CN110670062A - Method for preparing super-hydrophobic surface by powder hot pressing - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by powder hot pressing relates to a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of poor mechanical stability of the existing super-hydrophobic surface. The invention comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing metal oxide powder by a combustion method; secondly, hot pressing; and thirdly, modification. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface on the metal such as copper by utilizing powder hot pressing is simple and effective to operate, the obtained super-hydrophobic surface is excellent in mechanical stability (the super-hydrophobic surface still keeps good super-hydrophobicity after ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 120 min), and the method has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface.
Background
A superhydrophobic surface is a surface having a static contact angle (WCA) with water of greater than 150 DEG and a rolling angle of less than 10 deg. The super-hydrophobic material has wide application prospects in the fields of self-cleaning, oil-water separation, reduction of liquid resistance, corrosion prevention, micro-fluidic, anti-icing and the like. The current methods for preparing superhydrophobic surfaces include laser etching, chemical etching, electrostatic spinning, electrochemical methods, hydrothermal synthesis, spray coating, templating, and the like. However, the super-hydrophobic surfaces prepared by the current methods have some problems which limit the wide application of the super-hydrophobic surfaces, and the most typical problem is poor mechanical stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by powder hot pressing, aiming at solving the technical problem of poor mechanical stability of the existing super-hydrophobic surface.
The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface by powder hot pressing is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing metal oxide powder by a combustion method: putting metal nitrate powder into a crucible, adding deionized water to completely dissolve the metal nitrate powder, then adding ethylene glycol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3-10 min to fully dissolve the metal nitrate powder; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating the mixture to 250-300 ℃ from room temperature under the condition that the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature under the condition that the cooling rate is 8-10 ℃/min; taking out the sample, and grinding the sample in a mortar to obtain oxide powder with rough microscopic surface appearance;
the molar ratio of nitrate radical to glycol of the metal nitrate powder is (2-2.5) to 1;
secondly, hot pressing: sequentially polishing the base material with 400#, 600#, 800#, 1200# and 1500# sandpaper, then ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol for 5-10 min, and naturally drying; flatly spreading the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one on a horizontally placed stainless steel net, placing an air-dried base material above the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one to form a sandwich structure, placing the sandwich structure in a vacuum furnace, and keeping the vacuum degree of the sandwich structure at 10-3Pa～5×10-3Pa, for samplesApplying a pressure of 1MPa to 5MPa on the surface, heating the surface from room temperature to 800 ℃ to 880 ℃ under the condition that the heating rate is 10 ℃/min to 15 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 30min to 60min, then cooling the surface to room temperature under the condition that the cooling rate is 8 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, and taking down the stainless steel net;
the aperture of the stainless steel net is 30 μm;
thirdly, modification: and completely immersing the sample with the stainless steel mesh removed in the step two into an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of stearic acid with the concentration of 0.01-0.05 mol/L, standing and soaking for 10-24 h at room temperature, taking out and naturally airing, and obtaining the super-hydrophobic surface on the surface of the base material.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
the preparation of the superhydrophobic surface at present mainly comprises two steps, namely firstly preparing a surface with micro roughness, and then modifying the surface by adopting a low surface energy substance to achieve the superhydrophobic effect.
The first step of the invention is to prepare the oxide powder by a combustion method, which is a method for generating metal oxide by mixing metal nitrate and organic matters such as polyhydric alcohol and the like and then heating and igniting the mixture in the air, and the oxide powder prepared by the method has the advantages of high purity, good microroughness and the like, and is suitable for preparing the super-hydrophobic material.
In the second step of the invention, the oxide powder with micro roughness is combined with the metal matrix in a heating and pressurizing mode, so that on one hand, the oxide powder and the metal matrix have good mechanical combination; on the other hand, the bonding force between the oxide powder and the oxide powder is stronger, so that a super-hydrophobic surface with good mechanical property can be obtained after the modification of the third step.
In the third step of the invention, stearic acid is selected from a plurality of modifying agents, so that the stearic acid has the advantages of low price, no toxicity and no harm, is environment-friendly and is suitable for wide application.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is simple and effective in operation, and the rough surface with stable mechanical properties is obtained by sequentially stacking the substrate, the oxide powder and the stainless steel mesh and then pressurizing and heating in vacuum;
2. the method adopts a combustion method to prepare the metal oxide powder, has simple operation flow and good repeatability, and the obtained powder has good micro roughness and is suitable for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface;
3. the method can be used for preparing a large-area super-hydrophobic surface with excellent mechanical property;
4. in the third step of the invention, stearic acid is used as a modifier, and compared with low surface energy modifiers such as mercaptan, fluoride and the like, the stearic acid is low in price and harmless to people and environment.
