CN110649590B - Energy cooperative control method for networking type direct-current micro-grid - Google Patents
Energy cooperative control method for networking type direct-current micro-grid Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The application provides a networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, which comprises the steps of dividing different voltage level layers according to direct current bus voltage values of a direct current micro-grid, setting the voltage level layers into working modes, wherein at least one local unit in each working mode controls the direct current bus voltage, and keeping the power balance of a system; a control method is designed for each local unit in the direct current micro-grid, and different working modes are switched when the voltage of the direct current bus is changed. The networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method provided by the application can implement and adjust the working mode according to the working voltage value of the direct current micro-grid, maintain the power balance of the system and meet the requirement of 'plug and play' of each unit under the condition of no communication.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of energy coordination of a direct-current micro-grid, in particular to a networking type direct-current micro-grid energy cooperative control method.
Background
In the research on the micro-grid, the direct-current micro-grid is connected with a distributed power supply and energy storage through a direct-current bus to provide energy for corresponding loads of the system, and as most of electric energy generated by new energy generating units such as photovoltaics is direct-current, the direct-current micro-grid is adopted to reduce an alternating-current/direct-current conversion device, reduce cost and unnecessary loss, and the problems of frequency fluctuation, reactive power loss and the like do not exist in the direct-current grid, so that the research on the direct-current micro-grid is getting hot.
Because distributed Energy generally has certain intermittence and volatility, the micro-grid system needs to be connected with a reliable public power grid, meanwhile, along with the development of communication technology and power electronic technology, a traditional power grid is gradually transformed and developed to an intelligent power grid, an intelligent Energy network based on an Energy Router (ER) is formed, and the Energy Router is used as key equipment for connecting the public power grid and the micro-grid, so that the functions of improving the consumption of the distributed Energy and flexibly using electric Energy can be achieved.
The control method of the intelligent micro-grid mainly comprises master-slave control, peer-to-peer control and layered control, wherein the layered control is widely applied to an intelligent micro-grid system. At present, the research on intelligent micro-networks is mainly focused on the topology of an energy router and the system architecture of the micro-networks, and the research on the interaction of the micro-networks and public power grids is less. Therefore, a method for realizing the requirement of plug and play of each unit under the communication-free condition is very necessary for the distributed control of the networking type direct current micro-grid comprising the energy router by considering the SOC condition and the rated power limit value of the energy storage unit.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the application and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description of the application and in the title of the application, which may not be used to limit the scope of the application.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides the following technical scheme: a networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method comprises the steps of,
dividing different voltage level layers according to the voltage value of a direct current bus of the direct current micro-grid, setting the voltage level layers into working modes, wherein at least one local unit in each working mode controls the voltage of the direct current bus, and keeping the power balance of the system;
a control method is designed for each local unit in the direct current micro-grid, and different working modes are switched when the voltage of the direct current bus is changed.
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: the working mode is divided according to the voltage value of the direct current bus, and the voltage value of the direct current bus refers to the upper limit and the lower limit U of the voltage fluctuation range of the direct current bus H2 ～U L2 And upper and lower limits U of the layered voltage value range H1 ～U L1 。
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: the local unit comprises an energy router, and the energy router is connected with the direct-current micro-grid and the public grid.
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: the direct-current micro-grid comprises a power generation unit, an energy storage unit and a load unit.
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is U L1 ～U H1 When the direct current micro-grid is in the internal state, the direct current micro-grid is set to be in a working mode 1; in the working mode 1, the power generation unit adopts MPPT control according to the maximum power generation absorption principle, the energy storage unit is used as a main control unit to maintain the balance of system power and energy, and the energy router is in a standby state.
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is U L1 ～U H1 When the energy storage unit is in the MPPT mode, the energy storage unit possibly enters a power limit state, the voltage of the direct current bus is maintained to be stable by means of the energy router, the distributed power supply works in the MPPT mode, and the direct current micro-grid is in the working mode 2.
