CN110668719B - Vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler and cooling method - Google Patents
Vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler and cooling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110668719B CN110668719B CN201911112188.8A CN201911112188A CN110668719B CN 110668719 B CN110668719 B CN 110668719B CN 201911112188 A CN201911112188 A CN 201911112188A CN 110668719 B CN110668719 B CN 110668719B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
- C04B7/47—Cooling ; Waste heat management
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
- C04B7/47—Cooling ; Waste heat management
- C04B7/475—Cooling ; Waste heat management using the waste heat, e.g. of the cooled clinker, in an other way than by simple heat exchange in the cement production line, e.g. for generating steam
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cement sintering equipment, and particularly relates to a vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler, wherein the upper layer of the cooler is a kiln door cover; a fine material cooling area is arranged at one side, close to the rotary kiln, below the kiln door cover, and a coarse material cooling area is arranged at one side of the fine material cooling area and is separated by a separation cooling wall; the upper end of the fine material cooling zone is obliquely provided with a two-stage screening grid plate for filtering clinker; the lower layer of the cooler is provided with a secondary cooling zone for cooling all blanking again, the secondary cooling zone comprises a plurality of blanking ash hoppers arranged at the bottom end of the cooler, and the blanking ash hoppers finally collect the cooled clinker into the zipper machine below the cooler. The invention realizes the graded and separate cooling of the clinker, can achieve good heat exchange effect, and simultaneously reduces the material layer resistance of the clinker, thereby achieving the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction; realizes the countercurrent heat exchange process of clinker and air twice, and has good cooling effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cement sintering equipment, in particular to a vertical cement clinker grate type particle classification cooler and a cooling method.
Background
The cooler is a cooling device commonly used in cement firing systems; at present, a horizontal cooler is mainly adopted in the industry, but the existing horizontal cooler does not carry out particle size separation, and the heat exchange of air flow and solids is carried out through local countercurrent heat exchange; meanwhile, the cooling air quantity required by the horizontal cooler is large, and the power consumption is high; in addition, only hot air in the first three air chambers returns to the sintering system, and the heat recovery efficiency is low.
On the other hand, the existing vertical cooler finishes heat exchange through downward movement of vertical stacked clinker and countercurrent movement of cooling air moving upwards, so that the efficiency of gas-solid heat exchange is greatly improved, the air quantity for the cooler is reduced, and the heat consumption and the electricity consumption are reduced; but also has the following problems:
1) In order to improve the cement quality, the clinker discharged from the rotary kiln needs to be rapidly cooled; in the upper space of the vertical cooler, the kiln clinker is subjected to heat exchange with high-temperature air (above 600 ℃), and the quenching effect of the kiln clinker is hardly achieved;
2) The vertical stacking material has larger resistance, and according to experimental data and field tests, the clinker with the thickness of 100mm can bring about 800Pa of air resistance, and if the thickness of the clinker is more than 1.5m, 12000Pa of air pressure is needed, which does not comprise the resistance of equipment such as a grate plate, a roller crusher and the like. Too high a resistance results in an increase in power consumption, which is not compatible with the original purpose of providing vertical cooling. Therefore, the vertical cooler is still in the theoretical calculation stage, and cases of successful use are rare.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention develops a vertical cement clinker pneumatic particle classification cooler and a cooling method; the specific scheme is as follows: 1. performing sectional blasting, and introducing new cooling air into the upper part of the cooler to enhance the quenching effect of clinker; 2. the coarse and fine separation of clinker particles is carried out, the resistance of coarse particle clinker in the stacking state is greatly reduced, the air resistance of coarse particles is reduced to about 1/3 according to ergun equation, and even if the stacking height of coarse particles reaches 2m, the resistance does not exceed 10000Pa.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler is characterized in that the upper layer of the cooler is a kiln door cover; one side of the kiln door cover is connected with a rotary kiln and a tertiary air pipe; the tertiary air pipe is communicated with the decomposing furnace;
a fine material cooling area is arranged below the kiln door cover and close to one side of the rotary kiln, and comprises a fine material side air inlet and a fine material side air outlet for reversely exchanging heat to blanking; the side far away from the rotary kiln is a coarse material cooling zone, and the bottom of the coarse material cooling zone comprises a coarse material side air inlet arranged on the side surface of the zone; the fine material cooling area is separated from the coarse material cooling area by a separation cooling wall;
two-stage screening grate plates for filtering clinker are obliquely arranged at the upper end of the fine material cooling zone, the two-stage screening grate plates are all arranged right below a kiln discharging point of the rotary kiln, and the lower end parts of the two-stage screening grate plates are connected with the upper end of the isolation cooling wall; in addition, the two-stage screening grid plates are arranged in parallel and form an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the horizontal direction; the size of the grate seam of the upper grate plate is larger than that of the lower grate plate;
the lower layer of the cooler is provided with a secondary cooling zone for cooling all blanking again, the secondary cooling zone comprises a plurality of blanking ash hoppers arranged at the bottom end of the cooler, and the blanking ash hoppers finally collect the cooled clinker into the zipper machine below the cooler.
