CN110649755B

CN110649755B - Energy storage flywheel device with controllable air gap magnetic field of motor or generator

Info

Publication number: CN110649755B
Application number: CN201910940296.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李光军; 陈益广
Original assignee: Beijing Honghui International Energy Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Honghui International Energy Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-30
Filing date: 2019-09-30
Publication date: 2021-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-30
Also published as: CN110649755A

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage flywheel device with a controllable air gap field of a motor or a generator, which comprises a lower end bearing seat assembly, a lower end cover assembly, a motor stator winding assembly, a motor stator shell assembly, an upper end cover assembly, an upper end bearing seat assembly, an upper end sealing cover assembly, a flywheel rotor, a compression sleeve, a rotary transformer, a nut, a gasket, a screw and the like. In the device, a flywheel rotor is radially supported by a mechanical bearing at the upper and lower shaft ends and is axially supported by a pair of magnetic bearings; the energy conversion part of the charging/discharging is realized by a generator with controllable air gap magnetic field. The current of the annular magnet exciting coil is controlled to control the air gap magnetic field of the generator in real time, the back electromotive force is improved by increasing the magnetic induction intensity, the reduction of the back electromotive force caused by the reduction of the rotating speed is restrained, and the discharge depth of the rated power output of the energy storage flywheel is improved. In a standby state, the current of the annular magnet exciting coil is reduced, and the standby loss of the energy storage flywheel is reduced.

Description

Energy storage flywheel device with controllable air gap magnetic field of motor or generator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of generators, in particular to an energy storage flywheel device with a controllable air gap magnetic field of a motor or a generator.

Background

An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) generally includes an energy storage unit and a UPS host, and when a commercial power fails, the UPS host converts a power supply of the energy storage unit into a suitable voltage without delay, so as to be used by important electric equipment or an electric place. With the rapid development of communication and computer networks, the power requirements of important electric equipment or electric places are higher and higher, and the safety requirements on energy storage units are higher and higher. The energy storage unit commonly used in the current market is mainly a chemical battery, the chemical battery with high safety performance is a lead-acid battery, but the lead-acid battery has low energy density and short service life; other chemical batteries are also applied to energy storage units, but have the hidden danger of easy explosion. In some important application occasions sensitive to fire, such as super high-rise buildings, large hospitals or large data centers and the like, energy storage products with higher safety are urgently needed to serve as energy storage units of the UPS. In addition, after the chemical battery is scrapped, the problems of high recovery cost and easy environmental pollution exist.

An energy storage flywheel is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy of a flywheel rotor through an electromagnetic medium and stores the energy. When the electric energy is needed, the kinetic energy is converted into the electric energy to be output to the load. The energy storage flywheel has the characteristics of rapidness, high efficiency and instantaneous high power when the kinetic energy and the electric energy are converted with each other, and is a physical energy storage device with high power density. In the process of energy conversion, the energy storage flywheel has no links of chemical reaction or chemical change, and each link is easy to precisely measure and control the safety of the use process of the energy storage flywheel and is very high. Energy storage flywheels have been used in UPS systems, energy recovery, and grid frequency modulation. In the energy storage flywheel applied in the UPS field, the energy conversion part (i.e. a generator) mainly adopts the types of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a brushless direct current motor, a switched reluctance motor, an asynchronous motor or an inductor motor and the like. In the energy storage flywheel using the motors, during the energy conversion process, because the air gap magnetic field of the generator is fixed, the back electromotive force output by the generator is only in direct proportion to the rotating speed of the flywheel rotor. In the discharging process of the energy storage flywheel, the rotating speed of a flywheel rotor is gradually reduced from a high speed, and the output back electromotive force is also reduced. If constant power and constant voltage discharge are kept, the voltage is boosted and converted through a controller to keep the voltage constant; in this way, the current of the stator winding of the generator can be increased, and the current of the IGBT power amplifier module in the motor driving system can be correspondingly increased. When the rotation speed of the flywheel is reduced from the highest rotation speed to 1/2 rotation speed, the discharging depth is 75%, and the current in the IGBT power amplification module is increased to 2 times of the highest rotation speed.

If the depth of discharge is increased, the current in the IGBT power amplifier module is further increased, which results in an increase in the power of the control system, and thus increases its cost. In addition, when the energy storage flywheel is fully charged, namely, operates at a rated rotating speed, the air gap magnetic field of the generator is constant, and the flywheel rotor generates large heat loss on the stator and the rotor of the generator when running at a high speed. These are not desirable for high performance energy storage flywheels for UPS power supplies.

An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems in the related art, the present invention provides an energy storage flywheel device with a controllable air gap field of a motor or a generator, which can solve the above problems.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

an energy storage flywheel apparatus with controllable air gap field of an electric motor or generator, comprising: the device comprises a screw A, a lower end bearing block assembly, a flywheel rotor, a lower end cover assembly, a gasket A, a motor stator winding assembly, a motor stator shell assembly, an upper end cover assembly, an upper end bearing block assembly, a screw E, a compression sleeve, a rotary transformer rotor, a nut B, an upper end sealing cover assembly and a lifting ring screw; the screw E is used for tightly connecting the upper end cover assembly and the upper end bearing seat assembly, and the screw A is used for tightly connecting the lower end bearing seat assembly and the lower end cover assembly; the motor stator shell assembly is mounted on the lower end cover assembly; the screw C is used for tightly connecting the lower end cover assembly and the motor stator shell assembly; the bolt B tightly connects the gasket A, the motor stator winding assembly and the lower end cover assembly; the screw D is used for tightly connecting the upper end cover assembly and the motor stator shell assembly; the lifting ring screw is connected with the upper end cover assembly; the upper end bearing block assembly is connected with the flywheel rotor, the upper end bearing block assembly is connected with the lower end face of the compression sleeve, an inner hole of the compression sleeve is connected with the outer diameter of an upper end shaft of the flywheel rotor, the upper end face of the compression sleeve is connected with the lower end face of the rotary transformer rotor, and an inner hole of the rotary transformer rotor is connected with the outer diameter of an upper shaft end of the flywheel rotor; the upper end face of the rotary transformer rotor is connected with the lower end face of the nut B, and the nut B is connected with the flywheel rotor through threads; the screw F is used for tightly connecting the upper end sealing cover assembly and the upper end cover assembly.

Further, the lower end bearing seat assembly comprises a lower end sealing cover, a screw G, O type ring A, a lower end bearing seat, an O-shaped ring B, a corrugated gasket A, a gasket ring, a bearing A, a bearing B, O type ring C, a screw H and a lower end bearing end cover; the corrugated pad A is arranged in the hole of the lower end bearing seat, the lower end surface of the corrugated pad A is connected with the end surface of the stepped hole of the lower end bearing seat, and the upper end surface of the corrugated pad A is connected with the end surface of the backing ring; the backing ring is arranged in a hole of the lower end bearing seat, the excircle of the backing ring is connected with the inner hole of the lower end bearing seat, and the upper end surface of the backing ring is connected with the lower end surface of the bearing A; the bearing A is arranged in the hole of the lower end bearing seat, the outer ring of the bearing A is connected with the inner hole of the lower end bearing seat, and the upper end surface of the bearing A is connected with the lower end surface of the bearing B; the bearing B is also arranged in the hole of the lower end bearing seat, the outer ring of the bearing B is connected with the inner hole of the lower end bearing seat, and the upper end surface of the outer ring of the bearing B is connected with the outer circle of the O-shaped ring C; the O-shaped ring C is arranged in a lower end surface annular groove of the lower end bearing end cover, the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring C is connected with the lower end bearing end cover, and the lower end bearing end cover is arranged at the upper end of the lower end bearing seat and is connected with the lower end bearing seat through an inner hole and an end surface; the screw H is a group of screws, is used for fastening the lower end bearing end cover and the lower end bearing seat and is respectively connected with the lower end bearing end cover and the lower end bearing seat, the O-shaped ring A is arranged in an end surface annular groove of the lower end bearing seat, and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring A is connected with the lower end bearing seat; the O-shaped ring A is arranged in an end surface annular groove of the lower end sealing cover, the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring A is respectively connected with the lower end sealing cover and the lower end bearing seat, and the lower end sealing cover is connected with the lower end bearing seat through a plane and a hole; the screw G is a group of screws and fixedly connects the lower end bearing seat with the lower end sealing cover.

