CN110672476B - Online measurement method for concentration and granularity of catering oil fume particles - Google Patents
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005250 beta ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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Abstract
The invention relates to an online measurement method for concentration and granularity of food and beverage oil smoke particles. The laser with different wavelengths simultaneously passes through the particle system, the scattered light beams of the particles are imaged simultaneously by adopting an optical detection element, the distribution of the gray signals along the direction of the laser beams under different wavelengths is obtained by carrying out statistical averaging on a large number of scattered light images of the particles, the distribution information corresponds to scattered light integral signals under different angle ranges, and a relation matrix between the particle diameter of the particles and the scattered light signals is solved by an inversion algorithm, so that the particle diameter distribution information can be obtained; obtaining the concentration of the particulate matter by combining a relation model of the concentration and the gray signal obtained by a calibration experiment; a set of non-contact system is adopted to obtain multi-angle multi-wavelength scattered light signals of the catering oil smoke particle groups so as to measure granularity and concentration of the catering oil smoke particles simultaneously, and low-cost maintenance-free online monitoring is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a particulate matter detection technology, in particular to an online measurement method for concentration and granularity of catering oil smoke particulate matters.
Background
In recent years, air pollution in China is increasingly serious, the catering scale in China is increased along with the increase of urban population, the emission of catering oil fume is one of important reasons influencing the air quality, and the catering oil fume is generated by pyrolyzing edible oil and food under a high-temperature condition and has very complex components. Has been proved by researchPM (particulate matter) of winter and summer catering source in oil smoke discharge time period2.5The mass concentration is 3.0-23.9 times of that of the atmosphere in the environment of the day, and PM is generated2.5Mass concentration and PM10The mass concentration ratio is between 0.55 and 0.91, which indicates that the fine particles in the catering oil fume are also one of the main sources of urban air particles. The concentration measurement method of the particulate matter mainly comprises a filter membrane weighing method, a beta ray absorption method, a microbalance oscillation method and a light scattering method, the air-extracting type sampling analysis operation is complex, instruments are expensive, the light scattering method measurement has the advantages of wide applicability, accurate measurement, high speed, no contact and the like, but the light scattering effect of different particle sizes is different, and the concentration is difficult to accurately measure under the condition of unknown particle sizes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an online measurement method for concentration and granularity of food and beverage oil smoke particles, which aims at solving the problem of difficult measurement of the concentration of the food and beverage oil smoke, can synchronously monitor the granularity and the concentration of the food and beverage oil smoke particles on line and realize continuous, low-cost and maintenance-free online monitoring.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for measuring concentration and granularity of catering oil smoke particles on line specifically comprises the following steps:
1) before measurement, a laser, a lens and a camera in the measurement system are arranged on a standard oil fume generation device, the laser is arranged on one side surface of an oil fume pipeline, a light beam illuminates a particle group emitted by the standard oil fume generation device, the optical axis of the lens is vertical to the laser beam, a particle scattered light image shot by the camera through the lens is sent to a computer, and the concentration C of the known particles is obtained0Particle diameter D0And relative refractive index m0The spherical particles are used for calibrating the measuring system to obtain the response coefficient k of the measuring system under different wavelengths1；
2) Fixing a laser, a lens and a camera in the calibrated measuring system in the step 1) on the catering oil smoke measuring section in the same way as in the step 1), and opening image acquisition software of the camera; adjusting the focal length of a lens, focusing on a laser illumination area, and adjusting the exposure time, the gain and the picture size of a camera to enable the maximum value of the image gray scale to be smaller than the saturated gray scale of the image;
3) repeatedly shooting a plurality of particle scattered light images under the measuring working condition, averaging, and storing the obtained images to a computer;
4) extracting the distribution of the gray levels of scattered light images of the particles to the laser with different wavelengths along the laser irradiation direction, namely light scattering integral signals under different angle areas, carrying out sectional statistics on the gray levels of the images along the laser axis direction of the light beams to obtain the scattered light integral signals under different angle ranges, and carrying out normalization processing on the scattered light integral signals to obtain the ratio G' of the gray levels of each section of light beam image to the gray levels of the total light beam image;