Further, the two-stage screening grating plates are made of nickel alloy, and ceramic patches are arranged on the contact surfaces of the grating plates and clinker; the two-stage screening grating plate is internally provided with a hollow shell structure, and a plurality of ventilation holes which can enable external wind sources to enter the cooler are arranged at the position of the grating plate opposite to the grating seam; the inside of the grate plate is connected with a ventilator outside the cooler, and normal-temperature air is blown into the grate plate from one side through the ventilator and is discharged from a vent hole at the other side.
Further, a plurality of air cannons for blowing the grate plates are arranged above the two-stage screening grate plates, and the air cannons are opposite to clinker particles at the upper parts of the grate plates; the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plates are respectively provided with a pressure sensor, and the operation of the air cannon is controlled by the feedback signals of the pressure sensors.
Further, a rod valve or a gate valve is arranged at the bottom of the fine material area, a blanking pore plate is arranged below the rod valve or the gate valve, the blanking pore plate is a metal plate perforated in the thickness direction, and cooled fine materials enter the secondary cooling area through the blanking pore plate.
Further, the bottom of the coarse fodder cooling zone is provided with a plurality of pairs of roller crushers, two sides of each pair of roller crushers are respectively provided with a baffle plate for guiding coarse fodder into a roller gap, and the roller crushers can crush clinker with large grain size to the required grain size.
Further, the coarse material cooling area also comprises a plurality of layers of columnar metal grids horizontally arranged at the upper part of the roller crusher, and each layer of metal grids comprises a plurality of support columns which are inserted into the cooler from the outside at equal intervals; the support column is a hollow shell structure with a plurality of ventilation holes on the surface; the inner side of the support column is communicated with an air blower outside the cooler, and the air blower blows air into the cooler through the air holes.
Further, the coarse material side air inlet and/or the fine material side air inlet are downwards inclined at 40-50 degrees and enter the cooler.
Furthermore, the cooling method of the vertical cement clinker pneumatic particle classification cooler comprises the following steps:
s1, clinker burned from a rotary kiln falls onto a first-stage screening grate plate through a kiln door cover, and the first-stage screening grate plate can filter out large clinker and buffer the clinker falling; the second-stage screening grid plate further carries out secondary screening on clinker; meanwhile, the air cannon performs irregular purging on the materials on the grate plate to prevent the grate seam from being blocked;
s2, vertically dropping the fine materials after screening and filtering into the bottom of a fine material cooling area; in the falling process, the cooling wind continuously cools the fine materials;
s3, clinker exceeding the gap of the grate plate slides into the coarse material cooling area, coarse material is piled up on one side close to the fine material cooling area and piled up to a certain height, and coarse material particles move downwards to perform countercurrent heat exchange with cooling air;
s4, crushing the cooled coarse particles into smaller particles by a roller crusher, and enabling the smaller particles to enter a secondary cooling area; the fine materials on the other side also fall into a secondary cooling area after being cooled;
s5, re-cooling the coarse clinker and the fine clinker in a secondary cooling area, controlling the temperature within 100 ℃, and finally discharging the coarse clinker and the fine clinker to an external zipper machine through a blanking ash bucket;
s6, the high-temperature air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through the kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature air is taken as secondary air and enters the rotary kiln as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature air is taken as tertiary air and enters the tertiary air pipe and is sent to the decomposing furnace as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the decomposing furnace.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the grain size distribution range of the existing cement clinker is 0.1-500 mm, wherein the grain size of more than 10mm accounts for 60-80%, and the larger the grain size, the harder the clinker is cooled. The invention provides a method for gradually filtering clinker after kiln discharge by utilizing a screening grate plate, thereby realizing the grading of the particle size of clinker particles, and cooling the clinker particles respectively, not only achieving good heat exchange effect, but also reducing the material layer resistance of the clinker, greatly reducing the air quantity for a cooler, ensuring the clinker temperature of the cooler to be within 100 ℃ and reducing the power consumption for sintering; meanwhile, low air quantity means that the air temperature is increased after cooling, the heat recovery efficiency is improved, and the heat consumption of the system can be reduced or converted into waste heat power generation.
