CN110657603A - Magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger and refrigeration and heating system and method - Google Patents
Magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger and refrigeration and heating system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110657603A CN110657603A CN201911045511.4A CN201911045511A CN110657603A CN 110657603 A CN110657603 A CN 110657603A CN 201911045511 A CN201911045511 A CN 201911045511A CN 110657603 A CN110657603 A CN 110657603A
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910008310 Si—Ge Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger, a refrigeration and heating system and a refrigeration and heating method, wherein the refrigeration and heating system comprises a rectangular heat exchanger, the rectangular heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger shell, a capillary tube matrix filled with magnetic media is installed in the heat exchanger shell, cover plates are installed at two ends of the heat exchanger shell, and the capillary tube matrix is packaged in the heat exchanger shell; first through holes for air inlet and exhaust are processed on the upper edges of the two side cover plates or the upper heat exchanger shell according to different processes in the heat exchanger; and second through holes and third through holes for circulating heat-carrying and cold-carrying fluids are processed on the two side cover plates or the lower edge of the upper heat exchanger shell. The purpose of improving the reliability of the heat exchanger and having strong universality and heat exchange efficiency is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic refrigeration devices, in particular to a magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger integrating packaging and enhanced heat transfer, a refrigeration and heating system and a refrigeration and heating method.
Background
In the aspect of the refrigeration technology accompanied with the production and life of human beings, the traditional gas compression type refrigeration technology is the most mature refrigeration technology with the most wide application at present. In recent years, countries around the world have come to agree on controlling problems such as greenhouse gas emissions and ozone depletion. According to the Montreal agreement, each contracting party needs to gradually replace and eliminate the fluorine-containing working medium. But the environmental protection and safety problems of the novel working medium at the present stage and the cycle efficiency are still difficult to be considered. Magnetic refrigeration is a novel refrigeration technology, and is a refrigeration process by utilizing the characteristic that the magnetocaloric effect of certain materials is obvious (heat is released when the temperature rises under the action of an external magnetic field, and heat is absorbed when the temperature falls). Under the adiabatic condition, when the magnetic working medium is at high temperature, the heat is stored and transported by using the heat-carrying fluid, and when the magnetic working medium is at low temperature, the cold quantity is stored and transported by using the cold-carrying fluid.
In order to realize a continuous and stable magnetic refrigeration process, an excitation magnetic field applied to a magnetic working medium is required to be periodically changed, and the establishment of a magnetic refrigeration cycle is changed according to the characteristics of the excitation magnetic field, but a magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger (a magnetic working medium carrier) is a common problem. The excitation modes can be divided into superconducting magnet excitation, electric excitation and permanent magnet excitation, and the several excitation modes have advantages and disadvantages respectively, so that the comprehensive performance of the permanent magnet excitation mode is better at present. Taking permanent magnet excitation refrigeration as an example, the method is divided into two main modes of rotation type and reciprocating type according to the relative motion mode of an excitation body and a magnetic working medium, so that the filling and runner design of the magnetic working medium needs to be correspondingly adjusted due to different relative motion modes and shapes, the universality is insufficient by adopting a simple sheet or particle stacking mode, and the problems of overlarge system resistance and the like easily occur.
The conventional magnetic refrigeration technology is mainly applied to the cryogenic field such as the preparation of liquid hydrogen, and the like, because the conventional magnetic working medium can ensure higher magnetic entropy change generally in a lower temperature range (the magnetocaloric effect of a paramagnet is stronger below 20K, and a ferromagnet also needs to have stronger magnetic entropy change when approaching a Curie point and has lower Curie point). The development of room temperature magnetic refrigeration technology is based on the discovery that lanthanide rare earth metal gadolinium has a large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature, and the subsequent discovery of the giant magnetocaloric effect of gadolinium-silicon-germanium alloy. The Gd-Si-Ge alloy disclosed in US5743095 is applicable to both low temperature magnetic refrigeration and room temperature magnetic refrigeration processes. At present, in order to ensure the heat exchange effect, a mode of directly contacting a magnetocaloric material (slice or powder) and a cold (hot) carrying fluid is generally adopted, and the corrosion or loss of a magnetic working medium is inevitable no matter the magnetic working medium is prefabricated or a mesh grid is installed, so that the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the contradiction between the strengthened heat exchange and the magnetic working medium packaging.
