CN110658056A - Circular pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device and impact test instrument - Google Patents
Circular pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device and impact test instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN110658056A CN110658056A CN201911104726.9A CN201911104726A CN110658056A CN 110658056 A CN110658056 A CN 110658056A CN 201911104726 A CN201911104726 A CN 201911104726A CN 110658056 A CN110658056 A CN 110658056A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/303—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device for a circular pipe fitting and an impact test instrument. The detection device comprises a test bed assembly, a drop hammer impact assembly, a vibration signal measurement assembly and a displacement signal measurement assembly. The test bed component comprises a base, a sliding guide rod, a material bearing mechanism and a photoelectric door, and the drop hammer impact component comprises an impact plate, a force sensor, a hammer head and a shading sheet. The vibration signal measuring assembly comprises a first laser vibration meter and a second laser vibration meter, and the displacement signal measuring assembly comprises a first linear displacement sensor and a second linear displacement sensor. The first linear displacement sensor is used for detecting the displacement of the impact plate when the hammer head hammers the round pipe fitting, and the second linear displacement sensor is used for detecting the displacement of a measuring point of the round pipe fitting when the hammer head hammers the round pipe fitting. The test detection device obtains the impact deflection of each measuring point of the circular pipe in the axial direction according to the displacement, and the data of the impact moment is very accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device for a circular pipe fitting, belonging to the technical field of impact tests, in particular to a low-speed drop hammer impact test instrument for the circular pipe fitting.
Background
The pipe fitting made of metal or composite material is widely applied in the fields of vehicles, material transportation or ocean engineering and the like. For example, in the aerospace and automotive industries, impact-resistant pipe fittings with high specific modulus and specific strength can meet the requirements for structural lightweight in the industries; for example, when a supply ship approaches to a guide pipe platform, a bow of the supply ship can impact a guide pipe frame at a low speed, and after the supply ship is impacted and damaged, the pipe is bent and deformed in a concave mode, so that damage tolerance is greatly reduced, and stability of the whole structure is affected. Therefore, it is necessary to test the impact properties of pipe before applying them to these important engineering fields.
However, the existing circular pipe impact test device cannot accurately measure the deflection of the pipe in the impact process, most of the pipe deflection is measured by an instrument after the impact is finished, the error is large, and the change process of the deflection of the pipe along with the time cannot be obtained; the existing impact test device can not overcome the influence of the friction force of the guide rail on the drop hammer part; the existing test device mostly adopts an electromagnetic adsorption device to avoid subsequent impact for obtaining the influence of single impact on a damage result, so that the equipment cost is greatly increased; the existing impact test device has the defects that the research on impact performance parameters is single due to the unadjustable internal structure, and the impact performance of a pipe fitting cannot be comprehensively researched; the existing impact test device has a complex structure, is relatively difficult to operate and is high in price.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device and an impact test instrument, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing circular pipe impact test device cannot accurately measure the pipe deflection in the impact process.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a circular pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device, it includes:
the test bed assembly comprises a base, at least two sliding guide rods, a material bearing mechanism and a photoelectric door; the two sliding guide rods are arranged in parallel, and the bottom end of each sliding guide rod is arranged on the base; the material bearing mechanism is arranged on the base and is used for placing a round pipe fitting for performing a drop hammer impact test; the photoelectric door is arranged on the base, and the detection direction is parallel to the axial direction of the sliding guide rod;
the drop hammer impact assembly comprises an impact plate, a force sensor, a hammer head and a shading sheet; the impact plate is provided with at least two linear sliding bearings which respectively correspond to the at least two sliding guide rods, and each sliding guide rod penetrates through the corresponding linear sliding bearing so that the impact plate can slide along the axial direction of the sliding guide rod; the hammer head is arranged on one surface of the impact plate, which faces the base, and hammers a measuring point of the round pipe fitting when the impact plate slides downwards; the force sensor is arranged on the impact plate and used for detecting impact counter force borne by the hammer head when the round pipe fitting is hammered by the hammer head; the shading sheet is arranged on the impact plate and penetrates through the photoelectric door along the detection direction when the hammer head hammers the round pipe fitting; the photoelectric gate is used for detecting the impact speed of the shading sheet when the hammer head hammers the round pipe;
the vibration signal measuring assembly comprises a first laser vibration meter and a second laser vibration meter; the first laser vibration meter is used for detecting the vibration quantity of a measuring point of the round pipe fitting; the second laser vibration meter is used for detecting the vibration quantity of a non-measuring point of the round pipe fitting;
the displacement signal measuring assembly comprises a first linear displacement sensor and a second linear displacement sensor; the first linear displacement sensor is used for detecting the displacement of the impact plate when the hammer head hammers the round pipe; and the second linear displacement sensor is used for detecting the displacement of the measuring point of the round pipe fitting when the hammer head hammers the round pipe fitting.
The invention realizes the hammering test process of the impact test by the hammer head of the drop hammer impact assembly dropping to the round pipe along the axial direction of the sliding guide rod under the driving action of the impact plate, the force sensor detects the impact counter force in the hammering process of the hammer head, the photoelectric gate can detect the impact speed when the light shading sheet passes through, the vibration signal measuring assembly can detect the vibration quantity of the measuring point and the non-measuring point of the round pipe, the displacement signal measuring assembly can detect the displacement quantity of the impact plate and the round pipe, so that a tester can obtain the impact performance parameters of the round pipe according to the parameters, especially the impact deflection of the round pipe, the technical problem that the deflection of the pipe cannot be accurately measured in the impact process by the existing round pipe impact test device is solved, and the measurement error is small, and the technical effect of detecting the impact performance parameters of the round pipe in real time when impacting.
