CN110643919A - Method for preparing steel-based coating with shell-like structure on aluminum substrate - Google Patents

Method for preparing steel-based coating with shell-like structure on aluminum substrate Download PDF

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CN110643919A
CN110643919A CN201911008444.9A CN201911008444A CN110643919A CN 110643919 A CN110643919 A CN 110643919A CN 201911008444 A CN201911008444 A CN 201911008444A CN 110643919 A CN110643919 A CN 110643919A
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steel
foil
coating
stainless steel
aluminum substrate
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CN110643919B (en
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李文生
胡春莲
张绍兵
翟海民
何东青
张辛健
冯力
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a steel-based coating with a shell-like structure on an aluminum substrate. Then, atomized stainless steel powder and granulated silicon carbide powder are used as raw materials, a steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of the coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, a stainless steel foil sheet is bonded on the surface of the steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer, a metal ceramic layer is obtained through the double-spraying technology, the steps are repeated, and finally the preparation of the shell-like structure steel-based coating is completed on the aluminum substrate. The method has the advantages of high control precision of the thickness of the coating, strong process stability and repeatability, and realization of strong interface and high performance of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure.

Description

Method for preparing steel-based coating with shell-like structure on aluminum substrate
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coating preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a steel-based coating with a shell-like structure on an aluminum substrate.
Background
The aluminum alloy has high strength-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, bridges and the like. But the wear resistance and the high temperature performance are poor, and the wear-resistant composite material is difficult to be used for shaft sleeves, external structural parts and other contact wear parts. The coating technology is an economic and effective means for improving the wear resistance and high-temperature resistance of industrial structural parts, but the coating is difficult to combine strong interface bonding and high-temperature resistance and wear resistance due to the defects of low melting point and soft quality of aluminum. Therefore, a method for designing the coating microstructure and a transition layer is found, and the interface of the strengthening layer and the substrate is important to improve the high-temperature resistance and the wear resistance of the coating.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a shell-like structure steel-based coating on an aluminum substrate, aiming at the current situation of the research and development field that the common means is difficult to effectively solve the problem that the aluminum substrate coating is difficult to combine strong interface bonding and high temperature and wear resistance. The method has the advantages of high control precision of the thickness of the coating, strong process stability and repeatability, and realization of strong interface and high performance of the aluminum substrate coating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for producing a seashell-like steel-based coating on an aluminum substrate comprising the steps of:
1) sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil and a stainless steel foil on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and placing the aluminum substrate and the stainless steel foil in a high-vacuum heating furnace to carry out foil-substrate sticking treatment to obtain a coating prefabricated body;
2) preparing a steel bonded silicon carbide cermet layer on the surface of a coating preform by using atomized stainless steel powder and granulated silicon carbide powder as raw materials through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology;
3) adhering a stainless steel foil sheet to the surface of the steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), and repeating the steps to finally complete the preparation of the shell-like structure steel-based coating on the aluminum substrate.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step 1), the aluminum element content of the iron-aluminum alloy foil is 6-10% by mass, the thickness is 0.01-0.04 mm, and the thickness of the 304 stainless steel foil is 0.02-0.05 mm; the transverse dimension of the foil is 1 cm larger than the dimension of the coating; the vacuum degree of the high vacuum heating furnace is less than or equal to 10-3And the sticking and sucking treatment temperature is 275-398 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step 2), the particle sizes of the atomized 304 stainless steel powder and the granulated silicon carbide powder are 45-68 microns and 62-88 microns respectively; the included angle between two spray guns of the supersonic plasma double-spraying technology is 60 degrees, the working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step 3), 3 mol/l polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution is used for bonding the foil; the number of the foil-metal ceramic composite layers is 3-5.
As a further improvement of the invention, the surface hardness of the prepared shell-like structure steel-based coating is more than or equal to 64HRC, the interface bonding strength is more than or equal to 210MPa, the coating thickness error is less than or equal to 143 microns, and the frictional wear rate of the stainless steel (304) and the 200 Newton pin disc at 500 ℃ is less than or equal to 0.09 g/h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and advantages:
firstly, laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil and a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of an aluminum matrix in sequence, and placing the aluminum matrix and the aluminum alloy foil in a high-vacuum heating furnace for foil-matrix sticking treatment to obtain a coating prefabricated body. Secondly, preparing a steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer on the surface of the coating preform by using atomized 304 stainless steel powder and granulated silicon carbide powder as raw materials through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, bonding a 304 stainless steel foil sheet on the surface of the steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology, repeating the steps, and finally completing the preparation of the shell-like structure steel-based coating on the aluminum substrate; the iron-aluminum alloy foil and the 304 stainless steel foil are used for preparing a transition layer, so that the Kenkard effect of the coating is prevented from being generated, and the compactness of the coating and the interface structure is ensured; atomized 304 stainless steel powder, granulated silicon carbide powder and 304 stainless steel foil are used as coating raw materials and are overlapped to form a shell-like structure, so that the wear resistance and the impact strength of the coating can be enhanced; the supersonic plasma double-spraying technology is beneficial to spraying two kinds of powder with larger property difference, and the two kinds of powder are mutually coordinated, so that the density and the hardness of the shell-like structure hard layer are realized. The surface hardness of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure prepared by the invention is more than or equal to 64HRC, the interface bonding strength is more than or equal to 210MPa, the coating thickness error is less than or equal to 143 micrometers, and the frictional wear rate of the stainless steel (304) and the 200 Newton pin disc at 500 ℃ is less than or equal to 0.09 g/h.