Two patents with the grant numbers of CN1242228C and the application number of CN201780002992 respectively describe plate-type and tubular magnetic medium packaging processes and relate to related heat exchange equipment. In the former, the magnetic heat material powder is filled between the red copper films with the thickness of 0.02mm, and the working medium generates enough strength without forging treatment, so that the films hardly have enough strength to be used as the framework of particles for supporting the particles. In the latter, a gadolinium or alloy rod is used as an inner core to wrap a copper pipe, and the copper pipe is rolled into a 2.6mm wire rod. However, the ductility of gadolinium, particularly a composite material, is difficult to match with copper, hollow and magnetic medium core body outer leakage tube array strength is possibly insufficient in the rolling process, and the related heat exchanger is not described in detail, and the problems of tube array layout, flow channels, exhaust and the like are not related.
At present, magnetic cores of magnetic refrigeration heat exchangers are mainly plate type, tube type and particle type, the porosity of the whole magnetic core is generally in the interval of 0.4 ~ 0.6.6, micro-channel heat exchange conditions can be formed in any form, particularly, capillary action is most easily generated in the particle type filling process to increase the resistance of the heat exchanger, and the problem of liquid storage can occur in a heat exchange pipeline of the heat exchanger, so that the loss of heat or cold of the magnetic core is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel general heat exchanger with magnetic refrigeration working medium package, aiming at solving the contradiction between the more general enhanced heat exchange and the magnetic working medium package in a magnetic refrigeration system and aiming at improving the reliability, the universality and the enhanced heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger comprises a rectangular heat exchanger, wherein the rectangular heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger shell, a capillary tube matrix filled with magnetic working media is installed in the heat exchanger shell, cover plates are installed at two ends of the heat exchanger shell, and the capillary tube matrix is packaged in the heat exchanger shell; first through holes for air inlet and exhaust are processed on the upper edges of the two side cover plates or the upper heat exchanger shell according to different processes in the heat exchanger; and second through holes and third through holes for circulating heat-carrying and cold-carrying fluids are processed on the two side cover plates or the lower edge of the upper heat exchanger shell.
The heat exchanger shell adopts a rectangular box structure; the heat exchanger shell and the cover plate are made of aluminum alloy materials in a cutting, welding and assembling mode.
The heat exchanger shell is welded and fixed with a boss at the position connected with the cover plate, and a silica gel sealing rubber strip used for sealing the heat exchanger shell is installed on the boss.
The capillary matrix comprises a first rectangular baffle and a second rectangular baffle, a plurality of capillaries which are arranged in a rectangular mode are uniformly arranged between the first rectangular baffle and the second rectangular baffle, square grid groups are arranged between the capillaries in an up-and-down staggered mode at equal intervals, and a circuitous flow channel is formed.
The square grid group comprises a first square grid, a second square grid and a third square grid; the square grid set, the first rectangular baffle, the second square grid and the third square grid are integrally formed by stamping aluminum alloy plates.
The capillary comprises a capillary body, a first cylindrical silica gel cap and a second cylindrical silica gel cap which are used for sealing the capillary body are respectively installed at two ends of the capillary body, and magnetic working media are filled in the capillary body.
The magnetic working medium is formed by mixing 10 nanometer-grade powder of Gd-Si-Ge alloy or other giant thermal materials with 10 nanometer-grade carbon powder with the volume fraction of 5%; in the preparation process, one end of the capillary tube body is sealed by using a first cylindrical silica gel cap, a magnetic working medium is filled into the capillary tube, then the capillary tube body is filled in a repeated centrifugal compaction mode, and finally the other end of the capillary tube is plugged by using a second cylindrical silica gel cap.
The capillary tube body is made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials, and the first cylindrical silica gel cap and the second cylindrical silica gel cap are made of heat-conducting silica gel materials.
The refrigerating and heating system constructed by the magnetic refrigerating heat exchanger comprises a rectangular heat exchanger and a data acquisition and control system; the rectangular heat exchanger is matched with a movable magnetic field arranged on the periphery of the rectangular heat exchanger, a heat storage container and a cold storage container are respectively connected between a second through hole and a third through hole of the rectangular heat exchanger in parallel, an outlet of the heat storage container is connected with an inlet of a heat storage side water pump, and an outlet of the heat storage side water pump is connected with one inlet of a first electric three-way valve; the other inlet of the first electric three-way valve is connected with the outlet of the cold storage side water pump, and the inlet of the cold storage side water pump is connected with the outlet of the cold storage container; two outlets of the second electric three-way valve are respectively connected with inlets of the heat accumulation container and the cold accumulation container; the inlet of the first electric three-way valve and the outlet of the second electric three-way valve are respectively and correspondingly connected with a second through hole and a third through hole of the rectangular heat exchanger; an air inlet of the rectangular heat exchanger is connected with a compressed air storage tank and an exhaust valve through a third electric three-way valve;
a heat storage container electronic water level meter is arranged in the heat storage container;
and the cold accumulation container is internally provided with an electronic water level gauge of the cold accumulation container.
