CN110655466B - Preparation method of benzphetamine hydrochloride - Google Patents
Preparation method of benzphetamine hydrochloride Download PDFInfo
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- CN110655466B CN110655466B CN201910039892.9A CN201910039892A CN110655466B CN 110655466 B CN110655466 B CN 110655466B CN 201910039892 A CN201910039892 A CN 201910039892A CN 110655466 B CN110655466 B CN 110655466B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/62—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by cleaving carbon-to-nitrogen, sulfur-to-nitrogen, or phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds, e.g. hydrolysis of amides, N-dealkylation of amines or quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/24—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reductive alkylation of ammonia, amines or compounds having groups reducible to amino groups, with carbonyl compounds
- C07C209/28—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reductive alkylation of ammonia, amines or compounds having groups reducible to amino groups, with carbonyl compounds by reduction with other reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D203/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing three-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D203/02—Preparation by ring-closure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D203/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing three-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D203/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing three-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D203/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing three-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D203/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing three-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of chemical pharmacy, in particular to a preparation method of Benzphetamine Hydrochloride (Benzphetamine Hydrochloride). The method avoids using control products such as ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, methamphetamine and the like; the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the synthesis cost is reduced; the preparation method can obtain the target compound with high purity in high yield, and is easy for industrial large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of chemical pharmacy, in particular to a preparation method of Benzphetamine Hydrochloride (Benzphetamine Hydrochloride).
Background
The benzphetamine (1) can excite the central nervous system and suppress appetite, and the hydrochloride (2) thereof is clinically used as a euphoric slimming agent for treating obesity and diabetes patients.
US20110046416A1 discloses a method for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride, which comprises using L-methamphetamine hydrochloride (3) as raw material, alkylating the raw material with benzyl chloride under the action of potassium carbonate to obtain benzphetamine (1), and obtaining benzphetamine hydrochloride (2) after forming hydrochloride, wherein the process flow is shown in the following formula.
The literature (Tetrahedron Lett.2015,56, 6488-6490) discloses a preparation method of benzphetamine hydrochloride, which takes natural ephedrine (4) hydrochloride as a raw material, and the benzphetamine hydrochloride (2) is prepared by palladium-carbon catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, benzaldehyde-sodium cyanoborohydride reduction amination and hydrochloride salt formation, and the process flow is shown as the following formula.
The literature (org. Process res. Dev.2014,18, 495-500) discloses a preparation method of benzphetamine hydrochloride, which takes natural pseudoephedrine (5) hydrochloride as a raw material, and prepares benzphetamine hydrochloride (2) by nickel catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, benzyl chloride-potassium ammonium carbonate amine alkylation and hydrochloride salt formation.
The hydrochloric acid L-methamphetamine (3) can be prepared by taking the propiophenone (6) as a raw material, and the method comprises the steps of methylamine-sodium borohydride reductive amination, tartaric acid resolution (J.chem.Soc.Perkin Trans II 1986,1881-86), ammonia water desalination and hydrochloric acid salt formation, wherein the process flow is shown as the following formula.
Ephedrine (4), pseudoephedrine (5), methamphetamine (3,7,8,9), whether racemic or optically pure, and whether in the form of base or salt, are illicit compounds. It belongs to the control of public security bureau and can not be used and produced at will.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new method for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of benzphetamine hydrochloride, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Reduction and ring opening: reacting the compound (17) with a reducing agent to obtain a compound (16);
(2) Methylation: reacting the compound (16) with a methylating agent to obtain benzphetamine (1);
(3) Salifying: benzphetamine (1) reacts with a substance containing HCl to produce benzphetamine hydrochloride (2).
According to the present invention, in the step (1),
the reaction temperature is-20 ℃ to 150 ℃, and preferably 0 ℃ to 100 ℃;
the reaction may be carried out in a solvent, which may be selected from one, two or more of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents, alcohol solvents, for example, one, two or more of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol;
the reducing agent can be selected from one or two or more of lithium aluminum hydride, sodium dihydrobis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminate, lithium trimethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium triethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and zinc borohydride, and is preferably sodium dihydrobis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminate;
the molar ratio of the compound (17) to the reducing agent is 1 (1 to 10), preferably 1 (1 to 2).