Further, the lower end cover assembly comprises a lower end cover, an O-shaped ring D, a lower end magnetism isolating ring, a screw I, O-shaped ring E, a connector A, a screw J, a lower end magnetic bearing control coil, a lower end magnetic bearing bias coil, a lower end displacement sensor, a screw K, O-shaped ring F, a connector B and a screw L, O-shaped ring G; the O-shaped ring D is arranged in an end face ring groove of the lower end magnetism isolating ring, the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring D is respectively connected with the lower end magnetism isolating ring and the lower end cover, and the lower end magnetism isolating ring is connected with the lower end cover through an end face and an outer circle; the screw I is a group of screws and fixedly connects the lower end magnetism isolating ring with the lower end cover; the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil is arranged in a large circular groove on the end surface of the lower end cover and is respectively connected with the lower end cover and the lower end magnetic bearing control coil, and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil and the lower end magnetic bearing control coil are electrically insulated; the lower end magnetic bearing control coil is also arranged in the end surface large annular groove of the lower end cover and is connected with the lower end cover; the lower end magnetic bearing control coil and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil are sealed, sealed and fastened with the lower end cover by epoxy resin glue; leading-out wires of the lower end magnetic bearing control coil and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil are respectively connected with different pins of the connector A in a soldering mode, the connector A is connected with the lower end cover, the O-shaped ring E is installed in an annular groove of the lower end cover, and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring E is respectively connected with the lower end cover and the connector A; the screw J is a group of screws, the lower end cover is fixedly connected with the connector A, and the lower end displacement sensor is connected with the lower end cover through an end face and is fastened by the screw K; the screw K is a group of screws and is used for fixedly connecting the lower end displacement sensor with the lower end cover, lead-out wires of the lower end displacement sensor are respectively connected with different pins of the connector B in a soldering mode, and the connector B is connected with the lower end cover through an end face; the O-shaped ring F is arranged in the annular groove of the lower end cover, and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring F is respectively connected with the lower end cover and the connector B; the screw L is a group of screws, and is used for fastening and connecting the lower end cover with the connector B, the O-shaped ring G is arranged in the annular groove of the lower end cover, and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring G is connected with the lower end cover.

Further, the motor stator winding assembly comprises a motor stator framework, a motor stator winding and a motor stator electrode; the motor stator winding is a phase winding, a plurality of concentric coils which are connected in series are made of a plurality of strands of enameled wires, the coils are wound on the motor stator framework, the wiring mode adopts Y-shaped connection, Y points are not led out, the leading-out ends of the phase windings are connected with the motor stator electrode through tin soldering, and the stator framework, the motor stator winding and the motor stator electrode are molded into a whole through epoxy resin by an injection mold.

Further, the motor stator shell assembly comprises a lower end insulating pressing plate, a gasket B, a screw M, O type ring H, a lower end silicon steel sheet lamination layer, a lower end insulating sleeve, a motor stator shell, an annular magnet exciting coil, an upper end insulating sleeve, an upper end silicon steel sheet lamination layer, an upper end insulating pressing plate, an O type ring I, a gasket C, a screw N, a connector C, O type ring J and a screw O; the lower end insulating sleeve is arranged in a lower end hole of the motor stator shell and is connected with the motor stator shell through an end face and a cylindrical surface; the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination is formed by laminating multiple layers of silicon steel sheets, is arranged in a lower end hole of the motor stator shell, is connected with the lower end insulating sleeve through an end face, and is connected with the motor stator shell through a cylindrical surface; the lower end insulating pressing plate is also arranged in a lower end hole of the motor stator shell, is connected with the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination through an end face and is connected with the motor stator shell through a cylindrical surface; the gasket B is connected with the lower end insulating pressing plate through an end face; the screw M is a group of screws and is used for fixedly connecting the gasket B, the lower end insulating pressing plate, the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination and the motor stator shell; the O-shaped ring H is arranged in a ring groove at the lower end of the motor stator shell, and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring H is connected with the motor stator shell; the annular magnet exciting coil is arranged in a hole of the motor stator shell, is connected with the stator shell through the outer diameter and is connected with the lower end insulating sleeve through the lower end surface; leading-out wires of the annular magnet exciting coil are respectively welded on different pins of the connector C, the O-shaped ring J is arranged in an annular groove at the outer diameter of the motor stator shell and is respectively connected with the motor stator shell and the connector C, and the connector C is connected with the motor stator shell through an end face; the screw O is a group of screws and is used for fixedly connecting the motor stator shell with the connector C, the upper end insulation sleeve is arranged in an upper end hole of the motor stator shell and is connected with the annular magnet exciting coil through an end face and is connected with the motor stator shell through an end face and a cylindrical surface; the upper end silicon steel sheet is installed in an upper end hole of the motor stator shell in a laminated mode, is connected with the upper end face of the upper end insulating sleeve through the lower end face, and is connected with a hole face of the motor stator shell through an outer cylindrical face; the upper end insulating pressing plate is connected with the upper end surface of the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination through a lower end surface and is connected with a hole surface of the motor stator shell through an outer cylindrical surface, and the gasket C is connected with the upper end surface of the upper end insulating pressing plate through a lower end surface; the screw N is a group of screws and used for fixedly connecting the gasket C, the upper end insulating pressing plate, the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination, the upper end insulating sleeve and the motor stator shell; the O-shaped ring I is arranged in an annular groove at the upper end of the motor stator shell and is connected with the motor stator shell through the outer diameter.

Further, the upper end cover assembly comprises an upper end cover, an upper end magnetic bearing control coil, an upper end magnetic bearing bias coil, a screw P, an upper end magnetism isolating ring, an O-shaped ring K (), an O-shaped ring L, a screw Q, a connector D, a connector E, a screw R, O-shaped ring M, a screw S, an upper end displacement sensor, an O-shaped ring N, a screw T and an air suction pipe interface; the O-shaped ring K () is arranged in an end surface ring groove of the upper end magnetism isolating ring, the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring K () is respectively connected with the upper end magnetism isolating ring and the upper end cover, and the upper end magnetism isolating ring is connected with the upper end cover through an end surface and a cylindrical surface; the screw P is a group of screws and fixedly connects the upper end magnetism isolating ring with the upper end cover, and the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil is arranged in a large circular groove on the end surface of the upper end cover and is respectively connected with the upper end cover and the upper end magnetic bearing control coil; the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil and the upper end magnetic bearing control coil are electrically insulated, the upper end magnetic bearing control coil is also arranged in a large annular groove on the end surface of the upper end cover and is connected with the upper end cover, and the upper end magnetic bearing control coil, the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil and the upper end cover are sealed, sealed and fastened by epoxy resin glue; leading-out wires of the upper end magnetic bearing control coil and the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil are respectively connected with different pins of the connector D in a soldering mode, the connector D is connected with the upper end cover, the O-shaped ring L is installed in an annular groove of the upper end cover, and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring L is respectively connected with the upper end cover and the connector D; the screw Q is a group of screws and is used for fastening and connecting the upper end cover with the connector D; the upper end displacement sensor is connected with the upper end cover through an end face, the screw S is a group of screws, and the upper end displacement sensor is fixedly connected with the upper end cover; the outgoing line of the upper end displacement sensor is respectively connected with different pins of the connector E in a soldering mode, and the connector E is connected with the upper end cover through an end face; the O-shaped ring M is arranged in a ring groove of the upper end cover, the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring M is respectively connected with the upper end cover and the connector E, and the screws R are a group of screws and used for fastening and connecting the upper end cover and the connector E; the O-shaped ring N is arranged in an annular groove on the upper end face of the upper end cover and is respectively connected with the upper end cover and the air exhaust pipe interface through outer diameters, and the air exhaust pipe interface is connected with the upper end cover through a plane; the screw T is a group of screws and fixedly connects the suction pipe interface with the upper end cover.

Further, the upper bearing seat assembly comprises an upper end bearing seat, a corrugated pad B, a bearing C, a corrugated pad C, a screw U, an upper end bearing cover, a rotary transformer stator pressing cover, a rotary transformer stator and a screw V; the corrugated pad B is arranged in a hole of the upper end bearing seat, is connected with the upper end bearing seat through a lower end face and is connected with a lower end face of the bearing C through the upper end face; the bearing C is arranged in a hole of the upper end bearing seat, is connected with the upper end bearing seat through an outer ring and is connected with the lower end surface of the corrugated pad C through an upper end surface, the upper end surface of the corrugated pad C is connected with the lower end surface of the upper end bearing cover, and the upper end bearing cover is arranged at the upper end of the upper end bearing seat and is connected with the upper end bearing seat through an end surface and a cylindrical surface; the screw U is a group of screws and is used for tightly connecting the upper end bearing cover with the upper end bearing seat; the rotary transformer stator is arranged in an inner hole of the upper end bearing cover and is connected with the upper end bearing cover through an end face and a cylindrical surface; the rotary transformer stator pressing cover is connected with the upper end bearing cover through an inner hole and an end face, and the screws V are a group of screws and are used for fixedly connecting the rotary transformer stator pressing cover with the upper end bearing cover.