As a further improvement of the above solution, the displacement signal measuring assembly further includes a deformation amount calculating mechanism; the deformation calculation mechanism is used for calculating the deformation of an impact point of the hammer head hammering the round pipe fitting, and the calculation formula is as follows:
δd＝(δ-d1)-(ω-d2)
wherein, deltadIs the deformation of the impact point; when the hammer head hammers the round pipe fitting, the displacement of the impact plate is delta, and the displacement of the measuring point is omega; when the hammer head falls on the circular pipe with the impact speed as zero, the displacement of the impact plate is d1The displacement of the measuring point is d2。
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the test bed assembly further comprises an upper plate frame, a height limiting plate and an automatic unhooking device, and the drop hammer impact assembly further comprises a lifting lug; two ends of the upper plate frame are respectively fixed on the top ends of the two sliding guide rods; one end of the height limiting plate is fixed on the upper plate frame, and the other end of the height limiting plate faces the automatic unhooking device; the automatic unhooking device is movably arranged on the upper plate frame and hooks the lifting lugs; the lifting lug is fixed on the impact plate; the automatic unhooking device strikes the height limiting plate after rising to a preset height so as to unhook the lifting lug.
Further, the test bed assembly further comprises a rope and at least two fixed pulleys; the two fixed pulleys are both arranged on the upper plate frame and are positioned on the same side of the height limiting plate; one fixed pulley is positioned above the automatic unhooking device, and the other fixed pulley is positioned at the end part of the upper plate frame; one end of the rope is connected with the automatic unhooking device, and the other end of the rope is positioned on one side of the base after passing through all the fixed pulleys.
Still further, the automatic unhooking device comprises a shell and a lifting hook; the top end of the shell is connected with one end of the rope, and the bottom end of the shell is an opening end; the lifting hook is rotatably arranged in the shell, the bottom end of the lifting hook extends out of the bottom end of the shell and can hook the lifting lug, and the top end of the lifting hook extends out of the shell from a window formed in one side of the shell; after the automatic unhooking device rises to a preset height, the height limiting plate impacts the top end of the lifting hook downwards, the lifting hook is driven to rotate so as to drive the bottom end of the lifting hook to rotate, and the lifting lug falls off from the bottom end of the lifting hook.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the material bearing mechanism comprises a first anvil block and a second anvil block; the first anvil block and the second anvil block are respectively provided with a V-shaped positioning groove, and the two positioning grooves are positioned between the two sliding guide rods and are respectively used for placing two ends of the round pipe fitting.
Furthermore, at least two groups of sliding chutes which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the base, and the groove directions of the sliding chutes are parallel to the axial direction of the round pipe fitting; the bottom end of the first anvil block is movably arranged in one group of the chutes, and the bottom end of the second anvil block is movably arranged in the other group of the chutes.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the test bed assembly further comprises at least two buffer springs corresponding to the at least two sliding guide rods respectively; each buffer spring is sleeved on the bottom end of the corresponding sliding guide rod, and provides buffer elastic acting force for the impact plate after the hammer hammers the round pipe fitting.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the base is provided with a detection port at the lower part of the circular pipe fitting; the displacement signal measuring assembly further comprises a mounting plate; the mounting plate is movably mounted on the base, can move along the axial direction of the round pipe fitting and is positioned below the detection port; the first linear displacement sensor and the second linear displacement sensor are both installed on the installation plate, and the contact penetrates through the detection port and then is located on the same side of the circular pipe fitting.
The invention also provides a low-speed drop hammer impact test instrument for the circular pipe fitting, which comprises:
the device for detecting the low-speed drop hammer impact test of any round pipe fitting;
and the data processing device is used for acquiring the impact counter force detected by the force sensor, the impact speed of the shading sheet, the vibration quantity detected by the vibration signal measuring component and the displacement quantity detected by the displacement signal measuring component and generating the impact deflection of the circular pipe fitting.
Compared with the existing circular pipe impact test device, the circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device and the impact test instrument have the following beneficial effects:
1. this circular pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device, the slide guide arm of its test bench subassembly can regard as the slide rail of the impact plate that the drop hammer strikes the subassembly, moreover because be connected through linear sliding bearing between slide guide arm and the impact plate, can overcome the frictional influence of guide arm almost, realizes the impact velocity maximize of tup at limited height, and this has just solved the influence that current device can't overcome guide rail frictional force to the drop hammer part.
2. This low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of circular pipe fitting, the material mechanism of holding of its test bench subassembly can supply circular pipe fitting to place, and the tup hangs down to circular pipe fitting along the axial of sliding guide under the drive effect of strikeing the board to the measuring point of hammering circular pipe fitting realizes impact test's hammering analogue test process. The force sensor detects corresponding impact counter force in the hammer hammering process, the photoelectric gate can detect impact speed when the shading sheet penetrates through the force sensor, the vibration signal measuring component can detect vibration quantity of a measuring point and a non-measuring point of the round pipe fitting, and the displacement signal measuring component can detect displacement of the impact plate and the round pipe fitting, so that a tester can obtain impact performance parameters of the round pipe fitting according to the parameters, and particularly can obtain impact deflection of each measuring point of the round pipe fitting in the axial direction according to the displacement. Moreover, the detecting device can measure the deflection of the round pipe fitting in real time without considering the influence of secondary impact on the pipe fitting, so that the detected impact deflection is data at the impact moment, the data are very accurate, the detected data can correspond to the detection time, the change process of the deflection of the pipe fitting along with the time is further obtained, and the technical problem that the deflection of the pipe fitting cannot be accurately measured in the impact process by the conventional round pipe fitting impact testing device is solved.