According to the present invention, in the step (2),
the methylating agent is selected from one, two or more of methyl iodide, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl benzenesulfonate, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, paraformaldehyde-sodium borohydride, paraformaldehyde-potassium borohydride, paraformaldehyde-lithium borohydride, paraformaldehyde-zinc borohydride, paraformaldehyde-sodium cyanoborohydride, paraformaldehyde-sodium triacetoxyborohydride, formaldehyde-sodium borohydride, formaldehyde-potassium borohydride, formaldehyde-lithium borohydride, formaldehyde-zinc borohydride, formaldehyde-sodium cyanoborohydride and formaldehyde-sodium triacetoxyborohydride;
the molar ratio of the compound (16) to the methylating agent is 1 (1-5), preferably 1 (1-2);
the reaction may be carried out in a solvent selected from one, two or more of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, ester solvents, nitrile solvents, amide solvents, alcohol solvents, water, for example, one, two or more of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methylene chloride, isopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, water;
the reaction temperature is-20 ℃ to 100 ℃, and preferably 0 ℃ to 50 ℃;
according to the present invention, in the step (3),
the reaction temperature is-20 ℃ to 100 ℃, and preferably 0 ℃ to 50 ℃;
the reaction may be carried out in a solvent selected from one, two or more of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents, halogenated alkane solvents, ester solvents, nitrile solvents, amide solvents, alcohol solvents, water, such as one, two or more of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methylene chloride, isopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, water;
the HCl-containing substance may be selected from one, two or more of a hydrogen chloride-alcohol solution, a hydrogen chloride-ester solution, such as one, two or more of a hydrogen chloride-methanol solution, a hydrogen chloride-ethanol solution, a hydrogen chloride-isopropanol solution, a hydrogen chloride-methyl acetate solution, a hydrogen chloride-ethyl acetate solution, a hydrogen chloride-isopropyl acetate solution;
the molar ratio of benzphetamine (1) to HCl is 1 (1-10), preferably 1 (1-2).
According to the invention, the compound (17) can be prepared by taking the compound (12) as a raw material, and the preparation method of the compound (17) comprises the following steps: carrying out benzylation reaction on the compound (12) and a benzylation reagent to obtain a compound (17),
the benzylation reagent is BnX, wherein Bn is benzyl, and X is halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), mesylate, triflate, benzenesulfonate, or p-toluenesulfonate. Preferably, the benzylation agent is benzyl chloride;
according to the invention, the reaction temperature is-10 ℃ to 150 ℃, preferably 0 ℃ to 60 ℃;
the reaction may be carried out in a solvent selected from one, two or more of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, ester solvents, nitrile solvents, amide solvents, water, for example, one, two or more of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methylene chloride, isopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, water;
the reaction may be carried out by adding a base, which may be one or two or more selected from triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, preferably one or two or more selected from triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia;
the molar ratio of the compound (12) to the benzylation agent to the base is 1 (1-2) to (1-5), preferably 1 (1-1.5) to (1-2).
Among them, the compound (12) can be synthesized by a method reported in the literature, or can be obtained by purchase.
The compound (12) can be prepared by a method which comprises the following steps:
a) Reduction: carrying out reduction reaction on the compound (10), a reducing agent and a reduction auxiliary agent to obtain a compound (11);
b) Dehydration and cyclization: the compound (11) is subjected to dehydration cyclization with a cyclization agent to obtain a compound (12).
In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the reaction temperature in the reduction step is-20-150 ℃, and preferably 0-100 ℃;
in a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the solvent in the reduction step can be any one of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or a combination thereof;
in a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the reducing agent in the reduction step may be any one of or a combination of lithium aluminum hydride, sodium dihydrobis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminate, lithium trimethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium triethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride, borane tetrahydrofuran, borane dimethyl sulfide, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, and zinc borohydride, preferably sodium borohydride and potassium borohydride;
in a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the reduction assistant in the reduction step can be any one or a combination of aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, zinc chloride, titanium tetrachloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine and trimethylchlorosilane, preferably methanesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid;
in the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the molar ratio of the compound (10) in the reduction step to the reducing agent is 1:1-10, preferably 1:2-5:0-5;
in the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the reaction temperature in the dehydration cyclization step is 25-150 ℃, preferably 80-130 ℃;
in a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the solvent in the dehydration cyclization step can be any one of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, dichloromethane and water or a combination thereof;
in a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the cyclization reagent in the dehydration cyclization step may be any one or a combination of sulfuric acid-sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid-potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid-lithium hydroxide, sulfuric acid-calcium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-sodium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-potassium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-lithium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-calcium hydroxide, preferably sulfuric acid-sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid-potassium hydroxide;
in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molar ratio of the compound (11) to the cyclizing reagent in the dehydration and cyclization step is 1:1-5, preferably 1:1-2.