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: when the voltage value of the direct current bus is within (U) H1 ，U H2 ) When the power is in the range, the power in the direct-current micro-grid system is excessive, at the moment, energy can be output to the alternating-current power grid through the energy router, the direct-current bus voltage is controlled, and at the moment, the direct-current micro-grid is in a working mode 2-1;
when the voltage value of the direct current bus is within (U) L1 ，U L2 ) And when the energy is within the range, the energy is lacking in the direct-current micro-grid system, the alternating-current power grid can provide energy for the direct-current micro-grid through the energy router, and the direct-current micro-grid is in the working mode 2-2.
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: the voltage range of the direct current bus is that the voltage of the direct current bus is upper limit U H2 And maximum limit U H3 Internal time, energy router workerThe distributed generation unit is switched from MPPT mode to buck constant power mode to maintain the system power balance.
As a preferable scheme of the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, the application comprises the following steps: adopting self-adaptive droop control based on SOC for the energy storage unit; the rectification stage of the energy router is controlled by double rings, and the isolation stage of the energy router is controlled by double closed loops of a voltage ring and a current ring; and adopting power-reducing constant-voltage control for the power generation unit.
The application has the beneficial effects that: the networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method provided by the application can implement and adjust the working mode according to the working voltage value of the direct current micro-grid, maintain the power balance of the system and meet the requirement of 'plug and play' of each unit under the condition of no communication.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a DC micro-grid structure used in the present application;
FIG. 2 is an energy router topology employed by the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a double-quadrant sag of the control of the energy storage unit of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy router rectification stage control employed in the present application;
FIG. 5 is an energy router isolation level control employed in the present application;
FIG. 6 is a photovoltaic power generation unit control employed in the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph of DC micro-grid operation under photovoltaic fluctuation;
FIG. 8 is a graph of DC micro-grid operation under load fluctuation and grid fault conditions;
fig. 9 is a step diagram of a method for energy cooperative control of a networked direct current micro grid according to the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a dc micro-grid structure adopted in the present application, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the dc micro-grid studied in the present application includes a distributed power generation unit represented by a photovoltaic, an energy storage unit capable of compensating for energy shortage of the micro-grid and guaranteeing balance of the micro-grid, a plurality of load units, and an Energy Router (ER) connecting the dc micro-grid and the ac grid, and supporting bidirectional energy flow between the dc micro-grid and an external grid. Each unit is connected to the direct current bus through a bidirectional DC-DC converter.
The application relates to a networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: different voltage level layers are divided according to busbar voltage values of the direct current micro-grid, different voltage level layers are defined to be different working modes, at least one unit in each working mode is guaranteed to control direct current busbar voltage, and system power balance is maintained.
In a dc microgrid, whether the bus voltage is stable is a direct indication of whether the active power within the system is in balance. The working modes divided according to the voltage value of the direct current bus are specifically as follows: setting a rated voltage U of a direct current bus to 380V, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit of a fluctuation range of the direct current bus are U H2 、U L2 Upper and lower limits of the stratification voltageIs U (U) H1 、U L1 The operation mode of the direct current micro-grid is divided into the following operation modes:
working mode 1: fluctuation range |DeltaU| of rated voltage of direct current bus<10V, i.e. voltage at U L1 ～U H1 The distributed power generation unit adopts MPPT control according to the maximum power generation absorption principle of renewable energy sources in China, the energy storage unit is used as a main control unit to maintain the balance of system power and energy, and the energy router is in a standby state.
Working mode 2: when the fluctuation range of the bus voltage is 10V < |DeltaU| <20V, the supply and demand difference between the power generation unit and the load unit in the micro-grid is continuously increased or reduced, the energy storage unit possibly enters a power limit state, and the voltage of the direct-current bus can be maintained stable by means of the energy router. The distributed power supply still operates in MPPT mode.
This mode of operation can be subdivided into two modes: when the bus voltage is (U) H1 ，U H2 ) When the interval is formed, the power in the direct-current micro-grid system is excessive, at the moment, energy can be output to the alternating-current power grid through the energy router, the direct-current bus voltage is controlled, and the working mode 2-1 is defined at the moment; when the bus voltage is (U) L1 ，U L2 ) During the interval, the direct current micro-grid system lacks energy, and the alternating current grid can provide energy for the direct current micro-grid through the energy router at the moment, and the working mode 2-2 is defined at the moment.
