and adding the Rainfall object to a process Rainfall object set as First Rainfall data;
and secondly, correcting the data at the end of the rainfall object set:
1. extracting the Last data Reservoir _ Z _ Last in the Reservoir process water level object set and the Last data Rainfall _ Rain _ Last in the process Rainfall object set;
2. comparing the time attributes of Reservoir _ Z _ Last and Rainfall _ Rain _ Last:
if the time of Reservoir _ Z _ Last is earlier than that of Rainfall _ Rain _ Last, deleting the Last piece of data of the Rainfall object set, and executing the operation (1) again;
(II) if the time of Reservoir _ Z _ Last is later than that of Rainfall _ Rain _ Last, creating a Rainfall object, wherein the time attribute is the time of Reservoir _ Z _ Last, and the Rainfall value attribute is' and is added to the Rainfall object set to serve as the Last piece of Rainfall data;
and superposing the reservoir water level process line and the rainfall process to the chart for displaying, thus obtaining the comparative observation effect under the same time axis.
Constructing a reservoir section generalized diagram for checking the reasonability of each flood control characteristic water level and engineering parameter, wherein each reservoir water level basic information object in the diagram comprises basic information such as station codes and names as shown in fig. 15; flood control characteristic water levels such as flood limit water level, historical highest water level, design water level, check water level and dead water level; and engineering parameter information such as crest elevation and dam crest elevation. Variables are as follows: maximum value max of characteristic parameter and minimum value min of characteristic parameter.
Firstly, establishing a chart, and superposing a reservoir section simulation picture to the right side of the chart, wherein the top of the section is a high top elevation;
then, transverse lines with characteristic flood control water levels (flood limit water level, historical highest water level, design water level, check water level and dead water level) of each reservoir station as data and engineering parameters (weir crest elevation) are superposed on the chart to show the height of the transverse lines;
then hiding the transverse coordinate axis of the chart;
and finally, adjusting the longitudinal coordinate axis: and comparing the flood control characteristic water levels and the engineering parameters of the reservoir sites to obtain a maximum value max and a minimum value min, wherein the value 1.1 times max is taken as the display maximum value of the graph, and the value 0.9 times min is taken as the display minimum value of the graph, so that the generalized graph is completed.
Example four
As shown in fig. 16 to 21, the present embodiment is an embodiment of the idea of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 16, the automatic real-time water level of the reservoir is correlated with the characteristic water level (crest elevation) of the reservoir, and the comparison is performed, so that the real-time water level is displayed to exceed the crest elevation for a long time, and the automatic real-time water level is identified to be wrong or wrong in the basic information of the reservoir.
As shown in fig. 17, the automatic real-time water level of the reservoir is correlated with the characteristic water level (dam crest elevation) of the reservoir, and the comparison is performed, so that the real-time water level is shown to exceed the dam crest elevation for a long time, and the automatic real-time water level is identified as an error in the automatic measuring and reporting system or a basic information of the reservoir is identified as an error.
As shown in fig. 18, the real-time water level of a certain reservoir station is associated with the rainfall of a matched rainfall station to form a rainfall flood comparison schematic diagram, and it can be seen that the real-time water level of the reservoir has no change in the three rainfall processes, obviously violates the rainfall convergence law, and belongs to the identification of the fault of the automatic water level measuring and reporting system.
As shown in fig. 19, the real-time water level of a certain reservoir station is associated with the rainfall of a matched rainfall station to form a rainfall flood comparison schematic diagram, and it can be seen that the real-time water level of the reservoir violates the rainfall convergence rule, the real-time water level of the reservoir is in the process of water recession in the process of two raining fields, and the water level is in the process of water rising under the action of downward discharge or evaporation after the rainfall is finished, so that the method belongs to the field of identifying the installation errors of automatic measuring and reporting system instruments.
As shown in fig. 20, the diagram is an stream reservoir position diagram, the distribution map of the measuring areas is the downstream protection range of the reservoir, and the object is the position of the surveyed residential building.
As shown in fig. 21, streams of reservoir show corresponding early warning effects after the real-time water level exceeds the flood limit water level and the discharge rate exceeds the safety flow rate in the primary water-rising process, for the reservoir and the downstream protected objects (residential houses).