5) dispersing the particle size of the particles by using the scattered light energy E of the particle system, and obtaining a coefficient matrix T according to a theoretical model according to the following formula (3);
subscripts i, j and k are the particle size grading number, the light beam segmentation number and the wavelength number respectively; λ is the wavelength of the incident light; i is0Is the incident light intensity; d is the particle size of the particles; ρ is the density of the particle; i.e. i1As a function of the scattering intensity of the vertical scattering surface; i.e. i2As a function of the scattering intensity of the parallel scattering surfaces; theta is a scattering angle, namely an included angle between a connecting line of a scattering point and a main point of the lens and the axial direction of the laser beam; theta1To theta2Receiving a scattering angle range of the light energy for a camera corresponding to the imaging position; m is the relative refractive index of the particles to the medium;
in order to be the azimuth angle,
as calculated by the formula (2),
6) solving the formula (4) by an inversion algorithm to obtain the particle size distribution FV(D)；
G’＝T·FV(D) (4)
7) Known particle size distribution FV(D) And (3) combining the formula (5) and the formula (1), calculating to obtain the mass concentration C of the particles:
G＝k1·Eτ (5)
wherein G is the gray level of the image in the measurement area; τ is the camera exposure time; e is the scattered light energy of the particle system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to an online measurement method for concentration and granularity of catering oil smoke particles, which adopts a set of non-contact system to obtain multi-angle multi-wavelength scattered light signals of catering oil smoke particle groups so as to measure the granularity and the concentration of the catering oil smoke particles simultaneously and realize low-cost maintenance-free online monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the online measurement principle of the concentration and particle size of the catering oil fume particles;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a section for measuring oil smoke particles after one meal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flue outlet measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a schematic diagram of online measurement principle of concentration and granularity of catering oil smoke particles, as shown in figure 1, a system mainly comprises a multi-wavelength continuous laser 1, a camera 2, a lens 3 and a computer 4. The camera 2 is a CMOS camera or a CCD camera, the multi-wavelength continuous laser 1 is incident to the particles to be detected, and the camera 2 is connected with the lens 3. The camera 2 is positioned at the side of the light emitted by the multi-wavelength continuous laser 1, and the images of the scattered light of the particles shot by the lens 3 are sent to the computer 4 for analysis.
According to the Mie scattering theory and the optical imaging theory, when the particles are spherical, the scattered light energy E of the particle system received by the camera during the imaging process is as follows:
wherein C is the mass concentration of the particulate matter; λ is the wavelength of the incident light; i is0Is the incident light intensity; d is the particle size of the particles; fV(D) The percentage of the particles with the particle diameter D to the total volume or mass of the particles is; ρ is the density of the particle; i.e. i1As a function of the scattering intensity of the vertical scattering surface; i.e. i2As a function of the scattering intensity of the parallel scattering surfaces; theta is a scattering angle, namely an included angle between a connecting line of a scattering point and a main point of the lens and the axial direction of the laser beam; theta1To theta2The scattering angle range of the camera corresponding to the imaging position for receiving the light energy is the scattering angle range corresponding to the shot picture; m is the relative refractive index of the particles to the medium;
in order to be the azimuth angle,
calculated from equation (2).
Under the conditions of different light wavelengths or different particle diameters, the distribution trend of the light energy E along with the scattering angle theta is different, namely, the particle diameter distribution information of the particle group can be obtained by inversion by utilizing the distribution of the light energy E under different light wavelengths and different scattering angles. Dispersing the particle size of the particles by the formula (1), obtaining a coefficient matrix T according to a theoretical model, and obtaining the coefficient matrix T as shown in the formula (3),
wherein i, j and k are the number of particle size steps, the number of beam segments and the number of wavelengths respectively. Meanwhile, the light beams are segmented and counted along the direction of the laser optical axis to obtain scattered light integral signals in different angle ranges, and normalization processing is carried out on the scattered light integral signals, namely the gray of each segment of light beam image accounts for the gray of the total light beam imageA ratio of (a); thus, F is obtained by solving equation (4) using an inversion algorithmV(D)。
G’＝T·FV(D) (4)
Knowing the particle size distribution, it is considered that the image gray scale G of the measurement area is proportional to the light energy E, i.e.
