CN110644015B - Wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 206010014418 Electrolyte imbalance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- FNUBKINEQIEODM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoropentanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CC=O FNUBKINEQIEODM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031877 prophase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
The wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode is characterized in that the electrode body is a bent rectangular sheet and is bent along an Archimedes spiral line; the electrode consists of two copper sheets and an aluminum sheet which are mutually attached, and the copper sheets are attached on the inner side; the inner surface of the copper sheet is distributed with bubble transport areas and hydrophilic reaction areas which are arranged at intervals and according to wedge angles, wherein the width of the bubble transport areas increases along with the decrease of the polar angle of the Archimedes spiral line of the electrode. The invention can lead the tiny bubbles to be quickly separated from the surface of the electrode, reduce the reaction dead zone caused by bubble adhesion, and avoid dead zone area fluctuation and electrolyte disturbance caused by the enlarged bubbles; the electrochemical reaction rate is improved, the primary cell current is increased, and the current stability is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrode, in particular to a wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing demand, a way of effectively increasing the output current is particularly important, and many precise instruments require more stable battery output. The hydrogen evolution reaction in water electrolysis is attracting attention of many scientists as one of the most promising methods for hydropower production. In the hydrogen evolution reaction, bubbles adhere to the surface of an electrode to seriously influence the direct contact between the electrode and an electrolyte, so that dead zones of the electrode are generated and ohmic resistance is reduced, and the electrochemical reaction rate is obviously reduced, so that timely removal of the bubbles on the electrode is an effective method for improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction.
The traditional method for removing the bubbles on the electrode comprises two physical methods and chemical methods, such as ultrasonic treatment and supergravity treatment, wherein auxiliary equipment is required to be added in the two methods, but the bubbles can be separated from the surface of the electrode only, and no precise transportation process exists; for example, in the method of constructing the micro/nano structure on the electrode surface, the bubbles need to be gathered into large bubbles by themselves to be separated from the electrode surface. These methods can make the formed bubbles have the capability of separating from the surface of the electrode, but release the bubbles directly into the electrolyte, which can have adverse effects on the electrolysis process, such as severe release of the bubbles can disturb the electrochemical reaction process, and the bubbles directly released into the electrolyte can increase the concentration of the corresponding gas in the electrolyte, thus causing safety problems in practical operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode is provided, and can rapidly transport bubbles, effectively reduce reaction dead zones and improve current stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode is characterized in that the electrode body is a bent rectangular sheet and is bent along an Archimedes spiral line; the electrode consists of two copper sheets and an aluminum sheet which are mutually attached, and the copper sheets are attached on the inner side; the inner surface of the copper sheet is distributed with bubble transport areas and hydrophilic reaction areas which are arranged at intervals and according to wedge angles, wherein the width of the bubble transport areas increases along with the decrease of the polar angle of the Archimedes spiral line of the electrode; the surface of the bubble transport area is sprayed with a super-hydrophobic solvent and a wet lubricant.
The maximum polar angle of the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode is pi.
The preparation method of the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode comprises the following steps:
step one, roughening copper sheets: grinding the surface of the copper sheet by using 200-mesh sand paper, flushing the copper sheet by using distilled water and ethanol, and then drying by using nitrogen;
covering the surface of the dried copper sheet by using a mask plate with wedge-shaped holes, and spraying a super-hydrophobic solvent on the wedge-shaped holes of the mask plate to form a bubble transport area on the surface of the copper sheet;
respectively placing the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet on a pi Archimedes spiral curved surface with the screw pitches of a and theta of 0 to pi Archimedes, bending the copper sheet along the curved surface, annealing the copper sheet, and attaching the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet to form an electrode;
and fourthly, dripping a proper amount of wet lubricant on the outer surface of the copper sheet for infiltration, and then blowing away the non-infiltrated wet lubricant.
In the preparation method of the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode, in the second step, the glcao liquid is used as the super-hydrophobic solvent.
