CN110641101A - Heat insulation composite material - Google Patents

Heat insulation composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110641101A
CN110641101A CN201910956662.9A CN201910956662A CN110641101A CN 110641101 A CN110641101 A CN 110641101A CN 201910956662 A CN201910956662 A CN 201910956662A CN 110641101 A CN110641101 A CN 110641101A
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silicone rubber
fibers
composite
inorganic fiber
fiber layer
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Inventor
刘婷婷
顾少卿
孙少敏
潘杰
赵忠印
加里·弗兰西斯·豪沃思
赛伦德拉·博吉拉勒·拉索德
布兰登·A·巴特林
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3M Material Technology Hefei Co Ltd
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3M Material Technology Hefei Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910956662.9A priority Critical patent/CN110641101A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/20—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising silicone rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/105—Ceramic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/10—Batteries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/387—Borates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention provides a heat-insulating composite material for delaying heat diffusion for an electric vehicle battery. The thermal insulation composite comprises: a silicone rubber layer and an inorganic fiber layer. The heat insulation composite material prepared according to the technical scheme of the invention has good heat insulation performance and compressibility, and can be used for batteries of electric vehicles to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway of the batteries.

Description

Heat insulation composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries of electric vehicles, and particularly provides a heat-insulating composite material for delaying heat diffusion of batteries of electric vehicles.
Background
In recent years, the electric automobile production and sales volume keeps increasing at a high speed in the global market, particularly in the Chinese market. The electric automobile industry is moving towards revolution. Automobile manufacturers are working on the development of long-endurance electric vehicles (up to 200 miles endurance with a single charge). This would require the electric vehicle battery to have a larger battery capacity and a shorter charging time. The pursuit for the above technical effects brings about a potentially high risk that the failure rate of the lithium ion battery is increased, and even the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery occurs.
Therefore, the thermal runaway problem of batteries for electric vehicles is gradually receiving much attention. To address the above issues, automotive manufacturers have adopted a variety of material designs to reduce the risk of thermal runaway in batteries. Currently, aerogel and mica are heat insulating materials that are of general interest and can be placed between cells in an electric vehicle battery to effectively reduce heat transfer between the cells. However, current aerogel products are very expensive. The general problem of mica sheet products is that the texture is hard and brittle, and there is a potential safety hazard. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a thermal insulation material which can be used in the battery of the electric automobile and has good thermal insulation performance and compressibility and can delay thermal diffusion.
Disclosure of Invention
Starting from the technical problems set forth above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal insulation composite material for an electric vehicle battery, which delays thermal diffusion, has good thermal insulation properties and compressibility, and can be used for an electric vehicle battery to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery.
The present inventors have made intensive studies and completed the present invention.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an insulating composite comprising:
a silicone rubber layer; and
and an inorganic fiber layer.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the silicone rubber layer is in the range of 0.2mm to 5 mm.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the silicone rubber layer is obtained by curing a silicone rubber precursor composition comprising, based on 100% by weight of its total weight:
35-70 wt% of a crosslinkable silicone oil;
1-10 wt% of a cross-linking agent;
10-50 wt% of a flame retardant; and
1-12 wt% of a water-loss endothermic filler.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the viscosity of the crosslinkable silicone oil is in the range of 100 to 10000 cSt.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the crosslinkable silicone oil is a vinyl silicone oil.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cross-linking agent is a hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the flame retardant is sodium silicate, zinc borate or mixtures thereof.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from a metal hydroxide, a metal salt hydrate or a mixture thereof.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulfate or mixtures thereof.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the silicone rubber precursor composition comprises 4 to 10 wt% of a water-loss endothermic filler.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the silicone rubber precursor composition further comprises 0.1 to 10 wt% of a polymerization catalyst, which is a platinum-based catalyst or a peroxide catalyst.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the silicone rubber precursor composition further comprises 1 to 10 wt.% of an inhibitor which is an alkynol inhibitor, a vinyl inhibitor, a cyclic double bond inhibitor or a mixture thereof.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the inorganic fiber layer is in the range of 0.2mm to 3 mm.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic fibers in the inorganic fiber layer have an aspect ratio of greater than 3: 1.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic fibers are selected from one or more of the group consisting of: refractory ceramic fibers, metal oxide fibers, biosoluble inorganic fibers, glass fibers, crystalline fibers, amorphous fibers, mineral fibers, carbide fibers, and nitride fibers.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic fiber layer comprises, based on the total weight of the inorganic fiber layer taken as 100% by weight:
1-15 wt% binder;
5-85% by weight of a water-loss endothermic filler; and
10-80% by weight of inorganic fibers.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from a metal hydroxide, a metal salt hydrate or a mixture thereof.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulfate or mixtures thereof.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the insulating composite comprises a silicone rubber layer as described above and an inorganic fiber layer as described above attached to each other.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the insulating composite comprises one inorganic fiber layer and two silicone rubber layers respectively located on opposite sides of the inorganic fiber layer and bonded thereto.