3. The circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device can synchronously measure parameters such as impact speed of a hammer head, impact force generated in an impact process, deflection of a detected pipe fitting, impact vibration response and the like in real time, provides a basis for comprehensively evaluating the impact resistance and structural parameters of the detected pipe fitting, has more data of impact performance parameters, and can comprehensively research the impact performance of the pipe fitting.
4. According to the circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device, the deformation amount calculation mechanism of the displacement signal measurement assembly can calculate the deformation amount of the round pipe which is hammered by the hammerhead, so that the deformation amounts generated by different impact amounts can be obtained, the positions of the measuring points can be changed relative to the position of the base through the sliding of the anvil block I and the anvil block II in the sliding grooves, and the obtained data can be related to the detection time and the positions of the measuring points, so that the comprehensive detection of the round pipe is realized.
5. This circular pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device, its test bench subassembly still can set up limit for height board and automatic unhook device, and drop hammer impact subassembly can set up the lug, and automatic unhook device can bump against the limit for height board after rising a take the altitude, can make the lifting hook rotate after limit for height board striking lifting hook to make lifting hook and lug break away from mutually, realize the pure mechanical separation of automatic unhook device and drop hammer impact subassembly, the method is simple and can reach the experimental requirement, avoid unnecessary equipment trouble, equipment cost is reduced.
The beneficial effect of this low-speed drop hammer impact test instrument of circular pipe fitting is the same with the beneficial effect of low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of circular pipe fitting, and it is no longer repeated here.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device for the round pipe in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a front view of deformation of a circular pipe when a hammer head of the low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device for the circular pipe in embodiment 2 of the invention impacts the circular pipe;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the circular tube of FIG. 3 being deformed in compression at a point of impact;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the deformation of the cross section of the circular pipe in the drop hammer impact test according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Description of the symbols:
1 base 18 first laser vibrometer
2 sliding guide rod 19 second laser vibrometer
3 impact plate 20 mounting plate
4 upper plate frame 21 first linear displacement sensor
5 fixed pulley 22 second linear displacement sensor
6 height limiting plate 23 rope
7 automatic unhooking device 24 chute
8 lifting lug 25 casing
9 force sensor 26 lifting hook
10 counterweight 27 window
11 hammer 28 detection port
12 anvil-29I-steel
13 round pipe fitting 30 steel plate
14 anvil II 31 bolt
15 light shading sheet 32 spacing sleeve
16 buffer spring 33 linear sliding bearing
17 photoelectric gate
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device for a circular pipe, which can detect a circular pipe 13 to be tested to detect an impact performance parameter of the circular pipe, so as to prepare for obtaining an impact-resistant pipe with high specific modulus and specific strength. The test detection device comprises a test bed assembly, a drop hammer impact assembly, a vibration signal measurement assembly and a displacement signal measurement assembly.
The test bed component comprises a base 1, a sliding guide rod 2, a material bearing mechanism and a photoelectric door 17, and further comprises an upper plate frame 4, a height limiting plate 6, an automatic unhooking device 7, a rope 23, a fixed pulley 5 and a buffer spring 16. In the present embodiment, the base 1 includes an i-beam 29, a steel plate 30, a bolt 31, and a cushion rubber pad, which are not shown in fig. 1. The number of the I-shaped steel 29 is two, and the two I-shaped steel 29 are arranged in parallel. One surface of the flat plate of the steel plate 30 is attached to the same side surface of the two i-beams 29, and is fixed by a plurality of bolts 31. The shock-absorbing rubber pad is arranged between the steel plate 30 and the I-shaped steel 29 so as to reduce the vibration of the steel plate 30 from being transmitted to the I-shaped steel 29, thereby enabling the whole detection device to be more stably installed on other equipment or the ground.
The number of the sliding guide rods 2 is at least two, and the two sliding guide rods 2 are arranged in parallel. The bottom end of each sliding guide rod 2 is mounted on the base 1, and it can be mounted on the base 1 through a stop collar 32. Specifically, the position restricting sleeve 32 may be fixed on the upper surface of the steel plate 30 by a screw or the like in advance, and the slide guide 2 is directly inserted into the position restricting sleeve 32. The surface of the sliding guide 2 may be coated with a lubricating oil on a regular basis to improve the smoothness of the surface of the sliding guide 2. Furthermore, the surface of the slide guide rod 2 may be coated with an oxidation-resistant material to prevent the surface from rusting and increasing the frictional force.
The material bearing mechanism is arranged on the base 1 and is used for placing a circular pipe fitting 13 for performing a drop hammer impact test. In the present embodiment, the material loading mechanism includes a first anvil 12 and a second anvil 14. The first anvil block 12 and the second anvil block 14 are respectively provided with a V-shaped positioning groove, and the two positioning grooves are positioned between the two sliding guide rods 2 and are respectively used for placing two ends of the circular pipe fitting 13. In order to adjust the positions of the first anvil 12 and the second anvil 14, at least two sets of sliding grooves 24 are arranged on the base 1 in parallel. Specifically, the sliding groove 24 is formed in the steel plate 30, and the groove direction of the sliding groove 24 is parallel to the axial direction of the circular pipe 13. The bottom end of the first anvil 12 is movably arranged in one group of the slide slots 24, and the bottom end of the second anvil 14 is movably arranged in the other group of the slide slots.