The method comprises the steps of spraying a super-hydrophobic solvent to wedge-shaped holes of a mask plate, dividing the inner surface of an electrode copper sheet into spaced hydrophilic reaction areas and bubble transport areas, wherein the wedge-shaped holes sprayed with the super-hydrophobic solvent correspond to the bubble transport areas, the non-sprayed super-hydrophobic solvent of the mask plate is a hydrophilic reaction area, the two areas are different in hydrophilicity, and the bubble transport areas are smaller in hydrophilicity than the hydrophilic reaction areas due to the fact that the super-hydrophobic solvent is sprayed.
The difference of the hydrophilia of the two areas causes different reaction rates with the electrolyte, the reaction rate of the hydrophilia reaction area is faster, and meanwhile, bubbles are continuously transported on the bubble transport area, so that the reaction of the bubble transport area can be restrained, and only bubbles are transported in the bubble transport area from a macroscopic view, and the hydrophilia reaction area is responsible for the reaction with the electrolyte.
In the present invention, inert electrodes are used for the hydrophilic reaction zone.
The bubble transport zone is divided into a start transport zone, a middle transport zone and a final transport zone: the initial transport area is an area adjacent to the hydrophilic reaction area in the bubble transport area and is responsible for transferring bubbles in the hydrophilic reaction area to the bubble transport area; the final transport zone is the zone where the polar angle θ is equal to zero, where the bubbles exit the electrode.
Due to the fact that the hydrophilic reaction area and the bubble transport area are different in hydrophilicity, bubbles generated in the hydrophilic reaction area are adhered by an initial transport area of the bubble transport area and gradually polymerized into larger bubbles, the bubbles are transported to a final transport area along a curved surface by means of Laplacian force generated by the wedge-shaped curved surface and curvature driving force generated by an Archimedes curve so as to be separated from an electrode, and finally the bubbles are separated from electrolyte through buoyancy. The width of the final transport zone can be optionally adjusted to provide for the release or collection of the reactant gases.
In step four, HFE 7100 may be used as a wet slip agent that is effective in reducing the transport resistance of the air bubbles. HFE 7100 is known by the Chinese name methyl nonafluorobutyl ether and has excellent properties of being inert, high density, low viscosity, low surface tension, low dielectric constant and the like. The low surface tension of HFE 7100 facilitates transport of bubbles. Due to the microstructure formed after the surface roughening of the copper sheet, the superhydrophobicity of the bubble transport region and the low surface tension of the wet lubricant, the wet lubricant rapidly spreads over the substrate of the bubble transport region and enters the microstructure of the resident copper sheet. The copper-based surface of the hydrophilic reaction area of the copper sheet is not soaked in a short time due to the fact that the copper-based surface of the hydrophilic reaction area of the copper sheet does not have super-hydrophobicity, and redundant wet lubricant in the hydrophilic reaction area can be blown away by the electric hair drier.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The invention can realize the rapid detachment of micro-bubbles on the surface of the electrode, reduce the reaction dead zone caused by bubble adhesion, and avoid the dead zone area fluctuation and electrolyte disturbance caused by the enlarged bubbles; the electrochemical reaction rate is improved, the primary cell current is increased, and the current stability is improved.
2) The electrode has simple structure and convenient preparation. The use of ancillary equipment required for conventional bubble release strategies is reduced.
3) By changing the structural parameters of the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface, such as the spiral distance parameter a, the wedge angle parameter alpha and the like, the bubble transport speed can be regulated and controlled to adapt to the requirement of the bubble release rate, and the reaction rate is improved.
4) The method avoids the direct dissolution of dangerous gas in the reaction liquid, is beneficial to the collection of gas and improves the safety of practical operation. The method avoids the direct dissolution of dangerous gas in the reaction liquid, is beneficial to the collection of gas in the next step, and improves the safety of actual operation.
5) The wedge-shaped structure is combined with the spiral curved surface structure, so that the rapid separation of bubbles in the reaction area is realized, the problems of dead zone generation, severe fluctuation of dead zone area, disturbance of electrolyte solution and the like in the electrode reaction area are solved, the electrochemical reaction speed and the current and stability are improved, meanwhile, the dissolution of gas in the electrolyte solution is avoided, the collection of dangerous gas is facilitated, and the safety of the reaction is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electrode according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gas transport of the electrode of the present invention in an electrochemical reaction.