The chemical name of the compound of the invention is:
compound (1): (2S) -N-methyl-N-benzyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine;
compound (2): (2S) -N-methyl-N-benzyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrochloric acid;
compound (10): (R) -2-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid;
compound (11): (R) -2-amino-3-phenylpropan-1-ol;
compound (12): (R) -2-benzylethylenimine;
compound (16): (S) -N-benzyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine;
compound (17): (R) -1,2-dibenzylethylenimine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) The method avoids using control products such as ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, methamphetamine and the like; the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the synthesis cost is reduced;
2) The preparation method can obtain the target compound with high purity in high yield, and is easy for industrial large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The high pressure liquid phase (HPLC) parameters used in the present invention are: column, sunfire C18,250mX4.6mm,5 μm; column temperature, 45 ℃; diluent, water-methanol (1, v/v); flow rate, 0.8ml/min; detection wavelength, UV260nm; sample introduction volume, 10 μ l; sample concentration, 0.5mg/ml; mobile phase A,1000ml water containing 1ml triethylamine and 1.56g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, phosphoric acid to adjust pH value to 5.5; mobile phase B, acetonitrile;
the invention obtains a hydrogen spectrum ( 1 HNMR) data used was a 400MHz nuclear magnetic resonance instrument (Bruker Advance II 400 MHz) from Bruker; taking Tetramethylsilicon (TMS) as an internal standard, and collecting at room temperature; chemical shifts (δ) are parts per million (ppm); the singlet is denoted as s, the doublet as d, the triplet as t, the quartet as q, the multiplet as m, and the broad singlet as brs; the coupling constant is denoted as j in Hz; the deuterated solvent is deuterated chloroform (CDCl) 3 ) Or deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d) 6 )；
The instrument used to obtain Mass Spectrometry (MS) data in this invention is Shimadzu LC 2010EV, forward, giving the ion peak of molecular weight hydrogenation (MH) + )；
Unless otherwise indicated, when the present invention relates to percentages between liquids, said percentages are volume/volume percentages; the invention relates to the percentage between liquid and solid, said percentage being volume/weight percentage; the invention relates to the percentages between solid and liquid, said percentages being weight/volume percentages; the balance being weight/weight percent.
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples; the embodiments of the present invention are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited by the embodiments, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit, substance, and principle of the present invention are all equivalent substitutions included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Preparation example: preparation of Compound (12)
Compound (12) can be prepared according to the following scheme:
1. preparation of compound (R) -2-amino-3-phenylpropan-1-ol (11):
1) Suspending 165 g of D-phenylalanine (10) in 1L of 1,4-dioxane at room temperature under stirring, then adding 95 g of sodium borohydride in 10 batches, and continuing to stir for half an hour after the addition is finished;
2) Controlling the temperature to be lower than 20 ℃, slowly dripping 120 g of concentrated sulfuric acid, and continuously stirring for 20 hours at room temperature;
3) Slowly dropwise adding 100 ml of methanol under stirring at room temperature, evaporating the solvent at 60 ℃ under reduced pressure, adding 1L of 5N sodium hydroxide solution, and stirring and refluxing for 3 hours;
4) Cooling to room temperature, adding 1L of toluene, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, and then standing for layering;
5) The separated organic phase is the toluene solution of the desired compound (11) and is used directly in the next reaction.
