CN110642647A - 硒在制备用于提高烟草抗旱能力的制剂中的应用 - Google Patents
硒在制备用于提高烟草抗旱能力的制剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了硒在制备用于提高烟草抗旱能力的制剂中的应用,属于农业技术领域,其中,所述硒为高价态硒。本发明公开了通过施用含硒制剂提高烟草抗旱能力的方法。利用本发明,能够改善烟草旱时生长状况,增强烟草抗旱能力,从而烟草提高产量和内在品质,为烟草和其他粮食作物安全生产提供有效参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业技术领域,具体地,涉及硒在制备用于提高烟草抗旱能力的制剂中的应用。
背景技术
干旱是影响植物生长发育进程、分布的重要胁迫之一,在生物、非生物胁迫中对农作物造成的损失仅次于病虫害胁迫。烟草作为我国重要的模式植物和经济作物,其生长发育对环境土壤含水量要求较高,若生长发育期田间持水量在50%以下,则品质和产量将受到极大影响。
硒是动物生长发育的必需元素、植物生长发育的有益元素,研究表明,施加适量浓度范围的硒可以增强植物抵御环境胁迫的能力,主要体现在提高生长速率,提升光合能力,提高抗氧化酶活性,降低紫外辐射损伤,调控渗透调节物质含量等。此外,适量的硒肥在烟草中能有效减少病虫害的发生,改善烟叶质量;能降低焦油,总粒相物等有害物质,提高烟叶的安全性,减轻抽烟对人体的危害。
现有研究中,外源硒对小麦、玉米、大麦、高粱、油菜等作物干旱胁迫的响应机制已有研究,但外源硒缓解烟草干旱胁迫的机理尚不明确。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,发明人从提高烟草产量、品质及缓解烟草生长发育过程中受干旱胁迫影响的角度出发,进行室内水培实验,分析了烟草幼苗在干旱胁迫时的农艺性状、生理特性、基因表达状况。根据室内水培试验结果,研究不同价态硒缓解干旱胁迫的的生理机制,出乎意料地发现,加硒处理可以通过调控抗旱相关基因表达来应对干旱胁迫,从而完成本发明。
本发明的第一方面提供硒在制备用于提高烟草抗旱能力的制剂中的应用。
硒是典型的氧-硫族元素,物理性质介于金属和非金属之间,属于稀有元素。硒按形态分,包括碳酸盐结合态、交换态、水溶态、有机结合态、铁锰氧化态、残渣态等;按价态分,包括硒酸盐(Se6+)、亚硒酸盐(Se4+)、元素硒(Se)、硒化物 (Se2-)以及有机硒化物。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述硒为高价态硒。在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述硒为Se6+或Se4+。在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述硒为Se6+。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述硒为硒酸盐和/或亚硒酸盐。在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述硒为硒酸钠和/或亚硒酸钠。在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述硒为硒酸钠。
本发明的第二方面提供一种提高烟草抗旱能力的方法,包括向所述烟草施用合硒的制剂的步骤。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述硒为高价态硒。在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述硒为Se6+或Se4+。在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述硒为Se6+。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述硒为硒酸盐和/或亚硒酸盐。在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述硒为硒酸钠和/或亚硒酸钠。在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述硒为硒酸钠。
在本发明中,所述制剂为肥料、添加剂或生长调节剂。在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述制剂为肥料,在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述肥料为颗粒肥、粉末肥或液肥。
本发明的有益效果
(1)不同价态硒能提高干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗叶片气孔导度(GS)、气孔张开面积、蒸腾速率(Tr)、光和色素含量和净光合速率(Pn),显著降低了烟草幼苗叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci),从而促进了干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗的光合作用,增加植株抗旱性。