The photoelectric door 17 is installed on the base 1, and the detection direction is parallel to the axial direction of the sliding guide rod 2. In this embodiment, the optical gate 17 may be a detection mechanism in an optical gate assembly, and the optical gate assembly may be mounted on the base 1 in various ways, i.e. fixed on the end face of the steel plate 30. The photoelectric gate 17 has a generally U-shape, with both ends thereof disposed toward the slide guide 2. The photogate 17 can test the speed of the object passing through the detection gate, and the specific speed test process can be described later.
Two ends of the upper plate frame 4 are respectively fixed on the top ends of the two sliding guide rods 2. Upper plate frame 4 can be fixed with slide guide 2 through modes such as welding, connecting piece connection, joint, and in this embodiment, the face of upper plate frame 4 is parallel with the face of steel sheet 30. One end of the height limiting plate 6 is fixed on the upper plate frame 4, and the other end of the height limiting plate is arranged towards the automatic unhooking device 7. The automatic unhooking device 7 is movably mounted on the upper plate frame 4 and can hook the drop hammer impact assembly. In this embodiment, it comprises a housing 25 and a hook 26. The top end of the housing 25 is connected to one end of the cord 23, and the bottom end of the housing 25 is an open end. The hook 26 is rotatably installed in the housing 25, and a bottom end of the hook 26 protrudes out of a bottom end of the housing 25. The top end of the hook 26 extends out of the housing 25 through a window 27 formed in one side of the housing 25.
The number of fixed pulley 5 is two at least, and two fixed pulley 5 all install on last grillage 4 to lie in limit for height board 6 same side. One of the fixed pulleys 5 is located above the automatic unhooking device 7, and the other fixed pulley 5 is located at the end of the upper plate frame 4. One end of the rope 23 is connected with the automatic unhooking device 7, and the other end of the rope passes through all the fixed pulleys 5 and then is positioned at one side of the base 1. Thus, the tester can raise the automatic unhooking device 7 by pulling the other end of the rope 23.
The number of the buffer springs 16 is at least two, and at least two buffer springs 16 correspond to at least two slide guides 2, respectively. Each buffer spring 16 is fitted over the bottom end of the corresponding slide guide 2 and provides a buffer elastic force to the striking plate 3 after the round pipe 13 is hammered by the hammer 11. Wherein, the bottom end of the buffer spring 16 is directly sleeved on the position-limiting sleeve 32 and is limited by the position-limiting sleeve 32 to move upwards. The buffer spring 16 can prevent the tested piece from being broken when impacting the tested piece with large brittleness or small section rigidity, and avoid the sensor below being damaged by impact.
The drop hammer impact assembly comprises an impact plate 3, a force sensor 9, a hammer head 11 and a shading sheet 15, and further comprises a lifting lug 8 and a balancing weight 10. The striking plate 3 has linear slide bearings 33, and the number of the linear slide bearings 33 is at least two, and each linear slide bearing 33 corresponds to one slide guide rod 2. Each slide-guide rod 2 passes through a corresponding linear slide bearing 33, so that the striking plate 3 can slide in the axial direction of the slide-guide rod 2. The number of the weight blocks 10 is two, and the two weight blocks 10 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the striking plate 3 to increase the overall weight of the striking plate 3. The sliding guide rod 2 can be used as a sliding rail of the impact plate 3, and because the sliding guide rod 2 is connected with the impact plate 3 through the linear sliding bearing, the influence of guide rod friction can be almost overcome, the maximum impact speed is realized at a limited high speed, and the problem that the influence of guide rail friction on a drop hammer part cannot be overcome by the conventional device is solved.
The hammer head 11 is mounted on the side of the striking plate 3 facing the base 1 and strikes the measuring point of the round tube 13 when the striking plate 3 slides downwards. In the present embodiment, in order to facilitate accurate and efficient hammering of the hammer head 11, the hammer head 11 is disposed at a middle position of the impact plate 3. The force sensor 9 is arranged onThe impact plate 3 is used for detecting impact reaction force applied when the hammer head 11 hammers the round pipe fitting 13. The force sensor 9 may be a pressure sensor capable of detecting the instantaneous impact force of the hammer head 11 at the time of impact. The shutter 15 is mounted on the striking plate 3 and passes through the photoelectric gate 17 in the detection direction when the hammer 11 strikes the circular pipe 13. The light shielding plate 15 is an L-shaped detection plate, and one end thereof is fixed to the bottom surface of the striking plate 3. The photoelectric gate 17 is used for detecting the impact speed of the light shielding sheet 15 when the hammer head 11 hammers the round pipe 13. At the overall process of 11 hammering circular pipe fittings 13 of tup, the light-shielding sheet 15 passes the detection area of whole photogate 17 just, and photogate circuit switch on, the high-speed data acquisition controller of program trigger is gathered to transmit data for the host computer through ethernet, the time-recorder is t when taking notes the time with light-shielding sheet 15 through photogate 17 back completely, notes the light-shielding sheet width be L, through calculating and record instantaneous impact velocity be:
the automatic unhooking device 7 hooks the lifting lug 8 when not triggered, and the lifting lug 8 is fixed on the impact plate 3. The automatic unhooking device 7 strikes the height limiting plate 6 after rising to a preset height so as to unhook the lifting lugs 8. In this embodiment, the bottom end of the hook 26 can hook the lifting lug 8, and after the automatic unhooking device 7 is lifted to the preset height, the height limiting plate 6 impacts the top end of the hook 26 downward, so as to drive the hook 26 to rotate to drive the bottom end of the hook 26 to rotate, so that the lifting lug 8 falls off from the bottom end of the hook 26.