The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface on the metal such as copper by utilizing powder hot pressing is simple and effective to operate, the obtained super-hydrophobic surface is excellent in mechanical stability (the super-hydrophobic surface still keeps good super-hydrophobicity after ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 120 min), and the method has a good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of an oxide powder having a rough micro-surface morphology prepared by a combustion process in step one of experiment one;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional surface topography of a sample after the stainless steel mesh is removed in step two of test one;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged image of the raised portion of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a static contact angle (WCA) image of a water drop on a superhydrophobic surface obtained on the surface of a base material at step three of test one;
FIG. 5 is a dynamic rolling angle (SA) image of a water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface obtained on the surface of a base material at step three of experiment one;
FIG. 6 is a contact angle image after sonication for test two;
FIG. 7 is a superhydrophobic surface prepared on a pure titanium substrate for run three;
FIG. 8 is a superhydrophobic surface prepared on a TC4 substrate for experiment four;
FIG. 9 is a superhydrophobic surface prepared on a Q235 steel substrate for run five;
FIG. 10 is a superhydrophobic surface prepared on 441 stainless steel substrate for test six;
FIG. 11 is a photograph showing the cross-sectional structure of the Cu substrate and the cerium oxide powder sample after the stainless steel net is removed in the second step of the first test.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by utilizing powder hot pressing, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing metal oxide powder by a combustion method: putting metal nitrate powder into a crucible, adding deionized water to completely dissolve the metal nitrate powder, then adding ethylene glycol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3-10 min to fully dissolve the metal nitrate powder; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating the mixture to 250-300 ℃ from room temperature under the condition that the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature under the condition that the cooling rate is 8-10 ℃/min; taking out the sample, and grinding the sample in a mortar to obtain oxide powder with rough microscopic surface appearance;
the molar ratio of nitrate radical to glycol of the metal nitrate powder is (2-2.5) to 1;
secondly, hot pressing: sequentially polishing the base material with 400#, 600#, 800#, 1200# and 1500# sandpaper, then ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol for 5-10 min, and naturally drying; flatly spreading the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one on a horizontally placed stainless steel net, placing an air-dried base material above the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one to form a sandwich structure, placing the sandwich structure in a vacuum furnace, and keeping the vacuum degree of the sandwich structure at 10-3Pa～5×10-3Pa, applying pressure of 1-5 MPa to the upper and lower surfaces of the sample, heating to 800-880 ℃ from room temperature under the condition that the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60 min, cooling to room temperature under the condition that the cooling rate is 8-10 ℃/min, and taking down the stainless steel net;
the aperture of the stainless steel net is 30 μm;
thirdly, modification: and completely immersing the sample with the stainless steel mesh removed in the step two into an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of stearic acid with the concentration of 0.01-0.05 mol/L, standing and soaking for 10-24 h at room temperature, taking out and naturally airing, and obtaining the super-hydrophobic surface on the surface of the base material.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the metal nitrate in the first step is transition metal nitrate. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the transition metal nitrate in the first step is zinc nitrate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cerium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate or manganese nitrate. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the molar ratio of nitrate radical to glycol of the metal nitrate powder in the first step is 2: 1. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the stainless steel net in the second step is 304 stainless steel. The rest is the same as the fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: and the base material in the second step is a metal material with plastic deformation at high temperature. The rest is the same as the fourth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: the metal material with plastic deformation at high temperature in the second step is copper, copper alloy, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, silver or platinum. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.
The invention was verified with the following tests:
test one: the test is a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by utilizing powder hot pressing, and is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing metal oxide powder by a combustion method: putting metal nitrate powder into a crucible, adding deionized water to completely dissolve the metal nitrate powder, then adding ethylene glycol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min to fully dissolve the metal nitrate powder; placing in a muffle furnace, heating to 300 deg.C from room temperature under the condition of heating rate of 10 deg.C/min, maintaining for 60min, and cooling to room temperature under the condition of cooling rate of 10 deg.C/min; taking out the sample, and grinding the sample in a mortar to obtain oxide powder with rough microscopic surface appearance;
the molar ratio of nitrate radical to glycol of the metal nitrate powder is 2: 1;
the transition metal nitrate in the first step is Ce (NO)3)3·6H2O；
Secondly, hot pressing: sequentially grinding the base material with 400#, 600#, 800#, 1200# and 1500# sandpaper, ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol for 10min, and naturally drying; flatly spreading the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one on a horizontally placed stainless steel net, placing the aired base material above the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one to form a sandwich structure, placing the sandwich structure in a vacuum furnace, and keeping the vacuum degree at 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, applying 5MPa pressure to the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample, heating the sample from room temperature to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 30min, cooling the sample to room temperature at the cooling rate of 10 ℃/min, and taking down the stainless steel net;
the aperture of the stainless steel net is 30 μm; the stainless steel net is 304 stainless steel;
the base material is a pure copper sheet with the thickness of 2 mm;
thirdly, modification: and D, completely immersing the sample with the stainless steel mesh removed in the step two into an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of stearic acid with the concentration of 0.01mol/L, standing at room temperature for soaking for 24 hours, taking out, naturally airing, and obtaining a super-hydrophobic surface on the surface of the base material.