Further, the upper sealing cover assembly comprises an O-shaped ring O, O, a connector F, a screw W and an upper end sealing cover; the O-shaped ring O is arranged in an annular groove on the lower end face of the upper end sealing cover and is connected with the upper end sealing cover through the outer diameter; the O-shaped ring P is arranged in an annular groove on the upper end sealing cover and is connected with the upper end sealing cover and the connector F through the outer diameter, and the connector F is connected with the upper end sealing cover through the end face; the screw W is a group of screws and is used for fixedly connecting the connector F with the upper end sealing cover.

Further, the device also comprises a nut A, a screw B, a screw C, a screw D and a screw F; the lower end bearing seat assembly is connected with the hole and the end face of the lower end cover assembly through an excircle and the end face; the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring B is connected with the end face of the lower end bearing seat, and the screws A are a group of screws and used for fixedly connecting the lower end bearing seat with the lower end cover; the motor stator shell assembly is arranged on the lower end cover assembly and is connected with the upper end face and the excircle of the lower end magnetism isolating ring through the lower end face and the hole of the motor stator shell; the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring H is connected with the upper end face of the lower end magnetism isolating ring; the screws C are a group of screws and are used for tightly connecting the lower end cover assembly and the motor stator shell assembly; the lower end surface and the outer circular surface of the motor stator winding assembly are respectively connected with the upper end surface and the inner hole of the lower end cover, and the lower end surface of the gasket A is connected with the end surface of the motor stator winding assembly; the screw B is a group of screws and is used for fixedly connecting the gasket A, the motor stator winding assembly and the lower end cover; the outer cylindrical surface of the motor stator winding assembly is respectively connected with the inner hole of the lower end insulating pressing plate, the inner hole of the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination, the inner hole of the lower end insulating sleeve, the inner hole of the annular magnet exciting coil, the inner hole of the upper end insulating sleeve, the inner hole of the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination and the inner hole of the upper end insulating pressing plate of the motor stator shell assembly; the lower end shaft shoulder of the flywheel rotor is connected with the upper end face of the inner ring of the bearing B in the lower end bearing seat assembly, and the lower end shaft diameter of the flywheel rotor is respectively connected with the inner ring inner holes of the bearing A and the bearing B in the lower end bearing seat assembly; the nut A is respectively connected with the lower end thread of the flywheel rotor and the lower end face of the inner ring of the bearing A; the upper end cover assembly is arranged at the upper end of the motor stator shell assembly, and the end surface of the upper end magnetism isolating ring of the upper end cover assembly is respectively connected with the upper end surface of the motor stator shell assembly and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring I; the screws D are a group of screws and are used for tightly connecting the upper end cover assembly and the motor stator shell assembly; the upper end bearing seat assembly is respectively connected with an inner hole and an end face of the upper end cover in the upper end cover assembly through the outer diameter and the end face of the upper end bearing seat; the screw E is a group of screws and is used for fastening and connecting the upper end cover and the upper end bearing seat; an inner ring inner hole and an end face of the bearing C in the upper end bearing block are respectively connected with the shaft outer diameter and the shaft shoulder of the upper shaft end of the flywheel rotor; the upper end face of the inner ring of the bearing C is connected with the lower end face of the compression sleeve, the inner hole of the compression sleeve is connected with the outer diameter of the upper end shaft of the flywheel rotor, the upper end face of the compression sleeve is connected with the lower end face of the rotary transformer rotor, the inner hole of the rotary transformer rotor is connected with the outer diameter of the upper shaft end of the flywheel rotor, and the upper end face of the rotary transformer rotor is connected with the lower end face of the nut B; the nut B is connected with the flywheel rotor through threads, the upper end sealing cover assembly is installed at the upper end of the upper end cover, and the lower end face of the upper end sealing cover and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring O are respectively connected with the end face of the upper end cover; the screw F is a group of screws and fixedly connects the upper end sealing cover with the upper end cover.

Further, the excitation device is an annular excitation coil arranged on the motor stator shell assembly, and the air gap magnetic field of the generator is controlled by the current for controlling the annular excitation coil; the flywheel rotor is processed into a convex and concave arc shape at the two ends of the outer circle and the wheel rim, the convex and concave parts are arranged in an angular staggered manner, and the winding mode of the motor stator winding in the motor stator winding assembly corresponds to the number of convex and concave poles of the flywheel rotor; the number of the bulges and the depressions at the two ends of the outer circle and the wheel rim of the flywheel rotor is respectively 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and the like, and the number of the corresponding poles of the motor is respectively 4 poles, 6 poles, 8 poles, 10 poles, 12 poles, 14 poles, 16 poles, 18 poles, 20 poles, 22 poles, 24 poles and the like.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the air gap magnetic field of the generator in the energy storage flywheel device can be adjusted and controlled according to the change of the rotating speed of the flywheel rotor or the requirement of output power, and the back electromotive force of the generator can be compensated by increasing the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap in the power generation process, so that the problem that the current of an IGBT power amplification module in a driving system is greatly increased along with the reduction of the rotating speed of the flywheel rotor is solved, and the discharge depth of the energy storage flywheel under the rated power can be improved to more than 98%.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage flywheel device with controllable air gap field of an electric motor or a generator according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the lower bearing block assembly;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lower endcap assembly;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a stator winding assembly of the motor;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a stator housing assembly of the electric machine;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the upper end cap assembly;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the upper bearing block assembly;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the upper end seal cap assembly;

FIG. 9 is a 16-pole fly-wheel rotor diagram;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the compression sleeve;

fig. 11 is a development of a 16-pole motor stator winding with 5 concentric coils per phase connected in series under each pair of poles and 4 parallel branches per phase;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the motor/generator excitation field and the magnetic bearing field;

in the figure: 1-screw A, 2-lower end bearing seat component, 201-lower end sealing cover, 202-screw G, 203-O-ring A, 204-lower end bearing seat, 205-O-ring B, 206-corrugated pad A, 207-backing ring, 208-bearing A, 209-bearing B, 210-O-ring, 211-screw, 212-lower end bearing end cover, 3-nut A, 4-flywheel rotor, 5-lower end cover component, 501-lower end cover, 502-O-ring D, 503-lower end magnetic isolating ring, 504-screw I, 505-O-ring E, 506-connector A, 507-screw J, 508-lower end magnetic bearing control coil, 509-lower end magnetic bearing bias coil, 510-lower end displacement sensor, 511-screw K, 512-O-shaped ring F, 513-connector B, 514-screw L, 515-O-shaped ring G, 6-screw B, 7-gasket A, 8-motor stator winding assembly, 801-motor stator framework, 802-motor stator winding, 803-motor stator electrode (803), 9-motor stator shell assembly, 901-lower end insulating pressing plate, 902-gasket B, 903-screw M, 904-O-shaped ring H, 905-lower end silicon steel sheet lamination, 906-lower end insulating sleeve, 907-motor stator shell, 908-annular magnet exciting coil, 909-upper end insulating sleeve, 910-upper end silicon steel sheet lamination, 911-upper end insulating pressing plate, 912-O-shaped ring I, 913-gasket C, 914-screw N, connector 915-C, 915-connector, 916-O-ring J, 917-screw O, 10-screw C, 11-screw D, 12-upper end cover assembly, 1201-upper end cover, 1202-upper end magnetic bearing control coil, 1203-upper end magnetic bearing bias coil, 1204-screw P, 1205-upper end magnetism isolating ring, 1206-O-ring K, 1207-O-ring L, 1208-screw Q, 1209-connector D, 1210-connector E, 1211-screw R, 1212-O-ring M, 1213-screw S, 1214-upper end displacement sensor, 1215-O-ring N, 1216-screw T, 1217-suction pipe interface, 13-upper end bearing block assembly, 1301-upper end bearing block, 1302-corrugated pad B, 1303-bearing C, 1304-corrugated pad C, 1305-screw U, 1302-screw U, 13-suction pipe joint, 13-upper end bearing block assembly, and other parts, 1306-upper bearing cap, 1307-resolver stator hold down cap, 1308-resolver stator, 1309-screw V, 14-screw E, 15-hold down sleeve, 16-resolver rotor, 17-nut B, 18-upper seal cap assembly, 1801-O-ring O, 1802-O-ring P, 1803-connector F, 1804-screw W, 1805-upper seal cap, 19-screw F, 20-eyebolt.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage flywheel device according to the present invention is composed of a screw a1, a lower end bearing block assembly 2, a nut A3, a flywheel rotor 4, a lower end cover assembly 5, a screw B6, a washer a7, a motor stator winding assembly 8, a motor stator housing assembly 9, a screw C10, a screw D11, an upper end cover assembly 12, an upper end bearing block assembly 13, a screw E14, a compression sleeve 15, a resolver rotor 16, a nut B17, an upper sealing cover assembly 18, a screw F19, and an eye screw 20; wherein screw a1, nut A3, screw B6, washer a7, screw C10, screw D11, screw E14, screw F19 and eyebolt 20 are standard pieces and commercially available; the resolver rotor 16 and the resolver stator 1308 are a set of rotor angular position measurement sensors, which belong to general measurement sensors, generally divided into a winding type and a reluctance type, and can be purchased in the market; the flywheel rotor 4 is made of high-strength steel with magnetic conductivity, such as steel 25CrNiMo6, steel 30CrNiMo, steel 35CrMnSi, steel 4340 and the like, and the main processing process comprises the steps of rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, milling, grinding, dynamic balancing and the like of a forged blank; the pressing sleeve 15 is a structural member, and is made of metal materials such as aluminum, 45 steel and the like through turning; the lower end bearing seat assembly 2, the lower end cover assembly 5, the motor stator winding assembly 8, the motor stator housing assembly 9, the upper end cover assembly 12, the upper end bearing seat assembly 13 and the upper sealing cover assembly 18 are all assemblies and are assembled by a plurality of parts, and the embodiments of the assemblies are described below.