The vertical cooler of the invention also controls the clinker temperature of the final cooler to be within 100 ℃ through the two cooling processes of clinker from top to bottom, and has good cooling effect;
the air cannon is arranged to be matched with the pressure sensor on the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plate, the distribution condition of materials on the grate plate can be judged by monitoring the pressure difference on the upper side and the lower side of the grate plate, and once the condition that the materials block the grate seam occurs, the air cannon can purge the upper side of the grate plate, or the ventilation of the grate plate is increased, and clinker particles at the grate seam can be directly purged.
The high-temperature hot air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through the kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature hot air is taken as secondary air to enter the rotary kiln and is taken as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature hot air is taken as tertiary air to enter the tertiary air pipe and is sent to the decomposing furnace and is taken as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the decomposing furnace, so that the heat recovery efficiency is high.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a chiller in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of a chiller in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a chiller in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the state of use of the cooler in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a primary screening grate plate in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a rotary kiln; 2. a tertiary air duct; 3. kiln door cover; 4. a fines cooling zone; 41. a first-stage screening grid plate; 42. a second-stage screening grid plate; 43. a grate slit; 44. fine material side air inlet; 45. a vent hole; 46. fine material side air outlet; 47. an air cannon; 48. a fines stick valve; 49. a blanking pore plate; 5. a coarse material cooling zone; 51. coarse material side air inlet; 52. a striker plate; 53. a roller crusher; 54. a metal grid; 6. isolating the cooling wall; 7. a blanking ash bucket; 71. a lower layer cooling air inlet; 72. and a lower layer cooling air outlet.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following examples, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention discloses a vertical cement clinker grate type particle classification cooler, wherein the upper layer of the cooler is a kiln door cover 3; one side of the kiln door cover 3 is connected with the rotary kiln 1 and the tertiary air pipe 2; the tertiary air pipe 2 is communicated with the decomposing furnace; the clinker temperature after the calcination in the rotary kiln is generally about 1400 ℃, falls after being discharged through a kiln door cover 3, and carries out particle classification and cooling; the high-temperature air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through the kiln door cover 3, wherein one part of the high-temperature air is taken as secondary air to enter the rotary kiln 1 and is taken as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature air is taken as tertiary air to enter the tertiary air pipe 2 and is sent to the decomposing furnace to be taken as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the decomposing furnace;
a fine material cooling area 4 is arranged below the kiln door cover 3 and close to the rotary kiln, a coarse material cooling area 5 is arranged on the side far away from the rotary kiln 1, and the fine material cooling area is separated from the coarse material cooling area by an isolation cooling wall 6 vertically arranged in the cooler; specifically, the isolation cooling wall 6 vertically passes through the middle part of the cooler in a mode of protecting temperature-resistant metal and castable, so that the coarse material cooling area 4 and the fine material cooling area 5 are separated. Specifically, the isolating cooling wall body is made of high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy, and the exterior of the wall body is wrapped with castable for heat preservation and high-temperature protection.