Furthermore, by means of a transition layer technology, a shell-like structure design and a double-spraying technology, the advantages of the hardness of the steel-bonded metal ceramic and the toughness of the stainless steel foil are fully exerted, and the method is a key means for effectively solving the problem that an aluminum substrate coating cannot have both strong interface bonding and high-temperature and wear resistance. The method has the advantages of high control precision of the thickness of the coating, strong process stability and repeatability, and realization of strong interface and high performance of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for preparing a steel-based coating with a shell-like structure on an aluminum substrate, which comprises the following steps:
1) sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element mass percentage of 6-10% and the thickness of 0.01-0.04 mm and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.02-0.05 mm on the surface of the aluminum matrix, placing the foils in a high vacuum heating furnace, performing foil-matrix sticking treatment, wherein the transverse dimension of the foils is 1 cm larger than the coating dimension, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3Carrying out sticking and sucking treatment at 275-398 ℃ to obtain a coating preform;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the particle size of 45-68 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 62-88 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating preform through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and voltage and current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, then obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the steps for 3-5 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the shell-like structure steel-based coating on the aluminum substrate.
The method of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element mass percentage of 6% and the thickness of 0.01 mm and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.02 mm on the surface of an aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 cm larger than that of a coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3The sticking and sucking temperature is 275 ℃, and a coating prefabricated body is obtained;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the granularity of 45 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 62 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the 3 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 2
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element content of 7 percent and the thickness of 0.02 mm and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.03 mm on the surface of an aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 cm larger than that of a coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3And the sticking and sucking treatment temperature is 288 ℃, so as to obtain a coating prefabricated body;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the particle size of 47 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 64 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the steps for 4 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 3
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element mass percentage of 8% and the thickness of 0.03 mm and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.04 mm on the surface of the aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 cm larger than that of the coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3Obtaining a coating prefabricated body at the sticking and sucking treatment temperature of 298 ℃;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the particle size of 49 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 66 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) adhering a 304 stainless steel foil to the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the steps for 5 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 4
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element content of 9 percent and the thickness of 0.04 millimeter and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.05 millimeter on the surface of the aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 centimeter larger than that of the coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3Obtaining a coating prefabricated body at the sticking and sucking treatment temperature of 398 ℃;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the granularity of 68 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 88 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) adhering a 304 stainless steel foil to the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the steps for 5 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
The performance parameters of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure prepared in the examples 1-4 are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002243462790000061
From the table, the surface hardness of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure prepared by the invention is greater than or equal to 64HRC, the interface bonding strength is greater than or equal to 210MPa, the coating thickness error is less than or equal to 143 micrometers, and the frictional wear rate of the stainless steel (304) and the 200 Newton pin disc at 500 ℃ is less than or equal to 0.09 g/h.
Example 5
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element content of 7 percent and the thickness of 0.04 millimeter and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.02 millimeter on the surface of the aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 centimeter larger than that of the coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3The sticking and sucking treatment temperature is 388 ℃, and a coating prefabricated body is obtained;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the granularity of 58 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 72 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the 3 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 6
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element mass percentage of 6% and the thickness of 0.04 mm and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.05 mm on the surface of the aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 cm larger than that of the coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3And the sticking and sucking treatment temperature is 368 ℃, so as to obtain a coating prefabricated body;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the granularity of 56 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 67 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the steps for 4 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 7
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element content of 9 percent and the thickness of 0.01 millimeter and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.02 millimeter on the surface of the aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 centimeter larger than that of the coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3Obtaining a coating prefabricated body at the sticking and sucking treatment temperature of 299 ℃;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the particle size of 52 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 64 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the 3 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 8
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element content of 10 percent and the thickness of 0.04 millimeter and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.02 millimeter on the surface of the aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 centimeter larger than that of the coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3And the sticking and sucking treatment temperature is 321 ℃, so that a coating prefabricated body is obtained;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the granularity of 68 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 62 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the 3 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 9
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element mass percentage of 6 percent and the thickness of 0.01 mm and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.02 mm on the surface of an aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 cm larger than the size of a coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3The sticking and sucking temperature is 275 ℃, and a coating prefabricated body is obtained;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the granularity of 45 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 62 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating prefabricated body through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and the voltage and the current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) bonding a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the 3 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
Example 10
1) Sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil with the aluminum element content of 10 percent and the thickness of 0.04 millimeter and a 304 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.05 millimeter on the surface of the aluminum matrix, wherein the transverse size of the foil is 1 centimeter larger than that of the coating, placing the foil in a high vacuum heating furnace for carrying out foil-matrix sticking treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-3Obtaining a coating prefabricated body at the sticking and sucking treatment temperature of 398 ℃;
2) atomized 304 stainless steel powder with the granularity of 4568 microns and granulated silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 88 microns are used as raw materials, a steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of a coating preform through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, the included angle between two spray guns is 60 degrees, working gas is propane, and voltage and current are 180 volts and 360 amperes respectively;
3) adhering a 304 stainless steel foil to the surface of the steel bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer by using 3 mol/L polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution, obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the steps for 5 layers, and finally finishing the preparation of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure on the aluminum substrate.