G＝k1·Eτ (5)
Wherein τ is the camera exposure time; k is a radical of1The response coefficient of the camera is obtained by pre-calibrating a measuring system. And (3) combining the formula (1) to obtain the mass concentration C of the particles in the measurement area.
A plurality of continuous semiconductor lasers with different wavelengths are placed in parallel and are incident into particles to be measured through wall openings, and the optical axes of the lasers and the optical axis of the lens are vertically arranged.
The measuring method comprises the following steps:
1. before measurement, a laser, a lens and a camera are arranged on a standard oil fume generating device (the concentration C of the particulate matter is known)0Particle diameter D0And relative refractive index m0Spherical particles) to obtain response coefficient k of the measurement system under different wavelengths1。
2. Fixing the measuring device on the catering oil smoke measuring section, opening the image acquisition software of the camera, and adjusting the parameters of the camera. Adjusting the focal length of a lens, focusing on a laser illumination area, and adjusting the exposure time, the gain and the picture size of a camera to enable the maximum value of the image gray scale to be smaller than the saturated gray scale of the image;
3. repeatedly shooting a plurality of particle scattered light images under the measuring working condition, averaging the images, and storing the obtained images to a computer;
4. extracting the distribution of the gray level of a scattered light image of the particles to the laser with different wavelengths along the laser irradiation direction, namely light scattering integral signals under different angle areas, carrying out sectional statistics on the gray level of the image along the laser optical axis direction of a light beam to obtain the scattered light integral signals under different angle ranges, and carrying out normalization processing on the scattered light integral signals to obtain a ratio vector G' on the left side of the equal sign of a formula (4);
5. dispersing the particle size of the particles according to the formula (1), and obtaining a coefficient matrix T according to a theoretical model according to the formula (3);
6. solving the formula (4) by an inversion algorithm to obtain the particle size distribution FV(D)；
7. Knowing the particle size distribution, the mass concentration of particles C is calculated by combining equation (5) and equation (1).
As shown in the embodiment 1 of FIG. 2, a multi-wavelength continuous laser 1 is installed at one side of a catering oil smoke pipeline 5, a camera 2 and a lens 3 are positioned at the other side of the same section to collect a particle scattered light image, and the multi-wavelength continuous laser 1 is composed of three parts, namely 100mW power and 450nm, 532nm and 650nm wavelength respectively. The camera 2 is a CMOS camera, the resolution of the CMOS camera is 1280 × 1024, the maximum frame rate is 150 frames per second, and 12-bit gray images can be output at maximum. The lens 3 is used for collecting scattered light energy, the focal length is 4-16mm, and the aperture is adjustable.
The catering oil smoke particle granularity and concentration measuring method based on multi-angle multi-wavelength light scattering comprises the following steps:
1) arranging a measuring device according to the principle shown in FIG. 1, wherein a multi-wavelength continuous laser 1 is arranged on one side surface of a pipeline, light beams illuminate the central line area of the cross section of the pipeline, an optical axis of a lens 3 is vertical to the laser beams, namely the lens 3 is arranged on the adjacent side surface of the multi-wavelength continuous laser 1, a camera 2 is connected with the lens 3, and the focal length of the lens 3 is adjusted to focus images on the laser beams; the computer 4 is connected to the camera 2.
2) And fixing the measuring device on the catering oil smoke measuring section according to the arrangement mode, opening the computer 4, the camera 2 and the multi-wavelength continuous laser 1, and opening the image acquisition software of the camera. The camera gain, brightness and sharpening values are set to 0 and the camera exposure time τ is adjusted so that the image gray level is moderate and the maximum value is less than the image saturated gray level.
