CN110657888A - Device and method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of a solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, which aim to solve the problem of measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, particularly spectral sensitivity with wavelength larger than 600 nm. The measuring device of the present invention includes: the device comprises a light source, a monochrometer, a light filter, a dark box, a test sample, a test clamp, a cathode ammeter, an anode ammeter and a test power supply. The measuring method comprises the steps of constructing a measuring device, removing the optical filter to measure photocurrent, adding the optical filter again to measure anode current, removing the optical filter again to measure anode current, calculating the spectral sensitivity of corresponding wavelength according to a formula and the like. The invention expands the minimum measurement limit of the anode ammeter, improves the measurement accuracy of weak photocurrent, and solves the measurement problem of out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vacuum photoelectric devices, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of a solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier.
Background
The solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier is a vacuum photoelectric device for imaging weak ultraviolet image, and the device uses Cs2The Te solar blind uv cathode, the most important parameter of which is the spectral sensitivity. The spectral sensitivity refers to the photocurrent generated by the photocathode per unit radiant flux, i.e., the ratio of the photocurrent to the radiant flux.
Typical Cs2The graph of the sensitivity of the Te solar blind uv cathode spectrum as a function of wavelength is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, the spectral sensitivity is mainly concentrated below the wavelength of 320nm, which is very low above the wavelength of 320 nm. This portion of very low spectral sensitivity is referred to as out-of-band spectral sensitivity. The solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier is not sensitive to visible light (sunlight) because the spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier in a wave band above 320nm is low, and is called as the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier (solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier). When an ultraviolet image of a 180 nm-280 nm waveband is detected on the ground or in the air (below an ozone layer) by adopting the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, the ultraviolet rays in the waveband range in the air are strongly absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere, so that the irradiance of the ultraviolet rays near the ground surface is very low (lower than 10 percent)-13W/m2) Therefore, when the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier is used for detecting the weak ultraviolet image of the waveband, high signal-to-noise ratio imaging can be realized. However, when the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier detects a weak ultraviolet image in the direction opposite to the sun, the sunlight interferes with the imaging of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier because the light is too strong. In order to enable the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier to eliminate sunlight interference under any condition and realize a real solar blind function, attenuation filtering is also needed. Using the attenuating effect of attenuating filters in combination with Cs2The Te solar blind ultraviolet cathode has the inhibition effect on visible light, so that the solar blind function of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier can be realized.
However, in practice it has been found that the same attenuation filter can be matched to different solar blindnessWhen the ultraviolet image intensifier is used, some solar blind ultraviolet image intensifiers can completely eliminate sunlight interference, and some solar blind ultraviolet image intensifiers cannot completely eliminate the sunlight interference. The specific reason that the sunlight interference cannot be completely eliminated is that the out-of-band spectral sensitivities of different solar blind ultraviolet image intensifiers are different. Since the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar-blind UV image intensifier is very low, the photocurrent generated is very small (less than 10)-12A) Therefore, the out-of-band spectral sensitivity cannot be accurately measured, and the factory-leaving solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier is at risk of being returned, which causes great economic loss to manufacturers. In addition, due to the fact that the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier cannot be measured accurately, the basis for further reducing the research and development of the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier is lost. The test of the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier is an indispensable key link for research and development and production of the solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier, so that the solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier is always concerned, and some measurement methods and techniques are proposed successively. In the patent of 'measuring device and method for out-of-band relative spectral responsivity of solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier' (application number: 201410172204.3), a method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier by measuring radiation illumination intensity by using a trap detector and measuring photocurrent by using a picoammeter is provided. The method solves the problem of measuring the spectral sensitivity of the wavelength below 600nm, but has larger measurement error for measuring the spectral sensitivity in the wavelength range of 600nm to 800 nm. This is because this method uses a picoammeter to measure the photocurrent, and thus it is impossible to accurately measure less than 10-12A photocurrent. In the patent of 'a spectral response measuring device outside the response band of a solar blind ultraviolet photocathode' (application number: 201510170004.9), a method for measuring the out-of-band integral sensitivity of a solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier is provided. However, the method measures the integral sensitivity of the wavelength between 320nm and 900nm, not the spectral sensitivity, and therefore does not play a supporting role in development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further solve the problem of measuring the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, the invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method, which are used for solving the problem of measuring the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, particularly the spectral sensitivity with the wavelength being more than 600 nm.
The measuring device of the present invention includes: the device comprises a laser pumping gas discharge light source (short for a light source), a monochromator, a light filter, a dark box, a solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier (a test sample), a test fixture, a cathode ammeter, an anode ammeter and a test power supply. The light source functions to provide incident light; the monochromator functions to provide monochromatic light; the optical filter plays a role in weakening incident light; the dark box plays a role in shielding stray light; the test fixture plays a role in fixing and conducting the cathode and the anode of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, the cathode ammeter plays a role in measuring photocurrent, the anode ammeter plays a role in measuring anode current, and the test power supply plays a role in supplying power to the cathode, the MCP1 input electrode, the MCP2 output electrode and the anode of a test sample. The test power supply comprises 4 outputs of V1, V2, V3 and V4, which are respectively connected with the cathode, the input pole of MCP1, the output pole of MCP2 and the anode of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier.
