CN110645578A - Plasma melting furnace and electrode structure thereof - Google Patents
Plasma melting furnace and electrode structure thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110645578A CN110645578A CN201910792046.4A CN201910792046A CN110645578A CN 110645578 A CN110645578 A CN 110645578A CN 201910792046 A CN201910792046 A CN 201910792046A CN 110645578 A CN110645578 A CN 110645578A
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- electrode
- electrode rod
- plasma
- melting furnace
- electrode structure
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/02—Details
- H05B7/06—Electrodes
- H05B7/07—Electrodes designed to melt in use
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a plasma melting furnace and an electrode structure thereof, wherein the electrode structure comprises an electrode bar, a gas-liquid separator and a gas-liquid separator, wherein the electrode bar is positioned in the plasma melting furnace; the electrode bar penetrates through the rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is used as a rotating fulcrum; the top of the electrode rod is connected with the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism moves in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction to drive the electrode rod to move. According to the electrode structure of the plasma melting furnace provided by the invention, the rotating mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the electrode rod and is used as a rotating fulcrum, and the transmission mechanism is connected to the top of the electrode rod to drive the electrode rod to move, so that the lower end of the electrode rod moves in the molten pool, the heating range of the molten pool is expanded, the condensation of the outer edge of the molten pool is avoided, and the efficiency of the plasma melting furnace is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste incineration treatment, in particular to a plasma melting furnace and an electrode structure thereof.
Background
In the process of burning the dangerous waste, a large amount of fly ash is generated, and the fly ash contains pollutants such as heavy metal, dioxin and the like with high leaching concentration. At present, the reactor which can rapidly change the fly ash into a molten state through the high temperature (the central area can reach 7000 ℃) generated by the plasma arc is a technology for harmless treatment and resource utilization of the household garbage incineration fly ash.
The operation mode of the electric arc comprises open arc and submerged arc when the plasma melting furnace operates in a submerged arc mode, wherein the lower end of the graphite electrode is positioned below the liquid level of the molten pool when the plasma electric arc operates in the submerged arc mode, the electric arc is wholly positioned in the molten fly ash, in the operation process, the heat of the electric arc is transferred to the molten pool in conduction, convection and other modes and is not exposed to a free gasification area, the loss of the heat of the electric arc to the free gasification area is reduced, meanwhile, the radiation to refractory materials and the internal structure of the plasma melting furnace is avoided, and the efficiency of transferring the plasma energy to the molten materials is improved. However, the submerged arc has less radiation heat, so that the radiation heat of the heat for the extension of the molten pool is greatly reduced, the heat can be conducted only through the convection and the conduction of the molten pool for the conduction of the molten pool far away from the center of a circle, and the degree of the convection of the molten pool is lower due to the higher viscosity of the molten pool molten liquid.
In the prior art, an electrode structure can only move up and down through a conductive arm, and a heating point can only exist in the right center of the circumference of a molten pool, so that a cold zone is formed at the periphery of the molten pool due to heat conduction reduction, molten slurry condensation and molten pool volume reduction are caused, and the melting efficiency of a plasma melting furnace is directly influenced. And, because feed inlet and slag notch set up in the molten bath outer fringe, the molten slurry condensation on outer fringe will lead to the feeding and investigation not smooth, even unable operation.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new electrode structure of a plasma melting furnace to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In this summary, concepts in a simplified form are introduced that are further described in the detailed description. This summary of the invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
The invention provides an electrode structure of a plasma melting furnace, comprising:
the electrode rod is positioned in the plasma melting furnace;
the electrode bar penetrates through the rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is used as a rotating fulcrum;
the top of the electrode rod is connected with the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism moves in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction to drive the electrode rod to move.
Further, the electrode rod is a cathode electrode of the plasma melting furnace, and the electrode rod is made of graphite.
Further, the lower end of the electrode rod is positioned below the liquid level of a molten pool of the plasma melting furnace.
Further, the lower end of the electrode rod translates or does circular motion in the molten bath.
Further, the electrode rod moves in an angle ranging from 0 ° to 30 °.
Further, the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating ball body, the rotating ball body is embedded into a furnace cover of the plasma melting furnace, and the rotating ball body can rotate relative to the furnace cover.
