CN1106575A - Electrochemical cell - Google Patents

Electrochemical cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1106575A
CN1106575A CN94116182A CN94116182A CN1106575A CN 1106575 A CN1106575 A CN 1106575A CN 94116182 A CN94116182 A CN 94116182A CN 94116182 A CN94116182 A CN 94116182A CN 1106575 A CN1106575 A CN 1106575A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
isolator
battery
housing
anode
sodium
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Pending
Application number
CN94116182A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
A·A·迈特耶斯
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Programme 3 Patent Holdings
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Programme 3 Patent Holdings
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Publication of CN1106575A publication Critical patent/CN1106575A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • H01M10/399—Cells with molten salts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
    • H01M10/3918—Sodium-sulfur cells characterised by the electrolyte
    • H01M10/3936—Electrolyte with a shape other than plane or cylindrical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H01M2300/0071—Oxides
    • H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

In a high temperature rechargeable electrochemical cell (10) has a housing (10) containing an anode (38) and a cathode (34), and divided by a sodium ion-conducting solid electrolyte separator (16), into an anode compartment and a cathode compartment, containing respectively molten sodium active anode material and active cathode material, the separator is tubular, having a closed end and an open end, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially outwardly projecting ribs or lobes (46), the housing is a tubular canister which is polygonal in cross-section, so that it has a plurality of circumferentially spaced corners (14) corresponding in number to the number of lobes (46) of the separator (16), and the separator is concentrically located in the housing (12), each lobe (46) of the separator (16) being circumferentially aligned with, and projecting radially from the separator towards, one of said corners (14).

Description

Electrochemical cell
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemical cell, the isolator that particularly relates to a kind of high temperature chargeable electrochemical battery and be used for this battery.
The invention provides a kind of high temperature chargeable electrochemical battery, it has the housing that comprises an anode and a negative electrode, the inside of this housing is divided into the pair of electrodes chamber by a solid electrolyte isolator, just an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, comprise active anode material and active cathode substance respectively, active anode material is a sodium, and sodium is in molten state under the operating temperature of this battery, isolator is the conductor of sodium ion, this isolator is tubular or cup-shaped, have a closing end and an openend, and have a plurality of circumference upper edge radially outward outstanding rib or lug bosses of being distributed in, housing is that the cross section is polygonal tubular, thereby have a plurality of angles that are distributed on the circumference with the lug boss number of isolator, isolator is located in the housing with one heart, and each lug boss of isolator aligns with an above-mentioned angle on circumference, and radially stretches to this angle from isolator.
Tube can have a base, is used for cell support is the flat board of horizontal support face that above one make battery be in vertical mode of operation, the closing end of its isolator is in foot.Negative electrode comprises the porous electrolyte infiltration matrix of an electron conduction, the inside of its porous is soaked with sodium aluminium electrolysis of fused chloride salt matter, this kind electrolyte melts under the operating temperature of battery, and its AL cation is to receiving cationic atomic ratio≤1: 1, comprise the activated cathode material that is dispersed in its porous inside in the matrix, comprise in the activated cathode material from by Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, at least a transition metal of selecting in the group that Mn and Cu constitute, under the charged state of battery, the activated cathode material is chlorinated.
Housing can be the polygon of rule, the metal cylinder of square or hexagonal section for example, this cross section can allow one on many identical batteries are pasted a ground close fit together, at this moment, the quantity of lug boss can be four or six respectively, and they can be distributed on the circumference regularly.
Battery preferably has negative electrode that adopts above-mentioned matrix structure and the housing with above-mentioned polygonal cross-section.In a specific embodiments of the present invention, although the cross section of housing is circular in principle, the cross section of above-mentioned housing preferably rectangle is for example tetragonal, and the horizontal cross-section of isolator is circular and has four above-mentioned lug bosses.It is indoor that the whole volume of anode and negative electrode can be loaded into corresponding electrode respectively, therefore do not have extra electrode substance reservoir, and the negative electrode easy and that cathode chamber is interior of the anode in the anode chamber is complementary easily.In other words, all the active anode materials can be received in inside the shell the anode chamber, all the activated cathode materials can be received in inside the shell the anode chamber, all the activated cathode material can be accommodated in the cathode chamber of housing inboard, and the volume ratio of cathode chamber and anode chamber is 1.8: 1-2.2: 1.The anode-side surface of isolator can be lined with wick material, is used to absorb above-mentioned lip-deep molten sodium.This wick material can adopt metal, and the wadding of for example stainless net or yarn makes it contact with separator surface or separated by a capillary gap and separator surface.So just the anode-side surface at isolator is lined with a wicking wadding, be used to absorb the sodium of above-mentioned lip-deep fusing, the single polycrystal pottery artifact that isolator adopts sintering to form, this ceramic is by being selected from the sodium beta-alumina, sodium β, and " a kind of solid electrolyte of aluminium oxide and nasicon constitutes.