The heating and refrigerating method of the refrigerating system comprises the following steps:
heating and heat storage processes:
step1.1: respectively controlling a first electric three-way valve, a second electric three-way valve and a third electric three-way valve through a data acquisition and control system to enable a rectangular heat exchanger, a heat storage container and a heat storage side water pump to be connected to form a heat storage cycle;
step1.2: the exhaust valve is connected with an air port of the rectangular heat exchanger, and the rectangular heat exchanger is filled with liquid by utilizing the high position of the heat storage container;
step1.3: the movable magnetic field starts to be excited by the rectangular heat exchanger, the rectangular heat exchanger releases heat, the heat storage side water pump is started, the heat storage container starts to collect heat, and the heat is discharged through the load heat exchanger;
step1.4: when the rectangular heat exchanger does not release heat any more, the heat storage side water pump is closed, the third electric three-way valve controls the exhaust valve to be closed, and the compressed air storage tank is opened;
step1.5: the first electric three-way valve is closed, the compressed air presses the liquid in the rectangular heat exchanger into the heat storage container, the water storage capacity in the rectangular heat exchanger is obtained through calculation, when the water level measured by the electronic water level meter of the heat storage container in the heat storage container is increased to a corresponding volume, the second electric three-way valve is closed, and the heating process is finished;
and (3) a refrigeration and cold storage process:
step2.1: respectively controlling a first electric three-way valve, a second electric three-way valve and a third electric three-way valve through a data acquisition and control system to enable a rectangular heat exchanger, a cold accumulation container and a cold accumulation side water pump to be connected to form cold accumulation circulation;
step2.2: the exhaust valve is connected with the air port of the rectangular heat exchanger, and the rectangular heat exchanger is filled with liquid by utilizing the high position of the cold accumulation container;
step2.3: the movable magnetic field leaves the rectangular heat exchanger, the rectangular heat exchanger absorbs heat, the cold storage side water pump is started, the cold storage container starts to collect cold energy, and the cold energy is discharged through the load heat exchanger;
step2.4: when the rectangular heat exchanger does not release cold energy any more, the cold storage side water pump is closed, the third electric three-way valve controls the exhaust valve to be closed, and the compressed air storage tank is opened;
step2.5: the first electric three-way valve is closed, the compressed air presses the liquid in the heat exchanger into the cold accumulation container, the water storage capacity in the rectangular heat exchanger is obtained through calculation, when the water level measured by the electronic water level meter of the cold accumulation container in the cold accumulation container is increased to a corresponding volume, the second electric three-way valve is closed, and the refrigeration process is finished;
corresponding heating and refrigerating working cycles are formed by the alternation of the heating and heat storage processes and the refrigerating and cold storage processes.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger with the structure realizes the circulating refrigeration or heating in a magnetic refrigeration circulating mode, and utilizes the magnetic working medium magnetocaloric effect characteristic that the temperature rises to release heat under the action of an external magnetic field, and the temperature falls to absorb heat, so as to carry out the refrigeration process. Under the adiabatic condition, when the magnetic working medium is at high temperature, the heat is stored and transported by using the heat-carrying fluid, and when the magnetic working medium is at low temperature, the cold quantity is stored and transported by using the cold-carrying fluid. Meanwhile, the contradiction between relatively universal enhanced heat exchange and magnetic medium packaging in the magnetic refrigeration system is effectively solved, the reliability and the universality of the heat exchanger are improved, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
2. The magnetic working medium is packaged in the capillary, and the flow transformation can be carried out on the flow channel in the heat exchanger according to the requirement, so that the problems of direct contact loss of the magnetic working medium and overlarge system resistance are solved.
3. The heat exchanger is used by adding an air inlet and liquid discharge process and an air inlet and exhaust process between the circulation of a heat-carrying fluid and a cold-carrying fluid; thereby avoiding the loss of cold and heat caused by the storage of cold-carrying liquid in the heat exchange period.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of a rectangular heat exchanger according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overall view of the capillary matrix of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a rectangular baffle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of a square grid according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a groove in a rectangular baffle of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the capillary tube of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an exploded view of a capillary tube according to the present invention.
Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the capillary tube a-a of figure 6 according to the present invention.
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the capillary tube B-B of figure 6 according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of a cooling and heating system according to the present invention.
