CN110644591A - Novel municipal road pipe network and construction process - Google Patents
Novel municipal road pipe network and construction process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110644591A CN110644591A CN201911013557.8A CN201911013557A CN110644591A CN 110644591 A CN110644591 A CN 110644591A CN 201911013557 A CN201911013557 A CN 201911013557A CN 110644591 A CN110644591 A CN 110644591A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical class O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/06—Methods of, or installations for, laying sewer pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/024—Laying or reclaiming pipes on land, e.g. above the ground
- F16L1/028—Laying or reclaiming pipes on land, e.g. above the ground in the ground
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
- H02G1/06—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle
- H02G1/08—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle through tubing or conduit, e.g. rod or draw wire for pushing or pulling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G9/00—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
- H02G9/06—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water in underground tubes or conduits; Tubes or conduits therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel municipal road pipe network and a construction process, which comprises a pipeline groove and a pipeline laid in the pipeline groove; and geopolymer foamed concrete is filled and poured in the pipeline groove. The geopolymer foamed concrete is used as a filler, so that the pipeline can be protected from deformation and cracking, and a certain heat insulation effect can be achieved on the pipeline. Meanwhile, accumulated water around the pipeline can be rapidly discharged by utilizing the water permeability of geopolymer foamed concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel municipal road pipe network and a construction process.
Background
Municipal pipe networks are important infrastructure and life lines of cities. Municipal pipe networks typically include electric, telecommunications, network, communications, heating, gas, storm water and sewage drainage, among others. In order to ensure the normal operation of the municipal pipe network, not only the standardized construction is carried out on the construction of the pipe network, but also the daily maintenance work of the pipe network is required to be done.
For a pipe network buried in a municipal road, during construction, a pipe chase is generally excavated, then a pipeline is installed in the pipe chase, and then the pipeline is buried in the pipe chase by backfilling. During the backfilling process, the backfilled soil is provided with stones or other sharp objects, so that the pipelines are damaged, and the pipelines are cracked and damaged. The traditional pipeline buried has a poor heat insulation effect, so that the pipeline is not buried in a thermal pipe network.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a novel municipal road pipe network which can effectively fix and support pipelines and has good heat preservation characteristics.
The technical scheme for realizing the first purpose of the invention is as follows: the novel municipal road pipe network is provided with a pipe chase and a pipeline laid in the pipe chase; and geopolymer foamed concrete is filled and poured in the pipeline groove.
A plurality of supporting blocks for supporting the pipeline are arranged in the pipeline groove along the extending direction.
As an optimized design, the pipeline groove is arranged adjacent to the green belt; the geopolymer foam concrete in the pipeline groove is in direct contact with the green belt.
The supporting block is a geopolymer foamed concrete prefabricated part.
The green belt sequentially comprises a foundation, a cushion layer, a geopolymer foam concrete layer and a filling layer from bottom to top.
The cushion layer is a gravel laying layer. The particle size of the broken stone laying layer is 5-10 cm.
The geopolymer foamed concrete pouring layer of the green belt is lower than the bottom surface of the pipeline groove.
The geopolymer foam concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
steel slag powder: 25-45% of modified red mud: 0 to 12.5 percent; modified metakaolin: 25-45%; fly ash: 0 to 25 percent; setting accelerator: 0.5-5%; exciting agent: 1-6%; foaming agent: 0.6-1.5%; the steel slag powder is steel slag powder with the content of less than 1 percent, the activity index of more than 5 percent and the fineness of less than 250 meshes, which is obtained by grinding the transcription steel slag after iron selection; the modified red mud is obtained by adding 5-10 mm straw fiber powder accounting for 25% of the mass of the red mud after filter pressing treatment of sintering process red mud or Bayer process red mud and uniformly stirring; the modified metakaolin is prepared by calcining natural kaolin at 600-900 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then crushing the calcined metakaolin into powder with more than 300 meshes; the coagulant is blast furnace granulated slag, and powder with the fineness of 800-4500 kg/m2 is obtained after grinding; the excitant is red mud attached liquid, and the main chemistry of the excitant is Cl-: 105-560 mg/L, SO 42-: 85-128 mg/L, CO 32-: 105-560 mg/L, OH-: 896-1534 mg/L, Al3 +: 267-438 mg/L, F-: 7.8-20.2 mg/L, total soluble solids: 7791-16615 mg/L; the foaming agent is an animal protein foaming agent, a rosin foaming agent or a plant protein foaming agent; the fly ash is grade II fly ash or grade I fly ash.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a construction process of the novel municipal pipeline network.