Negative electrode can be positioned at the isolator outside, be between isolator and the shell and encase isolator, make anode be in isolator inside, at this moment, isolator can have an anode current current-collector, for example be the shape of a metal terminal, for example the terminal of a steel or nickel reaches its inner position near its closed lower end downwards from its openend.Otherwise, anode also can be positioned at the isolator outside, is between isolator and the housing and encases isolator, and make negative electrode be in the isolator inboard, and having similar metal terminal current collector, its alternative prolongation can stretch into each lug boss to improve current collection performance from current-collector.Preferably with above-mentioned isolator housing parts is slit into anode chamber and cathode chamber, one of them is in isolator inside, and another then is between isolator and the housing.No matter be anode in the isolator inboard and negative electrode in the situation in the isolator outside or opposite, the volume ratio of cathode chamber and anode chamber all as above-mentioned be 1.8: 1 to 2.2: 1, preferably 2: 1.
Isolator can adopt the pressing of sintering, isolate the mode of organ pipe makes according to habitual circular cross-section, for example one deck powder balancedly is pressed on the axle, this powder is a kind of solid electrolyte or its a kind of precursor that can become solid electrolyte by sintering, remove the pressed compact that axle stays isolator after the compacting, then isolator pressed compact sintering is made the polycrystal pottery artifact of sintering.As mentioned above, isolator can be used beta-alumina, nasicon or be preferably β " aluminium oxide.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of high temperature chargeable electrochemical battery is provided, it has the housing that comprises anode and negative electrode, the inside of housing is divided into the pair of electrodes chamber by a solid electrolyte isolator, i.e. an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, they comprise active anode material and active cathode substance respectively, the active anode material is a sodium, and sodium is in molten state under the operating temperature of battery, isolator is the conductor of sodium ion, and negative electrode comprises the porous electrolyte infiltration matrix of an electron conduction, and the inside of its porous is soaked with sodium aluminium electrolysis of fused chloride salt matter, this kind electrolyte melts under the operating temperature of battery, and wherein the Al cation comprises the activated cathode material that is dispersed in its porous inside to the atomic ratio of sodium cation≤1: 1 in the matrix, and it comprises from Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, at least a transition metal of selecting in the group that Mn and Cu constitute, under the charged state of battery, the activated cathode material is chlorinated.Housing is a tubular, has a base to be used for cell support flat board to the horizontal support face on one day, and just battery is in vertical mode of operation.Isolator is tubular or cup-shaped, has the lower end of a closure and the upper end of an opening, and has a plurality of distribution circumference upper edge radial outward outstanding rib or lug boss, and the maximum gauge of isolator and the maximum ratio of minimum diameter are 4: 1.
If isolator is to be used to hold negative electrode, the maximum gauge of isolator and the proportion of minimum diameter are 1.8: 1 to 2.2: 1, preferably 1.95: 1 to 2.05: 1.When isolator was used to hold anode, aforementioned proportion was 2.4: 1-4: 1, be preferably 3.0: 1-3.4: 1.
Below mode is also described the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by following embodiment by way of example, wherein:
Fig. 1 represents the side elevation view of I from Fig. 2-battery of the present invention that I line direction obtains;
Fig. 2 represents the horizontal sectional view or the partial plan layout of II from Fig. 1-battery shown in Figure 1 that II line direction obtains;
Fig. 3 is the figure of a similar Fig. 2, shows a kind of change of battery among Fig. 1, and
Relation curve in Fig. 4 presentation graphs 1 between the interior resistance m Ω of battery and the battery charging state represented with Ah.
In Fig. 1, symbol 10 is always represented according to of the present invention one chargeable high-temperature electrochemistry electric storage battery.This battery 10 comprises the mild steel system housing 12 of a tubular, and it extends and have basic in vertical direction is foursquare cross section and fillet 14.This battery 10 has a roughly cup-shaped β " aluminium oxide isolator 16, it is contained in housing 12 inside with one heart, and this isolator has the closed lower end and the upper end of opening, and will be described in more detail below.