Compared with the prior art in the field, the invention has the advantages that: the heat-insulation composite material for delaying heat diffusion is flexible, is not easy to damage, has good heat-insulation performance, and can be used for batteries of electric vehicles to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway of the batteries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an insulating composite having a two-layer structure (silicone rubber layer/inorganic fiber layer) according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 2 shows an insulating composite having a three-layer structure (silicone rubber layer/inorganic fiber layer/silicone rubber layer) according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that other various embodiments can be devised and modified by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing feature sizes, quantities, and physical and chemical characteristics used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and attached claims are approximations that can be suitably varied by those skilled in the art in seeking to obtain the desired properties utilizing the teachings disclosed herein. The use of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range and any range within that range, for example, 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5, and the like.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the heat insulation composite material for delaying heat diffusion of the battery of the electric automobile is provided, and comprises the following components: a silicone rubber layer; and an inorganic fiber layer. Wherein the silicone rubber layer is capable of providing good thermal insulation at a lower temperature range and the inorganic fiber layer is capable of providing good thermal insulation at a higher temperature range, even up to about 800 ℃. The inorganic fiber layer also provides compressibility to the insulating composite such that it is not susceptible to damage during use. In addition, the silicone rubber layer can permeate into the inorganic fiber layer in the curing process, so that the hardness degree of the heat-insulation composite material is adjusted, and the compression performance of the heat-insulation composite material is further adjusted.
Specifically, the thickness of the silicone rubber layer is in the range of 0.2mm to 5 mm. By controlling the thickness of the silicone rubber layer within the above range, it is possible to maintain a sufficient heat insulating effect without significantly increasing the size of the silicone rubber layer.
The silicone rubber layer may be prepared by synthetic methods known in the art. Preferably, the silicone rubber layer is obtained by curing a silicone rubber precursor composition, for example, the silicone rubber precursor composition is coated on a substrate and cured. The silicone rubber precursor composition comprises, based on the total weight of the composition taken as 100 wt.%:
35-70 wt% of a crosslinkable silicone oil;
1-10 wt% of a cross-linking agent;
10-50 wt% of a flame retardant; and
1-12 wt% of a water-loss endothermic filler.
There is no particular limitation on the specific type of crosslinkable silicone oil that may be used to prepare the silicone rubber precursor composition. Preferably, the viscosity of the crosslinkable silicone oil is in the range of 100 to 10000 cSt. More preferably, the crosslinkable silicone oil is a vinyl silicone oil. The silicone rubber precursor composition comprises 35 to 70 wt% of a vinyl silicone oil, based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the composition. A specific example of a crosslinkable silicone oil which can be used in the present invention is a vinyl silicone oil produced by AB Andisil, which has a viscosity of 5000 cSt.
The silicone rubber precursor composition comprises a cross-linking agent for causing cross-linking of the cross-linkable silicone oil. Preferably, the cross-linking agent is hydrogen-containing silicone oil. The hydrogen-containing silicone oil is capable of causing polymerization of the vinyl silicone oil by hydrosilylation reaction. The silicone rubber precursor composition contains 1 to 10 wt%, preferably 3 to 10 wt%, of hydrogen-containing silicone oil based on 100 wt% of the total weight thereof. A specific example of the hydrogen-containing silicone oil that can be used in the present invention is a hydrogen-containing silicone oil produced by AB Andisil corporation.
The silicone rubber precursor composition includes 10 to 50 wt% of a flame retardant to provide a flame retardant effect. Preferably, the flame retardant is sodium silicate, zinc borate or a mixture thereof. Optionally, the flame retardant may also be a conventional halogen-based flame retardant such as a bromine or chlorine-based flame retardant, a nitrogen-based flame retardant, or a hydride-based flame retardant. Preferred examples of the flame retardant that can be used in the present invention include Expantrol (which is an aqueous solution containing 73 wt% sodium silicate, 17 wt% zinc borate and 10 wt% water) produced by 3M innovative limited.
The silicone rubber precursor composition also includes a water loss endothermic filler. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the term "water-loss endothermic filler" means an inorganic filler capable of losing water from a molecule upon heating and absorbing heat at the same time. The water loss heat absorption filler can remarkably reduce heat transfer through a water loss heat absorption process, and has a heat insulation effect. The silicone rubber precursor composition comprises from 1 to 12 wt% of the water-loss endothermic filler. Preferably, the silicone rubber precursor composition comprises from 4 to 10 wt% of the water-loss endothermic filler. The water-loss endothermic filler is selected from a metal hydroxide, a metal salt hydrate or a mixture thereof capable of losing water from the molecule upon heating. In particular, the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulphate or mixtures thereof.