(2)加不同价态硒处理组能显著增加烟草幼苗叶片渗透调节物质、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量,增强细胞渗透能力;显著降低MDA含量,减缓干旱胁迫对生物膜的损害,不同价态硒对质膜相对透性起到一定的保护作用。
(3)不同价态硒处理组能使烟草幼苗叶片H2O2含量与O2-产生速率显著下降,使抗氧化酶活性显著升高,且加高价态硒(硒酸钠)处理组显著高于加低价态硒(亚硒酸钠)处理组,能有效缓解萎蔫症状。
(4)台盼蓝染液可以与细胞内解体的DNA结合使其染色,通过颜色深浅来判断植物细胞死亡情况。供试烟草幼苗根系染色结果显示,对照组颜色最浅;干旱处理组颜色最深,细胞死亡最严重;加不同价态硒处理组颜色介于二者之间,细胞死亡数有所减少。由根系O2-含量可以看出,T1处理O2-含量显著增加,是CK处理组O2-含量的1.85倍;与T1相比,Se6+处理O2-含量降低了27.0%,Se4+ 处理O2-含量降低了14.3%,且组间差异达到显著水平。干旱胁迫会引发细胞程序性死亡,用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析发现,对照处理组烟草根尖细胞活力旺盛,未见细胞死亡;干旱胁迫下,根尖细胞大量死亡;较T1相比,加不同价态硒处理组根尖细胞死亡量明显减少,表明加硒处理组对干旱胁迫有一定的缓解作用。
(5)荧光定量PCR测试结果显示:加硒处理组可以使生长发育调节基因 CDPK2、逆境胁迫应答基因HAT、渗透调节基因P5CS和激素调节基因AREB相对表达量均显著高于干旱处理组,且高价态硒(硒酸钠)处理组显著高于低价态硒(亚硒酸钠)处理组,但未达到空白对照水平。
(6)利用本发明,能够改善烟草旱时生长状况,增强烟草抗旱能力,以提高产量和内在品质为主要目的,探求烟草安全生产及为其他粮食作物提供有效参考。
附图说明
图1示出了各处理组烟草幼苗及根系生长情况。
图2示出了各处理对烟草幼苗叶农艺性状、根冠比及根系活力的影响。
图3示出了各处理对烟草幼苗根系参数的影响。
图4示出了各处理对烟草幼苗叶片含水量的影响。
图5示出了各处理对烟草幼苗叶片光合参数的影响。
图6示出了各处理对烟草幼苗叶片叶绿素的影响。
图7示出了各处理叶绿素(SPAD)变化趋势。
图8示出了各处理烟草幼苗叶片体外失水情况。
图9示出了各处理对烟草幼苗叶片气孔开闭的影响。
图10示出了各处理对烟草幼苗叶片抗氧化酶和活性氧的影响。
图11示出了各处理烟草幼苗叶片NBT染色情况。
图12示出了各处理对烟草幼苗叶片MDA和渗透调节物质含量的影响。
图13示出了各处理烟草幼苗根尖台盼蓝染色情况。
图14示出各处理对烟草幼苗根尖O2-产生速率的影响。
图15示出了各处理对烟草叶片基因表达的影响。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例
以下例子在此用于示范本发明的优选实施方案。本领域内的技术人员会明白,下述例子中披露的技术代表发明人发现的可以用于实施本发明的技术,因此可以视为实施本发明的优选方案。但是本领域内的技术人员根据本说明书应该明白,这里所公开的特定实施例可以做很多修改,仍然能得到相同的或者类似的结果,而非背离本发明的精神或范围。
除非另有定义,所有在此使用的技术和科学的术语,和本发明所属领域内的技术人员所通常理解的意思相同,在此公开引用及他们引用的材料都将以引用的方式被并入。
那些本领域内的技术人员将意识到或者通过常规试验就能了解许多这里所描述的发明的特定实施方案的许多等同技术。这些等同将被包含在权利要求书中。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的仪器设备,如无特殊说明,均为实验室常规仪器设备;下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为自常规生化试剂商店购买得到的。
实施例
1材料
烟草供试品种为豫烟10号,为较不耐旱品种。硒酸钠、亚硒酸纳固体粉剂购置于郑州艾克姆化工有限公司,含量分别为97%和99%的分析纯试剂。
2方法
烟草种子先用2%的次氯酸钠溶液消毒十分钟,再用去离子水反复冲洗并浸泡8小时后,将种子点入铺有网格海绵的去离子水育苗盘中,每格点2-3粒。然后置于温度为28℃的培养箱中进行避光催芽。
萌发后约三周,用镊子将长出2片子叶的烟草幼苗移栽到蛭石盒中,移至人工气候室培养,先用1/4 Hoagland营养液浇苗,培养一周后改用1/2 Hoagland 营养液。
当烟苗长至4叶1心时,选取形态长势基本一致的健壮烟苗,小心剥落蛭石并洗净根部,用海绵和定植篮固定在装有Hoagland营养液(硝酸钾607mg/L,硝酸钙945mg/L,铁盐溶液2.5ml/L,硫酸镁493mg/L,微量元素5ml/L,磷酸铵 115mg/L,pH 6.5)的水培盒中培养。每2天换1次营养液,每天通氧1次,每次2 小时。气候室设置为光照强度400μmol·m-2·s-1、昼/夜温度(28±2)℃/(20±2)℃、湿度80%±5%。