The vibration signal measuring assembly comprises a first laser vibrometer 18 and a second laser vibrometer 19. The first laser vibration meter 18 is used for detecting the vibration quantity of the measuring point of the circular pipe 13. The second laser vibrometer 19 is used for detecting the vibration quantity of the non-measuring point of the circular pipe 13. In actual installation, the detection light emitted by the first laser vibrometer 18 is directly emitted to the position of the measuring point of the circular pipe member 13, and the circular pipe member can be installed on other equipment or the ground, and in other embodiments, if the area of the upper surface of the base 1 is large enough, both the first laser vibrometer 18 and the second laser vibrometer 19 can be installed on the base 1. The detection light emitted by the second laser vibrometer 19 is directly emitted to the position of the non-measuring point of the circular pipe 13, namely, any position of the non-measuring point of the circular pipe 13 can be emitted, as long as the detection light is not emitted to the position of the measuring point. When the light emitted by the first laser vibration meter 18 or the second laser vibration meter 19 is irradiated on the circular pipe 13, the light is reflected back and received by the circular pipe, and when the circular pipe 13 vibrates, the light is not received, so that the laser vibration meter can obtain the vibration amount or the vibration frequency according to the receiving frequency of the laser.
The displacement signal measuring assembly comprises a first linear displacement sensor 21 and a second linear displacement sensor 22, and may further comprise a mounting plate 20. The first linear displacement sensor 21 is used for detecting the displacement of the impact plate 3 when the hammer 11 hammers the circular pipe 13. The second linear displacement sensor 22 is used for detecting the displacement of the measuring point of the circular pipe 13 when the hammer 11 hammers the circular pipe 13. In the present embodiment, the inspection opening 28 is formed in the lower portion of the circular pipe 13 of the base 1, that is, the inspection opening 28 is formed in the steel plate 30. The mounting plate 20 is movably mounted on the base 1, can move along the axial direction of the circular pipe 13, and is located below the detection port 28. The first linear displacement sensor 21 and the second linear displacement sensor 22 are both mounted on the mounting plate 20, and the contact terminals are located on the same side of the circular pipe 13 after passing through the detection port 28. In this way, during detection, a tester can adjust the relative position of the mounting plate 20 with respect to the base 1 as required, so that the positions of the measuring points detected by the first linear displacement sensor 21 and the second linear displacement sensor 22 are changed, and detection of different measuring points is realized.
To sum up, compare in current detection device, the low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of circular pipe spare of this embodiment has following advantage:
1. this low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of circular pipe fitting, the slide guide 2 of its test bench subassembly can regard as the slide rail that falls the impact plate 3 of hammer impact subassembly, moreover because slide guide 2 and impact plate 3 between be connected through linear sliding bearing 33, can overcome the frictional influence of guide arm almost, realize the impact velocity maximize of tup at limited high speed, this influence that has just solved current device and can't overcome guide rail frictional force to the drop hammer part.
2. This round pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device, the material mechanism of holding of its test bench subassembly can supply round pipe fitting 13 to place, and tup 11 is under the drive effect of strikeing board 3 and is hung down to round pipe fitting 13 along the axial of sliding guide 2 to the measuring point of hammering round pipe fitting 13 realizes impact test's hammering simulation test process. The force sensor 9 detects corresponding impact counter force in the hammering process of the hammer 11, the photoelectric gate 17 can detect impact speed when the light shielding sheet 15 penetrates through the force sensor, the vibration signal measuring component can detect vibration quantities of a measuring point and a non-measuring point of the circular pipe 13, and the displacement signal measuring component can detect displacement quantities of the impact plate 3 and the circular pipe 13, so that a tester can obtain impact performance parameters of the circular pipe 13 according to the parameters, and particularly can obtain impact deflection of each measuring point of the circular pipe 13 in the axial direction according to the displacement quantities. Moreover, the detecting device can measure the deflection of the round pipe fitting 13 in real time without considering the influence of secondary impact on the pipe fitting, so that the detected impact deflection is data at the impact moment and is very accurate, the detected data can also correspond to the detection time, the change process of the deflection of the pipe fitting along with the time is further obtained, and the technical problem that the deflection of the pipe fitting cannot be accurately measured in the impact process by the conventional round pipe fitting impact testing device is solved.
3. The circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device can synchronously measure parameters such as impact speed of the hammer head 11, impact force generated in an impact process, deflection of a detected pipe fitting, impact vibration response and the like in real time, provides basis for comprehensively evaluating impact resistance and structural parameters of the detected pipe fitting, has more data of impact performance parameters, and can comprehensively research the impact performance of the pipe fitting.
