CN110652285A - High-sensitivity backward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system and method thereof - Google Patents
High-sensitivity backward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110652285A CN110652285A CN201911015519.6A CN201911015519A CN110652285A CN 110652285 A CN110652285 A CN 110652285A CN 201911015519 A CN201911015519 A CN 201911015519A CN 110652285 A CN110652285 A CN 110652285A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0093—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy
- A61B5/0095—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy by applying light and detecting acoustic waves, i.e. photoacoustic measurements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6867—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive specially adapted to be attached or implanted in a specific body part
- A61B5/6876—Blood vessel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0204—Acoustic sensors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/16—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-sensitivity backward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system and a method thereof. The invention selects the whole micro ultrasonic sensor with high optical transmittance as the receiving unit, skillfully realizes the coaxial, confocal and integrated structure of the optical and acoustic paths, eliminates the optical or acoustic multi-reflection structure, effectively improves the laser ultrasonic excitation and sensing efficiency, and is easier to realize the reduction of the diameter of the endoscope lens. In addition, the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism is combined, so that a large-size and complex mechanical structure caused by the traditional mechanical step scanning can be effectively eliminated, and the two-dimensional laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging with back, high speed and large field of view can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an imaging system, in particular to a high-sensitivity backward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging method which is suitable for the fields of biological blood vessel imaging, nondestructive inspection of material subsurface and the like.
Background
Laser ultrasonic (also called photoacoustic) imaging is a novel non-invasive imaging method developed in recent years, effectively combines the advantages of high resolution characteristic in optical imaging and deep penetration of ultrasonic imaging, and can provide a high-resolution image of a tested material.
The current measurement modes of photoacoustic imaging include three modes, namely a forward mode, a lateral mode and a back mode. The forward mode is used to a very small extent due to the high optical scattering of the material being tested. The lateral mode usually adopts a sensor or a mode of scanning a measured material to obtain distribution of an optical sound field in a plane, and the mode has high spatial resolution, but is lower in time resolution, complex in imaging algorithm and poor in applicability. The light source and the sensor which emit pulses in the backward mode are positioned on the same side of the tissue, so that the size of the whole device is greatly reduced, the device is an ideal mode of miniaturized equipment, and a high-frequency focusing sensor with a large aperture is adopted, so that a good signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained.
The photoacoustic endoscope is an imaging form combining photoacoustic technology and endoscopic technology, integrates optical fibers, a micro ultrasonic sensor, a micro lens and the like into the front section of the endoscope, adopts probe to rotate and scan, performs excitation and acquisition of photoacoustic signals, and reconstructs optical absorption distribution of a detected material through an inversion algorithm. Currently, the side-receiving mode is mainly adopted, for example: application No. 201810121955.0, with the patent names: intravascular photoacoustic imaging probe based on tapered optical fiber for simultaneously realizing optical coupling and photoacoustic excitation, and having application number 201711122120.9, the patent names are: a photoacoustic endoscopic microscopic imaging device based on an MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) micromirror and an imaging method thereof adopt a lateral mode. However, the excitation and sensing efficiency of the photoacoustic signal is greatly reduced by the optical or acoustic multi-reflection path structure in the system, and the mechanical rotary scanning of the probe driven by the motor has low speed and is easy to be off-axis. In addition, only one layer of cross section can be obtained through single rotation scanning, the scanning efficiency is low, three-dimensional imaging is needed through a push-pull endoscope head, the method is only suitable for endoscopic imaging of a tubular measured object, and a large forward area is an imaging blind area, so that two-dimensional imaging of the forward area cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-sensitivity forward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system and a method thereof, which adopt an easily-realized backward mode, simultaneously meet the requirement of a laser ultrasonic endoscope on high signal-to-noise ratio detection, and have the advantages of simple and compact structure, smaller diameter, low price and easy operation and production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-sensitivity forward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pulse or modulated laser beams emitted by a light source are guided into an optical fiber, sequentially penetrate through a focusing lens and a micro ultrasonic sensor with high optical transmittance, and then are focused and irradiated on a measured material to generate a photoacoustic signal; the miniature ultrasonic sensor is a unit or array structure consisting of a wafer, an electrode and an acoustic matching layer, wherein the surface of the wafer is plated with the electrode, and the acoustic matching layer is adhered to the outer surface of the wafer; the integral structure of the miniature ultrasonic sensor has high transmittance to light beams emitted by a light source, the wafer is made of a piezoelectric single crystal material or a piezoelectric composite material with high optical transmittance, the electrode is made of a tin-doped indium oxide film with high optical transmittance, and the acoustic matching layer is made of transparent epoxy resin with high optical transmittance;
s2: the photoacoustic signal is received by the miniature ultrasonic sensor in a back mode, collected and transmitted to a computer after passing through a signal preprocessing circuit;
s3: the computer carries out two-dimensional plane scanning on the light beam focus through the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism, and forward mode high-sensitivity photoacoustic endoscopic imaging of the material to be detected is realized.