The measuring method comprises the following steps:
turning on the light source, removing the optical filter in the test light path, and setting the emergent wavelength of the monochromator to be lambda0(any wavelength greater than 320 nm), adjusting the output potential of each path of the test power supply to an appropriate value, and measuring the photocurrent I (lambda) by using a cathode ammeter0)。
Adding optical filter in the measuring device again to keep incident light condition unchanged, adjusting each output potential of the test power supply to a proper value, and measuring anode current I by anode ammetera1(λ0)。
Removing the optical filter again, setting the emergent wavelength of the monochromator to be lambda (larger than 600nm, which is the wavelength corresponding to the spectral sensitivity required to be measured), adjusting the output potential of each path of the test power supply to an appropriate value again, and measuring the anode current I through the anode ammetera2(lambda). The spectral sensitivity R (λ) for the wavelength λ can be calculated according to the following equation:
in the formula, E (lambda) is the incident flux of the corresponding wavelength lambda on the cathode window of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier; τ (λ)0) For the filter corresponding to wavelength lambda0The attenuation factor of (2).
Compared with the prior art, the method has the difference that the adopted photocurrent (cathode current) measuring mode is different when the out-of-band spectral sensitivity is measured. In the prior art, the photocurrent is measured in the power supply loop of the cathode of the solar blind uv image intensifier. During the test, incident light penetrates the cathode window to excite Cs2The Te solar blind ultraviolet cathode emits photoelectrons, the photoelectrons move towards a microchannel Plate (MCP) under the action of a 200V electric field, are received by the MCP1, and then return to Cs through an MCP1 input electrode, a 200V power supply and a cathode ammeter2Te solar blind uv cathode. During this process, the cathode ammeter measured the photocurrent, but since the current was small (particularly in the band range above 600 nm), it was less than 10- 12And A, even if a pico-meter is adopted, accurate measurement cannot be carried out, so that the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier cannot be accurately measured.
In the measuring method of the present invention, however, the photocurrent is measured from the power supply circuit of the phosphor screen. In the measuring process, photoelectrons move towards MCP1 direction under the action of an electric field, are received by MCP1, are amplified by the cascade connection of MCP1 and MCP2, output current is received by a fluorescent screen, anode current is formed and flows into a test power supply through an anode ammeter, and finally flows back to Cs through the test power supply2Te solar blind uv cathode. Therefore, the method is characterized in that the MCP1 and the MCP2 in the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier are used as preamplifiers of the photocurrent, so that the photocurrent is amplified by the cascade MCP before being measured. The amplification factor of the cascade MCP is 104Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the weak photocurrent is improved, and the problem of measuring the out-of-band spectral sensitivity of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, particularly the spectral sensitivity in a wavelength range of more than 600nm, is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows typical Cs2Te solar blind uv cathode spectral sensitivity curve.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spectral sensitivity measurement principle of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the out-of-band spectral sensitivity measuring device and method of the solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the spectral sensitivity measuring device of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier of the invention.
Wherein: 1-incident light; 2-cathode window; 3-Cs2A Te cathode; 4-cathode flange (cathode); 5-photoelectron; 6-MCP 1 input pole; 7-MCP 1; 8-MCP 2; 9-MCP 2 output pole; 10 a fluorescent screen; 11-anode flange (anode); 12-anode output window; 13-1-cathode ammeter; 13-2-anode ammeter; 14-anodic current; 15-test power supply; 16-solar blind uv image intensifier (test sample); 17-a test fixture; 18-dark box; 19-laser pumped gas discharge light source (light source); 19-1 — lamp power supply; 19-2-laser; 19-3-discharge lamp; 20-monochromator; 20-1 — input slit; 20-2 — output slit; 21-optical filter.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, the light source is model EQ-99X manufactured by ENEREGTIQ Inc. in the United states. The monochromator is a grating monochromator with the model of Omni-lambda-300, and the manufacturer is Beijing Tourglan optical instrument Limited. The optical filter is a neutral density optical filter, the density is 2, and the manufacturer is Shenzhen excited Extra photoelectric Limited company. The test sample is a phi 18mm solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier, and the cathode is Cs2Te cathode, MCP is MCP used by a conventional low-light level image intensifier, the model is phi 25-6, and the manufacturer is North night vision technology GmbH. The test power supply is a self-made special power supply, and 4 paths of output potentials are adjustable. The cathode ammeter and the anode ammeter are Gishilima ammeter, the model is 6487, and the manufacturer is Tektronix company in America. In this embodiment, the measurement of the spectral sensitivity of 700nm is taken as an example, and the measurement methods of other wavelengths are similar, so that the details are not repeated.