Further, the rotating mechanism is made of high temperature resistant and/or wear resistant materials.
Further, the transmission mechanism includes a transmission disc.
The invention also provides a plasma melting furnace, which comprises the electrode structure of the plasma melting furnace.
Further, the plasma melting furnace comprises a direct current arc plasma melting furnace, and the plasma melting furnace operates in a submerged arc mode.
According to the electrode structure of the plasma melting furnace provided by the invention, the rotating mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the electrode rod and is used as a rotating fulcrum, and the transmission mechanism is connected to the top of the electrode rod to drive the electrode rod to move, so that the lower end of the electrode rod moves in the molten pool, the heating range of the molten pool is expanded, the condensation of the outer edge of the molten pool is avoided, and the efficiency of the plasma melting furnace is improved.
Drawings
The following drawings of the invention are included to provide a further understanding of the invention. There are shown in the drawings, embodiments and descriptions thereof, which are used to explain the principles and apparatus of the invention. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the electrode structure of the plasma melting furnace of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. Electrode bar 2, rotating mechanism
3. Transmission mechanism 4 and molten pool
5. Metal layer 6, anode electrode
7. Feed pipe
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
In order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, detailed steps will be set forth in the following description in order to explain the plasma melting furnace and its electrode structure proposed by the present invention. It is apparent that the invention may be practiced without limitation to the specific details known to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The plasma melting furnace is a reaction device which utilizes the high temperature generated by the plasma arc to quickly change dangerous waste such as fly ash into a molten state so as to realize the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the household garbage incineration fly ash.
As shown in fig. 1, the plasma melting furnace comprises a furnace wall made of refractory material, a feed pipe 7 provided on the side wall, and a chamber in the furnace wall, which chamber contains a molten pool 4 formed by melting fly ash and a metal layer 5 located below the molten pool 4.
Plasma furnaces can be classified into direct current arc plasma furnaces and alternating current arc plasma furnaces according to the form of plasma generation. As one example, the plasma melter of the present invention comprises a direct current arc plasma melter. The plasma generation mechanism of the direct current arc ion melting furnace is as follows: arc discharge between the cathode and the anode, cathode in the upper part of the furnace body, anode in the furnace bottom structure of the melting furnace, and plasma heating to melt the molten material in the furnace bottom area. Electric current flows from the anode to the cathode of the furnace and passes through the heated fly ash, which is an electric conductor in the molten state and is melted and vitrified by the arc plasma.
As shown in fig. 1, the plasma melting furnace includes an anode electrode 6 and a cathode electrode. Wherein the anode electrode 6 is located in the furnace bottom structure, and the anode electrode 6 is made of a material including, but not limited to, metal. The cathode electrode is positioned at the upper part of the furnace body, further, the cathode electrode is positioned above the anode electrode 6, and the constituent material of the cathode electrode includes but is not limited to graphite.
The operation mode of the electric arc when the plasma melting furnace operates comprises open arc and submerged arc, wherein the open arc is the operation mode that when the plasma melting furnace operates, the electric arc part exists in the free gasification area; the submerged arc is an operation mode that when the plasma melting furnace operates, the electric arc is completely existed in a slag layer and is not exposed to a free gasification area. As an example, the plasma furnace of the present invention operates in a submerged arc mode. The plasma arc operates using a submerged arc mode: the lower end of the cathode electrode is positioned below the liquid level of the molten pool 4, the electric arc is integrally positioned in the molten fly ash, and in the operation process, the heat of the electric arc is transferred to the molten pool 4 in the modes of conduction, convection and the like and is not exposed in a free gasification area any more, so that the loss of the heat of the electric arc to the free gasification area is reduced, meanwhile, the radiation to the refractory material and the internal structure of the plasma melting furnace is avoided, and the efficiency of transferring the plasma energy to the molten material is improved. However, the submerged arc has less radiation heat, so that the radiation heat of the heat for the extension of the molten pool is greatly reduced, the heat can be conducted only through the convection and the conduction of the molten pool for the conduction of the molten pool far away from the center of a circle, and the degree of the convection of the molten pool is lower due to the higher viscosity of the molten pool molten liquid.