当烟苗长至幼苗5叶1心时,将形态长势基本一致的烟苗随机分组,以 PEG-6000和营养液配制浓度为15%的水溶液模拟中度干旱胁迫,设置四个处理:
(1)对照(CK):正常培养;
(2)干旱胁迫(T1):加入15%PEG;
(3)T2:干旱胁迫+施加200μg/L亚硒酸纳(PEG+Na2SeO3);
(4)T3:干旱胁迫+施加200μg/L硒酸钠(Na2SeO4);
每个处理设置3次重复,每个重复4株烟苗,在干旱处理48h时间点取第三片真叶待测。
3测定项目、方法和结果
3.1农艺性状及生物量测定
根系形态结构采用赵阳等(赵阳,王树声,张亚丽等.增加烟草一级和二级侧根是抵御干旱的生理机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):548-555.) 方法测定;
测株高:用软皮尺测量,测量部位为根尖顶端起至3cm。
烟草样品各部位鲜重测定:先将供试烟草样品用去离子水洗净、再用吸水纸吸干表面水分,使用电子天平测地下和地上鲜重。
烟草样品各部位干重测定:将烟株在105℃下杀青20min,在温度80℃烘干直至恒重,使用电子天平测量地下和地上干重,计算根冠比(取样前后拍照,做差异对比)。
干旱、不同价态硒处理及复合条件下烟草幼苗生长状态如图1所示,可以看出,与对照相比,干旱处理组烟草幼苗叶片明显偏小、萎蔫,干旱处理组胁迫症状最明显;相比之下,加硒处理组有效缓解了烟草幼苗的胁迫症状。
根冠比计算分析发现,硒处理组有利于根冠比维持稳定,如图2所示。叶片长度、叶片宽度测量分析发现,与对照相比,干旱胁迫显著减少了叶片长度、宽度、鲜重和干重;而加硒处理组显著增加了叶长、叶宽、鲜重和干重,但仍然显著小于对照组。与对照相比,干旱处理组根系活力显著下降;加硒处理组可显著提升根系活力,且T3处理比T2处理提升效果明显。
同时,不同价态硒处理时,烟草幼苗根长、根尖数、分叉数较T1处理均显著增加,但不超过CK,如图3所示。其中,不同价态硒处理组根长之间相比,增幅基本一致,Se(+6)处理的根尖数和分叉数显著高于Se(+4)处理;Se(+4) 处理时,根系总体积增幅约为6.9%,Se(+6)的增幅为13.7%;Se(+4)处理时,根系表面积增幅约为1.4%,Se(+6)的增幅为4.1%;施加干旱处理组的根系平均直径均大于CK,T1处理后增幅最高,为4.4%,Se(+4)和Se(+6)处理后增幅分别为0.6%和2.2%;由此可见,该浓度下,各价态硒均有助于维持根系形态稳定,但不能完全消除干旱胁迫对根系的抑制。
3.2生理生化指标测定
3.2.1测定方法
将叶片迅速摘下,称取其鲜重,立即在105℃下杀青20min,然后在80℃烘干至恒重,测定烟草叶片的含水率。
采用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)法测根系活力。
采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)光还原比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;采用愈创木酚法测定过氧化物酶(POD)活性;采用过氧化氢分解法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。
采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。
采用Djanaguiraman M等(Djanaguiraman M,Prasad P V V,SeppanenM.2010.Selenium protects sorghum leaves from oxidative damage under hightemperature stress by enhancing antioxidant defense system[J].PlantPhysiology and Biochemistry,48(12):999-1007.)的方法测定根尖超氧阴离子O2- 产生速率;采用四氯化钛沉淀法测定过氧化氢(H2O2)含量。
采用酸性茚三酮比色法测定游离脯氨酸含量;采用蒽酮比色法测定可溶性糖含量;采用考马斯亮蓝法测定可溶性蛋白含量。
采用SPAD-502叶绿素测定仪(日本Konica公司)测定叶绿素含量:在早、中、晚同一时间测定在每个叶片主脉两侧中部测3个点取平均值,以上每个处理每次测定3株,3次重复,连续测定两天。
采用相对电导率法测定质膜相对透性;采用郑国琦等(郑国琦,张磊,郑国保,等.不同灌水量对干旱区枸杞叶片结构、光合生理参数和产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2806-2813.)的方法测定气孔特征参数;采用 Li-6400便携式光合仪在上午9:00-11;00间测定光合特征参数;采用Jyoti Kumari 等(Jyoti Kumari,PushpikaUdawat,Ashish K,et al.Overexpression of SbSI-1,A Nuclear Protein fromSalicornia brachiata Confers Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance and MaintainsPhotosynthetic Efficiency in Transgenic Tobacco[J]. Frontiers in PlantScience,2017.DOI:10.3389/fpls.2017.01215.)的方法测定叶片衰老。