In the figure: the heat exchanger comprises a rectangular heat exchanger 1, a heat exchanger shell 2, a cover plate 3, a capillary tube matrix 4, a first through hole 5, a second through hole 6 (a), a third through hole 6 (b), a capillary tube 7, a first rectangular baffle 8 (a), a second rectangular baffle 8 (b), a first square grid 9 (a), a second square grid 9 (b), a third square grid 9 (c), a first cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (a), a second cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (b), a capillary tube body 11, a magnetic working medium 12, a movable magnetic field 13, a heat storage container 14, a cold storage container 15, a compressed air gas storage tank 16, a data acquisition and control system 17, a third electric three-way valve 18 (a), a second electric three-way valve 18 (b), a first electric three-way valve 18 (c), an exhaust valve 19, a heat storage container electronic water level meter 20 (a), a cold storage container electronic water level meter 20 (b), a heat storage side water pump 21 (a), The cold-side water storage pump 21 (b).
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-10, a magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger includes a rectangular heat exchanger 1, where the rectangular heat exchanger 1 includes a heat exchanger shell 2, a capillary tube matrix 4 filled with a magnetic medium 12 is installed inside the heat exchanger shell 2, and cover plates 3 are installed at two ends of the heat exchanger shell 2 and encapsulate the capillary tube matrix 4 inside the heat exchanger shell 2; first through holes 5 for air inlet and exhaust are processed on the upper edges of the two side cover plates 3 or the upper heat exchanger shell 2 according to different processes in the heat exchanger; and second through holes 6 (a) and third through holes 6 (b) for circulating heat-carrying and cold-carrying fluid are processed on the lower edges of the two side cover plates 3 or the upper heat exchanger shell 2. The magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger with the structure realizes the circular refrigeration or heating by adopting a magnetic refrigeration circulating mode, and utilizes the magnetocaloric effect characteristic of the magnetic working medium 12, namely the temperature rise and heat release and the temperature drop and heat absorption under the action of an external magnetic field to carry out the refrigeration process. Under the adiabatic condition, when the magnetic working medium is at high temperature, the heat is stored and transported by using the heat-carrying fluid, and when the magnetic working medium is at low temperature, the cold quantity is stored and transported by using the cold-carrying fluid. Meanwhile, the contradiction between relatively universal enhanced heat exchange and magnetic medium packaging in the magnetic refrigeration system is effectively solved, the reliability and the universality of the heat exchanger are improved, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Further, the heat exchanger shell 2 adopts a rectangular box structure; the heat exchanger shell 2 and the cover plate 3 are made of aluminum alloy materials in a cutting, welding and assembling mode. The position welded fastening that heat exchanger casing 2 and apron 3 are connected has the boss, install the silica gel joint strip that is used for sealing up heat exchanger casing 2 on the boss. Form fine thermal-insulated through foretell structure, and then great improvement heat exchange efficiency.
Further, the capillary matrix 4 includes a first rectangular baffle 8 (a) and a second rectangular baffle 8 (b), a plurality of capillaries 7 arranged in a rectangular shape are uniformly installed between the first rectangular baffle 8 (a) and the second rectangular baffle 8 (b), and square grid groups are arranged between the capillaries 7 in an equidistant manner in an up-down staggered manner, so as to form a circuitous flow channel. The square grid set comprises a first square grid 9 (a), a second square grid 9 (b) and a third square grid 9 (c); the square grid set, the first rectangular baffle 8 (a), the second square grid 9 (b) and the third square grid 9 (c) are integrally formed by stamping aluminum alloy plates.
The shape of the capillary tube matrix 4 is mainly controlled by a rectangular baffle plate and a square grid, and the length is determined according to the requirement of a heat exchanger and the length of a capillary tube; the grid, the baffle and the heat exchanger form a closed flow channel for liquid, and the three baffles can form four processes for fluid.
Further, the capillary tube 7 includes a capillary tube body 11, a first cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (a) and a second cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (b) for sealing the capillary tube body 11 are respectively installed at two ends of the capillary tube body 11, and a magnetic working medium 12 is filled in the capillary tube body 11.
Further, the magnetic working medium 12 is formed by mixing 10 nanometer-scale powder of Gd-Si-Ge alloy or other giant thermal materials with 10 nanometer-scale carbon powder with volume fraction of 5%; in the preparation process, one end of a capillary tube body 11 is sealed by a first cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (a), a magnetic working medium 12 is filled in the capillary tube, then the capillary tube body 11 is filled in by a repeated centrifugal compaction mode, and finally the other end of the capillary tube is plugged by a second cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (b).