In the prior art, an electrode structure can only move up and down through a conductive arm, and a heating point can only exist in the right center of the circumference of a molten pool, so that a cold zone is formed at the periphery of the molten pool due to heat conduction reduction, molten slurry condensation and molten pool volume reduction are caused, and the melting efficiency of a plasma melting furnace is directly influenced. And, because feed inlet and slag notch set up in the molten bath outer fringe, the molten slurry condensation on outer fringe will lead to the feeding and investigation not smooth, even unable operation.
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an electrode structure of a plasma melting furnace, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
the electrode rod 1, the said electrode rod 1 locates in plasma melting furnace;
the electrode bar 1 penetrates through the rotating mechanism 2, and the rotating mechanism 2 is used as a rotating fulcrum;
the top of the electrode rod 1 is connected with the transmission mechanism 3, and the transmission mechanism 3 moves in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction to drive the electrode rod 1 to move.
Illustratively, the electrode rod 1 is used as a cathode electrode of a plasma melting furnace, and the lower end of the electrode rod is positioned below the liquid level of a molten pool 4 of the plasma melting furnace, and further, the constituent material of the electrode rod 1 includes, but is not limited to, graphite.
Illustratively, the rotating mechanism 2 includes any mechanism capable of acting as a rotating fulcrum to move the lower end of the electrode rod 1, including but not limited to a sphere, a hemisphere, a sector, a cylinder, etc.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism 2 comprises a rotating sphere, which is embedded in a furnace cover of the plasma melting furnace and can rotate relative to the furnace cover.
Further, the rotating mechanism is made of high temperature resistant and/or wear resistant materials.
In one embodiment, the rotating mechanism is made of a metal material.
In another embodiment, the material of the rotating mechanism includes refractory material such as graphite, corundum, etc.
Illustratively, the rotating mechanism 2 is fixedly connected or detachably connected with the electrode rod 1.
In one embodiment, the turning mechanism 2 is integrated with the electrode rod 1.
In another embodiment, a through hole is provided in the turning mechanism 2 to combine the electrode rod 1 with the turning mechanism 2, for example by inserting the electrode rod 1 into the through hole to combine the electrode rod 1 with the turning mechanism 2.
Illustratively, the transmission mechanism 3 comprises a transmission disc, and the transmission disc moves in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction to drive the lower end of the electrode rod to move in the molten pool. Illustratively, the angle θ by which the electrode rod 1 moves ranges from 0 ° to 30 °.
In one embodiment, the driving disc can move left and right in the horizontal direction, so as to drive the electrode rod 1 to make translational motion in the circumferential direction in a plane by taking the rotating mechanism 2 as a fulcrum, for example, the electrode rod 1 makes motion similar to a pendulum, and it should be noted that during the swinging process, the lower end of the electrode rod 1 is always positioned below the liquid level of the molten pool 4.
In another embodiment, the driving disc may be moved randomly in the horizontal direction to drive the electrode rod 1 to perform a translational motion in the inner circumferential directions of the plurality of planes with the rotating mechanism 2 as a fulcrum, for example, when the length of the electrode rod 1 is L, the electrode rod moves randomly in a circular area with the center of the molten bath as a center and the radius of L × sin θ as a radius, and it should be noted that during the moving process, the lower end of the electrode rod 1 is always located below the liquid level of the molten bath 4.
In another embodiment, the driving disc can make a circular motion in the horizontal direction, so as to drive the electrode rod 1 to make a circular motion on the surface of the molten pool 4 by taking the rotating mechanism 2 as a fulcrum, wherein during the motion, the lower end of the electrode rod 1 is always positioned below the liquid level of the molten pool 4.
Through making the lower extreme of electrode bar 1 translation or doing the circular motion in molten bath 4, compare with electrode structure can only the up-and-down motion among the prior art, enlarged the heating region of molten bath 4, promptly, make the heating region extend to the periphery of molten bath 4 by the molten bath centre of the pool, avoid forming the cold space in the periphery of molten bath 4, and then avoided the molten metal thick liquid condensation and molten bath volume to descend, improved the mobility of molten metal thick liquid, make the feeding and arrange the sediment more smooth and easy, improved the melting efficiency of plasma melting furnace.