As shown in fig. 2, the lower bearing housing assembly 2 is composed of a lower sealing cover 201, a screw G202, an O-ring a203, a lower bearing housing 204, an O-ring B205, a corrugated gasket a206, a gasket ring 207, a bearing a208, a bearing B209, an O-ring C210, a screw H211 and a lower bearing end cover 212; wherein: the screw G202, the O-ring A203, the O-ring B205, the corrugated gasket A206, the bearing A208, the bearing B209, the O-ring C210 and the screw H211 are standard parts and can be purchased from the market; the lower end sealing cover 201 is made of stainless steel 304 through turning and drilling; the lower end bearing block 204 is made of stainless steel 304 and is obtained by turning, grinding, drilling and tapping; the backing ring 207 is made of 45 steel materials and is obtained by turning; the lower end bearing cap 212 is made of 45 steel, 40Cr steel or brass H62, which is a metal material, and is obtained by turning and drilling. The assembly process of the lower end bearing block component 2 is as follows: a corrugated pad A206 is arranged in a hole of a lower end bearing seat 204, the lower end surface of the corrugated pad A is connected with the end surface of a stepped hole of the lower end bearing seat 204, the upper end surface of the corrugated pad A is connected with the end surface of a backing ring 207, the backing ring 207 is arranged in the hole of the lower end bearing seat 204, the outer circle of the backing ring is connected with the inner hole of the lower end bearing seat 204, the upper end surface of the backing ring is connected with the lower end surface of a bearing B209, the bearing B209 is arranged in the hole of the lower end bearing seat 204, the outer circle of the bearing is connected with the inner hole of the lower end bearing seat 204, the upper end surface of the outer circle of the bearing is connected with the outer circle of an O-ring C210, the O-ring C210 is arranged in the annular groove of the lower end surface of a lower end bearing end cover 212, the outer diameter of the bearing B209 is connected with the upper end of the lower end bearing, the lower end bearing cover 212 is connected with the lower end bearing seat 204 through an inner hole and an end face, a screw H211 is used for tightly connecting the lower end bearing end cover 212 with the lower end bearing seat 204, an O-shaped ring A205 is arranged in an end face annular groove of the lower end bearing seat 204, and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring A is connected with the lower end bearing seat 204; the O-ring A203 is arranged in an end face annular groove of the lower end sealing cover 201, the outer diameter of the O-ring A is respectively connected with the lower end sealing cover 201 and the lower end bearing seat 204, the lower end sealing cover 201 is connected with the lower end bearing seat 204 through a plane and a hole, and the lower end bearing seat 204 is tightly connected with the lower end sealing cover 201 through a screw G202 to complete the assembly of the lower end bearing seat component 2;

as shown in fig. 3, the lower end cover assembly 5 is composed of a lower end cover 501, an O-ring D502, a lower end magnetism isolating ring 503, a screw I504, an O-ring E505, a connector a506, a screw J507, a lower end magnetic bearing control coil 508, a lower end magnetic bearing bias coil 509, a lower end displacement sensor 510, a screw K511, an O-ring F512, a connector B513, a screw L514, and an O-ring G515; wherein: the O-ring D502, the screw I504, the O-ring E505, the connector A506, the screw J507, the screw K511, the O-ring F512, the connector B513, the screw L514 and the O-ring G515 are standard parts and can be purchased from the market; the lower end displacement sensor 510 is an eddy current displacement sensor, which is a commonly used measuring sensor and is commercially available; the lower end cover 501 is made of nodular cast iron and is obtained by processing through casting, rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, drilling, tapping and the like; the lower end magnetism isolating ring 503 is made of aluminum or stainless steel 316L and is obtained by turning and drilling; the lower end magnetic bearing control coil 508 and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil 509 are both obtained by winding a plurality of enameled wires into a circular ring shape, then dipping in paint and drying. The assembly process of the lower end cover assembly 5 is as follows: an O-shaped ring D502 is arranged in an end surface annular groove of a lower end magnetism isolating ring 503, the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring is respectively connected with the lower end magnetism isolating ring 503 and a lower end cover 501, the lower end magnetism isolating ring 503 is connected with the lower end cover 501 through an end surface and an outer circle and is fastened by a screw I504, a lower end magnetic bearing bias coil 509 is arranged in an end surface large annular groove of the lower end cover 501 and is respectively connected with the lower end cover 501 and a lower end magnetic bearing control coil 508, the lower end magnetic bearing control coil 508 is also arranged in the end surface large annular groove of the lower end cover 501 and is connected with the lower end cover 501, the lower end magnetic bearing control coil 508 and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil 509 are sealed and fastened with the lower end cover 501 by epoxy resin glue, leading-out wires of the lower end magnetic bearing control coil 508 and the lower end bias coil 509 are respectively soldered to different pins of a connector A506, the outer diameter of the lower end cover 501 is connected with the connector A506 through a screw J507, the lower end cover 501 is fixedly connected with the connector A506 through a screw J507, the lower end displacement sensor 510 is connected with the lower end cover 501 through an end face and is fastened through a screw K511, outgoing lines of the lower end displacement sensor 510 are respectively connected with different pins of a connector B513 through tin soldering, the connector B513 is connected with the lower end cover 501 through the end face, an O-shaped ring F512 is arranged in a ring groove of the lower end cover 501, the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring F512 is respectively connected with the lower end cover 501 and the connector B513, the lower end cover 501 is fixedly connected with the connector B513 through a screw L514, and an O-shaped ring G515 is arranged in the ring.

As shown in fig. 4, the motor stator winding assembly 8 is composed of a motor stator frame 801, a motor stator winding 802 and a motor stator electrode 803; the motor stator winding 802 is a 3-phase winding, a winding mold is manufactured, and a plurality of strands of variable-frequency enameled wires are wound and manufactured according to the graph of fig. 11, the motor stator framework 801 can be obtained by opening an injection mold during batch production, and can be obtained by 3D printing of epoxy resin during small batch production of single pieces; the motor stator electrode 803 is obtained by rod turning and drilling of brass H62; the motor stator winding 802 is wound on the motor stator framework 801, the wiring mode adopts Y-shaped connection, a Y point is not led out, the leading-out end of the 3-phase winding is connected with the motor stator electrode 803 by tin soldering and welding, and the stator framework 801, the motor stator winding 802 and the motor stator electrode 803 are integrally injection-molded by epoxy resin through an injection mold.