In order to promote the crosslinking reaction between the crosslinkable silicone oil and the crosslinking agent, preferably, the silicone rubber precursor composition contains 0.1 to 10% by weight of a polymerization catalyst. There is no particular limitation on the specific type of polymerization catalyst that may be employed. Preferably, the polymerization catalyst is a platinum-based catalyst or a peroxide catalyst. For example, a platinum catalyst manufactured by Heraeus corporation under the trademark Heraeus Karstedt Pt may be used.
Optionally, the silicone rubber precursor composition may further comprise 1 to 10 wt.% of an inhibitor. The inhibitor can be used to inhibit excessive curing of the silicone rubber precursor composition. Preferably, the inhibitor is an alkynol inhibitor, a vinyl inhibitor, a cyclic double bond inhibitor or a mixture thereof. Specific examples of inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol.
In addition to the silicone rubber layer described above, the thermal insulation composite according to the present invention further includes an inorganic fiber layer closely attached to the silicone rubber layer. The inorganic fiber layer serves to provide the thermal insulation composite with the required mechanical strength and is capable of providing good thermal insulation at higher temperature ranges, even up to around 800 ℃.
Specifically, the thickness of the inorganic fiber layer is in the range of 0.2mm to 3 mm. By controlling the thickness of the inorganic fiber layer within the above range, it is possible to maintain sufficient mechanical strength and heat insulation effect without significantly increasing the size of the silicone rubber layer.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic fiber layer comprises inorganic fibers, a binder, and a water-loss endothermic filler. Wherein the inorganic fiber layer comprises, based on the total weight of the inorganic fiber layer taken as 100 wt%:
1-15 wt% binder:
5-85% by weight of a water-loss endothermic filler: and
10-80% by weight of inorganic fibers.
According to certain embodiments, the inorganic fibers that may be used to prepare the inorganic fiber layer include, but are not limited to, heat-resistant biosoluble inorganic fibers, conventional heat-resistant inorganic fibers, or mixtures thereof.
For purposes of illustration and not limitation, suitable conventional heat-resistant inorganic fibers that can be used to prepare the inorganic fiber layer include heat-resistant ceramic fibers, alkaline earth silicate fibers, mineral wool fibers, glass fibers, and mixtures thereof.
In certain embodiments, the mineral wool fibers include, but are not limited to, at least one of rock wool fibers, slag wool fibers, basalt fibers, and glass wool fibers. Mineral wool fibers may be formed from basalt, industrial smelter slag, and the like, and typically contain silica, calcia, alumina, and/or magnesia. Glass wool fibers are typically made from a molten mixture of sand and recycled glass material.
Preferably, according to certain embodiments, the inorganic fibers useful for preparing the inorganic fiber layer are selected from one or more of the group consisting of: refractory ceramic fibers, metal oxide fibers, biosoluble inorganic fibers, glass fibers, crystalline fibers, amorphous fibers, mineral fibers, carbide fibers, and nitride fibers. In order to achieve the technical effect of the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness of the inorganic fiber layer is in the range of 0.2mm to 3 mm. Preferably, the aspect ratio of the inorganic fibers in the inorganic fiber layer is greater than 3: 1.
The inorganic fiber layer further comprises one or more binders. Suitable binders are inorganic binders, organic binders or combinations thereof. The organic binder may be provided in the form of a solid, liquid, solution, dispersion, latex, or the like. The organic binder may comprise a thermoplastic or thermoset binder that is a flexible material after curing. Examples of suitable organic binders include, but are not limited to, acrylic latex, (meth) acrylic latex, copolymers of styrene and butadiene, vinylpyridine, acrylonitrile, copolymers of acrylonitrile and styrene, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylene, polyamides, silicones, and the like. Other resinous binders include flexible thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyesters, epoxy resins, and polyvinyl esters (e.g., polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral). According to certain embodiments, the multilayer thermal insulation composite uses an acrylic resin binder. The inorganic fiber layer according to the present invention may further comprise an inorganic binder. The inorganic binders include, but are not limited to, colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, colloidal zirconia, sodium silicate, and clays such as bentonite, hectorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, palygorskite, saponite, or sepiolite, and the like. The inorganic fiber layer contains 1 to 15% by weight of a binder, based on 100% by weight of the total weight of the inorganic fiber layer.