The high-sensitivity forward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system comprises a computer, a light source, an optical fiber, a focusing lens, a miniature ultrasonic sensor, an optical fiber shell, a signal preprocessing circuit and a two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism; the focusing lens and the miniature ultrasonic sensor are sequentially and closely attached to the end face of the optical fiber; the optical fiber, the focusing lens and the miniature ultrasonic sensor are arranged in the optical fiber shell; the optical fiber shell is adhered to the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism; the miniature ultrasonic sensor, the signal preprocessing circuit and the computer are electrically connected in sequence; the light source is electrically connected with the computer; the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism is electrically connected with the computer;
the light source works at one or more selected wavelengths in the range from ultraviolet to infrared, the repetition frequency is 1kHz-10KHz, and the pulse width is 10ns-100 ns; the pulse laser is coupled into a large-caliber multimode optical fiber through an optical fiber coupling component and reaches a focusing lens after being collimated; the focusing lens is arranged at the collimating outlet end of the optical fiber.
The coupling medium between the micro ultrasonic sensor and the material to be measured is gas or liquid.
The two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism is composed of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
The micro ultrasonic sensor receives the photoacoustic signals and collects the photoacoustic signals by adopting a parallel or serial method.
Each channel of the signal preprocessing circuit can be connected with one or more array elements of the miniature ultrasonic sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the photoacoustic signal is detected in a back mode, so that the operability and the application range of the system are effectively improved, and the system can be widely applied to the fields of biological blood vessel imaging, nondestructive inspection of material subsurface and the like.
(2) According to the invention, the micro ultrasonic sensor with high optical transmittance in the whole structure is adopted, the coaxial confocal integration of the excitation unit and the sensing unit is realized, the complex hollow structure digging operation of the sensor is not needed, the laser beam and the photoacoustic signal do not need to be reflected for many times, the excitation and sensing efficiency of the photoacoustic signal is greatly improved, and the whole diameter of the endoscope head is directly reduced by the simple structure.
(3) The spiral planar two-dimensional scanning is realized through the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism, and compared with the mechanical scanning of a stepping motor, the spiral planar two-dimensional scanning mechanism has higher scanning speed and smaller volume.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-sensitivity back laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a computer 1, a light source 2, an optical fiber 3, a focusing lens 4, a micro ultrasonic sensor 5, an optical fiber shell 6, a signal preprocessing circuit 7, a two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism 8, a laser beam 9, a photoacoustic signal 10 and a tested material 11.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the high-sensitivity back laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system comprises a computer 1, a light source 2, an optical fiber 3, a focusing lens 4, a miniature ultrasonic sensor 5, an optical fiber shell 6, a signal preprocessing circuit 7 and a two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism 8; the focusing lens 4 and the miniature ultrasonic sensor 5 are sequentially arranged on the end face of the optical fiber 3; the optical fiber 3, the focusing lens 4 and the micro ultrasonic sensor 5 are arranged in an optical fiber shell 6; the optical fiber shell 6 is adhered to the two-dimensional PZT scanner 8; the miniature ultrasonic sensor 5, the signal preprocessing circuit 7 and the computer 1 are electrically connected in sequence; the light source 2 is electrically connected with the computer 1; the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism 8 is electrically connected to the computer 1.
The miniature ultrasonic sensor 5 has high transmittance to the laser beam 9 emitted by the light source 2, adopts a unit structure, the wafer of the miniature ultrasonic sensor is a PMNT single crystal material or a PMNT 1-3 piezoelectric composite material with high optical transmittance, the electrode is a tin-doped indium oxide thin film material with high optical transmittance, the optical transmittance to 450nm-1100nm can reach 60% -75%, and the central frequency is 5 MHz.
The working wavelength of the light source 2 is 532nm, the repetition frequency is 10KHz, and the pulse width is 100 ns;
the laser beam 9 is coupled into the large-caliber multimode optical fiber 3 through an optical fiber coupling component, the core diameter of the optical fiber is 105 mu m, the Numerical Aperture (NA) is 0.22, and the laser beam reaches the focusing lens 4 and the measured material 11 after being collimated; the focusing lens 4 is a GRIN lens, has the numerical aperture of 0.54, the effective focusing length of 0.45mm and the gradient constant of 1.367, and is arranged at the collimation outlet of the optical fiber 3.
