CN110665638A - Variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage - Google Patents
Variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110665638A CN110665638A CN201911069428.0A CN201911069428A CN110665638A CN 110665638 A CN110665638 A CN 110665638A CN 201911069428 A CN201911069428 A CN 201911069428A CN 110665638 A CN110665638 A CN 110665638A
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- magnetic separation
- garbage
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- ferromagnetic
- household garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/16—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts
- B03C1/22—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts with non-movable magnets
Abstract
The invention provides a variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage, which mainly comprises a metal detection device, a magnetic separation device, a strip-shaped electromagnet, a roller, a control box, a collecting tank and the like. During magnetic separation, the controller can change the magnitude of output current according to the detected content of ferromagnetic garbage, so as to adjust the electromagnetic field intensity of the strip-shaped electromagnet; when the content of the ferromagnetic garbage is detected to be high, the current is increased, the magnetic field intensity for adsorbing the ferromagnetic garbage is enhanced, when the content of the ferromagnetic garbage is detected to be low, the output current is not immediately reduced, but the output current is reduced after a certain time delay, so that the ferromagnetic garbage in the household garbage can be completely separated by magnetic separation, the ferromagnetic garbage in the household garbage can be separated by magnetic separation, the energy can be saved, and the service life of the magnetic separation device can be prolonged. The device can realize the high-efficiency and accurate magnetic separation of the household garbage, reduce the energy consumption, protect the environment and effectively avoid the damage of ferromagnetic garbage to the incinerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage, in particular to variable magnetic separation, which is mainly used for magnetic separation of solid ferromagnetic household garbage and the like, saves energy, protects the environment and protects an incinerator from being damaged in the incineration process.
Technical Field
The solid household garbage refers to solid waste generated in daily life of people, has complex components, various types and different volumes, greatly pollutes the environment if the solid household garbage is not treated in time, is harmful to the health of people, and simultaneously occupies a large amount of land resources. In the prior art, solid domestic garbage treatment mainly comprises three types of sanitary landfill, composting and incineration, wherein the incineration can greatly reduce the volume and weight of the garbage, and the heat of combustion can be recycled, so that the method becomes a hot treatment mode. However, domestic garbage in China is complex in components and different in size, particularly contains a large amount of kitchen garbage, and is mostly placed in plastic bags, so that the water content of the domestic garbage is mostly over 50%, the garbage is difficult to burn, the efficiency is low, and the domestic garbage is one of the inducements for generating dioxin. The disposal mode of the sanitary landfill accounts for about 78 percent of the disposal quantity, and the classification and the subdivision of the garbage are not strong, so that a more effective recycling route is not formed.
In solid domestic garbage, ferromagnetic garbage such as iron scrap and the like is frequently generated, and the garbage is not suitable for treatment modes such as sanitary landfill, composting or incineration, so that the ferromagnetic garbage must be screened out before garbage treatment so as to improve the treatment efficiency of subsequent nonmagnetic garbage and avoid damage of an incinerator. The magnetic separation device for solid waste classification in the prior art has the working principle that ferromagnetic substances in the waste are adsorbed by a magnetic field for magnetic separation, and non-magnetic substances are not adsorbed by the magnetic field. Although the existing magnetic separation equipment can carry out magnetic separation and recovery on ferromagnetic garbage to a certain extent, the strength of a generated magnetic field is constant magnetic or low, so that the magnetic separation effect is poor, the recovery is not thorough, and partial ferromagnetic garbage is still remained, so that the inconvenience is brought to subsequent garbage classification treatment, and the damage to an incinerator can be caused in the incineration process. In order to solve such a problem, energy consumption is reduced, and therefore, the magnetic field is designed to be a variable magnetic field.
Disclosure of Invention
The variable magnetic separation device for the solid household garbage is provided aiming at the problems that the magnetic field intensity generated by magnetic separation equipment in the prior art is a constant magnetic field or is lower and the magnetic separation is incomplete. During the magnetic separation, the control box can control the size of magnetic separation electric current according to what signal of ferromagnetic rubbish volume that metal detection device detected to adjust the magnetic field intensity of electro-magnet, make the magnetic field intensity of electro-magnet can change along with what of ferromagnetic rubbish content. When the ferromagnetic garbage content is detected to be high, the current of the control box is increased, and the magnetic field intensity of the electromagnet is enhanced; when less ferromagnetic metal is detected, the opposite is true, but the current is not immediately reduced. When the feeding conveying belt moves to the upper part of the material collecting groove, ferromagnetic garbage adsorbed on the feeding conveying belt falls into the material collecting groove by gravity, so that the magnetic separation work is completed. Can guarantee like this that the magnetic field of electro-magnet can obtain abundant utilization, have high magnetic separation efficiency, reduce energy consumption, the environmental protection, the effectual harm of having avoided burning in-process ferromagnetic rubbish and can causing burning furnace.