As shown in fig. 5, the motor stator housing assembly 9 is composed of a lower end insulating pressing plate 901, a gasket B902, a screw M903, an O-ring H904, a lower end silicon steel sheet lamination 905, a lower end insulating sleeve 906, a motor stator housing 907, an annular excitation coil 908, an upper end insulating sleeve 909, an upper end silicon steel sheet lamination 910, an upper end insulating pressing plate 911, an O-ring I912, a gasket C913, a screw N914, a connector C915, an O-ring J916, and a screw O917; wherein: gasket B902, screw M903, O-ring H904, O-ring I912, gasket C913, screw N914, connector C915, O-ring J916 and screw O917 are standard parts and can be purchased from the market; the lower end insulating pressing plate 901, the lower end insulating sleeve 906, the upper end insulating sleeve 909 and the upper end insulating pressing plate 911 are made of glass fiber cloth plates, and are obtained by injection molding of a mold and simple turning, groove milling and drilling; the lower-end silicon steel sheet lamination 905 and the upper-end silicon steel sheet lamination 910 are manufactured by punching and laminating silicon steel sheets; the motor stator housing 907 is made of nodular cast iron and is obtained by processing through casting, rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, drilling, tapping and the like; the annular excitation coil 908 is obtained by winding a plurality of enameled wires into a ring by using a winding mold, dipping insulating paint and drying. The assembly process of the motor stator shell assembly 9 is as follows: the lower end insulating sleeve 906 is arranged in a lower end hole of a motor stator shell 907 and is connected with the motor stator shell 907 through an end face and a cylindrical surface, the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination 905 is formed by laminating multiple layers of silicon steel sheets and is arranged in the lower end hole of the motor stator shell 907 and is connected with the lower end insulating sleeve 906 through the end face and is connected with the motor stator shell 907 through the cylindrical surface, a lower end insulating pressing plate 901 is also arranged in the lower end hole of the motor stator shell 907 and is connected with the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination 905 through the end face and is connected with the motor stator shell 907 through the cylindrical surface, a gasket B902 is connected with the lower end insulating pressing plate 901 through the end face, a screw M903 fastens and connects the gasket B902, the lower end insulating pressing plate 901, the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination 905 and the motor stator shell 907, an annular magnet exciting coil is arranged in a hole of the motor stator shell 908 and is connected with, the outgoing line of the annular excitation coil 908 is respectively welded on different pins of a connector C915, an O-shaped ring J916 is arranged in an annular groove at the outer diameter of a motor stator shell 907 and is respectively connected with the motor stator shell 907 and the connector C915, the connector C915 is connected with the motor stator shell 907 through an end face and is fastened together by a screw O917, an upper end insulating sleeve 909 is arranged in an upper end hole of the motor stator shell 907 and is connected with the annular excitation coil 908 through the end face and is connected with the motor stator shell 907 through an end face and a cylindrical face, an upper end silicon steel sheet lamination 910 is arranged in an upper end hole of the motor stator shell 907 and is connected with an upper end face of the upper end insulating sleeve 909 through a lower end face and is connected with a hole face of the motor stator shell 907 through an outer cylindrical face, an upper end insulating pressure plate 911 is connected with an upper end face of the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination 910 through a lower end face, the washer C913 is connected with the upper end face of the upper end insulating pressing plate 911 through the lower end face, the screw N914 fastens and connects the washer C913, the upper end insulating pressing plate 911, the upper end insulating sleeve 909 of the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination 910 and the motor stator housing 907, and the O-ring I912 is installed in an upper end annular groove of the motor stator housing 907 and is connected with the motor stator housing 907 through the outer diameter.

As shown in fig. 6, the upper end cover assembly 12 is composed of an upper end cover 1201, an upper end magnetic bearing control coil 1202, an upper end magnetic bearing bias coil 1203, a screw P1204, an upper end magnetism isolating ring 1205, an O-ring K (1206), an O-ring L1207, a screw Q1208, a connector D1209, a connector E1210, a screw R1211, an O-ring M1212, a screw S1213, an upper end displacement sensor 1214, an O-ring N1215, a screw T1216 and a suction pipe interface 1217; wherein: the screw P1204, the O-ring K (1206), the O-ring L1207, the screw Q1208, the connector D1209, the connector E1210, the screw R1211, the O-ring M1212, the screw S1213, the O-ring N1215 and the screw T1216 are standard pieces and are commercially available; the upper end displacement sensor 1214 adopts an electric eddy current displacement sensor which is a common measuring sensor and can be purchased from the market; the upper end cover 1201 is made of nodular cast iron and is obtained by processing through casting, rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, drilling, tapping and the like; the upper end magnetism isolating ring 1205 can be made of aluminum or stainless steel 316L and is obtained by turning and drilling; the upper end magnetic bearing control coil 1202 and the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil 1203 are obtained by winding a plurality of strands of enameled wires into a ring shape, then dipping in paint and drying; the air exhaust pipe interface 1217 is obtained by drilling after turning stainless steel 304 material. The assembly process of the upper end cap assembly 12 is: an O-ring K (1206) is arranged in an end surface annular groove of an upper end magnetism isolating ring 1205, the outer diameter of the O-ring K is respectively connected with the upper end magnetism isolating ring 1205 and an upper end cover 1201, the upper end magnetism isolating ring 1205 is connected with the upper end cover 1201 through an end surface and a cylindrical surface and is fastened by a screw P1204, an upper end magnetic bearing bias coil 1203 is arranged in an end surface annular groove of the upper end cover 1201 and is respectively connected with the upper end cover 1201 and an upper end magnetic bearing control coil 1202, the upper end magnetic bearing control coil 1202 is also arranged in the end surface annular groove of the upper end cover 1201 and is connected with the upper end cover 1201, the upper end magnetic bearing control coil 1202 and the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil 1203 are sealed and fastened with the upper end cover 1201 by epoxy resin glue, leading-out wires of the upper end magnetic bearing control coil 1202 and the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil 1203 are respectively soldered to different connectors D1209, a connector D1209 is connected with the, the outer diameter of the upper end cover 1201 is connected with the connector D1209 respectively, the screw Q1208 fastens the upper end cover 1201 and the connector D1209, the upper end displacement sensor 1214 is connected with the upper end cover 1201 through an end face, the screw S1213 fastens the upper end displacement sensor 1214 with the upper end cover 1201 together, lead-out wires of the upper end displacement sensor 1214 are soldered to different pins of the connector E1210 respectively, the connector E1210 is connected with the upper end cover 1201 through the end face, an O-ring M1212 is arranged in an annular groove of the upper end cover 1201, the outer diameter of the O-ring M1212 is connected with the upper end cover 1201 and the connector E1210 respectively, a screw R1211 fastens the upper end cover 1201 with the connector E1210, an O-ring N1215 is arranged in an annular groove of the upper end face of the upper end cover 1201 and connected with the upper end cover 1201 and an exhaust pipe interface 1217 through an outer diameter respectively, and the exhaust pipe interface 121.

As shown in fig. 7, the upper bearing block assembly 13 is composed of an upper bearing block 1301, a corrugated pad B1302, a bearing C1303, a corrugated pad C1304, a screw U1305, an upper bearing cap 1306, a rotary transformer stator hold-down cap 1307, a rotary transformer stator 1308, and a screw V1309; wherein: corrugated pad B1302, bearing C1303, corrugated pad C1304, screw U1305 and screw V1309 are standard parts, commercially available; the resolver stator 1308 and the resolver rotor 16 are a set of rotor angular position measuring sensors, which belong to general measuring sensors, generally divided into a winding type and a reluctance type, and can be purchased in the market; the upper end bearing seat 1301 is made of stainless steel 304 and is obtained by turning, grinding, drilling and tapping; the upper end bearing cover 1306 is made of 45 steel or aluminum materials and is obtained after turning, groove milling, drilling and tapping; the resolver hold-down cap 1307 is made of a metallic material 45 steel or aluminum, and is obtained by turning and drilling. The assembly process of the upper bearing block assembly 13 is as follows: the corrugated pad B1302 is installed in a hole of an upper end bearing seat 1301, is connected with the upper end bearing seat 1301 through a lower end face, is connected with a lower end face of a bearing C1303 through an upper end face, the bearing C1303 is installed in the hole of the upper end bearing seat 1301, is connected with the upper end bearing seat 1301 through an outer ring, is connected with a lower end face of a corrugated pad C1304 through the upper end face, is connected with a lower end face of an upper end bearing cover 1306, the upper end bearing cover 1306 is installed at the upper end of the upper end bearing seat 1301, is connected with the upper end bearing seat 1301 through an end face and a cylindrical face and is fastened through a screw U1305, a resolver stator 1308 is installed in an inner hole of the upper end bearing cover 1306 and is connected with the upper end bearing cover 1306 through the end face and the cylindrical face, and is connected with the upper end bearing cover 1306 through an inner hole and.