3.3.2不同价态硒对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗叶片含水量的影响
植株叶片含水量是反映植株水合张力的重要指标,在一定程度上反映了植株抗旱性的强弱。如图4所示,与对照相比,干旱胁迫下烤烟叶片相对含水量显著降低,然而,加硒处理的烤烟叶片含水量显著高于单独干旱处理,其中,D+Se(IV)处理增加了4.60%;D+Se(VI)处理增加了5.75%。由此可知,在干旱胁迫条件下,适宜浓度的四价硒和六价硒有利于保持烤烟叶片的水分。
3.2.3不同价态硒对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗叶片光合参数的影响
如图5所示,不同价态硒处理对干旱胁迫下幼苗光合参数有一定缓解作用,其中气孔导度和光合速率较T1显著增加,Se(+4)处理组气孔导度上升幅度比 Se(+6)处理组高,但光合速率上升幅度不及Se(+6)处理;Se(+4)和Se (+6)处理组蒸腾速率较T1增加幅度分别为236.8%和315.7%,但组间差异未达到显著水平,且不超过CK。不同价态硒处理胞间CO2浓度与T1相比均显著降低,且Se(+6)处理降低幅度效果显著大于Se(+4)处理。
3.2.4不同价态硒对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗叶片光合色素的影响
如图6所示,与CK相比,干旱处理光合色素含量有不同程度降低;与T1相比,不同价态硒处理时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素总量均有所升高,其中,Se(+6)处理时,光和色素含量甚至显著高于CK、T1、T2,Se(+4) 处理时,叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量显著升高,叶绿素a和叶绿素总量分别升高了4.6%和6.5%,但低于CK。如图7所示,干旱处理组SPAD值显著低于CK,不同价态硒处理较T1显著升高,且Se(+6)处理高于对照组。如图7所示,叶片体外失水实验也证明了这点,不同价态硒处理组叶片颜色明显比干旱处理组叶片绿色深。
3.2.5不同价态硒对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗叶片气孔特征的影响
叶片与外界环境气体与水分的交换主要通过气孔进行。由图8、图9可以看出,不同处理组气孔差异较大,与对照组相比,干旱处理组气孔长度和宽度明显下降;与T1相比,硒处理组长,宽度有所增加,但低于CK。与对照相比,Se (+6)处理单个气孔面积降低了32.3%,Se(+4)处理单个气孔面积降低了39.5%。
3.2.6不同价态硒对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性和活性氧含量的影响
与对照相比,供试烟草叶片的H2O2含量与O2-产生速率在T1处理时显著增加,如图10所示;与T1相比,不同价态硒处理能显著降低H2O2含量与O2-产生速率,但大于CK,其中,T3处理能显著降低H2O2含量,且显著低于T2,T2和T3处理在降低O2-产生速率时,组间差异不显著。与对照相比,施加干旱胁迫处理组抗氧化酶活性有不同程度升高,其中,T1处理下SOD、CAT显著升高,POD上升幅度为2.7%;不同价态硒处理与T1相比,Se(+6)处理使SOD升高了8.9%,高于Se(+4)处理的5.0%,POD、CAT显著升高,且Se(+6)处理显著高于Se(+4) 处理。
从NBT染色图(图11)可以看出,CK颜色最浅,T1颜色最深,硒处理组颜色较T1浅,说明硒处理可以减轻活性氧对叶片的损伤。
3.2.7不同价态硒对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗叶片MDA和渗透调节物质含量的影响
如图12所示,与对照组相比,T1处理组叶片丙二醛含量显著升高;与T1相比,不同价态硒处理会显著降低MDA含量,但显著高于CK,其中,Se(+6)处理显著低于Se(+4)。T1处理组烟草幼苗叶片相对电导率显著高于对照组;与 T1相比,不同价态硒处理会显著降低相对电导率,且Se(+4)处理显著低于Se (+6)。干旱处理下,脯氨酸含量较CK有所升高,与CK相比,T1升高4.3%,T2 升高5.6%,Se(+6)处理显著升高,为11.9%。与CK相比,可溶性蛋白含量在干旱胁迫下显著增加;与T1相比,不同价态硒处理可溶性蛋白含量显著高于T1,且Se(+6)处理增幅最大为56.0%显著高于Se(+4)处理的16.7%。