The present invention achieves the above technical objects by the following technical means.
The variable magnetic separation device for the solid domestic garbage is characterized by comprising a feed hopper (1), a metal detection device (2), a magnetic separation device (3), a material collecting groove (4), a feeding and conveying belt (3-1), a rack (3-2), a control box (3-3), support legs (3-4) and the like, wherein the feed hopper (1) is fixedly connected with the rear end of the magnetic separation device through fixing supports on the periphery and is positioned above a driven wheel (3-25) and used for putting the solid domestic garbage on the feeding and conveying belt (3-1); the metal detection device (2) is fixedly connected with side plates (3-23) on two sides of the magnetic separation device (3), spans above the feeding and conveying belt (3-1), and is used for detecting the content of ferromagnetic garbage; the material collecting groove (4) is arranged below the magnetic separation device (3), is adjustable in position and is used for collecting magnetically separated ferromagnetic garbage; the magnetic separation device (3) comprises a feeding and conveying belt (3-1), a rack (3-2), a control box (3-3) and support legs (3-4) and is used for magnetically separating ferromagnetic garbage; the control box (3-3) is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the rack (3-2) and is positioned at the same end with the roller (3-24), and the controller is used for controlling the current input into the magnetic separation device (3) according to the detection signal of the metal detection device (2); the support legs (3-4) are symmetrically and fixedly connected with the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the rack (3-2) respectively, so that the support effect on the rack (3-2) is achieved, and the stability of the magnetic separation device (3) is enhanced; the machine frame (3-2) comprises strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21), cross beams (3-22), side frames (3-23), rollers (3-24) and driven wheels (3-25), wherein the driven wheels (3-25) are arranged at one ends of the side plates (3-23), the rollers (3-24) driven to rotate by motors are arranged at the other ends of the side plates (3-23), and the rollers (3-24) drive the driven wheels (3-25) to rotate through a feeding conveying belt (3-1); two side plates (3-23) of the rack (3-2) are fixedly connected through a middle cross beam (3-22); the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) are arranged backwards from the metal detection device (2), are positioned between the upper surface and the lower surface of the feeding conveying belt (3-1), and are fixedly connected with the cross beams (3-22).
The invention is used for magnetic separation of ferromagnetic garbage in solid household garbage, and the working process is as follows:
during magnetic separation, firstly, solid domestic garbage to be selected is uniformly distributed on the feeding and conveying belt (3-1) through the feeding hopper (1), the solid domestic garbage moves forwards along with the feeding and conveying belt (3-1), and the metal detection device (2) can detect the content of ferromagnetic garbage in the solid domestic garbage when the solid domestic garbage passes through the metal detection device.
Then, the metal detection device (2) transmits the detected ferromagnetic waste content signal to the control box (3-3), and a controller in the control box (3-3) can control the output current according to the received signal, so that the intensity of the electromagnetic field of the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) is adjusted. When receiving a signal that more ferromagnetic garbage is received, the output current is increased, and the electromagnetic field intensity of the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) is enhanced; if a signal with low content of ferromagnetic garbage is received, after a certain time delay, the output current is reduced after a large amount of ferromagnetic garbage completely completes magnetic separation; thus, the ferromagnetic garbage in the solid household garbage can be ensured to be separated by complete magnetic separation.
Finally, the solid household garbage is conveyed forwards along with the feeding conveying belt (3-1), the non-magnetic garbage falls off from the feeding conveying belt (3-1) under the action of gravity when reaching the front end of the magnetic separation device (3), the ferromagnetic garbage is still adsorbed on the feeding conveying belt (3-1) and continues to move forwards, when reaching the upper part of the collecting groove (4), the magnetic field force is reduced until the ferromagnetic garbage subjected to magnetic separation disappears falls into the collecting groove (4) from the feeding conveying belt (3-1), and the ferromagnetic garbage magnetic separation work of the solid garbage on the feeding conveying belt is completed. The variable magnetic separation device can efficiently and accurately realize the magnetic separation of ferromagnetic garbage in solid household garbage, reduces energy consumption, protects the environment, and can effectively avoid the damage of the ferromagnetic garbage to the incinerator when the ferromagnetic garbage is incinerated.
Preferably, the support legs (3-4) are symmetrically and fixedly connected with the side frames, so that the stability of the whole magnetic separation device is enhanced.