4. This circular pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device, its test bench subassembly still can set up limit for height board 6 and automatic unhook device 7, and drop hammer impact subassembly can set up lug 8, and automatic unhook device 7 can bump against limit for height board 6 after rising a take the altitude, limit for height board 6 can make lifting hook 26 rotate after striking lifting hook 26, thereby make lifting hook 26 break away from with lug 8 mutually, realize the pure mechanical separation of automatic unhook device 7 and drop hammer impact subassembly, the method is simple and can reach the experimental requirement, avoid unnecessary equipment trouble, equipment cost is reduced.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device for a circular pipe, which is added with a deformation calculation mechanism belonging to a displacement signal measurement component on the basis of embodiment 1. The deformation calculation mechanism is used for calculating the deformation of an impact point of the hammer head 11 hammering the round pipe 13, and the calculation formula is as follows:
δd＝(δ-d1)-(ω-d2)
wherein, deltadIs the amount of deformation at the point of impact. When the hammer head 11 hammers the round pipe 13, the displacement of the impact plate 3 is delta, and the displacement of the measuring point is omega. When the hammer head 11 is dropped on the circular pipe 13 at a zero impact velocity, the displacement of the impact plate 3 is d1The displacement of the measuring point is d2. It should be noted here that the above calculation formula may be divided into a plurality of sub calculation formulas, and each sub calculation formula may be realized by a plurality of calculation units of the deformation amount calculation mechanism.
In the circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of the embodiment, the deformation amount calculation mechanism of the displacement signal measurement assembly can calculate the deformation amount of the round pipe 13 hammered by the hammer head, so that the deformation amounts generated by different impact amounts can be obtained, and the positions of the measurement points can be changed relative to the position of the base 1 by sliding the anvil block I13 and the anvil block II 14 in the sliding groove 24, so that the obtained data can be related to the detection time and the positions of the measurement points, and the comprehensive detection of the round pipe 13 is realized.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a circular pipe fitting low-speed drop hammer impact test instrument, and the instrument comprises a detection device and a data processing device. The detection device is the circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device in the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2. The data processing device is used for acquiring impact counter force detected by the force sensor 9, impact speed of the light shielding sheet 15, vibration quantity detected by the vibration signal measuring component and displacement quantity detected by the displacement signal measuring component and generating impact deflection of the circular pipe 13.
Of course, the data processing device can also be used for recording data such as impact reaction force, impact speed, vibration amount, displacement amount and the like in a parameter statistical table preset in the data processing device, and realizing the statistics of test data corresponding to the type and the measuring point position of the circular pipe 13. In addition, for the convenience of data statistics, the recorded data in the parameter statistics table can be directly displayed on a display screen, and can also be presented in a statistical graph in a data curve form. Therefore, in practical applications, the data processing device can be disposed on the PC end or the mobile end, and the detected parameters can be used as important parameter indexes for measuring the impact performance of a circular pipe fitting.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring a deformation of a cross section of a circular pipe in a drop hammer impact test, and the method can be used as a method in a pipe impact test, a method for measuring performance of a circular pipe in a factory, and can be applied to various embedded devices or chips through a control method of a computer program. In this example, the method for measuring the amount of deformation of the cross section of the circular pipe in the drop weight impact test was applied to the detecting apparatus in example 1 or example 2, and included the following steps.
Firstly, placing a circular pipe fitting 13 on a material bearing mechanism, enabling a drop hammer impact assembly to drop on the circular pipe fitting 13 with the impact speed being zero, and finally detecting the initial displacement d of an impact plate 31And the initial displacement d of the measuring point of the circular tube 132. In this step, the hammer head 11 is laid on the circular pipe 13 with an impact velocity of zero by lowering the rope 23.
And step two, firstly, the drop hammer impact assembly is lifted by a preset height, and then the impact plate 3 slides down along the axial direction of the sliding guide rod 2, so that the impact plate 3 drives the hammer head 11 to hammer a measuring point of the circular pipe fitting 13. In this step, the automatic unhooking device 7 is raised by pulling up the rope 23 by a preset height.
And step three, detecting the displacement delta of the impact plate 3 and the displacement omega of a measuring point of the circular pipe 13 when the round pipe 13 is hammered by the hammer head 11. It should be noted here that the detecting device in step two and step four is a displacement signal measuring component. The displacement signal measuring component is used for detecting the initial displacement d of the impact plate 31Displacement delta and initial displacement d of measuring point2And a displacement amount ω. The displacement signal measuring assembly comprises a first linear displacement sensor 21 and a second linear displacement sensor 22. The first linear displacement sensor 21 is used for detecting the initial displacement d of the striking plate 31And a displacement amount δ. The second linear displacement sensor 22 is used for detecting the initial displacement d of the measuring point2And a displacement amount ω. In the second step, the contacts of the first linear displacement sensor 21 and the second linear displacement sensor 22 are pressed down by 1-2 cm, and the detected displacement value is collected by the high-speed data collection controller in the form of a voltage signal and transmitted to the PC terminal through the Ethernet to be processed into displacement.
Step four, calculating the section deformation of the circular pipe fitting 13; referring to fig. 3 and 4, the method for calculating the cross-sectional deformation includes the following steps:
(5.1) calculating the impact deformation difference, Δ 1 ═ δ -d1；
(5.2) calculating the impact deformation difference, i.e., two Δ 2, Δ 2 ═ ω -d2；
(5.3) calculation of the amount of cross-sectional deformation δd，δdΔ 1- Δ 2. Therefore, the cross-sectional deformation amount δdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
δd＝δ+d2-ω-d1
the real-time change curve of the section deformation amount at the impact point in the impact process can be obtained through the steps. In other embodiments, the measurement method may further add the following steps.