As shown in fig. 8, the upper sealing cap assembly 18 is composed of an O-ring O1801, an O-ring P1802, a connector F1803, a screw W1804 and an upper sealing cap 1805; wherein: the O-shaped ring O1801, the O-shaped ring P1802, the connector F1803 and the screw W1804 are standard parts and are purchased from the market; the upper end sealing cover 1805 is obtained by turning, drilling and tapping stainless steel 304. The assembly process of the upper gland assembly 18 is: an O-shaped ring O1801 is arranged in an annular groove on the lower end face of an upper end sealing cover 1805 and is connected with the upper end sealing cover 1805 through the outer diameter, an O-shaped ring P1802 is arranged in an annular groove on the upper end sealing cover 1805 and is connected with the upper end sealing cover 1805 and a connector F1803 through the outer diameter, and the connector F1803 is connected with the upper end sealing cover 1805 through the end face and is fastened by a screw W1804.

As shown in fig. 1, the general assembly process of the energy storage flywheel device according to the present invention is as follows: connecting the lower end bearing seat assembly 2 with the hole and the end face of the lower end cover assembly 5 through the excircle and the end face, connecting the outer diameter of an O-ring B205 with the end face of the lower end bearing seat 204, fastening the lower end bearing seat 204 of the lower end bearing seat assembly 2 and the lower end cover 501 of the lower end cover assembly 5 through a screw A1, installing the motor stator housing assembly 9 on the lower end cover assembly 5, connecting the lower end face and the hole of the motor stator housing 907 with the upper end face and the excircle of the lower end magnetism isolating ring 503, connecting the outer diameter of an O-ring H904 with the upper end face of the lower magnetism isolating ring 503, fastening the O-ring H904 by a screw C10, fastening the lower end cover assembly 5 and the motor stator housing assembly 9 through a screw C10, connecting the lower end face and the excircle face of the motor stator winding assembly 8 with the upper end face and the inner hole of the lower end cover 501 of the lower end cover assembly, the inner ring assembly is fastened together by a screw B6, the outer cylindrical surface of the motor stator winding assembly 8 is respectively connected with the inner hole of a lower end insulating pressing plate 901, the inner hole of a lower end silicon steel sheet lamination 905, the inner hole of a lower end insulating sleeve 906, the inner hole of an annular magnet exciting coil 908, the inner hole of an upper end insulating sleeve 909, the inner hole of an upper end silicon steel sheet lamination 910 and the inner hole of an upper end insulating pressing plate 911 of the motor stator shell assembly 9, the lower end shaft shoulder of the flywheel rotor 4 is connected with the upper end surface of the inner ring of a bearing B209 in the lower end bearing seat assembly 2, the lower end shaft diameter of the flywheel rotor 4 is respectively connected with the inner ring inner holes of a bearing A208 and a bearing B209 in the lower end bearing seat assembly 2, a nut A3 is respectively connected with the lower end thread of the flywheel rotor 4 and the lower end surface of the bearing A208, an upper end inner ring cover assembly 12 is installed at the upper end of the motor stator shell assembly 9, and the end surface The upper end bearing seat assembly 13 is respectively connected with the inner hole and the end face of an upper end cover 1201 in the upper end cover assembly 12 through the outer diameter and the end face of an upper end bearing seat 1301 and is fixedly connected with a screw E14, the inner ring inner hole and the end face of a bearing C1303 in the upper end bearing seat 1301 are respectively connected with the shaft outer diameter and the shaft shoulder of the upper shaft end of the flywheel rotor 4, the inner ring upper end face of the bearing C1303 is connected with the lower end face of a pressing sleeve 15, the inner hole of the pressing sleeve 15 is connected with the upper end shaft outer diameter of the flywheel rotor 4, the upper end face of the pressing sleeve 15 is connected with the lower end face of the rotary transformer rotor 16, the inner hole of the rotary transformer rotor 16 is connected with the shaft outer diameter of the upper shaft end of the flywheel rotor 4, the upper end face of the rotary transformer rotor 16 is connected with the lower end face of a nut B17, a nut B17 is connected with the, the lower end face of the upper end sealing cover 1805 and the outer diameter of the O-ring O are respectively connected to the end face of the upper end cover 1201 and are fastened and connected by a screw F19, and the lifting bolt 20 is threadedly mounted on the upper end cover 1201.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with controllable air gap field of motor or generator, comprising: the device comprises a bolt A (1), a lower end bearing block assembly (2), a flywheel rotor (4), a lower end cover assembly (5), a bolt B (6), a gasket A (7), a motor stator winding assembly (8), a motor stator shell assembly (9), a bolt C (10), a bolt D (11), an upper end cover assembly (12), an upper end bearing block assembly (13), a bolt E (14), a pressing sleeve (15), a rotary transformer rotor (16), a nut B (17), an upper end sealing cover assembly (18), a bolt F (19) and a lifting ring bolt (20); the screw E (14) is used for tightly connecting the upper end cover assembly (12) and the upper end bearing seat assembly (13), and the screw A (1) is used for tightly connecting the lower end bearing seat assembly (2) and the lower end cover assembly (5); the motor stator shell assembly (9) is mounted on the lower end cover assembly (5); the screw C (10) is used for tightly connecting the lower end cover assembly (5) and the motor stator shell assembly (9); the bolt B (6) is used for tightly connecting the gasket A (7), the motor stator winding assembly (8) and the lower end cover assembly (5); the screw D (11) is used for tightly connecting the upper end cover assembly (12) and the motor stator shell assembly (9); the lifting ring screw (20) is connected with the upper end cover assembly (12); the upper end bearing block assembly (13) is connected with the flywheel rotor (4), the upper end bearing block assembly (13) is connected with the lower end face of the pressing sleeve (15), an inner hole of the pressing sleeve (15) is connected with the outer diameter of an upper end shaft of the flywheel rotor (4), the upper end face of the pressing sleeve (15) is connected with the lower end face of the rotary transformer rotor (16), and an inner hole of the rotary transformer rotor (16) is connected with the outer diameter of a shaft at the upper shaft end of the flywheel rotor (4); the upper end face of the rotary transformer rotor (16) is connected with the lower end face of the nut B (17), and the nut B (17) is connected with the flywheel rotor (4) through threads; the screw F (19) tightly connects the upper end sealing cover assembly (18) and the upper end cover assembly (12);

the motor stator shell assembly (9) comprises a lower end insulating pressing plate (901), a gasket B (902), a screw M (903), an O-shaped ring H (904), a lower end silicon steel sheet lamination (905), a lower end insulating sleeve (906), a motor stator shell (907), an annular excitation coil (908), an upper end insulating sleeve (909), an upper end silicon steel sheet lamination (910), an upper end insulating pressing plate (911), an O-shaped ring I (912), a gasket C (913), a screw N (914), a connector C (915), an O-shaped ring J (916) and a screw O (917); the lower end insulating sleeve (906) is arranged in a lower end hole of the motor stator shell (907) and is connected with the motor stator shell (907) through an end face and a cylindrical surface; the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination (905) is formed by laminating multiple layers of silicon steel sheets, is arranged in a lower end hole of the motor stator shell (907), is connected with the lower end insulating sleeve (906) through an end face, and is connected with the motor stator shell (907) through a cylindrical surface; the lower end insulating pressing plate (901) is also arranged in a lower end hole of the motor stator shell (907), is connected with the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination (905) through an end face and is connected with the motor stator shell (907) through a cylindrical surface; the gasket B (902) is connected with the lower end insulating pressing plate (901) through an end face; the screw M (903) is a group of screws and is used for fastening and connecting the gasket B (902), the lower end insulating pressing plate (901), the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination (905) and the motor stator shell (907); the O-shaped ring H (904) is arranged in a ring groove at the lower end of the motor stator shell (907), and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring H is connected with the motor stator shell (907); the annular magnet exciting coil (908) is arranged in a hole of the motor stator shell (907), is connected with the stator shell (907) through the outer diameter and is connected with the lower end insulating sleeve (906) through the lower end face; leading-out wires of the annular magnet exciting coil (908) are respectively welded on different pins of the connector C (915), the O-shaped ring J (916) is installed in an annular groove at the outer diameter of the motor stator shell (907) and is respectively connected with the motor stator shell (907) and the connector C (915), and the connector C (915) is connected with the motor stator shell (907) through an end face; the screw O (917) is a group of screws and is used for fixedly connecting the motor stator shell (907) with the connector C (915), the upper end insulating sleeve (909) is installed in an upper end hole of the motor stator shell (907), is connected with the annular magnet exciting coil (908) through an end face and is connected with the motor stator shell (907) through an end face and a cylindrical surface; the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination (910) is arranged in an upper end hole of the motor stator shell (907), is connected with the upper end surface of the upper end insulating sleeve (909) through a lower end surface and is connected with a hole surface of the motor stator shell (907) through an outer cylindrical surface; the upper end insulating pressing plate (911) is connected with the upper end surface of the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination (910) through the lower end surface and is connected with the hole surface of the motor stator shell (907) through the outer cylindrical surface, and the gasket C (913) is connected with the upper end surface of the upper end insulating pressing plate (911) through the lower end surface; the screw N (914) is a group of screws and is used for fastening and connecting the gasket C (913), the upper end insulating pressing plate (911), the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination (910), the upper end insulating sleeve (909) and the motor stator shell (907); the O-shaped ring I (912) is installed in an annular groove at the upper end of the motor stator housing (907) and is connected with the motor stator housing (907) through the outer diameter.

2. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with an air-gap field controllable motor or generator according to claim 1 wherein: the lower end bearing block assembly (2) comprises a lower end sealing cover (201), a screw G (202), an O-shaped ring A (203), a lower end bearing block (204), an O-shaped ring B (205), a corrugated gasket A (206), a gasket ring (207), a bearing A (208), a bearing B (209), an O-shaped ring C (210), a screw H (211) and a lower end bearing end cover (212); the corrugated pad A (206) is arranged in a hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), the lower end surface of the corrugated pad A is connected with the end surface of a stepped hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), and the upper end surface of the corrugated pad A is connected with the end surface of a backing ring (207); the backing ring (207) is arranged in a hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), the excircle of the backing ring (207) is connected with the inner hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), and the upper end surface of the backing ring (207) is connected with the lower end surface of the bearing A (208); the bearing A (208) is arranged in a hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), a bearing outer ring of the bearing A is connected with an inner hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), and the upper end surface of the bearing A is connected with the lower end surface of the bearing B (209); the bearing B (209) is also arranged in the hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), the outer ring of the bearing B (209) is connected with the inner hole of the lower end bearing seat (204), and the upper end surface of the outer ring of the bearing B (209) is connected with the outer circle of the O-shaped ring C (210); the O-shaped ring C (210) is arranged in an annular groove on the lower end face of the lower end bearing end cover (212), the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring C is connected with the lower end bearing end cover (212), the lower end bearing end cover (212) is arranged at the upper end of the lower end bearing seat (204) and is connected with the lower end bearing seat (204) through an inner hole and an end face; the screw H (211) is a group of screws, is used for fastening the lower end bearing end cover (212) and the lower end bearing seat (204), and is respectively connected with the lower end bearing end cover (212) and the lower end bearing seat (204), the O-shaped ring A (205) is arranged in an end surface annular groove of the lower end bearing seat (204), and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring A is connected with the lower end bearing seat (204); the O-shaped ring A (203) is arranged in an end face annular groove of the lower end sealing cover (201), the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring A is respectively connected with the lower end sealing cover (201) and the lower end bearing seat (204), and the lower end sealing cover (201) is connected with the lower end bearing seat (204) through a plane and a hole; the screw G (202) is a group of screws and is used for tightly connecting the lower end bearing seat (204) with the lower end sealing cover (201).

3. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with an air-gap field controllable motor or generator as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the lower end cover assembly (5) comprises a lower end cover (501), an O-shaped ring D (502), a lower end magnetism isolating ring (503), a screw I (504), an O-shaped ring E (505), a connector assembly A (506), a screw J (507), a lower end magnetic bearing control coil (508), a lower end magnetic bearing bias coil (509), a lower end displacement sensor (510), a screw K (511), an O-shaped ring F (512), a connector assembly B (513), a screw L (514) and an O-shaped ring G (515); the O-shaped ring D (502) is arranged in an end face annular groove of the lower end magnetism isolating ring (503), the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring D is respectively connected with the lower end magnetism isolating ring (503) and the lower end cover (501), and the lower end magnetism isolating ring (503) is connected with the lower end cover (501) through an end face and an outer circle; the screw I (504) is a group of screws, and the lower end magnetism isolating ring (503) is fixedly connected with the lower end cover (501); the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil (509) is arranged in a large annular groove on the end face of the lower end cover (501) and is respectively connected with the lower end cover (501) and the lower end magnetic bearing control coil (508), and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil (509) and the lower end magnetic bearing control coil (508) are electrically insulated; the lower end magnetic bearing control coil (508) is also arranged in a large annular groove on the end surface of the lower end cover (501) and is connected with the lower end cover (501); the lower end magnetic bearing control coil (508) and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil (509) are sealed, sealed and fastened with the lower end cover (501) through epoxy resin glue; leading-out wires of the lower end magnetic bearing control coil (508) and the lower end magnetic bearing bias coil (509) are respectively connected with different pins of the connector A (506) in a soldering mode, the connector A (506) is connected with the lower end cover (501), the O-shaped ring E (505) is installed in an annular groove of the lower end cover (501), and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring E is respectively connected with the lower end cover (501) and the connector A (506); the screw J (507) is a group of screws, the lower end cover (501) and the connector A (506) are fixedly connected, and the lower end displacement sensor (510) is connected with the lower end cover (501) through an end face and is fastened by the screw K (511); the screw K (511) is a group of screws, the lower end displacement sensor (510) and the lower end cover (501) are fixedly connected, outgoing lines of the lower end displacement sensor (510) are respectively connected with different pins of the connector B (513) in a soldering mode, and the connector B (513) is connected with the lower end cover (501) through end faces; the O-shaped ring F (512) is arranged in a ring groove of the lower end cover (501), and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring F is respectively connected with the lower end cover (501) and the connector B (513); the screw L (514) is a group of screws, the lower end cover (501) is fixedly connected with the connector B (513), the O-shaped ring G (515) is arranged in a ring groove of the lower end cover (501), and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring G is connected with the lower end cover (501).

4. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with an air-gap field controllable motor or generator as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the motor stator winding assembly (8) comprises a motor stator framework (801), a motor stator winding (802) and a motor stator electrode (803); the motor stator winding (802) is a 3-phase winding, a plurality of concentric coils which are connected in series with each other and are wound on the same phase are manufactured by winding a plurality of strands of enameled wires, the coils are wound on the motor stator framework (801), the wiring mode adopts Y-shaped connection, a Y point is not led out, the leading-out end of the 3-phase winding is connected with the motor stator electrode (803) by soldering and welding, and the stator framework (801), the motor stator winding (802) and the motor stator electrode (803) are molded into a whole by epoxy resin for an injection mold.

5. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with controllable air gap field for motor or generator according to claim 4 wherein: the upper end cover assembly (12) comprises an upper end cover (1201), an upper end magnetic bearing control coil (1202), an upper end magnetic bearing bias coil (1203), a screw P (1204), an upper end magnetism isolating ring (1205), an O-shaped ring K (1206), an O-shaped ring L (1207), a screw Q (1208), a connector D (1209), a connector E (1210), a screw R (1211), an O-shaped ring M (1212), a screw S (1213), an upper end displacement sensor (1214), an O-shaped ring N (1215), a screw T (1216) and an exhaust pipe interface (1217); the O-shaped ring K (1206) is arranged in an end face annular groove of the upper end magnetism isolating ring (1205), the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring K is respectively connected with the upper end magnetism isolating ring (1205) and the upper end cover (1201), and the upper end magnetism isolating ring (1205) is connected with the upper end cover (1201) through an end face and a cylindrical surface; the screw P (1204) is a group of screws, the upper end magnetism isolating ring (1205) is fixedly connected with the upper end cover (1201), and the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil (1203) is arranged in a large annular groove on the end surface of the upper end cover (1201) and is respectively connected with the upper end cover (1201) and the upper end magnetic bearing control coil (1202); the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil (1203) and the upper end magnetic bearing control coil (1202) are electrically insulated, the upper end magnetic bearing control coil (1202) is also arranged in a large annular groove on the end surface of the upper end cover (1201) and is connected with the upper end cover (1201), and the upper end magnetic bearing control coil (1202), the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil (1203) and the upper end cover (1201) are sealed, sealed and fastened by epoxy resin glue; leading-out wires of the upper end magnetic bearing control coil (1202) and the upper end magnetic bearing bias coil (1203) are respectively connected with different pins of the connector D (1209) in a soldering mode, the connector D (1209) is connected with the upper end cover (1201), the O-shaped ring L (1207) is installed in an annular groove of the upper end cover (1201), and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring L is respectively connected with the upper end cover (1201) and the connector D (1209); the screw Q (1208) is a group of screws and is used for tightly connecting the upper end cover (1201) with the connector D (1209); the upper end displacement sensor (1214) is connected with the upper end cover (1201) through an end face, the screws S (1213) are a group of screws, and the upper end displacement sensor (1214) is fixedly connected with the upper end cover (1201); lead-out wires of the upper end displacement sensor (1214) are respectively connected with different pins of the connector E (1210) in a soldering mode, and the connector E (1210) is connected with the upper end cover (1201) through an end face; the O-ring M (1212) is arranged in a ring groove of the upper end cover (1201), the outer diameter of the O-ring M is respectively connected with the upper end cover (1201) and the connector E (1210), and the screws R (1211) are a group of screws and are used for tightly connecting the upper end cover (1201) and the connector E (1210); the O-ring N (1215) is installed in an annular groove on the upper end face of the upper end cover (1201) and is respectively connected with the upper end cover (1201) and the suction pipe interface (1217) through outer diameters, and the suction pipe interface (1217) is connected with the upper end cover (1201) through a plane; the screw T (1216) is a group of screws and is used for tightly connecting the suction pipe interface (1217) with the upper end cover (1201).

6. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with an air-gap field controllable motor or generator according to claim 5 wherein: the upper end bearing block assembly (13) comprises an upper end bearing block (1301), a corrugated pad B (1302), a bearing C (1303), a corrugated pad C (1304), a screw U (1305), an upper end bearing cover (1306), a rotary transformer stator pressing cover (1307), a rotary transformer stator (1308) and a screw V (1309); the corrugated pad B (1302) is installed in a hole of the upper end bearing seat (1301), is connected with the upper end bearing seat (1301) through a lower end face and is connected with the lower end face of the bearing C (1303) through the upper end face; the bearing C (1303) is installed in a hole of the upper end bearing seat (1301), connected with the upper end bearing seat (1301) through an outer ring and connected with the lower end surface of the corrugated pad C (1304) through the upper end surface, the upper end surface of the corrugated pad C (1304) is connected with the lower end surface of the upper end bearing cover (1306), and the upper end bearing cover (1306) is installed at the upper end of the upper end bearing seat (1301) and connected with the upper end bearing seat (1301) through the end surface and the cylindrical surface; the screw U (1305) is a group of screws and firmly connects the upper end bearing cover (1306) with the upper end bearing seat (1301); the resolver stator (1308) is mounted in an inner bore of the upper end bearing cap (1306) and connected to the upper end bearing cap (1306) by an end face and a cylindrical surface; the rotary transformer stator pressing cover (1307) is connected with the upper end bearing cover (1306) through an inner hole and an end face, the screws V (1309) are a group of screws, and the rotary transformer stator pressing cover (1307), the rotary transformer stator (1308) and the upper end bearing cover (1306) are tightly connected.

7. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with an air-gap field controllable motor or generator as claimed in claim 6 wherein: the upper end sealing cover assembly (18) comprises an O-shaped ring O (1801), an O-shaped ring P (1802), a connector F (1803), a screw W (1804) and an upper end sealing cover (1805); the O-shaped ring O (1801) is arranged in an annular groove on the lower end face of the upper end sealing cover (1805) and is connected with the upper end sealing cover (1805) through the outer diameter; the O-shaped ring P (1802) is arranged in an annular groove on the upper end sealing cover (1805) and is connected with the upper end sealing cover (1805) and the connector F (1803) through outer diameters, and the connector F (1803) is connected with the upper end sealing cover (1805) through an end face; the screw W (1804) is a group of screws, and the connector F (1803) and the upper end sealing cover (1805) are fixedly connected.

8. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with an air-gap field controllable motor or generator as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the nut A (3), the screw B (6), the screw C (10), the screw D (11) and the screw F (19) are further included; the lower end bearing block assembly (2) is connected with the hole and the end face of the lower end cover assembly (5) through an excircle and the end face; the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring B (205) is connected with the end face of the lower end bearing seat (204), the screw A (1) is a group of screws, and the lower end bearing seat (204) is fixedly connected with the lower end cover (501); the motor stator shell assembly (9) is arranged on the lower end cover assembly (5) and is connected with the upper end face and the excircle of the lower end magnetism isolating ring (503) through the lower end face and the hole of the motor stator shell (907); the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring H (904) is connected with the upper end face of the lower end magnetism isolating ring (503); the screws C (10) are a group of screws and are used for tightly connecting the lower end cover assembly (5) with the motor stator shell assembly (9); the lower end surface and the outer circular surface of the motor stator winding assembly (8) are respectively connected with the upper end surface and the inner hole of the lower end cover (501), and the lower end surface of the gasket A (7) is connected with the end surface of the motor stator winding assembly (8); the screw B (6) is a group of screws and is used for fixedly connecting the gasket A (7), the motor stator winding assembly (8) and the lower end cover (501); an outer cylindrical surface of the motor stator winding assembly (8) is respectively connected with an inner hole of the lower end insulating pressing plate (901), an inner hole of the lower end silicon steel sheet lamination (905), an inner hole of the lower end insulating sleeve (906), an inner hole of the annular magnet exciting coil (908), an inner hole of the upper end insulating sleeve (909), an inner hole of the upper end silicon steel sheet lamination (910) and an inner hole of the upper end insulating pressing plate (911) of the motor stator shell assembly (9); the lower end shaft shoulder of the flywheel rotor (4) is connected with the upper end face of the inner ring of the bearing B (209) in the lower end bearing seat assembly (2), and the lower end shaft diameter of the flywheel rotor (4) is respectively connected with the inner ring inner holes of the bearing A (208) and the bearing B (209) in the lower end bearing seat assembly (2); the nut A (3) is connected with the lower end thread of the flywheel rotor (4) and the lower end face of the inner ring of the bearing A (208) respectively; the upper end cover assembly (12) is installed at the upper end of the motor stator shell assembly (9), and the end face of the upper end magnetism isolating ring (1205) of the upper end cover assembly (12) is connected with the upper end face of the motor stator shell (907) of the motor stator shell assembly (9) and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring I (912) respectively; the screw D (11) is a group of screws and is used for tightly connecting the upper end cover assembly (12) with the motor stator shell assembly (9); the upper end bearing seat assembly (13) is connected with an inner hole and an end face of the upper end cover (1201) in the upper end cover assembly (12) through the outer diameter and the end face of the upper end bearing seat (1301); the screw E (14) is a group of screws and is used for tightly connecting the upper end cover (1201) with the upper end bearing seat (1301); an inner ring inner hole and an end face of the bearing C (1303) in the upper end bearing seat (1301) are respectively connected with the shaft outer diameter and the shaft shoulder of the upper shaft end of the flywheel rotor (4); the upper end face of the inner ring of the bearing C (1303) is connected with the lower end face of the pressing sleeve (15), the inner hole of the pressing sleeve (15) is connected with the outer diameter of the upper end shaft of the flywheel rotor (4), the upper end face of the pressing sleeve (15) is connected with the lower end face of the rotary transformer rotor (16), the inner hole of the rotary transformer rotor (16) is connected with the outer diameter of the upper end shaft of the flywheel rotor (4), and the upper end face of the rotary transformer rotor (16) is connected with the lower end face of the nut B (17); the nut B (17) is in threaded connection with the flywheel rotor (4), the upper end sealing cover assembly (18) is installed at the upper end of the upper end cover (1201), and the lower end face of the upper end sealing cover (1805) and the outer diameter of the O-shaped ring O are respectively connected with the end face of the upper end cover (1201); the screw F (19) is a group of screws, and the upper end sealing cover (1805) and the upper end cover (1201) are fixedly connected.

9. An energy storage flywheel apparatus with an air-gap field controllable motor or generator as claimed in claim 8 wherein: the excitation device is an annular excitation coil (908) arranged on the motor stator shell assembly (9), and the air gap magnetic field of the generator is controlled by controlling the current of the annular excitation coil (908); the flywheel rotor (4) is processed into a convex and concave arc shape at the two ends of the outer circle and the wheel rim, the convex and concave parts are arranged in an angular staggered manner, and the winding mode of the motor stator winding (802) in the motor stator winding assembly (8) corresponds to the number of convex and concave poles of the flywheel rotor (4); the number of the bulges and the depressions at the two ends of the excircle and the wheel rim of the flywheel rotor (4) is respectively 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, and the number of the corresponding poles of the motor is respectively 4 poles, 6 poles, 8 poles, 10 poles, 12 poles, 14 poles, 16 poles, 18 poles, 20 poles, 22 poles and 24 poles.