Preferably, the material of the rollers (3-24) is electrician pure iron, and the magnetic separation efficiency effect of the ferromagnetic garbage can be improved due to the high magnetic permeability of the electrician pure iron.
Preferably, the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the cross beams (3-22), the gap between the installation position of the strip-shaped electromagnets and the feeding and conveying belt (3-1) and the rollers (3-24) is 5-10mm, and the gap is as small as possible so as to fully exert the adsorption effect on the ferromagnetic garbage.
Preferably, a garbage conveying belt leading to the garbage incinerator is directly arranged at the front end of the magnetic separation device (3), namely below the front end of the roller (3-24), and the garbage subjected to magnetic separation is directly fed into the garbage incinerator for incineration treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic separation apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural layout of the frame of the magnetic separation device of the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1. a feed hopper; 2. a metal detection device; 3. a magnetic separation device; 3-1, feeding a conveying belt; 3-2. a frame; 3-21, a strip electromagnet; 3-22, cross beam; 3-23, side plate; 3-24, a roller; 3-25. driven wheel; 3-3, a control box; 3-4, support legs; 4. a material collecting groove.
As shown in figure 1, the variable magnetic separation device for solid domestic garbage comprises a feed hopper (1), a metal detection device (2), a magnetic separation device (3) and a collecting tank (4), wherein the feed hopper (1) is fixedly connected with the rear end of the magnetic separation device (3) through fixing supports on the periphery and is positioned above driven wheels (3-25); the metal detection device (2) is fixedly connected with side plates (3-23) on two sides of the magnetic separation device (3) and spans above the feeding and conveying belt (3-1); the material collecting groove (4) is arranged below the magnetic separation device (3) and is adjustable in position.
As shown in fig. 2, the magnetic separation device (3) comprises a feeding and conveying belt (3-1), a frame (3-2), a control box (3-3) and support legs (3-4), wherein the control box (3-3) is fixedly arranged on the side surface of one end of the frame (3-2); the support legs (3-4) are respectively and symmetrically and fixedly connected with the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the rack (3-2), so that the support effect on the rack (3-2) is achieved, and the reliability and stability of the whole set of magnetic separation device are enhanced.
The rack (3-2) shown in figure 3 comprises strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21), cross beams (3-22), side frames (3-23), rollers (3-24) and driven wheels (3-25), wherein the driven wheels (3-25) are arranged at one ends of the side plates (3-23), the rollers (3-24) driven to rotate by a motor are arranged at the other ends of the side plates (3-23), and the rollers (3-24) drive the driven wheels (3-25) to rotate together through a feeding conveying belt (3-1); two side plates (3-23) of the frame (3-2) are fixedly connected through a middle cross beam (3-22); the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) are arranged backwards from the metal detection device (2) until the rollers (3-24) are positioned between the upper surface and the lower surface of the feeding conveying belt (3-1), are 5-10mm away from the feeding conveying belt (3-1), and have the gaps as small as possible, and the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) are fixedly arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cross beam (3-22).
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
When the variable magnetic separation device for the solid household garbage is used for starting magnetic separation, the household garbage to be separated is uniformly distributed on a feeding and conveying belt (3-1) through a feeding hole (1) and is conveyed forwards; the solid household garbage moves forwards along with the feeding and conveying belt (3-1), when the solid household garbage passes through the metal detection device (2), the metal detection device (2) can detect the content of ferromagnetic garbage passing through the household garbage below the metal detection device and transmits a detected signal to the control box (3-3), and a controller in the control box (3-3) can control the magnitude of output current according to the received signal so as to adjust the intensity of an electromagnetic field of the strip-shaped electromagnet (3-21); when the metal detection device (2) detects that the content of ferromagnetic garbage in the household garbage passing below the metal detection device is high, a controller in the control box (3-3) can increase output current according to received signals and enhance the electromagnetic field intensity of the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21); when the metal detection device (2) detects that the content of ferromagnetic garbage in the household garbage passing below the metal detection device is low, the controller in the control box (3-3) does not immediately reduce the output current, but reduces the output current after a certain time delay, weakens the electromagnetic field intensity of the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) so as to ensure that the ferromagnetic garbage in the household garbage can be completely separated by magnetic separation, so that the ferromagnetic garbage in the household garbage can be separated by magnetic separation, the energy can be saved, and the service life of the magnetic separation device can be prolonged. The solid household garbage moves forwards along with the feeding conveying belt, the non-magnetic garbage drops from the feeding conveying belt (3-1) under the action of gravity when moving to the front end of the magnetic separation device (3), the ferromagnetic garbage is adsorbed on the feeding conveying belt (3-1) and continues to move forwards, when the non-magnetic garbage moves to the upper side of the material collecting groove (4), the ferromagnetic garbage which is magnetically separated is reduced until the ferromagnetic garbage disappears due to the reduction of magnetic field force, the ferromagnetic garbage can drop into the material collecting groove (4) from the feeding conveying belt (3-1), and the magnetic separation work of the solid garbage is completed. The magnetic field intensity generated by the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) can change along with the content of ferromagnetic garbage, the performance is stable and reliable, the high-efficiency and accurate magnetic separation of the ferromagnetic garbage in the domestic garbage can be realized, the energy consumption is reduced, the environment is protected, and the damage of the ferromagnetic garbage to the incinerator during incineration is effectively avoided.