2. Preparation of compound (R) -2-benzylaziridine (12):
1) Adding 200 ml of 50% sulfuric acid into the obtained toluene solution of the compound (11) at room temperature, and stirring for 30 minutes to fully form salt;
2) After refluxing and water distribution, 600 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide solution is added at 80 ℃;
3) Continuously stirring and refluxing for 20 hours, cooling to room temperature, standing and layering;
4) The organic layer was washed with a mixed solution of 200 ml of saturated brine and 200 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide;
5) The separated organic phase is the toluene solution of the desired (R) -2-benzylethylenimine (12) and is used directly in the next reaction.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of the Compound (R) -1,2-dibenzylethylenimine (17)
1) The toluene solution of (R) -2-benzylethylenimine (12) obtained in the preparation example is subjected to reduced pressure evaporation at 60 ℃ to remove toluene;
2) Mixing the obtained oily substance with 200 ml of concentrated ammonia water and 120 g of benzyl chloride, and stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃;
3) 1 l of toluene and 200 ml of water are added and the reaction is continued for 30 minutes at room temperature;
4) Standing for layering, and washing an organic phase by using a mixture of 150 ml of concentrated ammonia water and 150 ml of water;
5) About 500 ml of toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the remaining toluene solution of compound (17) was used for the next reaction.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of the Compound (S) -N- (1-methyl-2-phenylethyl) benzylamine (16)
1) Dissolving 1500 g of reduced aluminum (Red-Al) in 800 ml of toluene, controlling the temperature to be 80-85 ℃, stirring, slowly dropwise adding the toluene solution of the compound (17) obtained in the example 1, keeping the temperature, stirring for 5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature for later use;
2) Controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃ and stirring, slowly dripping the reaction liquid cooled to room temperature into 2500 g of 10% sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature and stirring for 1 hour after the dripping is finished, and standing for layering;
3) The organic layer was washed with 1 liter of 5% sodium bicarbonate and 1 liter of 5% brine in this order;
4) Drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, removing sodium sulfate by suction filtration, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and adding 1L of methanol;
5) About 500 ml of methanol was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the remaining methanol solution of compound (16) was used for the next reaction.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of benzphetamine (1)
1) Slowly adding 32 g of formaldehyde aqueous solution dropwise into the methanol solution of the compound (16) obtained in the example 2 at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ under stirring, continuing to stir for 2 hours after the dropwise addition is finished for 1 hour;
2) Dropwise adding an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride (15 g of sodium borohydride and 30 ml of water) at 0-10 ℃ under the stirring condition, finishing dropwise adding within 1 hour, and continuously stirring for 2 hours;
3) Under the condition of stirring at 0-10 ℃, the pH value of the reaction mixture is firstly adjusted to 4-6 by 1N hydrochloric acid and then adjusted to 7-8 by 1N sodium hydroxide solution;
4) Evaporating the solvent at 50 ℃ under reduced pressure, adding 300 ml of toluene and 200 ml of water, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, and standing for layering;
5) Washing the organic phase with a mixed solution of 100 ml of water and 100 ml of strong ammonia water, and evaporating the solvent at 50 ℃ under reduced pressure to obtain oily benzphetamine (1) until next salt formation purification.
EXAMPLE 4 preparation of benzphetamine hydrochloride (2)
1) 300 ml of isopropanol was added to the oily benzphetamine (1) obtained in example 3, 35 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was slowly added dropwise with stirring at room temperature, and stirring was continued for 2 hours after the dropwise addition;
2) Steaming at 50 ℃ under reduced pressure until the mixture is dry, adding 300 ml of isopropanol and 2 g of activated carbon, and stirring at 50-55 ℃ for 1 hour;
3) Filtering under reduced pressure, stirring the filtrate for 2 hours at 10-15 ℃, and stirring for 1 hour at 0-5 ℃;
4) Carrying out vacuum filtration, washing a filter cake by using cold isopropanol, and carrying out suction drying;
5) Drying the filter cake at 40-45 ℃ under reduced pressure to obtain 180 g of benzphetamine hydrochloride (2) as a white solid;
the total yield is 65 percent after six continuous reaction steps based on the phenylalanine; the chemical purity was 99.88%, and the optical purity was 99.98ee%;
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 ,400MHz)δ1.05-1.25(m,3H),2.55-2.75(m,1H),2.79(s,3H),3.22-3.52(m,1H),3.62-3.78(m,1H),4.10-4.20(m,2H),7.20-7.50(m,10H),9.12(brs,1H)；m/z 240(M+H)。
the embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride, comprising the steps of:
(1) Reduction and ring opening: reacting the compound (17) with a reducing agent to obtain a compound (16);
(2) Methylation: reacting the compound (16) with a methylating agent to obtain benzphetamine (1);
(3) Salifying: benzphetamine (1) reacts with a substance containing HCl to produce benzphetamine hydrochloride (2).