The invention also provides a plasma melting furnace, which comprises the electrode structure, as shown in fig. 1, the electrode structure comprises:
the electrode rod 1, the said electrode rod 1 locates in plasma melting furnace;
the rotating mechanism 2 is arranged at the upper end of the electrode rod 1, and the rotating mechanism 2 is used as a rotating fulcrum;
and the top of the electrode rod 1 is connected with the transmission mechanism 3 so as to drive the electrode rod 1 to move.
Illustratively, the plasma melter comprises a direct current arc plasma melter that operates in a submerged arc mode.
According to the electrode structure of the plasma melting furnace provided by the invention, the rotating mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the electrode rod and is used as a rotating fulcrum, and the transmission mechanism is connected to the top of the electrode rod to drive the electrode rod to move, so that the lower end of the electrode rod moves in the molten pool, the heating range of the molten pool is expanded, the condensation of the outer edge of the molten pool is avoided, and the efficiency of the plasma melting furnace is improved.
The present invention has been illustrated by the above embodiments, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that many variations and modifications may be made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, which variations and modifications are within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. An electrode structure for a plasma furnace, comprising:
the electrode rod is positioned in the plasma melting furnace;
the electrode bar penetrates through the rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is used as a rotating fulcrum;
the top of the electrode rod is connected with the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism moves in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction to drive the electrode rod to move.
2. The electrode structure of claim 1, wherein the electrode rod is a cathode electrode of the plasma melting furnace, and the electrode rod is composed of a material including graphite.
3. The electrode structure of claim 1 wherein the lower end of the electrode rod is located below the bath level of the plasma furnace.
4. An electrode structure according to claim 3 wherein the lower end of the electrode rod translates or orbits within the bath.
5. The electrode structure of claim 4, wherein the electrode rod is moved through an angle in the range of 0 ° to 30 °.
6. The electrode structure of claim 1, wherein the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating sphere embedded in a lid of the plasma melting furnace, and the rotating sphere is capable of rotating relative to the lid.
7. The electrode structure of claim 1, wherein the rotating mechanism is made of a material that is resistant to high temperatures and/or abrasion.
8. The electrode structure of claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism comprises a drive disk.
9. A plasma furnace comprising the electrode structure of the plasma furnace of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. The plasma furnace of claim 9 wherein the plasma furnace comprises a dc arc plasma furnace, the plasma furnace operating in a submerged arc mode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910792046.4A CN110645578A (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Plasma melting furnace and electrode structure thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910792046.4A CN110645578A (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Plasma melting furnace and electrode structure thereof |
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| CN110645578A true CN110645578A (en) | 2020-01-03 |
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| CN201910792046.4A Pending CN110645578A (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Plasma melting furnace and electrode structure thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113587118A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-02 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Arc control system and method for plasma ash melting furnace |
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| CN1154411A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-07-16 | 亚瑞亚·勃朗勃威力有限公司 | Melting equipment |
| CN1171446A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-01-28 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | Method for controlling arc of DC arc furnace by tilting top electrode |
| CN2276236Y (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-03-11 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | Device for controlling offset arc through tilting top electrode for dc arc furnace |
| JP2003083530A (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Plasma ash melting furnace |
| CN206330581U (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-07-14 | 周继才 | The new special testing apparatus for verticality of special high-building construction |
| CN108636310A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-12 | 厦门大学 | Plasma electrolysis liquefying plant |
| CN208200898U (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-12-07 | 江西皇五爷酒业有限公司 | A kind of liquid medicine leaching device |
-
2019
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Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1154411A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-07-16 | 亚瑞亚·勃朗勃威力有限公司 | Melting equipment |
| CN1171446A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-01-28 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | Method for controlling arc of DC arc furnace by tilting top electrode |
| CN2276236Y (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-03-11 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | Device for controlling offset arc through tilting top electrode for dc arc furnace |
| JP2003083530A (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Plasma ash melting furnace |
| CN206330581U (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-07-14 | 周继才 | The new special testing apparatus for verticality of special high-building construction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113587118A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-02 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Arc control system and method for plasma ash melting furnace |
| CN113587118B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-08-25 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Arc control system and method for plasma ash melting furnace |
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Application publication date: 20200103 |