FIG. 3 shows a structural parameter of 8℃wedge angle、aCurrent density versus time curve for a hydrogen evolution reaction for 1/pi electrode.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the reaction rates of electrodes under different parameters.
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the effect on reaction rate at different pitches.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing hydrogen evolution reaction rates at different wedge angles.
Marked in the figure as: 1 electrode, 2 bubble transport zone, 3 hydrophilic reaction zone, 4 bubbles, 5 electrolyte, 6 beaker.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, a wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode is characterized in that an electrode body is a bent rectangular sheet and is bent along an Archimedes spiral line; the electrode consists of two copper sheets and an aluminum sheet which are mutually attached, and the copper sheets are attached on the inner side; the inner surface of the copper sheet is distributed with bubble transport areas and hydrophilic reaction areas which are arranged at intervals and according to wedge angles, wherein the width of the bubble transport areas increases along with the decrease of the polar angle of the Archimedes spiral line of the electrode; the surface of the bubble transport area is sprayed with a super-hydrophobic solvent and a wet lubricant. The maximum polar angle of the archimedes spiral curve is pi.
The preparation method of the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode comprises the following steps:
step one, roughening copper sheets: grinding the surface of the copper sheet by using 200-mesh sand paper, flushing the copper sheet by using distilled water and ethanol, and then drying by using nitrogen;
covering the surface of the dried copper sheet by using a mask plate with wedge-shaped holes, and spraying a superhydrophobic solvent glcao liquid on the mask plate to form a bubble transport area on the surface of the copper sheet;
respectively placing the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet on a pi Archimedes spiral curved surface with the screw pitches of a and theta of 0 to pi Archimedes, bending the copper sheet along the curved surface, annealing the copper sheet, and attaching the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet to form an electrode;
and fourthly, dripping a proper amount of wet lubricant HFE 7100 on the outer surface of the copper sheet, and blowing away the non-infiltrated wet lubricant.
As can be seen in FIG. 3, the wedge-shaped curved surface structure indeed improves the reaction rate and the current stability of the hydrogen evolution reaction, and the current is improved by about 14%. By increasing the reaction rate, the output current of the hydrogen evolution reaction is increased, and the stability of the current is improved.
In fig. 4, a graph showing the reaction rates of a single plane (α=0 °, a= infinity), a wedge plane (α=8 °, a= infinity), a spiral surface (α=0 °, a=1/pi), and a wedge spiral surface (α=8 °, a=1/pi) is shown. In the early stage (0-16 h), the reaction rate of the novel wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode, the wedge-shaped electrode and the plane electrode is sequentially reduced, wherein the reaction rate of the novel wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode is improved by about 12% -15% relative to the plane electrode. In the later reaction stage (16 h-24 h), the mass concentration of the reactant is not uniform (the faster the early reaction rate is, the lower the mass concentration is), so that the influence of the concentration gradually takes the main role, the influence of the structure on the reaction rate is gradually reduced, and the experimental phenomenon that the reaction rate of a planar electrode, a wedge-shaped electrode, a curved electrode and a novel wedge-shaped spiral curved electrode is sequentially reduced is generated. In summary, for electrochemical reactions reflecting constant mass concentration, the novel electrode with wedge-shaped spiral curved surface contributes to the improvement of reaction rate.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the effect of spiral distance parameter a on the reaction rate, taking the hydrogen evolution reaction as an example, where the wedge angle parameter is taken to be α=8°. It is clear from the reaction prophase that the smaller the spiral distance parameter a, the larger the spiral gradient, and the larger the reaction rate of hydrogen ions in the hydrogen evolution reaction, so that the smaller the spiral parameter a, the higher the reaction rate of hydrogen ions in the range where the bubble transport contributes to the reaction rate.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the wedge angle α on the hydrogen evolution reaction rate, and shows that the bubble diameter is relatively small (mostly within 1 mm) in the hydrogen evolution reaction, so the wedge angle cannot be too large (resulting in shortening of the working distance). When the spiral parameter a is taken to be a=1/pi throughout, the reaction rate of hydrogen ions increases stepwise as the wedge angle α increases in a range where the wedge angle is equal to or smaller than 8 °.