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a variable magnetic separation device of solid domestic waste, includes feeder hopper (1), metal detection device (2), magnetic separation device (3), collecting trough (4), its characterized in that: the magnetic separation device (3) comprises a feeding and conveying belt (3-1), a rack (3-2), a control box (3-3) and support legs (3-4); the household garbage conveyor is characterized in that the rack (3-2) comprises a strip-shaped electromagnet (3-21), a cross beam (3-22), a side plate (3-23), a roller (3-24), a driven wheel (3-25) and the like, wherein one end of the side plate (3-23) is provided with the roller (3-24) driven to rotate by a motor, the other end of the side plate is provided with the driven wheel (3-25), and the roller (3-24) drives the driven wheel (3-25) to rotate through a feeding conveying belt (3-1) and conveys household garbage forwards; two side plates (3-23) of the rack (3-2) are fixedly connected through a middle cross beam (3-22); the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) are arranged backwards from the metal detection device (2) to the rollers (3-24), are distributed between the upper surface and the lower surface of the feeding conveying belt (3-1), and are fixedly connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the cross beam (3-22).
2. The variable magnetic separation device for the solid household garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feeding device is characterized in that the feeding device (1) is fixedly connected with the rear end of the magnetic separation device (3) through fixing supports on the periphery and is positioned above the driven wheels (3-25); the metal detection device (2) is fixedly connected with side plates (3-23) on two sides of the magnetic separation device (3) and spans above the feeding and conveying belt (3-1); the material collecting groove (4) is arranged below the magnetic separation device (2) and is adjustable in position.
3. The variable magnetic separation device for the solid household garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the control box (3-3) is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the rack (3-2) and is positioned at the same end with the roller (3-24); the support legs (3-4) are respectively and symmetrically and fixedly connected with the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the rack (3-2), so that the rack (3-2) is supported, and the stability of the magnetic separation device (3) is enhanced.
4. The variable magnetic separation device for the solid household garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the beam (3-22), the gap between the installation position of the strip-shaped electromagnets and the feeding and conveying belt (3-1) and the roller (3-24) is 5-10mm, and the gap is selected to be as small as possible, so that the adsorption effect on ferromagnetic garbage is fully exerted.
5. The variable magnetic separation device for the solid household garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the change of the electromagnetic field intensity of the strip-shaped electromagnets (3-21) is realized by changing the magnitude of output current through a controller in the control box (3-3) according to the ferromagnetic garbage content signal transmitted by the metal detection device (2), thereby realizing the flexible change of the electromagnetic field intensity of the strip-shaped electromagnets.
6. The variable magnetic separation device for the solid household garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the material of the rollers (3-24) is electrician pure iron, and can also be replaced by material with high magnetic permeability.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911069428.0A CN110665638A (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911069428.0A CN110665638A (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110665638A true CN110665638A (en) | 2020-01-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201911069428.0A Pending CN110665638A (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Variable magnetic separation device for solid household garbage |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114433353A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 长安大学 | Grading magnetic separation device based on iron tailing grade |
| CN116328941A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-06-27 | 四川省川机工程技术有限公司 | Magnetic field instant adjusting system and method based on production process monitoring |
-
2019
- 2019-11-05 CN CN201911069428.0A patent/CN110665638A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114433353A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 长安大学 | Grading magnetic separation device based on iron tailing grade |
| CN114433353B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-01-30 | 长安大学 | Hierarchical magnetic separation device based on iron tailing grade |
| CN116328941A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-06-27 | 四川省川机工程技术有限公司 | Magnetic field instant adjusting system and method based on production process monitoring |
| CN116328941B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-07-28 | 四川省川机工程技术有限公司 | Magnetic field instant adjusting system and method based on production process monitoring |
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