The fine material cooling zone 4 is used for accumulating fine materials with the grain diameter smaller than 10mm in the kiln clinker, and the fine materials reversely move with cooling air to exchange heat in an accumulating state, wherein the accumulating height of the fine materials is about 500-800 mm, and the residence time of the fine materials in the fine material cooling zone 4 is about 20min;
the upper end of the fine material cooling zone 4 is provided with a first-stage screening grate 41 for filtering clinker, and the grate is arranged right below a kiln discharging and discharging point of the rotary kiln; in order to prevent accumulation, a first-stage screening grid plate 41 is obliquely arranged in the cooler at an angle of 40-60 degrees downwards from the horizontal direction, and two ends of the first-stage screening grid plate are supported by adopting a supporting structure; preferably, the distance L between the highest point of the grate plate and the discharging point (the lowest discharging point of the rotary kiln) is about 400-1000 mm;
a second-stage screening grid plate 42 is arranged in parallel at the position 400-800 mm below the first-stage screening grid plate 41; the size of the grate slits 43 of the first-stage screening grate plate is larger than that of the grate slits 43 of the second-stage screening grate plate; the lower end of the two-stage screening grate plate is connected with the upper end of the isolation cooling wall; so that coarse-grain clinker subjected to two-stage filtration can fall into the coarse-grain cooling zone 5; the two-stage screening grate plate is made of nickel alloy, and is resistant to deformation at 1500 ℃, and ceramic patches are arranged on the contact surface of the grate plate and clinker so as to prevent the grate plate from being worn.
Preferably, the two-stage screening grid plate adopts an internal hollow shell structure; the grid plate is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 45 which can enable external wind sources to enter the cooler at the position opposite to the grid gaps 43, the inside of the grid plate is connected with a ventilator outside the cooler, and normal-temperature air is blown into the grid plate from one side through the ventilator and is discharged from the ventilation holes at the other side; the remaining air that does not enter the cooler enters a waste heat boiler or an exhaust gas treatment system. The effect of cooling the grate plate is to reduce the temperature of the grate plate, keep the hardness and rigidity of the grate plate, and avoid deformation or abrasion by clinker. The temperature of the grate plate can be controlled to be about 200 ℃ through air cooling, and meanwhile, high-pressure gas is sprayed out of the air holes 45 to sweep the grate seams 43, so that the grate seams 43 can be prevented from accumulating materials.
In addition, the bottom of the fine material cooling zone 4 includes fine material side air inlets 44 arranged on both sides of the fine material cooling zone and on the front side of the cooler (seen from the direction of the rotary kiln); the fine material side air inlet is led in normal temperature air to cool the fine material side materials at one stage, the fine material side air inlet is inclined downwards by 40-50 degrees to enter the fine material cooling area 4, the materials can be prevented from entering the kiln door cover 3 or the coarse material cooling area 5 along with wind, meanwhile, the entering cooling wind can be provided with a downward speed component, and the gas material heat exchange time is prolonged.
The fine material side air inlet 44 and the fine material side air outlet 46 form circulating air for reversing heat exchange of blanking, and in addition, a large amount of hot air can be prevented from being blown upwards from the screening grid plate by discharging the hot air, so that clinker particles float above the screening grid plate, and the grid joints 43 are blocked.
The particle size distribution of the cement burned clinker is in the range of 0.1-500 mm, wherein the particle size of more than 10mm accounts for 60-80%, and the larger the particle size, the harder the clinker is cooled. Preferably, the grate clearance of the primary screening grate plate 41 is 50-150 mm; the grate gaps of the two-stage screening grate plates 42 are 10-20mm, so that fine materials with the grain diameter smaller than 10-20mm in the kiln clinker are screened by the two-stage grate plates and then fall into a fine material cooling zone 4 at the lower side;
in order to prevent materials from accumulating above the grate plates, a plurality of air cannons 47 are arranged above the two-stage screening grate plates in a short distance, and the air cannons are opposite to clinker particles at the upper parts of the screening grate plates; the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plates are respectively provided with a pressure sensor, and the operation of the air cannon is controlled by the feedback signals of the pressure sensors. Once the material blocks the grate 43, the air cannon 47 can be used for purging the upper part of the screening grate plate or increasing the ventilation of the screening grate plate, so as to directly purge the grate 43.
The bottom of the fine material cooling zone 4 is also provided with a fine material rod valve 48 (or a gate valve) for supporting fine materials, the stacking height of the fine material zone is adjusted through the opening degree of the fine material rod valve 48, and the insertion depth and the number of the fine material rod valves are different, so that the discharging speed of the fine materials can be changed; preferably, the fines cooling zone 4 further comprises a blanking orifice 49 disposed below the fines wand valve 48; the blanking pore plate is a metal plate with holes in the thickness direction, and the hole height is 20-50 mm; the blanking orifice 49 cooperates with a stick valve or a gate valve to control the blanking speed of the fines. The cooled fines pass through a blanking orifice 49 into the secondary cooling zone of the lower layer.