Bubbles initially nucleate and grow on the copper surface of the hydrophilic reaction zone without wet slip agent. The growing or coalesced hydrogen bubbles, once in contact with the edges of the bubble transport zone, create a high bubble adhesion, and the bubbles are immediately captured by the wet slip agent into the bubble transport zone. Under the action of the Laplace force and the curvature driving force, the trapped bubbles are transported on the bubble transport area, and during the transportation process, the trapped bubbles are agglomerated again, and finally the bubbles are separated from the bubble transport area to be transported out of the water surface.
And the bubbles are transported out of the reaction area in time, so that the adhesion of the bubbles is reduced, the effective reaction area is kept relatively constant, and the rate of electrochemical reaction is improved. In contrast, bubbles nucleate and continue to grow on the unpatterned copper electrode, and only when the bubbles are large enough, they fall off the electrode, and thus the effective electrode area is cut down, resulting in a reduced reaction rate. The structuring of the wedge-shaped spiral curved surface and the patterning of the wet sliding region simplify the gas treatment process in the reaction, wherein generated bubbles can be removed in time to increase the electrode/electrolyte contact area; the bubbles are timely conveyed out of the water surface, so that the dissolution of hydrogen in the electrolyte is reduced, and the generation of other side reactions is reduced.
Claims (1)
1. The electrode body is a bent rectangular sheet and is bent along an Archimedes spiral line; the electrode consists of two copper sheets and an aluminum sheet which are mutually attached, and the copper sheets are attached on the inner side; the inner surface of the copper sheet is distributed with bubble transport areas and hydrophilic reaction areas which are arranged at intervals and according to wedge angles, wherein the width of the bubble transport areas increases along with the decrease of the polar angle of the Archimedes spiral line of the electrode; the surface of the bubble transport area is sprayed with a super-hydrophobic solvent and a wet lubricant, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, roughening copper sheets: grinding the surface of the copper sheet by using 200-mesh sand paper, flushing the copper sheet by using distilled water and ethanol, and then drying by using nitrogen;
covering the surface of the dried copper sheet by using a mask plate with wedge-shaped holes, and spraying a super-hydrophobic solvent on the wedge-shaped holes of the mask plate to form a bubble transport area on the surface of the copper sheet;
respectively placing the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet on a spiral curved surface with a pitch of a and a polar angle theta of 0 to pi Archimedes, bending the copper sheet along the curved surface, annealing, and attaching the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet to form an electrode;
and fourthly, dripping a proper amount of wet lubricant on the outer surface of the copper sheet for infiltration, and then blowing away the non-infiltrated wet lubricant.
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| CN111977756B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-07-01 | 广东自远环保股份有限公司 | Electroosmosis dehydration equipment for printed circuit board wastewater treatment system |
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| WO1992010597A1 (en) * | 1990-12-04 | 1992-06-25 | Arnold Gallien | Electrolytic cell for electrolytic processes in which gases are developed or consumed, and a method of manufacturing the cell |
| US5538608A (en) * | 1993-09-25 | 1996-07-23 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Bubble collection type gas electrode |
| KR20180032113A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | 주식회사 파이노 | Electrode cell |
| CN210736914U (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-06-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode |
| WO2022002335A1 (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-06 | Draganov Bozhidar Dimitrov | An electrolyser for producing hydrogen from water by electrolysis comprising at least one electrode shaped as a 3-dimensional logarithmic spiral |
-
2019
- 2019-10-18 CN CN201910992900.1A patent/CN110644015B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992010597A1 (en) * | 1990-12-04 | 1992-06-25 | Arnold Gallien | Electrolytic cell for electrolytic processes in which gases are developed or consumed, and a method of manufacturing the cell |
| US5538608A (en) * | 1993-09-25 | 1996-07-23 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Bubble collection type gas electrode |
| KR20180032113A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | 주식회사 파이노 | Electrode cell |
| CN210736914U (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-06-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Wedge-shaped spiral curved surface electrode |
| WO2022002335A1 (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-06 | Draganov Bozhidar Dimitrov | An electrolyser for producing hydrogen from water by electrolysis comprising at least one electrode shaped as a 3-dimensional logarithmic spiral |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 楔形螺旋曲面气泡的定向输送机理及应用;杨哲 等;中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑;A005-682 * |
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