Tube 12 has sidewall 18 and bottom, be provided with the square floor 20 that is welded on wall 18 lower edges on the bottom, base plate 20 and 18 lower edge constitute a base 21 together, are used for cell support in a level upward to the flat board of supporting surface 22, make battery be in erectility, as shown in Figure 1.The lower end of isolator 16 closures is on above-mentioned base plate 20 and leave the gap.Tube 12 upper end is with plate closing on closed flat board 24 squares that constitute of being made by mild steel, and plate 24 is welded on the upper edge of wall 18.Central opening with the electronic isolation material seal is arranged in the closure plate 24, insulating material is the dead ring 26 of an Alpha-alumina, it has square profile substantially, and ring 26 top panel is received on the bottom surface of plate 24 by thermocompression bonded, be bonded at plate 24 central openings around.Ring 26 has a central through hole, and it receives closed disk 28 closures of a mild steel system on its top panel by thermocompression bonded, and the footpath is inwardly upwards separated with dull and stereotyped 24 by a clearance for insulation.The upper end of isolator opening is encircled 26 lower surfaces on every side notch 30 inside with beading to being located at 29 places, and the lower surface of ring 26 is flat.The current collector terminal 32 of one nickel system passes closed disk 28 from housing 12 outsides and stretches into, and stretch out from coiling 28 tops the upper end of terminal, and it has constituted the cathode terminal 32 of battery.The axis of the lower end edge battery 10 of this terminal extends, above inside battery is only second to closed lower end, and gapped.
Isolator 16 inside comprise a negative electrode 34, and negative electrode 34 comprises that one has NaCl and the AlCl that is soaked with in iron matrix 36 its pores of porous of liquid infiltration inner bag of porous by first-class substantially molar concentration 3The NaAlCl that mixture constitutes 4, this mixture melts under the operating temperature of battery.The housing 12 of isolator 16 outsides comprises the anode 38 that is made of sodium, and it is fusing too under the operating temperature of battery.Spread to the inside of matrix 36 porous under the charged state of the battery of the accurate NaCl that is split to form, and make matrix 36 be immersed in NaAlCl 4In the electrolyte fused salt, shown among the figure 40, in the prior art known to, this electrolyte is absorbed by the assimilate of FeS and NaF.The terminal 32 of isolator 16 inside is embedded in the matrix 36.The outer surface of isolator 16 is lined with stainless steel grenadine 42, is used to absorb the sodium 38 of above-mentioned lip-deep fusing; And on the tube 12 of formation anode current current-collector, be provided with an anode terminal 44.
Now referring to Fig. 2, identical part among wherein identical symbology and Fig. 1, yet should be specifically noted that the cross section of its isolator, be that face profile is a crux, and have on circumference each other regularly separately four lug bosses 46 at 90 ° of angles, they stretch into respectively in tube 12 the angle 14, thereby they are strictly separated, and each self-contained one lug boss 47 that is made of the matrix 36 of negative electrode 34.The internal volume of counting from root 48 radial outward of each lug boss 46 of connecting adjacent lug boss 46 accounts for isolator 16 internal volumes and accounts for 1/5 of isolator volume.The outer end of lug boss 46 is cut into the rectangle lead angle 52 at the angle 14 of tube 12 at 50 places.Current collector 32 can make the extension 53(dotted line of selection) expand to as shown in the figure within each lug boss 47 that the matrix 36 by negative electrode 34 constitutes.The ratio D1 of maximum outside diameter shown in Figure 2 and minimum outer diameter: D2 is approximately 2.9: 1.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the battery structure of the inboard negative electrode of a kind of what is called/outside anode, and following situation shown in Figure 3 is then opposite, are the battery structure of a kind of inboard anode/outside negative electrode.
In Fig. 3, unless special explanation is arranged, identical part among identical symbology and Fig. 1.About tube 12 with and the structure of closure plate 24, and being connected of closure plate 24 and isolator 14, the battery 10 of Fig. 3 is with basic identical shown in Fig. 1 and 2, just encircle 26 notch naturally with notch 30 some difference (because horizontal cross-section and some difference of situation shown in Figure 2 of isolator 16 shown in Figure 3) on peripheral profile shown in Figure 1, the face profile of notch 30 is corresponding with the cross section of isolator 16 among Fig. 2 among Fig. 1, and the cross section of the isolator among the notch of battery shown in Figure 3 and Fig. 3 is corresponding.