Further, the capillary tube body 11 is made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials, and the first cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (a) and the second cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (b) are made of heat-conducting silica gel materials.
Further, the shell of the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is made of an aluminum alloy material, and the inner wall of the rectangular heat exchanger 1 can be designed to be provided with a clamping groove for fixing a baffle or a grid according to the specific shape of a cylinder or a cuboid. The cover plate is connected with the heat exchanger by adopting threaded connection and using a silica gel strip as a sealing filling material. The outer wall of the heat exchanger is pasted with a vacuum heat insulation plate, and the heat exchanger is subjected to heat insulation treatment.
Further, after the heat absorption process of the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is finished, air enters through the through hole on the upper edge of the rectangular heat exchanger 1, the liquid in the heat exchanger is squeezed into the cold accumulation container from the lower edge of the heat exchanger, the heat accumulation container firstly pumps the heat-carrying fluid into the heat exchanger before the heat release process is carried out, the heat exchanger exhausts air, and after the exhaust is finished, a water pump for heat exchange is started, and the system enters the heat release process; the heat exchanger is characterized in that air can be fed through the through hole on the heat exchanger after the heat release process is finished, the liquid in the heat exchanger is squeezed into the heat storage container through the through hole on the lower edge of the heat exchanger, the heat-carrying fluid is firstly pumped into the heat exchanger by the cold storage container before the heat absorption process is carried out, the heat exchanger exhausts and opens the water pump for cold exchange after the exhaust is finished, and the system enters the heat absorption process.
Example 2:
according to the figure 1, the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is 40mm wide along the moving direction of the magnetic field, 30mm high and 80mm long along the height direction of the magnetic field, and consists of a heat exchanger shell 2, a capillary tube matrix 4 filled with magnetic media and a cover plate 3. Wherein the heat exchanger shell and the cover plate are formed by cutting or welding 3mm aluminum alloy. A boss with the diameter of 5mm is welded at the joint of the heat exchanger shell 2 and the cover plate 3 and used for loading and fixing the silica gel sealing rubber strip and the cover plate. According to different processes in the heat exchanger, taking four processes as an example, a first through hole 5 with the thickness of 5mm is formed in the cover plate or the shell of the heat exchanger and is connected with a gas circuit through a flange or a welding pipeline; two second through holes 6 (a) and third through holes 6 (b) with the diameter of 5mm are arranged on the lower edge of a cover plate or a shell of the heat exchanger and are connected with a liquid path through flanges or welding pipelines. The outer wall of the heat exchanger is pasted with a vacuum heat insulation plate, and the heat exchanger is subjected to heat insulation treatment.
According to fig. 2, 7, 8 and 9, the capillary matrix 4 filled with magnetic medium is formed by splicing a plurality of capillaries 7, two first rectangular baffles 8 (a), a second rectangular baffle 8 (b) and three square grids, namely a first square grid 9 (a), a second square grid 9 (b) and a third square grid 9 (c). The capillary matrix is fixed and positioned according to the grids and the baffle plates, and the relative positions of the square grids and the rectangular baffle plates are fixed by welding equal-length 1mm thick aluminum alloy strips. The square grids are staggered in position as shown in the figure to form liquid flow channels. The grating and the baffle are integrally formed by stamping aluminum alloy plates with the thickness of 2mm, and the aluminum alloy baffle with the width multiplied by 30mm and the aluminum alloy grating with the width multiplied by 30mm are respectively cut according to the properties of the heat exchanger. In this arrangement, the spacing between the capillary centres is 2mm and the shortest distance between the capillary walls is 0.7 mm. The grid has a hole at its corner to avoid air accumulation without filling capillary. At the moment, the volume percentage of the magnetic working medium in the heat exchanger is about 44%, and the porosity is about 56%. Wherein the aperture of the grid just allows the capillary to pass through, and the baffle forms a groove which can just block one end of the capillary. One groove profile of the baffle is shown in fig. 5.
According to fig. 6-9, the capillary 7 filled with magnetic medium is composed of a capillary body 11, a first cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (a), a second cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (b) and a magnetic medium 12. Wherein the capillary has an outer diameter of 1.6 mm and a wall thickness of 0.05 mm, and is made of copper, aluminum or alloy thereof. The thickness of the cylindrical silica gel cap is 0.1mm, and a heat-conducting silica gel material is adopted. The magnetic working medium 12 is formed by mixing 10 nanometer-grade powder of Gd-Si-Ge alloy or other giant thermal materials with 10 nanometer-grade carbon powder with volume fraction of 5%. In the preparation process, one end of the capillary tube is sealed by using a first cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (a), a magnetic working medium 12 is filled in the capillary tube, then the capillary tube is filled in by repeated centrifugal compaction and other modes, and finally the other end of the capillary tube is plugged by using a second cylindrical silica gel cap 10 (b). The semi-circular capillary tubes are punched under special conditions to ensure that the flow channels and the capillary tubes exchange heat with fluid uniformly.