The technical scheme for realizing the second purpose of the invention is as follows: the construction process for laying the novel municipal pipeline network comprises the following steps;
s1, digging a pipeline groove and a backfill groove of a green belt;
s2, laying pipelines in the pipeline grooves;
s3, pouring geopolymer foam concrete into the pipeline groove; meanwhile, paving a cushion layer on the foundation of the green belt, and then pouring a geopolymer foam concrete layer on the cushion layer;
and S4, filling soil in the backfill groove to form a fill layer.
The invention has the positive effects that: (1) the geopolymer foamed concrete can effectively support and wrap the pipeline, and is not easy to damage the pipeline; meanwhile, the protective effect on pipelines is good.
(2) The geopolymer foamed concrete can effectively remove the seepage water, and avoids the problems of aging and corrosion of pipelines in a humid environment for a long time.
(3) The invention effectively combines the pipeline groove with the green belt, guides the seepage water to the green belt through the geopolymer foamed concrete and provides a water source for the green belt.
(4) In the geopolymer foam concrete, a microstructure channel is formed inside the geopolymer foam concrete by the bubbles, and the microstructure channel can play double effects of water permeation and water storage; the microstructure channel is not easy to be blocked by fine particles, so that the long-term stable water permeation effect of the microstructure channel can be ensured; the microstructure channel also has certain water storage performance, and the water can volatilize to the filling layer of the green belt through evaporation, so that the water is provided for green plants
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
(example 1)
Referring to fig. 1, the novel municipal pipeline network of the invention comprises a pipeline groove 1 and a pipeline 2 laid in the pipeline groove 1; a plurality of supporting blocks 3 for supporting the pipeline 2 are arranged in the pipeline chase 1 along the extension direction; and geopolymer foamed concrete 4 is filled and poured in the pipeline groove 1.
The supporting block 3 is a geopolymer foamed concrete prefabricated part.
The construction process for laying the novel municipal pipeline network comprises the following steps;
s1, digging a pipeline groove 1;
s2, laying a pipeline 2 in the pipeline groove 1;
and S3, pouring the geopolymer foam concrete 4 into the pipeline chase 1.
The geopolymer foam concrete 4 comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
steel slag powder: 45% and modified red mud: 5 percent; modified metakaolin: 25 percent; class I fly ash: 16.18 percent; setting accelerator: 4 percent; red mud absorption liquid: 3.62 percent; foaming agent: 1.2 percent; the steel slag powder is steel slag powder with the content of less than 1 percent, the activity index of more than 5 percent and the fineness of less than 250 meshes, which is obtained by grinding the transcription steel slag after iron selection; the modified red mud is obtained by adding 5-10 mm straw fiber powder accounting for 25% of the mass of the red mud after filter pressing treatment of sintering process red mud or Bayer process red mud and uniformly stirring; the modified metakaolin is prepared by calcining natural kaolin at 600-900 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then crushing the calcined metakaolin into powder with more than 300 meshes; the coagulant is blast furnace granulated slag, and powder with the fineness of 800-4500 kg/m2 is obtained after grinding; the excitant is red mud attached liquid, and the main chemistry of the excitant is Cl-: 105-560 mg/L, SO 42-: 85-128 mg/L, CO 32-: 105-560 mg/L, OH-: 896-1534 mg/L, Al3 +: 267-438 mg/L, F-: 7.8-20.2 mg/L, total soluble solids: 7791-16615 mg/L; the foaming agent is an animal protein foaming agent, a rosin foaming agent or a plant protein foaming agent.
(embodiment 2)
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the novel municipal pipeline network comprises a pipeline groove 1, the pipeline groove 1 is arranged adjacent to a green belt 5, a plurality of supporting blocks 3 for supporting pipelines 2 are arranged in the pipeline groove 1 along the extending direction of the pipeline groove, and the pipelines 2 are arranged in the pipeline groove 1; and geopolymer foamed concrete 4 is filled and poured in the pipeline groove 1.
The supporting block 3 is a geopolymer foamed concrete prefabricated part.
The green belt 5 sequentially comprises a foundation 6, a cushion layer 7, a geopolymer foam concrete layer 8 and a soil filling layer 9 from bottom to top.
The cushion layer 7 is a gravel laying layer.
The geopolymer foamed concrete layer 8 of the green belt 5 is lower than the bottom surface of the pipeline groove 1. The geopolymer foam concrete 4 in the pipeline groove 1 is in direct contact with the filling layer 9 of the green belt 5.
The construction process for laying the novel municipal pipeline network comprises the following steps;
s1, digging a pipeline groove 1 and a backfill groove of a green belt 5;
s2, laying a pipeline 2 in the pipeline groove 1;
s3, pouring the geopolymer foam concrete 4 into the pipe chase 1; meanwhile, a cushion layer 7 is laid on the foundation 6 of the green belt 5, and then a geopolymer foam concrete layer 8 is poured on the cushion layer 7;
and S4, filling soil in the backfill grooves to form a fill layer 9.