If the local load demand cannot be met and the bus voltage is reduced too low, the energy router adopts load switching work to maintain the bus voltage stable, and the direct current micro-grid receives energy through the energy router.
Working mode 3: the bus voltage is higher due to the excessive power generation of the power generation unit, and the bus voltage range is (U) H2 ～U H3 ) When U is H3 For the maximum limit of the voltage fluctuation of the direct current bus, the energy router works in a power limiting state, and the distributed generation unit is switched from an MPPT mode to a step-down constant power mode so as to maintain the power balance of the system.
And secondly, designing a control method aiming at each local unit in the direct-current micro-grid so as to cope with the switching of different working modes of the system when the voltage of the direct-current bus changes.
For energy storage units, adaptive droop control based on SOC is employed herein for conventional
Droop control cannot be improved based on the different capacity split power characteristics of the energy storage unit. The conventional droop control equation is expressed as:
U refi ＝U 0 -k i P refi (2)
in U refi And P refi Output voltage and output active power of the ith energy storage unit respectively, U 0 For nominal bus reference voltage value, k i Is the sag factor.
The improved sag factor is expressed as:
wherein k is i ' is the improved sag factor; SOC (State of Charge) i 、SOC max 、SOC min The SOC values and the SOC upper and lower limit values of the energy storage unit are respectively; p (P) refi <The energy storage unit works in a charging mode when 0, P refi >And the energy storage unit works in a discharging mode at the time of 0. The improved droop control is expressed as:
U refi ＝U 0 -k′ i P refi (4)
taking the charge mode as an example: the output voltages of the energy storage units are equal by default, and the combined formulas (2) to (4) can be obtained:
as can be seen from equation (5) and fig. 4, in the charging mode, the energy storage unit with a larger SOC has smaller charging power, and in the discharging mode, the energy storage unit with a smaller SOC discharges slower, and vice versa. The strategy can effectively realize reasonable distribution of the output power of the energy storage unit and meet the requirement of plug and play.
Considering that the charging and discharging of the energy storage frequently affects the service life of the battery, the energy storage is set to stop charging or discharging when the SOC of the energy storage unit reaches the limit value.
The basic structure of the energy router is shown in fig. 2, and is mainly divided into a rectifying stage, an isolation stage (DAB) and an inversion stage, and the research part is mainly a direct current micro-grid, so that the inversion stage is not included. The energy router can realize power exchange between the power grids, and meanwhile, the isolation level can ensure the electric energy quality and the system stability. When the redundant power exists in the direct-current micro-grid, the energy can be transmitted to the alternating-current grid through the energy router; when a power shortage occurs in the direct-current micro-grid, the energy router can transmit power to the direct-current micro-grid through the alternating-current grid.
Aiming at the rectifying stage of the energy router, a double-closed loop feedback control strategy is adopted to ensure the stability of the output voltage, wherein the double-loop control of the voltage loop and the current loop also ensures the response speed. According to a mathematical model of the rectifying system, the voltage and the current of the rectifying stage are coupled, so that a voltage and current decoupling module is required to be designed, and no-static-difference control is realized. System control is shown in fig. 5, wherein,U 0 i is the reference value and the actual sampling value of the DC side voltage abc I is three-phase input current at alternating current side d 、i q For the d-axis and q-axis current values of the current after dq transformation,/for the current after dq transformation>Is the reference value of d axis and q axis of the current inner loop, u d 、u q D-axis and q-axis voltage values obtained by dq conversion of three-phase input voltage at alternating current side,/>And outputting a voltage value for the inner loop.
For the isolation stage control, since the isolation stage is directly connected to the bus of the dc micro grid, the main objective of the isolation stage is to output a stable dc bus voltage. Thus, a double closed loop control is employed, as shown in fig. 5, wherein,U dc_ref is the reference value of the voltage of the direct current bus, U dc Is the actual value of the DC bus voltage, I dc_ref I is the reference value of the direct current side current obtained by the voltage outer ring dc Is the actual current value.