Example 3:
the refrigerating and heating system constructed by the magnetic refrigerating heat exchanger comprises a rectangular heat exchanger 1 and a data acquisition and control system 17; the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is matched with a movable magnetic field 13 arranged on the periphery of the rectangular heat exchanger, a heat storage container 14 and a cold storage container 15 are respectively connected between a second through hole 6 (a) and a third through hole 6 (b) of the rectangular heat exchanger 1 in parallel, an outlet of the heat storage container 14 is connected with an inlet of a heat storage side water pump 21 (a), and an outlet of the heat storage side water pump 21 (a) is connected with one inlet of a first electric three-way valve 18 (c); the other inlet of the first electric three-way valve 18 (c) is connected with the outlet of the cold storage side water pump 21 (b), and the inlet of the cold storage side water pump 21 (b) is connected with the outlet of the cold storage container 15; two outlets of the second electric three-way valve 18 (b) are connected to inlets of the heat storage container 14 and the cold storage container 15, respectively; an inlet of the first electric three-way valve 18 (c) and an outlet of the second electric three-way valve 18 (b) are respectively and correspondingly connected with the second through hole 6 (a) and the third through hole 6 (b) of the rectangular heat exchanger 1; an air inlet of the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is connected with a compressed air storage tank 16 and an exhaust valve 19 through a third electric three-way valve 18 (a);
further, a heat storage container electronic water level gauge 20 (a) is installed inside the heat storage container 14;
further, a cold storage container electronic water level meter 20 (b) is installed inside the cold storage container 15.
Example 4:
the heating and refrigerating method of the refrigerating system comprises the following steps:
heating and heat storage processes:
step1.1: the data acquisition and control system 17 respectively controls the first electric three-way valve 18 (c), the second electric three-way valve 18 (b) and the third electric three-way valve 18 (a) to connect the rectangular heat exchanger 1, the heat storage container 14 and the heat storage side water pump 21 (a) to form a heat storage cycle;
step1.2: the exhaust valve 19 is connected with the air port of the rectangular heat exchanger 1, and the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is filled with liquid by utilizing the high position of the heat storage container 14;
step1.3: the movable magnetic field 13 starts to excite the rectangular heat exchanger 1, the rectangular heat exchanger 1 releases heat, the heat storage side water pump 21 (a) is started, the heat storage container 14 starts to collect heat, and the heat is discharged through the load heat exchanger;
step1.4: when the rectangular heat exchanger 1 does not release heat any more, the heat storage side water pump 21 (a) is closed, the third electric three-way valve 18 (a) controls the exhaust valve 19 to be closed, and the compressed air storage tank 16 is opened;
step1.5: the first electric three-way valve 18 (c) is closed, the compressed air presses the liquid in the rectangular heat exchanger 1 into the heat storage container 14, the water storage amount in the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is obtained through calculation, when the water level measured by the heat storage container electronic water level meter 20 (a) in the heat storage container 14 is increased to a corresponding volume, the second electric three-way valve 18 (b) is closed, and the heating process is finished;
and (3) a refrigeration and cold storage process:
step2.1: the data acquisition and control system 17 respectively controls the first electric three-way valve 18 (c), the second electric three-way valve 18 (b) and the third electric three-way valve 18 (a) to connect the rectangular heat exchanger 1, the cold accumulation container 15 and the cold accumulation side water pump 21 (b) to form cold accumulation circulation;
step2.2: the exhaust valve 19 is connected with the air port of the rectangular heat exchanger 1, and the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is filled with liquid by utilizing the high position of the cold accumulation container 15;
step2.3: the movable magnetic field 13 leaves the rectangular heat exchanger 1, the rectangular heat exchanger 1 absorbs heat, the cold storage side water pump 21 (b) is started, the cold accumulation container 15 starts to collect cold energy, and the cold energy is discharged through the load heat exchanger;