3.2.8不同价态硒对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗根尖氧化损伤及细胞凋亡的影响
细胞损伤或死亡时,台盼蓝可穿透变性细胞膜与解体的DNA结合,使其着色,故台盼蓝可用于检测细胞膜的完整性。由图13可以看出,对照组颜色最浅; T1处理组颜色最深,细胞死亡最严重;不同价态硒处理组有所缓解。如图14所示,根系O2-产生速率可以看出,T1处理O2-产生速率显著增加,是CK处理组O2-产生速率的1.85倍;与T1相比,Se(+6)处理O2-产生速率降低了27.0%,Se(+4) 处理O2-产生速率降低了14.3%,且组间差异达到显著水平。
3.3 SYBR Green荧光定量PCR测定
(1)RNA提取:提取总RNA,利用NanoDrop 2000分光光度计(Thermo Scientific,USA)测定浓度及OD260/OD280,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA完整性。
(2)逆转录:利用HiScript II Q RT SuperMix for qPCR(+gDNA wiper)(Vazyme,R223-01)将待测RNA逆转录成cDNA。
逆转录体系:
第一步:总RNA 0.5μg,4×gDNA wiper Mix 2μL,Nuclease-free H2O加至8μL;反应程序:42℃2min。
第二步:加入5×HiScript II Q RT SuperMix lia 2μL;反应程序:25℃10min,50℃30min,85℃5min。
总反应体积10μL。逆转录完毕后加入90μL Nuclease-free H2O储存在-20℃冰箱备用。
(3)引物设计:引物采用Roche LCPDS2软件设计并由北京擎科新业生物技术有限公司合成。
(4)荧光定量PCR:利用Green PCR Kit试剂盒(Qiagen,Germany)在480 II型荧光定量PCR仪(Roche,Swiss)上进行反应。体系:Green PCR Master Mix 5μL;10μM Forward primer 0.2μL;10μMReverse primer 0.2μL;cDNA 1μL;Nuclease-free H2O 3.6μL。PCR 程序:95℃5min;95℃10s,60℃30s,40个循环。循环结束后利用熔解曲线检测产物特异性:从60℃缓慢升温至97℃,每℃采集5次荧光信号。
表1:荧光定量PCR引物
在干旱胁迫及不同价态硒处理下,六个干旱相关基因CDPK2、P5CS、AREB、 HAT、LEA5、ADC的相对表达量测试结果如图15所示。由图15可知,干旱处理16h 后,与对照组相比,六个相关基因除HAT外均表现为上调表达,且均达到显著水平。其中,干旱处理组LEA5基因相对表达量是对照组的4.25倍、AREB基因相对表达量是对照组的2.69倍、CDPK2基因相对表达量是对照组的1.51倍、P5CS 基因相对表达量是对照组的1.62倍。表明干旱条件下,植株可以通过诱导激素,渗透性调节物质,生长因子等基因响应胁迫。而在不同价态硒处理组中,与干旱处理组相比,六个相关因除LEA5表现负相关外,其余均表现为显著升高,另外,亚硒酸钠处理组只有ADC基因表达量显著高于硒酸钠处理。结果表明硒处理可以调控烟草抗旱相关基因响应干旱胁迫。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
序列表
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Claims (10)
1.硒在制备用于提高烟草抗旱能力的制剂中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述硒为高价态硒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述硒为硒酸盐和/或亚硒酸盐。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的应用,其特征在于,所述制剂为肥料、添加剂或生长调节剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肥料为颗粒肥、粉末肥或液肥。
6.一种提高烟草抗旱能力的方法,其特征在于,包括向所述烟草施用含硒的制剂的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述其特征在于,所述硒为高价态硒。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述硒为硒酸盐和/或亚硒酸盐。
9.根据权利要求6-8任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制剂为肥料、添加剂或生长调节剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述肥料为颗粒肥、粉末肥或液肥。
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