The coupling medium between the micro ultrasonic sensor 5 and the material to be measured is gas or liquid.
The two-dimensional PZT scanner 8 is formed by two piezoelectric ceramic pieces which are overlapped in a crossed mode, and can be driven by the computer 1 through two paths of sinusoidal signals to start vibration in the x-y axis direction, the bidirectional repetition precision is +/-0.2 mu m, and the rereading positioning precision is 0.05 mu m.
The micro-ultrasonic sensor 5 receives the photoacoustic signals 10 and is read into a computer by a serial method, and records the photoacoustic signals 10 in the whole time period.
Example 2:
the focusing lens 4 is a micro-lens array, the micro-lens array is a 10mm multiplied by 10mm array which is composed of micro-lenses with the diameter of 250 mu m and the curvature radius of 835 mu m, and the effective focal length of a single micro-lens is less than 1.2 mm; the micro lens array adopts a 40 x 40 square arrangement mode; the micro-lenses adopt a two-dimensional spherical square structure, and the center distance between every two lenses is 250 mu m; the micro lens can be plated with a broadband antireflection film of 350-700 nm.
Miniature ultrasonic sensor 5 is the array probe of dull and stereotyped structure, laser beam 9 to the 2 transmission of light source has high transmissivity, supersound array element size, quantity and the interval of arranging all are the same with the microlens array, 10mm array, 40 x 40's square is arranged, the array element diameter is 250um, array element central frequency 5MHz, and align one by one with the microlens array element of the microlens array of optical focusing, compare with embodiment 1 and further simplified the structure of system, optical array micro-focusing under the big visual field has been realized, two kinds of functions are received to supersound array.
Each channel of the signal preprocessing circuit 7 can be connected with one or more array elements of the miniature ultrasonic sensor 5.
The micro ultrasonic sensor 5 is used for receiving the photoacoustic signals 10 and is read into a computer by adopting a parallel method, only the peak value of the photoacoustic signal 10 of each array element is recorded, compared with the traditional method for recording the photoacoustic signals 10 of the whole time period, the two-dimensional imaging data volume is greatly reduced, and the method has the advantages of fast data acquisition and transmission, simple image reconstruction algorithm and the like.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A high-sensitivity backward laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pulse or modulated laser beams emitted by a light source are guided into an optical fiber, sequentially penetrate through a focusing lens and a miniature ultrasonic sensor, and then are focused and irradiated on a measured material to generate photoacoustic signals; the miniature ultrasonic sensor is a unit or array structure consisting of a wafer, an electrode and an acoustic matching layer, wherein the surface of the wafer is plated with the electrode, and the acoustic matching layer is adhered to the outer surface of the wafer; the integral structure of the miniature ultrasonic sensor has high transmittance to light beams emitted by a light source, the wafer is made of a piezoelectric single crystal material or a piezoelectric composite material with high optical transmittance, the electrode is made of a tin-doped indium oxide film with high optical transmittance, and the acoustic matching layer is made of transparent epoxy resin with high optical transmittance;
s2: the photoacoustic signal is coupled by gas or liquid, received by the miniature ultrasonic sensor in a back mode, collected by the signal preprocessing circuit and transmitted to the computer; each channel of the signal preprocessing circuit is connected with one or more array elements of the miniature ultrasonic sensor;
s3: and the computer performs two-dimensional plane scanning on the light beam focus through the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism to realize the back mode photoacoustic endoscopic imaging of the detected material.
2. The high-sensitivity back-laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein: at S1, the light source operates at one or more wavelengths selected from the ultraviolet to infrared range.
3. The high-sensitivity back-laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein: in S2, the computer collects photoacoustic signals in a serial or parallel manner.
4. The high-sensitivity back-laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein: in S3, the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism is composed of two piezoelectric ceramic sheets.
5. A high-sensitivity back-laser ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the system comprises a computer, a light source, an optical fiber, a focusing lens, a miniature ultrasonic sensor, an optical fiber shell, a signal preprocessing circuit and a two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism; the focusing lens and the miniature ultrasonic sensor are sequentially and closely attached to the end face of the optical fiber; the optical fiber, the focusing lens and the miniature ultrasonic sensor are arranged in the optical fiber shell; the optical fiber shell is adhered to the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism; the miniature ultrasonic sensor, the signal preprocessing circuit and the computer are electrically connected in sequence; the light source is electrically connected with the computer; the two-dimensional PZT scanning mechanism is electrically connected with the computer.
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