The test specimens were mounted on the test fixture in a dark box. And turning on the light source, the monochromator and the test power supply, and removing the optical filter. Setting the exit wavelength λ of a monochromator0Is 330 nm. The potential of V1 of the test power supply is adjusted to be equal to 0V, V2, the potentials of V3 and V4 are adjusted to be 200V, and the photocurrent I (330) measured by a cathode ammeter is 2.20 multiplied by 10-9A. If the photocurrent is greater than 5X 10-9A, the exit slit of the monochromator needs to be reduced to make the photocurrent less than 5 × 10-9A。
And keeping the incident light condition unchanged, putting the optical filter into the test light path again, and adjusting the potential of V1 of the test power supply to be 0V and the potentials of V2, V3 and V4 to be 200V, 1800V and 1900V respectively. Measuring the anode current I by using an anode ammetera1(330) Is 6.04X 10-7A。
The exit wavelength of the monochromator was set to 700 nm. Removing the optical filter again, keeping the output potentials of the test power supply unchanged, and measuring the anode current I by using the anode ammeter againa2(700) Is 2.00X 10-11A. The spectral sensitivity R (700) at 700nm wavelength was calculated to be 6.01X 10 according to the following formula-12A/W。
Wherein τ (330) is 0.9% and E (700) is 1.09X 10-4W。
It should be noted that if the anode current I is seta2(lambda) less than 10-11A, then the potential of V3 should be increased to increase the gain of the cascaded MCP to make the anode current greater than 10-11A. When the potential of V3 is increased, the potentials of V1 and V2 remain unchanged, and in addition, the potential difference between V4 and V3 also remains unchanged (i.e., the potential difference of 100V is maintained). After the potential change of V3, the above test procedure needs to be repeated under such conditions.
Claims (6)
1. An out-of-band spectral sensitivity measuring device of a solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier comprises a light source, a monochromator, a light filter, a dark box, MCP1, MCP2, a test sample, a test fixture, a cathode ammeter, an anode ammeter and a test power supply; the method is characterized in that:
forming a light path from the light source to the test sample, sequentially arranging the light source, a monochromator, a light filter and a dark box along the direction of the light path, and sequentially arranging a cathode window, a cathode flange plate, MCP1, MCP2 and the test sample along the light path in the dark box;
the test power supply comprises 4 outputs of V1, V2, V3 and V4, which are respectively connected with the cathode of the test sample, the input electrode of the MCP1, the output electrode of the MCP2 and the anode of the test sample.
The cathode ammeter and the anode ammeter are respectively connected in series in a current loop formed by the test power supply and the cathode and the anode of the test sample;
the light source functions to provide incident light; the monochromator functions to provide monochromatic light; the optical filter plays a role in weakening incident light; the dark box plays a role in shielding stray light; the test fixture plays a role in fixing and conducting the cathode and the anode of the test sample; the cathode ammeter plays a role in measuring photocurrent; the anode ammeter plays a role in measuring the anode current; the test power supply functions to power the cathode of the test specimen, the input of MCP1, the output of MCP2, and the anode of the test specimen.
2. The solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier out-of-band spectral sensitivity measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light source is a laser pumping gas discharge light source.
3. A method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of a solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a first step of constructing an out-of-band spectral sensitivity measurement apparatus of the solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier as claimed in claim 1 or 2;
secondly, turning on the light source, removing the optical filter in the measuring device, and setting the emergent wavelength of the monochromator to be any wavelength lambda larger than 320nm0Adjusting the output potential of each path of the test power supply to an appropriate value, and measuring the photocurrent with a cathode ammeterI(λ0)；
Thirdly, adding an optical filter into the measuring device again, keeping the incident light condition unchanged, adjusting each path of output potential of the test power supply to an appropriate value, and measuring the anode current I through an anode ammetera1(λ0)；
Fourthly, removing the optical filter again, setting the emergent wavelength of the monochromator to be more than 600nm and the wavelength lambda corresponding to the spectral sensitivity required to be measured, adjusting the output potential of each path of the test power supply to an appropriate value again, and measuring the anode current I through the anode ammetera2(λ)；
Fifthly, calculating the spectral sensitivity R (lambda) corresponding to the wavelength lambda according to the following formula:
in the formula, E (lambda) is the incident flux of the corresponding wavelength lambda on the cathode window of the solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier; τ (λ)0) For the filter corresponding to wavelength lambda0The attenuation factor of (2).
4. The method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of a solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the second step, the output potentials of each path of the test power supply are adjusted to an appropriate value, specifically:
the potential of V1 is 0V;
the potentials of V2, V3, and V4 are equal and 200V.
5. The method for measuring out-of-band spectral sensitivity of a solar-blind ultraviolet image intensifier as claimed in claim 3, wherein the third step and the fourth step adjust the output potentials of each path of the test power supply to an appropriate value:
the potential of V1 is 0V;
the potentials of V2, V3 and V4 were 200V, 1800V and 1900V, respectively.
6. The solar-blind out-of-band spectral sensitivity measurement method of the ultraviolet image intensifier as set forth in claim 3, wherein:
and in the third step and the fourth step, the potential difference between V4 and V3 for regulating the output potentials of all paths of the test power supply keeps 100V.
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