Isolator in Fig. 3 is smaller, and internal volume is less than the volume among Fig. 2, and its lug boss 46 is short and narrower diametrically, and a tangible space is arranged between the angle 14 of tube, and lug boss aligns with the angle but and keeps clear of.The volume of each lug boss is close with the volume of the isolator 16 inside center part of counting from root 48 radial inward of lug boss, accounts for about 1/5 of isolator volume.Naturally under situation shown in Figure 3, terminal 33 is anode terminals, and the cathode terminal (not shown) is located on the tube 12, and terminal 32 is anode current current-collectors, and tube 12 is cathode current collector; Matrix 36 is positioned at isolator 16 outsides that comprise sodium 38, is lined with net or yarn 42 on isolator 16 inner surfaces.Maximum outside diameter shown in Figure 3 is about 2.4: 1 with the ratio of minimum outer diameter.
Under various situations (Fig. 2 and 3), the volume of negative electrode all is about two times of anode volume, to improve effective volumetric efficiency.Two kinds of isolators 16 can be regarded as four complexs of isolating organ pipe, these less pipe volume equate the volume of lug boss 46 with each respectively, these pipes can be secured together along its length intuitively, encase the core that is equivalent to equal five pipes, thereby constitute compound cylinder.The surface area of multiple tube 16 approximates four surface areas than tubule, and volume approximates five volumes than tubule.The power supply characteristic of multiple tube 16 is similar to four above-mentioned characteristics than the tubule parallel connection, and capacity equals five this capacity than tubule, and after the capacity of lug boss 46 exhausted, the volume energy of center gap played 20% effect that the storage capacity arranged.Circular cross-section that the more important thing is the projection of multiple tube 16 in addition makes surface area obviously greater than the surface area of the straight cylindrical tube of the volume of equal height, thereby can provide more electric power when capacity equates.
In Fig. 4, battery among Fig. 1 and 2 is compared with a similar tester battery, the tester battery is identical with the battery structure of Fig. 1 and 2, tube 12 also has similar square horizontal cross-section, the cylindrical shape of standing up that has identical wall thickness with the battery of Fig. 1 and 2 is isolated organ pipe 16, the anode capacity of battery is all identical with cathode capacities, and above-mentioned 2: 1 negative electrode of each battery is more identical than also with anode volume.As can be seen from Fig. 4, the commitment of discharge (for example＜discharge cycle of 5Ah within), the tester battery is similar to the interior resistance of battery shown in Fig. 1 and 2.Yet, at (〉 5Ah subsequently) discharge cycle in, the interior resistance of battery of the present invention is lower than the tester battery.Because battery of the present invention increases to some extent than the isolator area of tester battery, thereby resistance has reduced in making, and powered battery ability of the present invention is strengthened.Because forseeable same reasons, the battery of Fig. 3 is compared with the tester battery also similar improvement.
In addition, lug boss 46 is compared thin with the formed projection of negative electrode diameter of tester battery (equal height and cathode volume).This just means that battery tester battery of the present invention compares and the activated cathode of major part material is arranged more near isolator, and therefore, inside battery polarization phenomena that battery of the present invention is compared with tester and corresponding loss reduce to some extent.
Battery of the present invention and tester battery by contrast, the lug boss thickness of battery isolator of the present invention is thinner relatively than the negative electrode diameter of tester battery, and the surface area of its isolator is compared greatly with the tester battery, and these two features have all strengthened the power supply capacity of battery of the present invention.These two kinds of effects are separate, but all the electric power that increases battery are had effect.
Should be noted that the feature of battery of the present invention in addition, promptly the lug boss owing to battery stretches in the angle of housing, be convenient to make the cathode chamber and the ratio of anode chamber's volume to reach 1.8: 1 to 2.2: 1 desirable scope, in the battery structure of a sealing, this point is very important to effective utilization of volume.Except improving the supplied character as mentioned above, the cross section of isolator is to realizing that this volume ratio also is effective, and the maximum gauge concerning inboard cathode type battery and outside cathode type battery was respectively 1.8: 1 to 2.2: 1 and 2.4: 1 to 4: 1 with the ratio of minimum diameter respectively, this ratio makes the specific energy of cathode chamber and anode chamber's volume reach desirable ratio, further helps high-power being connected.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of electrochemical cell has the housing that comprises an anode and a negative electrode, the inside of this housing is divided into the pair of electrodes chamber by a solid electrolyte isolator, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber of promptly comprising active anode material and activated cathode material respectively, the active anode material is a sodium, and sodium is in molten state under the operating temperature of this battery, isolator is the conductor of sodium ion, this isolator is have a closing end and an openend tubular or cup-shaped, and have a plurality of radial outward on the circumference outstanding rib or lug bosses of being distributed in, housing is a tubular tube, its cross section is a polygon, thereby have a plurality of angles that are distributed on the circumference with the lug boss number of isolator, isolator is contained in the housing with one heart, each protuberance of isolator aligns with an above-mentioned angle on circumference, and radially stretches to this angle from isolator.
2, battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned tube has a base, be used for cell support flat board to the horizontal support face on one day, the closing end of isolator is in below, make battery be in vertical mode of operation, negative electrode comprises the porous electrolyte infiltration matrix of an electron conduction, the inside of its porous is soaked with sodium aluminium electrolysis of fused chloride salt matter, this electrolyte melts under the operating temperature of battery, and the cationic atomic ratio of Al cation and Na≤1: 1 wherein comprises the activated cathode material of the inside that is distributed in its porous in the matrix, this activated cathode material comprises from Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, at least a transition metal of selecting in the group that Mn and Cu constitute, under the charged state of battery, above-mentioned activated cathode material is chlorinated.
3, battery as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that in the anode chamber of housing inboard, comprising all active anode materials, in the cathode chamber of housing inboard, comprise all activated cathode materials, and the ratio of cathode chamber and the volume of anode chamber is 1.8: 1 to 2.2: 1.
4, as any one at the described battery of preceding claim, it is characterized in that housing is the polygonal cross-section of a rule, this cross section can allow one on many identical batteries are pasted a ground close fit together.
5, battery as claimed in claim 4, the cross section that it is characterized in that housing is a rectangle, the horizontal cross-section of isolator is circular, and four above-mentioned lug bosses are arranged.
6, as any one at the described battery of preceding claim, it is characterized in that anode-side surface at isolator is lined with wick material and is used to absorb the sodium that melts on the above-mentioned surface, isolator and the single polycrystal pottery artifact that adopts sintering to form, " a kind of solid electrolyte of aluminium oxide and nasicon is made by being selected from the sodium beta-alumina, sodium β.
7, a kind of electrochemical cell has the housing that comprises an anode and a negative electrode, the inside of this housing is divided into the pair of electrodes chamber by an electrolyte isolator, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber of promptly comprising active anode material and activated cathode material respectively, the active anode material is a sodium, and sodium is in molten state under the operating temperature of this battery, isolator is the conductor of sodium ion, negative electrode comprises the porous electrolyte infiltration matrix of an electron conduction, the inside of its porous is soaked with sodium aluminium electrolysis of fused chloride salt matter, this electrolyte melts under the operating temperature of battery, and the cationic atomic ratio of Al cation and Na≤1: 1 wherein, comprise the activated cathode material that is distributed in its porous inside in the matrix, it comprises from Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, at least a transition metal of selecting in the group that Mn and Cu constitute, under the charged state of battery, the activated cathode material is chlorinated, housing is tubular and has a base and be used for cell support one upward to the flat board of horizontal support face, make battery be in vertical mode of operation, isolator is tubular or cup-shaped, have the closed lower end and the upper end of opening, and a plurality of rib or lug bosses that radial outward is stretched out on the circumference that are distributed in are arranged, the maximum gauge of isolator mostly is 4: 1 most with the ratio of minimum diameter.
CN94116182A 1993-08-03 1994-08-03 Electrochemical cell Pending CN1106575A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ZA93/5610 1993-08-03
ZA935610 1993-08-03

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CN1106575A true CN1106575A (en) 1995-08-09

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US (1) US5472806A (en)
JP (1) JPH07153492A (en)
KR (1) KR950007183A (en)
CN (1) CN1106575A (en)
CA (1) CA2129207A1 (en)
DE (1) DE4427218C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2124109B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2708792B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2280779B (en)
IT (1) IT1274691B (en)
SE (1) SE9402591L (en)
ZA (1) ZA945562B (en)

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ES2124109B1 (en) 1999-08-16
DE4427218C2 (en) 2003-07-03
FR2708792B1 (en) 1997-11-07
JPH07153492A (en) 1995-06-16
ZA945562B (en) 1995-03-02
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US5472806A (en) 1995-12-05
FR2708792A1 (en) 1995-02-10
KR950007183A (en) 1995-03-21
GB2280779A (en) 1995-02-08
ES2124109A1 (en) 1999-01-16
SE9402591D0 (en) 1994-07-28
GB9415583D0 (en) 1994-09-21
ITMI941671A1 (en) 1996-02-01
ITMI941671A0 (en) 1994-08-01
DE4427218A1 (en) 1995-02-09
IT1274691B (en) 1997-07-24
SE9402591L (en) 1995-02-04

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