Coarse materials with the grain diameter larger than 10mm in the kiln clinker are sieved by a two-stage sieving grate plate and then slide into the coarse material cooling zone 5 along the grate plate direction, the coarse particle clinker has larger grain size, large porosity in a stacking state and smaller air resistance, the coarse material is more difficult to cool compared with the fine particle clinker, the stacking height of the materials on the coarse material side is about 2-2.5 m, and the residence time is about 30min.
The bottom of the coarse fodder cooling zone 5 also comprises coarse fodder side air inlets 51 arranged on the side of the zone so as to perform primary cooling on the coarse fodder after sieving. As with the fine material side air inlets 44, the coarse material side air inlets 51 are arranged on both sides of the coarse material cooling zone 5 and on the back side of the cooler (seen from the direction of the rotary kiln), being inclined downward by 40 to 50 ° into the coarse material cooling zone 5.
The roller crusher 53 at the bottom of the coarse material cooling zone 5 is used for crushing the coarse grain clinker after primary cooling, and the stacking height of the coarse material cooling zone 5 is controlled through the gap of the roller press. It is generally required that the clinker particles after crushing by the roller crusher 53 are smaller than 10mm. Preferably, 2-3 pairs of roller crushers 53 are arranged at the bottom of the coarse material cooling zone 5, a baffle plate 52 for guiding coarse material into a roller gap is arranged on two sides of each pair of roller crushers 53, and large-particle clinker is accumulated in the coarse material cooling zone and slowly passes through the roller gap between the roller crushers 53 downwards and then enters the bottom end of the cooler.
The bulk height of the large-particle clinker layer in the coarse-material cooling zone 5 is about 2-2.5 m, the weight is about 180 tons, the residence time is about 30min, and countercurrent heat exchange is carried out with the upward movement cooling air. In order to reduce the bearing load of the roller crusher 53, the coarse material cooling zone 5 further comprises 4-6 layers of columnar metal grids horizontally arranged at the upper part of the roller crusher, and each layer of metal grids comprises a plurality of support columns which are inserted into the cooler from the outside at equal intervals; the support column is a hollow shell structure with a plurality of ventilation holes on the surface; the inner side of the support column is communicated with an air blower outside the cooler, and the hollow support column can uniformly distribute cooling air entering the hollow support column in clinker through the air holes, so that the effect of air quantity homogenization is achieved, or the cooling air is directly and uniformly introduced into materials through the grid support column. The gap distance between adjacent support columns is 300mm or more, so that the porosity of clinker can be increased, and meanwhile, the gap distance is used as a clinker bearing support to reduce the pressure of the clinker on the roller press.
The lower layer of the cooler is provided with a secondary cooling zone for cooling all blanking again, the secondary cooling zone comprises a blanking ash bucket 7 arranged at the bottom end of the cooler, and the blanking ash bucket 7 finally collects the cooled clinker in a centralized manner into a zipper machine below the cooler. Preferably, 4 inverted cone-shaped ash hoppers 7 which are uniformly arranged are arranged at the bottom of the cooler;
the 4 ash discharging hoppers 7 are respectively provided with a lower layer cooling air inlet 71, so that the discharging temperature is kept below 100 ℃; the upper end of the blanking ash bucket 7 is provided with a lower layer cooling air outlet 72 which is used for discharging the cooling air after secondary cooling to a waste heat boiler or kiln head waste gas treatment device. Preferably, the lower layer cooling air outlet is provided at one side of the coarse material particles to prevent the cooling air from obstructing the fine material falling.
Preferably, an air cooler is shared among the 4 blanking ash hoppers 7, and the cooling air quantity of the air cooler to the whole blanking ash hopper 7 can reach 0.4-0.5Nm3/kgcl.