The geopolymer foam concrete 4 comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
steel slag powder: 37.02%, modified red mud: 7.5 percent; modified metakaolin: 30.5 percent; class I fly ash: 15.7 percent; setting accelerator: 4.5 percent; red mud absorption liquid: 3.62 percent; foaming agent: 1.16 percent; the steel slag powder is steel slag powder with the content of less than 1 percent, the activity index of more than 5 percent and the fineness of less than 250 meshes, which is obtained by grinding the transcription steel slag after iron selection; the modified red mud is obtained by adding 5-10 mm straw fiber powder accounting for 25% of the mass of the red mud after filter pressing treatment of sintering process red mud or Bayer process red mud and uniformly stirring; the modified metakaolin is prepared by calcining natural kaolin at 600-900 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then crushing the calcined metakaolin into powder with more than 300 meshes; the coagulant is blast furnace granulated slag, and powder with the fineness of 800-4500 kg/m2 is obtained after grinding; the excitant is red mud attached liquid, and the main chemistry of the excitant is Cl-: 105-560 mg/L, SO 42-: 85-128 mg/L, CO 32-: 105-560 mg/L, OH-: 896-1534 mg/L, Al3 +: 267-438 mg/L, F-: 7.8-20.2 mg/L, total soluble solids: 7791-16615 mg/L; the foaming agent is an animal protein foaming agent, a rosin foaming agent or a plant protein foaming agent.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The novel municipal road pipe network is provided with a pipe chase and a pipeline laid in the pipe chase; the method is characterized in that: and geopolymer foamed concrete is filled and poured in the pipeline groove.
2. The novel municipal road pipe network of claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of supporting blocks for supporting pipelines are arranged in the pipeline groove along the extending direction of the pipeline groove.
3. A novel municipal pipeline network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the pipeline groove is arranged adjacent to the green belt; the geopolymer foam concrete in the pipeline groove is in direct contact with the green belt.
4. The novel municipal pipeline network of claim 2, wherein: the supporting block is a geopolymer foamed concrete prefabricated part.
5. The novel municipal pipeline network of claim 3, wherein: the green belt sequentially comprises a foundation, a cushion layer, a geopolymer foam concrete layer and a filling layer from bottom to top.
6. The novel municipal pipeline network of claim 5, wherein: the cushion layer is a gravel laying layer.
7. The novel municipal pipeline network of claim 5, wherein: the geopolymer foamed concrete pouring layer of the green belt is lower than the bottom surface of the pipeline groove.
8. A construction process for laying the novel municipal pipeline network of claim 7, comprising the steps of;
s1, digging a pipeline groove and a backfill groove of a green belt;
s2, laying pipelines in the pipeline grooves;
s3, pouring geopolymer foam concrete into the pipeline groove; meanwhile, paving a cushion layer on the foundation of the green belt, and then pouring a geopolymer foam concrete layer on the cushion layer;
and S4, filling soil in the backfill groove to form a fill layer.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201911013557.8A CN110644591A (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2019-10-23 | Novel municipal road pipe network and construction process |
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CN201911013557.8A CN110644591A (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2019-10-23 | Novel municipal road pipe network and construction process |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113062331A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-02 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Pipeline burying method |
CN113300311A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 中电保力(北京)科技有限公司 | Waterproof method for cable well or cable channel |
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KR20160070865A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-21 | 한국해양과학기술원 | Backfiling method for heat pipe |
CN107188609A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-09-22 | 常州易能科技有限公司 | Ground polymers foam concrete and preparation method thereof |
CN108824454A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-16 | 福州美佳环保资源开发有限公司 | A kind of existing road back fill of pipe trough structure and its construction method |
CN212388701U (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-01-22 | 常州易能科技有限公司 | Novel municipal administration road pipe network |
-
2019
- 2019-10-23 CN CN201911013557.8A patent/CN110644591A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20160070865A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-21 | 한국해양과학기술원 | Backfiling method for heat pipe |
CN107188609A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-09-22 | 常州易能科技有限公司 | Ground polymers foam concrete and preparation method thereof |
CN108824454A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-16 | 福州美佳环保资源开发有限公司 | A kind of existing road back fill of pipe trough structure and its construction method |
CN212388701U (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-01-22 | 常州易能科技有限公司 | Novel municipal administration road pipe network |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113062331A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-02 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Pipeline burying method |
CN113300311A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 中电保力(北京)科技有限公司 | Waterproof method for cable well or cable channel |
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