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the oxide powder having a rough micro-surface morphology prepared by the combustion method in the first step of the first test, and it can be seen from the image that the oxide powder having a rough micro-surface morphology (cerium oxide powder) prepared by the present test has a rough and complicated micro-surface.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional surface topography of the sample after the stainless steel net is removed in the second step of the first test, and it can be seen from the three-dimensional surface topography that the groove structure conforming to the stainless steel net is formed on the surface of the sample after the hot pressing.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged image of the convex portion of fig. 2, and it can be seen that the prepared cerium oxide surface has excellent roughness and is suitable for a super-hydrophobic coating.
Fig. 4 is a static contact angle (WCA) image of a water drop on the superhydrophobic surface obtained on the surface of the base material in the third step of the first test, and fig. 5 is a dynamic rolling angle (SA) image of a water drop on the superhydrophobic surface obtained on the surface of the base material in the third step of the first test, and it can be seen from the images that the static contact angle (WCA) of the water drop is greater than 150 ° and the dynamic rolling angle (SA) is less than 10 °, which proves that the superhydrophobic surface is obtained on the surface of the base material in the present test.
And (2) test II: the matrix material sample with the superhydrophobic surface obtained in the third step of the first test is placed in water for ultrasonic treatment, and fig. 6 shows the contact angle condition after ultrasonic treatment, so that the superhydrophobic surface still keeps good superhydrophobicity after ultrasonic treatment for more than 120min, and the superhydrophobic surface is proved to have good mechanical stability.
And (3) test III: the difference between the test and the first test is that the matrix material adopted in the second step is pure titanium. The rest were the same as test one.
And (4) testing: the difference between this test and the first test is that the matrix material used in the second step was TC 4. The rest were the same as test one.
And (5) testing: the difference between the test and the first test is that the base material adopted in the second step is Q235 steel. The rest were the same as test one.
And (6) test six: the difference between the first test and the second test is that the base material adopted in the second step is 441 stainless steel. The rest were the same as test one.
Fig. 7 shows that the superhydrophobic surface prepared on a pure titanium substrate is tested in the third test, fig. 8 shows that the superhydrophobic surface prepared on a TC4 substrate is tested in the fourth test, fig. 9 shows that the superhydrophobic surface prepared on a Q235 steel substrate is tested in the fifth test, and fig. 10 shows that the superhydrophobic surface prepared on a 441 stainless steel substrate is tested in the sixth test, and it can be seen from the figure that the superhydrophobic surface can be prepared on substrates of Ti, TC4, Q235 steel and 441 stainless steel by using the powder hot pressing method, which proves that the method has a wide application range and a good application prospect.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional structure photograph of the Cu substrate and the cerium oxide powder sample after removing the stainless steel net in the second step of the first test, in which the cerium oxide layer is in the area a and the Cu substrate is in the area B, and it can be seen that the cerium oxide layer and the Cu substrate have a good bonding interface.
Claims (7)
1. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface by powder hot pressing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing metal oxide powder by a combustion method: putting metal nitrate powder into a crucible, adding deionized water to completely dissolve the metal nitrate powder, then adding ethylene glycol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3-10 min to fully dissolve the metal nitrate powder; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating the mixture to 250-300 ℃ from room temperature under the condition that the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature under the condition that the cooling rate is 8-10 ℃/min; taking out the sample, and grinding the sample in a mortar to obtain oxide powder with rough microscopic surface appearance;
the molar ratio of nitrate radical to glycol of the metal nitrate powder is (2-2.5) to 1;
secondly, hot pressing: sequentially polishing the base material with 400#, 600#, 800#, 1200# and 1500# sandpaper, then ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol for 5-10 min, and naturally drying; flatly spreading the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one on a horizontally placed stainless steel net, placing an air-dried base material above the oxide powder with the rough micro surface appearance prepared in the step one to form a sandwich structure, placing the sandwich structure in a vacuum furnace, and keeping the vacuum degree of the sandwich structure at 10-3Pa～5×10- 3Pa, applying pressure of 1-5 MPa to the upper and lower surfaces of the sample, heating to 800-880 ℃ from room temperature under the condition that the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60 min, cooling to room temperature under the condition that the cooling rate is 8-10 ℃/min, and taking down the stainless steel net;
the aperture of the stainless steel net is 30 μm;
thirdly, modification: and completely immersing the sample with the stainless steel mesh removed in the step two into an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of stearic acid with the concentration of 0.01-0.05 mol/L, standing and soaking for 10-24 h at room temperature, taking out and naturally airing, and obtaining the super-hydrophobic surface on the surface of the base material.
2. The method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface using powder hot pressing according to claim 1, wherein the metal nitrate in the first step is a transition metal nitrate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transition metal nitrate in the first step is zinc nitrate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cerium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate or manganese nitrate.
4. The method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface using powder hot pressing according to claim 1, wherein the metal nitrate powder in the first step has a molar ratio of nitrate to glycol of 2: 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the stainless steel net in the second step is 304 stainless steel.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the base material in the second step is a metal material having a shape deformation at a high temperature.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the metal material having plastic deformation at high temperature in the second step is copper, copper alloy, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, silver or platinum.
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