2. The process for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride according to claim 1,
in the step (1), the step (c),
the reaction temperature is-20 ℃ to 150 ℃;
the reducing agent is one or two or more selected from lithium aluminum hydride, sodium dihydro bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminate, lithium trimethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium triethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium tri-tert-butoxy aluminum hydride, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and zinc borohydride;
in the step (2),
the methylating agent is selected from one, two or more of methyl iodide, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl benzenesulfonate, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, paraformaldehyde-sodium borohydride, paraformaldehyde-potassium borohydride, paraformaldehyde-lithium borohydride, paraformaldehyde-zinc borohydride, paraformaldehyde-sodium cyanoborohydride, paraformaldehyde-sodium triacetoxyborohydride, formaldehyde-sodium borohydride, formaldehyde-potassium borohydride, formaldehyde-lithium borohydride, formaldehyde-zinc borohydride, formaldehyde-sodium cyanoborohydride and formaldehyde-sodium triacetoxyborohydride;
the reaction temperature is-20 ℃ to 100 ℃;
in the step (3), the step (c),
the reaction temperature is-20 ℃ to 100 ℃;
the HCl-containing substance is selected from one, two or more of hydrogen chloride-alcohol solution and hydrogen chloride-ester solution.
3. The process for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step (1),
the reaction temperature is 0-100 ℃;
and/or the reducing agent is sodium dihydrobis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminate.
4. The process for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein in step (2) the temperature of the reaction is between 0 ℃ and 50 ℃.
5. The process for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step (3),
the reaction temperature is 0-50 ℃;
and/or, the HCl-containing substance is selected from one or two or more of hydrogen chloride-methanol solution, hydrogen chloride-ethanol solution, hydrogen chloride-isopropanol solution, hydrogen chloride-methyl acetate solution, hydrogen chloride-ethyl acetate solution and hydrogen chloride-isopropyl acetate solution.
6. The process for the preparation of benzphetamine hydrochloride as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said compound (17) is prepared by: carrying out benzylation reaction on the compound (12) and a benzylation reagent to prepare a compound (17),
the benzylation reagent is BnX, wherein Bn is benzyl, and X is halogen, mesylate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate.
7. The process for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride according to claim 6,
x is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
8. The method for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that,
the benzylation agent is benzyl chloride.
9. The process for the preparation of benzphetamine hydrochloride according to any of claims 6 to 8,
the reaction temperature is-10 ℃ to 150 ℃;
the reaction may be carried out by adding a base selected from one, two or more of triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and aqueous ammonia.
10. The process for the preparation of benzphetamine hydrochloride as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9,
the reaction temperature is 0-60 ℃;
and/or, the reaction can add a base, wherein the base is one, two or more selected from triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia water.
11. The process for the preparation of benzphetamine hydrochloride as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 10,
the compound (12) can be prepared by the following method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a) Reduction: carrying out reduction reaction on the compound (10), a reducing agent and a reduction auxiliary agent to obtain a compound (11);
b) Dehydration cyclization: dehydrating and cyclizing the compound (11) and a cyclization reagent to obtain a compound (12);
12. the process for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride according to claim 11,
the reaction temperature in the reduction step is-20 ℃ to 150 ℃;
the reducing agent in the reduction step is any one or combination of lithium aluminum hydride, sodium dihydro bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminate, lithium trimethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium triethoxy aluminum hydride, lithium tri-tert-butoxy aluminum hydride, borane tetrahydrofuran, borane dimethyl sulfide, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and zinc borohydride;
the reduction assistant in the reduction step is any one or combination of aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, zinc chloride, titanium tetrachloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine and trimethylchlorosilane;
the compound (10) in the reduction step is a reducing agent and a reduction auxiliary agent, wherein the molar ratio of the reducing agent to the reduction auxiliary agent is 1:1-10;
the reaction temperature of the dehydration cyclization step is 25-150 ℃;
the cyclization reagent in the dehydration cyclization step is selected from any one or combination of sulfuric acid-sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid-potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid-lithium hydroxide, sulfuric acid-calcium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-sodium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-potassium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-lithium hydroxide and chlorosulfonic acid-triethylamine-calcium hydroxide;
the compound (11) in the dehydration cyclization step and the cyclization reagent have a molar ratio of 1:1-5.
13. The process for preparing benzphetamine hydrochloride according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that,
the reaction temperature in the reduction step is 0-100 ℃;
and/or the reducing agent in the reduction step is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride;
and/or the reduction auxiliary agent in the reduction step is methanesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid;
and/or the reaction temperature of the dehydration cyclization step is 80-130 ℃;
and/or the cyclization reagent in the dehydration cyclization step is sulfuric acid-sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid-potassium hydroxide.
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| Chiral aziridine ring opening: facile synthesis of (R)-mexiletine and (R)-phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride;M. Muthukrishnan et al.;《Tetrahedron Letters》;20150716;第56卷;第5269-5271页 * |
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