For the photovoltaic power generation unit, when the direct-current micro-grid works in the working mode 3, residual power exists in the photovoltaic power generation unit, so that stable operation of the direct-current micro-grid is affected, and the photovoltaic power generation unit control is switched to the power-down constant-voltage control similar to ER control. As shown in FIG. 6, wherein V pv For the terminal voltage of the photovoltaic power generation unit, I pv For the photovoltaic power generation unit to output current, I pv_ref V is the reference current obtained by PI control pv_ref Is the voltage reference. In order to prove the effectiveness of the coordination control strategy method, the embodiment builds a direct current micro-grid model shown in fig. 1, wherein the direct current micro-grid model comprises 1 group of distributed photovoltaic power generation units and has rated power of 15kW; the rated power of the energy storage unit 1 and the rated power of the energy storage unit 2 are respectively 3kW and 6kW, and the limit range of the charge and discharge safety is 20% -90%; all distributed units are connected to an ac large grid through energy routers rated for 6kW. The rated busbar voltage of the direct current micro-grid is set to be 380V, and voltage intervals divided in the voltage intervals are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Voltage level layer interval partitioning
Fig. 7 shows the running state of the model of the application in the case of photovoltaic fluctuation of the direct current micro-grid. In an initial state, the power of the distributed photovoltaic units is 8kW, an initial direct current load in the system is 4.5kW, the energy storage units work in a discharging state, the power of the energy storage units 1 and 2 is 1.5kW and 2kW respectively, the SOC values are 70% and 60% respectively, the energy router is in a standby state, the system operates in a working mode 1 at the moment, and the direct current bus voltage corresponds to 384.4V.
When t=1s, the generated power of the photovoltaic unit is increased to 12kW, the total power of the direct-current micro-grid system is increased, and the voltage of the direct-current bus correspondingly rises. The energy storage unit loses control effect on the voltage of the direct current bus and becomes power limiting control, and at the moment, the system works in the voltage level layer of the mode 2-1, and the voltage of the direct current bus rises to about 396.9V. And transmitting the residual power in the system to an alternating current power grid through an energy router, controlling the voltage of a direct current bus to be stable, and enabling the photovoltaic system to work in an MPPT mode.
When t=2s, the generated power of the photovoltaic unit is continuously increased to 14.7kW, the voltage of the direct-current bus is continuously increased to 407V, and the energy router continuously outputs power to the alternating-current power grid, and at the moment, the energy router operates in a maximum power state. At this time, in order to maintain the power balance in the system, the photovoltaic unit is switched from the MPPT mode to the constant power mode, and the dc bus voltage is controlled, and at this time, the system operates in the operation mode 3.
Meanwhile, when improved self-adaptive droop control is adopted, the energy storage unit with larger SOC bears more output power, and the energy storage unit with smaller SOC outputs less power.
Fig. 8 shows the running state of the dc micro-grid under the load fluctuation condition and the grid fault condition of the model of the present application. In an initial state, the photovoltaic unit does not work, an initial load in the direct-current micro-grid is 12kW, the energy storage unit supplies energy by taking maximum power output as a load, and the SOC of the energy storage unit 1 and the SOC of the energy storage unit 2 are 80% and 70%. Meanwhile, the energy router also transmits power to the micro-grid and controls the voltage of the direct-current bus, and the system operates in the working mode 2-2 at the moment, and the voltage of the direct-current bus is about 366.7V.
When t=1s, the photovoltaic unit starts to output power, the output power is 13.4kW, the voltage of the direct current bus rises to about 387V, and the system works in the mode 1. The energy router does not need to draw power from the ac power grid for delivery and is therefore in a standby state, where the energy storage unit is subjected to bus voltage control.
When t=2s, the load power in the direct current micro grid system is reduced by 4kW, the energy router transmits the redundant power in the system to the alternating current grid, and the direct current bus voltage is controlled to be stable, and the system works in the working mode 2-1.