Step five, firstly measuring the width L of the shading sheet 15, then recording the total time t when the hammer 11 hammers the round pipe 13, and finally calculating the impact speed when the hammer 11 strikes the round pipe 13:in this embodiment, the photogate circuit of photogate 17 is switched on when the round pipe 13 is hammered by hammer 11, the program triggers the high-speed data acquisition controller to collect, and transmit data to the host computer through the ethernet, the timer is t when the lightproof sheet completely passes through the photogate and records, notes the width of the lightproof sheet as L, and records the instantaneous impact speed through calculation.
And sixthly, when the round pipe 13 is hammered by the hammer head 11, emitting laser beams to the measuring points and non-measuring points of the round pipe 13, calculating the frequency of the laser beam return and the interval time of two adjacent laser returns, and finally calculating the vibration amount and the vibration frequency of the measuring points and the non-measuring points of the round pipe 13 according to the impact speed. In this embodiment, this step may be implemented by the vibration signal measuring component. The vibration signal measuring assembly comprises a first laser vibrometer 18 which emits a laser beam to the measuring point and a second laser vibrometer 19 which emits a laser beam to the non-measuring point. The first laser vibration meter 18 is used for detecting the vibration quantity of the measuring point, and the second laser vibration meter 19 is used for detecting the vibration quantity of the non-measuring point.
And seventhly, arranging a force sensor 9 between the impact plate 3 and the hammer head 11, and detecting impact counter force borne by the hammer head 11 when the round pipe fitting 13 is hammered by the force sensor 9. The impact condition of the hammer head 11 during impact can be measured in the step, and the impact counter force can reflect the section rigidity of the pipe fitting on one hand and can be used for quantitatively researching the relation between the impact force and the pipe fitting deformation on the other hand.
In summary, the method for measuring the deformation of the cross section of the circular pipe in the drop hammer impact test of the embodiment has the following advantages:
1. the method for measuring the section deformation of the circular pipe fitting in the drop hammer impact test firstly measures the impact data of the drop hammer impact assembly on the circular pipe fitting 13 when the impact speed is zero, that is, the initial displacement of the impact plate 3 and the measuring point is detected, then the drop hammer impact assembly is lifted by a preset height, and then the drop hammer impact assembly is impacted on the circular pipe fitting 13 along the axial direction of the sliding guide rod 2 under the action of gravity, the measuring point is subjected to a hammering test, then the displacement of the impact plate 3 and the circular pipe 13 in the hammering process is detected, and finally the section deformation of the circular pipe 13 is calculated according to the detected data, so that the technical problems that the error of the measuring method for the section deformation of the pipe in the existing circular pipe impact test is large, and the change process of the pipe deflection along with time cannot be obtained are solved, the measuring error is small, and the technical effect of detecting the deformation of the measuring point when the circular pipe 13 impacts can be achieved in real time.
2. According to the method for measuring the section deformation of the circular pipe in the drop hammer impact test, the impact speed when the hammer head 11 impacts the circular pipe 13 can be calculated by measuring the width of the shading sheet 15 and the total time when the hammer head 11 hammers the circular pipe 13. The measuring method can also emit laser beams to the measuring points and non-measuring points of the circular pipe 13 when the hammer head 11 hammers, then calculate the frequency of the laser beam return and the interval time of two adjacent laser returns, and finally calculate the vibration quantity and the vibration frequency of the measuring points and the non-measuring points of the circular pipe 13 according to the calculated impact speed. The measuring method can also detect the impact reaction force received by the hammer head 11 when the hammer head 11 impacts the circular pipe 13 by arranging a force sensor between the impact plate 3 and the hammer head 11. Therefore, the measuring method can detect other impact performance parameters while detecting the deformation of the section, provides a basis for comprehensively evaluating the impact resistance and the structural parameters of the detected piece, has more data of the impact performance parameters, and can comprehensively research the impact performance of the pipe piece.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of circular pipe fitting which characterized in that, it includes:
the test bed assembly comprises a base (1), at least two sliding guide rods (2), a material bearing mechanism and a photoelectric door (17); the two sliding guide rods (2) are arranged in parallel, and the bottom end of each sliding guide rod (2) is arranged on the base (1); the material bearing mechanism is arranged on the base (1) and is used for placing a circular pipe fitting (13) for performing a drop hammer impact test; the photoelectric door (17) is arranged on the base (1), and the detection direction is parallel to the axial direction of the sliding guide rod (2);
the drop hammer impact assembly comprises an impact plate (3), a force sensor (9), a hammer head (11) and a light shielding sheet (15); the impact plate (3) is provided with at least two linear sliding bearings (33) which respectively correspond to the at least two sliding guide rods (2), and each sliding guide rod (2) penetrates through the corresponding linear sliding bearing (33) so that the impact plate (3) can slide along the axial direction of the sliding guide rod (2); the hammer head (11) is arranged on one surface of the impact plate (3) facing the base (1) and hammers a measuring point of the circular pipe (13) when the impact plate (3) slides downwards; the force sensor (9) is arranged on the impact plate (3) and is used for detecting impact reaction force borne by the hammer head (11) when the round pipe fitting (13) is hammered; the shading sheet (15) is arranged on the impact plate (3) and penetrates through the photoelectric door (17) along the detection direction when the hammer head (11) hammers the round pipe (13); the photoelectric door (17) is used for detecting the impact speed of the light shielding sheet (15) when the hammer head (11) hammers the round pipe (13);
a vibration signal measuring assembly comprising a first laser vibrometer (18) and a second laser vibrometer (19); the first laser vibration meter (18) is used for detecting the vibration quantity of a measuring point of the round pipe fitting (13); the second laser vibration meter (19) is used for detecting the vibration quantity of a non-measuring point of the circular pipe (13);
a displacement signal measuring assembly comprising a first linear displacement sensor (21) and a second linear displacement sensor (22); the first linear displacement sensor (21) is used for detecting the displacement of the impact plate (3) when the hammer head (11) hammers the round pipe (13); the second linear displacement sensor (22) is used for detecting the displacement of a measuring point of the circular pipe (13) when the hammer head (11) hammers the circular pipe (13).