step2.4: when the rectangular heat exchanger 1 does not release cold energy any more, the cold-side water storage pump 21 (b) is closed, the third electric three-way valve 18 (a) controls the exhaust valve 19 to be closed, and the compressed air storage tank 16 is opened;
step2.5: the first electric three-way valve 18 (c) is closed, the compressed air presses the liquid in the heat exchanger into the cold accumulation container 15, the water storage capacity in the rectangular heat exchanger 1 is obtained through calculation, when the water level measured by the electronic water level meter 20 (b) of the cold accumulation container in the cold accumulation container 15 is increased to a corresponding volume, the second electric three-way valve 18 (b) is closed, and the refrigeration process is finished;
corresponding heating and refrigerating working cycles are formed by the alternation of the heating and heat storage processes and the refrigerating and cold storage processes.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger which is characterized in that: the rectangular heat exchanger comprises a rectangular heat exchanger (1), wherein the rectangular heat exchanger (1) comprises a heat exchanger shell (2), a capillary tube matrix (4) filled with a magnetic working medium (12) is arranged in the heat exchanger shell (2), cover plates (3) are arranged at two ends of the heat exchanger shell (2), and the capillary tube matrix (4) is packaged in the heat exchanger shell; first through holes (5) for air inlet and exhaust are processed on the upper edges of the two side cover plates (3) or the upper heat exchanger shell (2) according to different processes in the heat exchanger; second through holes (6 (a)) and third through holes (6 (b)) for allowing a heat-carrying fluid and a cold-carrying fluid to flow through are formed in the lower edges of the both side cover plates (3) or the upper heat exchanger casing (2).
2. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein: the heat exchanger shell (2) adopts a rectangular box structure; the heat exchanger shell (2) and the cover plate (3) are made of aluminum alloy materials in a cutting, welding and assembling mode.
3. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein: the heat exchanger shell (2) is welded and fixed with a boss at the position where the cover plate (3) is connected, and a silica gel sealing rubber strip used for sealing the heat exchanger shell (2) is installed on the boss.
4. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein: the capillary tube matrix (4) comprises a first rectangular baffle (8 (a)) and a second rectangular baffle (8 (b)), a plurality of capillary tubes (7) which are arranged in a rectangular shape are uniformly distributed and installed between the first rectangular baffle (8 (a)) and the second rectangular baffle (8 (b)), square grid groups are arranged among the capillary tubes (7) in an up-and-down staggered mode at equal intervals, and a circuitous flow channel is formed.
5. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger according to claim 4 wherein: the square grid set comprises a first square grid (9 (a)), a second square grid (9 (b)) and a third square grid (9 (c)); the square grid set, the first rectangular baffle (8 (a)), the second square grid (9 (b)) and the third square grid (9 (c)) are integrally formed by stamping aluminum alloy plates.
6. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger according to claim 4 wherein: the capillary tube (7) comprises a capillary tube body (11), a first cylindrical silica gel cap (10 (a)) and a second cylindrical silica gel cap (10 (b)) which are used for sealing the capillary tube body (11) are respectively installed at two ends of the capillary tube body (11), and a magnetic working medium (12) is filled in the capillary tube body (11).
7. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 6 wherein: the magnetic working medium (12) is formed by mixing 10 nanometer-grade powder of Gd-Si-Ge alloy or other giant thermal materials with 10 nanometer-grade carbon powder with volume fraction of 5%; in the preparation process, one end of a capillary tube body (11) is sealed by a first cylindrical silica gel cap (10 (a)), a magnetic working medium (12) is filled into the capillary tube, then the capillary tube body (11) is filled in by a repeated centrifugal compaction mode, and finally the other end of the capillary tube is plugged by a second cylindrical silica gel cap (10 (b)).
8. A magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger according to claim 6 wherein: the capillary tube body (11) is made of copper, aluminum or alloy materials, and the first cylindrical silica gel cap (10 (a)) and the second cylindrical silica gel cap (10 (b)) are made of heat-conducting silica gel materials.