And when t=3s, setting the AC power grid to fail, and disconnecting the energy router from the AC power grid, wherein the DC micro power grid can operate in an island mode. When t=3.6 s, the alternating current power grid is recovered to normal operation, and the direct current micro power grid can still be recovered to the operation mode before failure. Meanwhile, the improved self-adaptive droop control can also realize reasonable power output of the energy storage unit and cope with fault conditions in the system.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present application may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (2)
1. A networking type direct current micro-grid energy cooperative control method is characterized in that: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,
dividing different voltage level layers according to the voltage value of a direct current bus of the direct current micro-grid, setting the voltage level layers into working modes, wherein at least one local unit in each working mode controls the voltage of the direct current bus, and keeping the power balance of the system;
designing a control method aiming at each local unit in the direct current micro-grid, and switching different working modes aiming at the change of the direct current bus voltage;
the working mode is divided according to the voltage value of the direct current bus, and the voltage value of the direct current bus refers to the upper limit and the lower limit U of the voltage fluctuation range of the direct current bus H2 ～U L2 And upper and lower limits U of the layered voltage value range H1 ～U L1 ；
The local unit comprises an energy router, and the energy router is connected with the direct-current micro-grid and the public grid; the voltage range of the direct current bus is that the voltage of the direct current bus is upper limit U H2 And maximum limit U H3 When the energy router works in a power limiting state, the distributed power generation unit is switched from an MPPT mode to a step-down constant power modeTo maintain system power balance;
for the energy storage unit, adopting self-adaptive droop control based on SOC; the rectification stage of the energy router is controlled by double rings, and the isolation stage of the energy router is controlled by double closed loops of a voltage ring and a current ring; adopting power reduction constant voltage control for the power generation unit;
when the voltage value of the direct current bus is U L1 ～U H1 When the direct current micro-grid is in the internal state, the direct current micro-grid is set to be in a working mode 1; in the working mode 1, the power generation unit adopts MPPT control according to the maximum power generation absorption principle, an energy storage unit is used as a main control unit to maintain the balance of system power and energy, and an energy router is in a standby state;
when the voltage value of the direct current bus is U H1 ～U H2 When the power is in the range, the power in the direct-current micro-grid system is excessive, at the moment, energy can be output to the alternating-current power grid through the energy router, the direct-current bus voltage is controlled, and at the moment, the direct-current micro-grid is in a working mode 2-1;
when the voltage value of the direct current bus is U L1 ～U L2 When the energy is within the range, the energy is lacking in the direct-current micro-grid system, the alternating-current power grid can provide energy for the direct-current micro-grid through the energy router, and the direct-current micro-grid is in a working mode 2-2;
if the local load demand cannot be met and the bus voltage is reduced too low, the energy router adopts load switching work to maintain the bus voltage stable, and the direct current micro-grid receives energy through the energy router;
the bus voltage is higher due to the excessive power generation of the power generation unit, and the bus voltage range is U H2 ～U H3 When U is H3 For the maximum limit of the voltage fluctuation of the direct current bus, the energy router works in a power limiting state, and the distributed power generation unit is switched from an MPPT mode to a step-down constant power mode so as to maintain the power balance of the system to be a working mode 3;
when the redundant power exists in the direct-current micro-grid, the energy can be transmitted to the alternating-current grid through the energy router; when power shortage occurs in the direct-current micro-grid, the energy router can transmit power to the direct-current micro-grid through the alternating-current grid;
aiming at the rectifying stage of the energy router, a double-closed loop feedback control strategy is adopted to ensure the stability of the output voltage, wherein the double-loop control of the voltage loop and the current loop also ensures the response speed; the mathematical model of the rectification system shows that the voltage and the current of the rectification stage are coupled, so that a voltage and current decoupling module is required to be designed, and the static-difference-free control is realized;
for the control of the isolation stage, the isolation stage is directly connected with the bus of the direct current micro-grid, so that the main aim of the isolation stage is to output stable direct current bus voltage, and double closed loop control is adopted;
for the photovoltaic power generation unit, when the direct-current micro-grid works in the working mode 3, residual power exists in the photovoltaic power generation unit, so that stable operation of the direct-current micro-grid is affected, and the photovoltaic power generation unit control is switched to the power-down constant-voltage control similar to ER control.
2. The networking type direct current micro grid energy cooperative control method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the direct-current micro-grid comprises a power generation unit, an energy storage unit and a load unit.
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