The invention also discloses a cooling method of the vertical cement clinker grate type particle classification cooler, which comprises the following steps:
s1, clinker burned from a rotary kiln falls above a first-stage screening grate 41 through a kiln door cover 3, and the first-stage screening grate 41 can filter out large clinker and buffer the falling of the clinker; the secondary screening grate 42 further screens the clinker; simultaneously, the air cannon 47 performs the irregular purging on the materials on the grate plate to prevent the grate 43 from being blocked;
s2, vertically dropping the fine materials after screening and filtering into the bottom of the fine material cooling zone 4; in the falling process, the cooling wind continuously cools the fine materials; the stacking height of the fine material cooling zone 4 is in the range of 500-800 mm, the residence time in the fine material stacking zone is about 20min, the material layer resistance is about 5000-8000 Pa, the cooling air quantity blown in from the fine material side is about 0.2-0.4 Nm < 3 >/kgcl (calculated according to the unit grate cooler clinker productivity);
s3, clinker exceeding the gap of the grate plate slides into the coarse material cooling zone 5, and coarse materials are piled up on one side close to the fine material cooling zone 4; when the coarse material particles are piled up to a certain height, the coarse material particles move downwards to perform countercurrent heat exchange with cooling air, the piled up height of the coarse material can reach 2-2.5 m, the residence time is about 30min, the clinker and the cooling air can be ensured to perform heat exchange fully, the cooling air quantity at the coarse material side is about 0.5-0.7 Nm < 3 >/kgcl, and the nominal air speed of the cooling air in the cooling area is about 2m/s. After the heat exchange is completed, the coarse-grain clinker is heated to 1200 ℃ with cooling air at about 300 ℃. The cooling air may be blown in directly through a side inlet or through a support grid arranged inside the cooler;
s4, crushing the cooled coarse particles to smaller particles by a roller crusher 53, and enabling the smaller particles to enter a secondary cooling zone, wherein the roller crusher 53 can control the final granularity of clinker and the stacking height of the coarse material cooling zone 5; as a resistance source, the roller crusher 53 can prevent the primary cooling zone and the secondary cooling zone from blowing; the fine materials on the other side also fall into a secondary cooling area after being cooled;
s5, re-cooling the coarse clinker and the fine clinker in a secondary cooling area, controlling the temperature within 100 ℃, and finally discharging the coarse clinker and the fine clinker to an external zipper machine through a blanking ash bucket 7;
s6, the high-temperature air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through the kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature air is taken as secondary air and enters the rotary kiln as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature air is taken as tertiary air and enters the tertiary air pipe and is sent to the decomposing furnace as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the decomposing furnace.
The foregoing describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A vertical cement clinker grate type granule classifying cooler is characterized in that: the upper layer of the cooler is a kiln door cover; one side of the kiln door cover is connected with a rotary kiln and a tertiary air pipe; the tertiary air pipe is communicated with the decomposing furnace;
a fine material cooling area is arranged below the kiln door cover and close to one side of the rotary kiln, and comprises a fine material side air inlet and a fine material side air outlet for reversely exchanging heat to blanking; a coarse material cooling area is arranged at one side of the fine material cooling area, and the bottom of the coarse material cooling area comprises a coarse material side air inlet arranged at the side surface of the coarse material cooling area; the fine material cooling area is separated from the coarse material cooling area by a separation cooling wall;
two-stage screening grate plates for filtering clinker are obliquely arranged at the upper end of the fine material cooling zone, the two-stage screening grate plates are all arranged right below a kiln discharging point of the rotary kiln, and the lower end parts of the two-stage screening grate plates are connected with the upper end of the isolation cooling wall; the two-stage screening grid plates are arranged in parallel and form an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the horizontal direction; the size of the grate seam of the upper grate plate is larger than that of the lower grate plate;
the lower layer of the cooler is provided with a secondary cooling zone for cooling all blanking again, the secondary cooling zone comprises a plurality of blanking ash hoppers arranged at the bottom end of the cooler, and the blanking ash hoppers finally collect the cooled clinker into a zipper machine below the cooler;
the two-stage screening grate plates are made of nickel alloy, and ceramic patches are arranged on the contact surfaces of the grate plates and clinker; the two-stage screening grating plates are hollow, and a plurality of ventilation holes for enabling external wind sources to enter the cooler are arranged at positions of the screening grating plates, which are opposite to the grating gaps; the inside of the grate plate is connected with a ventilator outside the cooler, and normal-temperature air is blown into the grate plate from one side through the ventilator and is discharged from a vent hole at the other side;
an air cannon for blowing the two-stage screening grate plates is arranged at the upper position of the two-stage screening grate plates, and the air cannon is opposite to clinker particles at the upper part of the grate plates; the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plates are respectively provided with a pressure sensor, and the operation of the air cannon is controlled by the feedback signals of the pressure sensors;