9. A refrigerating and heating system constructed by the magnetic refrigerating and heating exchanger of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: comprises a rectangular heat exchanger (1) and a data acquisition and control system (17); the rectangular heat exchanger (1) is matched with a movable magnetic field (13) arranged on the periphery of the rectangular heat exchanger, a heat storage container (14) and a cold storage container (15) are respectively connected between a second through hole (6 (a)) and a third through hole (6 (b)) of the rectangular heat exchanger (1) in parallel, an outlet of the heat storage container (14) is connected with an inlet of a heat storage side water pump (21 (a)), and an outlet of the heat storage side water pump (21 (a)) is connected with one inlet of a first electric three-way valve (18 (c)); the other inlet of the first electric three-way valve (18 (c)) is connected with the outlet of the cold storage side water pump (21 (b)), and the inlet of the cold storage side water pump (21 (b)) is connected with the outlet of the cold storage container (15); two outlets of the second electric three-way valve (18 (b)) are respectively connected with inlets of the heat accumulation container (14) and the cold accumulation container (15); the inlet of the first electric three-way valve (18 (c)) and the outlet of the second electric three-way valve (18 (b)) are respectively and correspondingly connected with the second through hole (6 (a)) and the third through hole (6 (b)) of the rectangular heat exchanger (1); an air inlet of the rectangular heat exchanger (1) is connected with a compressed air storage tank (16) and an exhaust valve (19) through a third electric three-way valve (18 (a));
a heat storage container electronic water level meter (20 (a)) is arranged in the heat storage container (14);
the cold accumulation container (15) is internally provided with an electronic water level gauge (20 (b)) of the cold accumulation container.
10. A method of producing heat and cooling using the refrigeration system of claim 9, wherein:
heating and heat storage processes:
step1.1: the method comprises the steps that a first electric three-way valve (18 (c)), a second electric three-way valve (18 (b)) and a third electric three-way valve (18 (a)) are respectively controlled by a data acquisition and control system (17) to enable a rectangular heat exchanger (1), a heat storage container (14) and a heat storage side water pump (21 (a)) to be connected to form a heat storage cycle;
step1.2: the exhaust valve (19) is connected with the air port of the rectangular heat exchanger (1), and the rectangular heat exchanger (1) is filled with liquid by utilizing the high position of the heat storage container (14);
step1.3: the movable magnetic field (13) starts to excite the rectangular heat exchanger (1), the rectangular heat exchanger (1) releases heat, the heat storage side water pump (21 (a)) is started, the heat storage container (14) starts to collect heat, and the heat is discharged through the load heat exchanger;
step1.4: when the rectangular heat exchanger (1) does not release heat any more, the heat storage side water pump (21 (a)) is closed, the third electric three-way valve (18 (a)) controls the exhaust valve (19) to be closed, and the compressed air storage tank (16) is opened;
step1.5: the first electric three-way valve (18 (c)) is closed, the compressed air presses the liquid in the rectangular heat exchanger (1) into the heat storage container (14), the water storage amount in the rectangular heat exchanger (1) is obtained through calculation, when the water level measured by the heat storage container electronic water level meter (20 (a)) in the heat storage container (14) is increased to a corresponding volume, the second electric three-way valve (18 (b)) is closed, and the heating process is finished;
and (3) a refrigeration and cold storage process:
step2.1: the data acquisition and control system (17) respectively controls the first electric three-way valve (18 (c)), the second electric three-way valve (18 (b)) and the third electric three-way valve (18 (a)) to connect the rectangular heat exchanger (1), the cold accumulation container (15) and the cold accumulation side water pump (21 (b)) to form a cold accumulation cycle;
step2.2: the exhaust valve (19) is connected with the air port of the rectangular heat exchanger (1), and the rectangular heat exchanger (1) is filled with liquid by utilizing the high position of the cold accumulation container (15);
step2.3: the movable magnetic field (13) leaves the rectangular heat exchanger (1), the rectangular heat exchanger (1) absorbs heat, the cold storage side water pump (21 (b)) is started, the cold storage container (15) starts to collect cold energy, and the cold energy is discharged through the load heat exchanger;
step2.4: when the rectangular heat exchanger (1) does not release cold energy any more, the cold-side water pump (21 (b)) is closed, the third electric three-way valve (18 (a)) controls the exhaust valve (19) to be closed, and the compressed air storage tank (16) is opened;
step2.5: the first electric three-way valve (18 (c)) is closed, the compressed air presses the liquid in the heat exchanger into the cold accumulation container (15), the water storage capacity in the rectangular heat exchanger (1) is obtained through calculation, when the water level measured by the electronic water level meter (20 (b)) of the cold accumulation container in the cold accumulation container (15) is increased to a corresponding volume, the second electric three-way valve (18 (b)) is closed, and the refrigeration process is finished;
corresponding heating and refrigerating working cycles are formed by the alternation of the heating and heat storage processes and the refrigerating and cold storage processes.
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| CN201911045511.4A CN110657603B (en) | 2019-10-30 | 2019-10-30 | Magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger, refrigeration and heating system and method |
| PCT/CN2020/123927 WO2021083129A1 (en) | 2019-10-30 | 2020-10-27 | Magnetic refrigeration heat exchanger and refrigeration heating system and method |
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