In summary, the reservoir early warning monitoring method and system of the four embodiments compare the characteristic water level of the reservoir according to the real-time monitoring water level, realize the visual early warning of the reservoir safety state in a way of color separation and flashing of the water surface image, and ensure the self safety of the reservoir; downstream early warning is provided in a mode that the reservoir discharge rate is associated with the downstream influence object defense standard, and the safety of the downstream influence object is also protected; meanwhile, the effectiveness of early warning is ensured, tools such as rain flood effect comparison, reservoir section generalized graphs and the like are provided to carry out rationality recognition on early warning basis, complex hydrological calculation and comparison analysis processes are simplified into two-dimensional coordinates, visual comparison and display can be realized, and the early warning method is worthy of popularization and use.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The reservoir early warning monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: collection of reservoir basic information to create early warning object
Collecting basic information of the reservoir, creating and coding water body boundary objects of each reservoir, associating the reservoir station codes with the water body boundary object codes to form reservoir early warning object units, and then associating the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level;
meanwhile, establishing and coding a downstream influence object of each reservoir, associating a reservoir station code with the downstream influence object code, storing defense standards or safety flow of the downstream influence object as the attribute of the downstream influence object, and associating the real-time water level of each reservoir with a reservoir discharge curve to realize the conversion of the real-time water level of the reservoir to the discharge flow;
s2: matching rainfall stations and establishing water regime monitoring graphs
Classifying and matching according to the principle that the distance between a reservoir and a rainfall station is the nearest and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic construction, establishing an association relation between the reservoir station and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic rainfall station, and then statically associating the reservoir station, a reservoir water body boundary object and a downstream influence object to establish a reservoir water situation monitoring graph;
s3: carrying out early warning according to early warning basis
Comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level (elevation), and when the real-time water level of the reservoir reaches the corresponding level, carrying out color separation and flashing on the reservoir early warning object units to realize visual early warning;
and comparing the leakage flow with the safety flow of the downstream influence object, and performing visual early warning on the downstream influence object when the leakage flow is more than or equal to the safety flow.
2. The reservoir early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the basic information of the reservoir includes a station name, a station number, coordinates, flood control indexes, a weir crest elevation, and a discharge curve.
3. The reservoir early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the reservoir station code is encoded according to the chinese reservoir name code SL 259-2000.
4. The reservoir early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the downstream influencing objects are coded according to the specification SL767-2018 of mountain torrent disaster investigation and evaluation.
5. The reservoir early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the reservoir sites, the reservoir water body boundary objects, and the downstream influence objects are statically associated with each other, and the reservoir water regime monitoring map is established based on a GIS platform.
6. The reservoir early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the flood control characteristic water level includes a flood limit water level, a design water level, a check water level, and a dam crest elevation, the corresponding levels of the real-time water level of the reservoir are an excess flood limit water level, an excess design water level, an excess check water level, and an excess dam crest elevation, and the colors of the reservoir pre-warning object units when color-separated and flashing are blue, yellow, orange, and red, which respectively correspond to the corresponding levels of the real-time water level of the reservoir in sequence.
7. The reservoir early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, before performing the warning, the rationality of the warning basis is checked, which includes the following steps:
s31: comparing the reservoir water level process line with each flood control characteristic water level line, and checking the running state of the reservoir;
s32: displaying a reservoir water level process line and a rainfall process of the matched rainfall station on a coordinate axis at the same time, and checking the rationality of a rainfall flood effect;
s33: and constructing a reservoir section generalized diagram, and checking the reasonability of each flood control characteristic water level and engineering parameter.
8. A reservoir early warning monitoring system, which performs early warning work by using the reservoir early warning monitoring method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
the early warning object creating module comprises a first creating unit and a second creating unit, wherein the first creating unit is used for creating and coding the water body boundary objects of all the reservoirs, and associating the reservoir station codes with the water body boundary object codes;
the rainfall station matching module is used for carrying out classification matching according to the principle that the distance between the reservoir and the rainfall station is the nearest and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic construction simultaneously, and establishing the incidence relation between the reservoir station and the hydrologic/non-hydrologic rainfall station;
the early warning module comprises a first early warning unit and a second early warning unit, the first early warning unit is used for comparing the real-time water level of the reservoir with each flood control characteristic water level, when the real-time water level of the reservoir reaches a corresponding level, the reservoir early warning object unit flickers in a color separation mode to realize visual early warning, the second early warning unit is used for comparing the discharge flow with the safety flow of a downstream influence object, and when the discharge flow is larger than or equal to the safety flow, visual early warning of the downstream influence object is carried out;
the checking module comprises a first checking unit, a second checking unit and a third checking unit, wherein the first checking unit is used for comparing a reservoir water level process line with each flood control characteristic water level line and checking the running state of the reservoir, the second checking unit is used for displaying the reservoir water level process line and a rainfall process matched with the rainfall station in a time coordinate axis mode and checking the rationality of a rainfall flood effect, and the third checking unit is used for constructing a reservoir section generalized diagram and checking the rationality of each flood control characteristic water level and engineering parameters;
the central processing module is used for sending instructions to other modules to complete related actions;
the early warning object creation module, the rainfall station matching module, the early warning module and the verification module are all electrically connected with the central processing module.
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