the bottom of the coarse material cooling zone is provided with a plurality of pairs of roller crushers, two sides of each pair of roller crushers are respectively provided with a baffle plate for guiding coarse materials into a roll gap, and the roller crushers can crush clinker with large particle size to the required particle size; the coarse material cooling area also comprises a plurality of layers of columnar metal grids horizontally arranged at the upper part of the roller crusher, and each layer of metal grids comprises a plurality of support columns which are inserted into the cooler from the outside at equal intervals; the support column is a hollow shell structure with a plurality of ventilation holes on the surface; the inner side of the support column is communicated with an air blower outside the cooler, and the air blower blows air into the cooler through the air holes;
a rod valve or a gate valve is arranged at the bottom of the fine material area, and a blanking pore plate is arranged below the rod valve or the gate valve; the blanking orifice is a metal plate with holes along the thickness direction, and the cooled fine materials enter the secondary cooling area through the blanking orifice; the bottom of the fine material cooling zone comprises fine material side air inlets which are arranged at the two sides of the fine material cooling zone and the front of the cooler; the fine material side air inlet is filled with normal-temperature air to cool the fine material side materials at one stage, the fine material side air inlet is inclined downwards by 40-50 degrees to enter a fine material cooling area, the materials are prevented from entering a kiln door cover or a coarse material cooling area along with wind, and meanwhile, a downward speed component is given to the entering cooling wind, so that the gas material heat exchange time is prolonged;
the fine material side air inlet and the fine material side air outlet form circulating air for reversing heat exchange of blanking, and in addition, a large amount of hot air can be prevented from being blown upwards from the screening grid plate by discharging the hot air, so that clinker particles float above the screening grid plate, and a grid seam is blocked;
and the coarse material side air inlet is downwards inclined at 40-50 degrees and enters the cooler.
2. The vertical cement clinker grate type granule classification cooler of claim 1, wherein: the isolating cooling wall body is made of high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy, and the exterior of the wall body is wrapped with castable.
3. A method of cooling a vertical cement clinker grate type granule classified cooler according to any one of claims 1-2, comprising the steps of:
s1, clinker burned from a rotary kiln falls onto a first-stage screening grate plate through a kiln door cover, and the first-stage screening grate plate can filter out large clinker and buffer the clinker falling; the second-stage screening grid plate further carries out secondary screening on clinker; meanwhile, the air cannon performs irregular purging on the materials on the grate plate to prevent the grate seam from being blocked;
s2, vertically dropping the fine materials after screening and filtering into the bottom of a fine material cooling area; in the falling process, the cooling wind continuously cools the fine materials;
s3, clinker exceeding the gap of the grate plate slides into the coarse material cooling area, coarse material is piled up on one side close to the fine material cooling area and piled up to a certain height, and coarse material particles move downwards to perform countercurrent heat exchange with cooling air;
s4, crushing the cooled coarse particles into smaller particles by a roller crusher, and enabling the smaller particles to enter a secondary cooling area; the fine materials on the other side also fall into a secondary cooling area after being cooled;
s5, re-cooling the coarse clinker and the fine clinker in a secondary cooling area, controlling the temperature within 100 ℃, and finally discharging the coarse clinker and the fine clinker to an external zipper machine through a blanking ash bucket;
s6, the high-temperature air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through the kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature air is taken as secondary air and enters the rotary kiln as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature air is taken as tertiary air and enters the tertiary air pipe and is sent to the decomposing furnace as combustion air for combustion of fuel in the decomposing furnace.
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| DE19502108A1 (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-07-25 | Karl Von Wedel | Bulk material e.g. cement clinker cooling process |
| CN101231145A (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2008-07-30 | 万大龙 | High-efficiency low-leaking low-abrasion inflating beam grid cold machine |
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| CN107883776A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-06 | 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 | A kind of cooler and cooling means of high efficiency composition vertical cement calcination of chamotte |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19502108A1 (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-07-25 | Karl Von Wedel | Bulk material e.g. cement clinker cooling process |
| CN101231145A (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2008-07-30 | 万大龙 | High-efficiency low-leaking low-abrasion inflating beam grid cold machine |
| CN105180662A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-23 | 天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司 | High-temperature particulate material stage cooling method and device |
| CN107883776A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-06 | 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 | A kind of cooler and cooling means of high efficiency composition vertical cement calcination of chamotte |
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