The performance parameters of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure prepared in the examples 5-10 are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002243462790000101
In the process of preparing the shell-like structure coating, the invention adopts a transition layer technology, shell-like structure design and double-spraying technology to research the relationship of the thickness and the components of the transition layer, the viscosity-absorption treatment temperature, the granularity of atomized 304 stainless steel powder and granulated silicon carbide powder, double-spraying technical parameters, the shell-like structure steel-based coating interface and the high-temperature resistance and wear resistance, namely: for the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure, the optimal transition layer thickness and components of higher interface strength and high-temperature wear resistance, the sticking and sucking treatment temperature, the granularity of atomized 304 stainless steel powder and granulated silicon carbide powder and the double-spraying technical parameters are kept.
The specific principle is as follows: firstly, sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil and a 304 stainless steel foil on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and placing the aluminum substrate and the aluminum substrate in a high-vacuum heating furnace for foil-substrate sticking treatment to obtain a coating prefabricated body. Then, atomized 304 stainless steel powder and granulated silicon carbide powder are used as raw materials, a steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer is prepared on the surface of the coating preform through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology, a 304 stainless steel foil is bonded on the surface of the steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer, a metal ceramic layer is obtained through the double-spraying technology, the steps are repeated, and finally the preparation of the shell-like structure steel-based coating is completed on the aluminum substrate. The method has the advantages of high control precision of the thickness of the coating, strong process stability and repeatability, and realization of strong interface and high performance of the steel-based coating with the shell-like structure.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing a seashell-like structure steel-based coating on an aluminum substrate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sequentially laminating and spreading an iron-aluminum alloy foil and a stainless steel foil on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and placing the aluminum substrate and the stainless steel foil in a high-vacuum heating furnace to carry out foil-substrate sticking treatment to obtain a coating prefabricated body;
2) preparing a steel bonded silicon carbide cermet layer on the surface of a coating preform by using atomized stainless steel powder and granulated silicon carbide powder as raw materials through a supersonic plasma double-spraying technology;
3) adhering a stainless steel foil to the surface of the steel-bonded silicon carbide metal ceramic layer, then obtaining the metal ceramic layer by adopting the supersonic plasma double-spraying technology of the step 2), repeating the steps 2) to 3) for multiple times, and finally finishing the preparation of the shell-like structure steel-based coating on the aluminum substrate.
2. The method for preparing the seashell-like structure steel-based coating on the aluminum substrate according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum element content of the iron-aluminum alloy foil is 6-10% by mass, the thickness of the iron-aluminum alloy foil is 0.01-0.04 mm, and the thickness of the stainless steel foil is 0.02-0.05 mm; the foil has a transverse dimension greater than 1 cm of the coating dimension.
3. The method for producing the seashell-like steel-based coating on an aluminum substrate according to claim 1, wherein the degree of vacuum of the high-vacuum heating furnace is 10 or less-3And the sticking and sucking treatment temperature is 275-398 ℃.
4. The method of producing a seashell-like steel-based coating on an aluminum substrate according to claim 1 wherein the atomized stainless steel powder and the granulated silicon carbide powder have particle sizes of 45 to 68 microns and 62 to 88 microns, respectively.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the supersonic plasma double spray technique comprises an angle of 60 degrees between the two spray guns, the working gas is propane, and the voltage and current are 180 volts and 360 amps, respectively.
6. The method of producing a seashell-like steel-based coating on an aluminum substrate according to claim 1 wherein the bonding foil is coated with 3 moles per liter of a polyvinyl acetal alcohol solution; the number of the foil-metal ceramic composite layers is 3-5.
7. The process for producing a seashell-like steel-based coating on an aluminum substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the surface hardness of the seashell-like steel-based coating produced is 64HRC or more, the interfacial bond strength is 210MPa or more, the coating thickness error is 143 μm or less, and the frictional wear rate of the 500 ℃ stainless steel (304) and 200N pin plate is 0.09 g/hr or less.
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