3) Repeatedly shooting a plurality of particle scattered light images under the measuring working condition, averaging the images, and storing the obtained images to a computer;
4) extracting the distribution of the gray level of a scattered light image of the particles to the laser with different wavelengths along the laser irradiation direction, carrying out sectional statistics on the gray level of the image along the laser optical axis direction of a light beam to obtain scattered light integral signals in different angle ranges, and carrying out normalization processing on the scattered light integral signals to obtain a ratio vector G' on the left side of the equal sign of a formula (4);
5) dispersing the particle size of the particles according to the formula (1), and obtaining a coefficient matrix T according to a theoretical model according to the formula (3);
6) solving the formula (4) by adopting an artificial fish shoal inversion algorithm to obtain the particle size distribution FV(D)；
7) And keeping the relevant parameter setting of the measuring device unchanged in the experiment, and installing the measuring device in a calibration experiment device to calibrate the measuring system. Using a certain known particle size D0And relative refractive index m0The spherical particles of (1), dispersed in water, the concentration of the particles being 0.5mg · m-3To 60 mg.m-3Selecting 20 concentration levels at equal intervals within the range; and (5) obtaining light beam imaging pictures under different wavelengths according to the steps (2) to (4).
8) Extracting the gray value G of the picture in the measurement area, and calibrating according to a formula (5) to obtain a corresponding coefficient k1(if I)0Unknown, then calibrate to obtain k1·I0)。
9) Knowing the particle size distribution, the mass concentration of particles C is calculated by combining equation (5) and equation (1).
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 3, for the discharge outlet of the oil smoke pipeline, a corresponding fixing device is manufactured, the multi-wavelength continuous laser 1, the camera 2 and the lens 3 are placed at the outlet of the pipeline, and the measuring steps are the same as the operation process of the embodiment 1.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring concentration and granularity of food and beverage oil smoke particles on line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) before measurement, a laser, a lens and a camera in the measurement system are arranged on a standard oil fume generation device, the laser is arranged on one side surface of an oil fume pipeline, a light beam illuminates a particle group emitted by the standard oil fume generation device, the optical axis of the lens is vertical to the laser beam, a particle scattered light image shot by the camera through the lens is sent to a computer, and the concentration C of the known particles is obtained0Particle diameter D0And relative refractive index m0The spherical particles are used for calibrating a measuring system to obtain measuring systems under different wavelengthsCoefficient of systematic response k1；
2) Fixing a laser, a lens and a camera in the calibrated measuring system in the step 1) on the catering oil smoke measuring section in the same way as in the step 1), and opening image acquisition software of the camera; adjusting the focal length of a lens, focusing on a laser illumination area, and adjusting the exposure time, the gain and the picture size of a camera to enable the maximum value of the image gray scale to be smaller than the saturated gray scale of the image;
3) repeatedly shooting a plurality of particle scattered light images under the measuring working condition, averaging, and storing the obtained images to a computer;
4) extracting the distribution of the gray levels of scattered light images of the particles to the laser with different wavelengths along the laser irradiation direction, namely light scattering integral signals under different angle areas, carrying out sectional statistics on the gray levels of the images along the laser axis direction of the light beams to obtain the scattered light integral signals under different angle ranges, and carrying out normalization processing on the scattered light integral signals to obtain the ratio G' of the gray levels of each section of light beam image to the gray levels of the total light beam image;
5) dispersing the particle size of the particles by using the scattered light energy E of the particle system, and obtaining a coefficient matrix T according to a theoretical model according to the following formula (3);
subscripts i, j and k are the particle size grading number, the light beam segmentation number and the wavelength number respectively; λ is the wavelength of the incident light; i is0Is the incident light intensity; d is the particle size of the particles; ρ is the density of the particle; i.e. i1As a function of the scattering intensity of the vertical scattering surface; i.e. i2As a function of the scattering intensity of the parallel scattering surfaces; theta is a scattering angle, namely an included angle between a connecting line of a scattering point and a main point of the lens and the axial direction of the laser beam; theta1To theta2Receiving a scattering angle range of the light energy for a camera corresponding to the imaging position; m is the relative refractive index of the particles to the medium;
in order to be the azimuth angle,
as calculated by the formula (2),
6) solving the formula (4) by an inversion algorithm to obtain the particle size distribution FV(D)；
G’＝T·FV(D) (4)
7) Known particle size distribution FV(D) And (3) combining the formula (5) and the formula (1), calculating to obtain the mass concentration C of the particles:
G＝k1·Eτ (5)
wherein G is the gray level of the image in the measurement area; τ is the camera exposure time; e is the scattered light energy of the particle system.
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| CN115096768A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-23 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院有限责任公司 | Backlight imaging system and method capable of simultaneously measuring particle size and volume concentration of particles |
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