2. The circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of claim 1, wherein the displacement signal measurement assembly further comprises a deformation amount calculation mechanism; the deformation calculation mechanism is used for calculating the deformation of an impact point of a hammer head (11) hammering a round pipe (13), and the calculation formula is as follows:
δd＝(δ-d1)-(ω-d2)
wherein, deltadIs the deformation of the impact point; when the round pipe (13) is hammered by the hammer head (11), the displacement of the impact plate (3) is delta, and the displacement of the measuring point is omega; when the hammer head (11) falls on the circular pipe (13) with the impact speed being zero, the displacement of the impact plate (3) is d1The displacement of the measuring point is d2。
3. The low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device for round pipes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the test bed assembly further comprises an upper plate frame (4), a height limiting plate (6) and an automatic unhooking device (7), and the drop hammer impact assembly further comprises a lifting lug (8); two ends of the upper plate frame (4) are respectively fixed on the top ends of the two sliding guide rods (2); one end of the height limiting plate (6) is fixed on the upper plate frame (4), and the other end of the height limiting plate faces the automatic unhooking device (7); the automatic unhooking device (7) is movably arranged on the upper plate frame (4) and hooks the lifting lug (8); the lifting lug (8) is fixed on the impact plate (3); the automatic unhooking device (7) strikes the height limiting plate (6) after rising to a preset height so as to unhook the lifting lug (8).
4. The circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device according to claim 3, wherein the test bed assembly further comprises a rope (23) and at least two fixed pulleys (5); the two fixed pulleys (5) are both arranged on the upper plate frame (4) and are positioned on the same side of the height limiting plate (6); one fixed pulley (5) is positioned above the automatic unhooking device (7), and the other fixed pulley (5) is positioned at the end part of the upper plate frame (4); one end of the rope (23) is connected with the automatic unhooking device (7), and the other end of the rope passes through all the fixed pulleys (5) and then is positioned on one side of the base (1).
5. The round pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device according to claim 4, wherein the automatic unhooking device (7) comprises a housing (25) and a hook (26); the top end of the shell (25) is connected with one end of the rope (23), and the bottom end of the shell (25) is an opening end; the lifting hook (26) is rotatably arranged in the shell (25), the bottom end of the lifting hook (26) extends out of the bottom end of the shell (25) and can hook the lifting lug (8), and the top end of the lifting hook (26) extends out of the shell (25) from a window (27) formed in one side of the shell (25); after the automatic unhooking device (7) rises to a preset height, the height limiting plate (6) impacts the top end of the lifting hook (26) downwards, the lifting hook (26) is driven to rotate so as to drive the bottom end of the lifting hook (26) to rotate, and the lifting lug (8) falls off from the bottom end of the lifting hook (26).
6. The circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material supporting mechanism comprises a first anvil block (12) and a second anvil block (14); the first anvil block (12) and the second anvil block (14) are respectively provided with a V-shaped positioning groove, and the two positioning grooves are positioned between the two sliding guide rods (2) and are respectively used for placing two ends of the circular pipe fitting (13).
7. The device for detecting the impact test of the low-speed drop hammer of the circular pipe fitting according to claim 6, wherein the base (1) is provided with at least two groups of sliding chutes (24) which are arranged in parallel, and the groove directions of the sliding chutes (24) are parallel to the axial direction of the circular pipe fitting (13); the bottom end of the anvil block I (12) is movably arranged in one group of the chutes (24), and the bottom end of the anvil block II (14) is movably arranged in the other group of the chutes.
8. The circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device according to claim 1, wherein the test bed assembly further comprises at least two buffer springs (16) respectively corresponding to the at least two sliding guide rods (2); each buffer spring (16) is sleeved on the bottom end of the corresponding sliding guide rod (2) and provides buffer elastic acting force for the impact plate (3) after the hammer head (11) hammers the round pipe fitting (13).
9. The circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base (1) is provided with a detection port (28) at a position below the circular pipe (13); the displacement signal measuring assembly further comprises a mounting plate (20); the mounting plate (20) is movably mounted on the base (1), can move along the axial direction of the circular pipe fitting (13) and is positioned below the detection port (28); the first linear displacement sensor (21) and the second linear displacement sensor (22) are both installed on the installation plate (20), and the contacts are both located on the same side of the circular pipe fitting (13) after penetrating through the detection port (28).
10. The utility model provides a low-speed drop hammer impact test instrument of circular pipe fitting which characterized in that, it includes:
the circular pipe low-speed drop hammer impact test detection device of any one of claims 1-9; and
and the data processing device is used for acquiring the impact reaction force detected by the force sensor (9), the impact speed of the shading sheet (15), the vibration quantity detected by the vibration signal measuring component and the displacement quantity detected by the displacement signal measuring component and generating the impact deflection of the circular pipe (13).
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