Optionally, the inorganic fiber layer may further comprise a water-loss endothermic filler. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the term "water-loss endothermic filler" means an inorganic filler capable of losing water from a molecule upon heating and absorbing heat at the same time. The water loss heat absorption filler can remarkably reduce heat transfer through a water loss heat absorption process, and has a heat insulation effect. The inorganic fiber layer contains 5-85 wt% of a water-loss endothermic filler. The water-loss endothermic filler is selected from a metal hydroxide, a metal salt hydrate or a mixture thereof capable of losing water from the molecule upon heating. In particular, the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulphate or mixtures thereof.
The inorganic fiber layer according to the present invention can be prepared by a general method according to the prior art, and can be commercially available. Commercially available examples of inorganic fiber layers that may be used in the present invention include alkali metal silicate fiber mats manufactured by TPF corporation under the designation 10951A.
The thermal insulation composite according to the present invention preferably has a double-layered structure to provide a good thermal insulation effect. Fig. 1 shows an insulating composite 1 having a two-layer structure (inorganic fiber layer 2/silicone rubber layer 3) according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the thermal insulation composite 1 includes an inorganic fiber layer 2 and a silicone rubber layer 3 bonded to each other. More preferably, the insulating composite according to the invention preferably has a three-layer structure. Fig. 2 shows an insulating composite 4 having a three-layer structure (silicone rubber layer 3/inorganic fiber layer 2/silicone rubber layer 3) according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the thermal insulation composite 4 includes three layers of structures that are laminated in sequence: silicone rubber layer 3/inorganic fiber layer 2/silicone rubber layer 3.
There is no particular limitation on a specific method of preparing the thermal insulation composite according to the present invention, as long as the specific structure defined above can be obtained. Preferably, the thermal insulation composite may be prepared by the following method. First, a silicone rubber precursor composition containing various raw materials was formulated. Then, the silicone rubber precursor composition is applied onto a release film (e.g., a fluorine film), wherein the coating thickness of the silicone rubber precursor composition is adjusted by adjusting the coating gap of a film coater. Subsequently, the release film with the silicone rubber precursor composition was laminated with an inorganic fiber layer to obtain a composite body in which the side of the release film with the silicone rubber precursor composition was in contact with the inorganic fiber layer. And after the composite body is heated and cured, removing the release film from the composite body, thereby obtaining the heat insulation composite material.
The following detailed description is intended to illustrate the disclosure by way of example and not by way of limitation.
Embodiment 1 is an insulating composite comprising:
a silicone rubber layer; and
and an inorganic fiber layer.
Embodiment 2 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 1, wherein the silicone rubber layer has a thickness in a range of 0.2mm to 5 mm.
Embodiment 3 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 1, wherein the silicone rubber layer is cured from a silicone rubber precursor composition comprising, based on 100 weight percent of the total weight:
35-70 wt% of a crosslinkable silicone oil;
1-10 wt% of a cross-linking agent;
10-50 wt% of a flame retardant; and
1-12 wt% of a water-loss endothermic filler.
Embodiment 4 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 3, wherein the crosslinkable silicone oil has a viscosity in a range of 100 to 10000 cSt.
Embodiment 5 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 3, wherein the cross-linkable silicone oil is a vinyl silicone oil.
Embodiment 6 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 3, wherein the cross-linking agent is hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
Embodiment 7 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 3, wherein the flame retardant is sodium silicate, zinc borate, or a mixture thereof.
Embodiment 8 is a thermal insulation composite as described in embodiment 3, wherein the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulfate, or mixtures thereof.
Embodiment 9 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 3, wherein the silicone rubber precursor composition comprises 4 to 10 weight percent of a water-loss endothermic filler.
Embodiment 10 is the thermal insulating composite of embodiment 3, wherein the silicone rubber precursor composition further comprises 0.1 to 10 wt% of a polymerization catalyst, the polymerization catalyst being a platinum-based catalyst or a peroxide catalyst.
Embodiment 11 is the thermal insulation composite of embodiment 3, wherein the silicone rubber precursor composition further comprises 1 to 10 wt.% of an inhibitor that is an alkynol inhibitor, a vinyl inhibitor, a cyclic double bond inhibitor, or a mixture thereof.
Embodiment 12 is the insulated composite of embodiment 1, wherein the inorganic fiber layer has a thickness in a range from 0.2mm to 3 mm.
Embodiment 13 is the insulated composite of embodiment 1, wherein the inorganic fibers in the inorganic fiber layer have an aspect ratio greater than 3: 1.
Embodiment 14 is a thermal insulating composite according to embodiment 13, wherein the inorganic fibers are selected from one or more of the group consisting of: refractory ceramic fibers, metal oxide fibers, biosoluble inorganic fibers, glass fibers, crystalline fibers, amorphous fibers, mineral fibers, carbide fibers, and nitride fibers.
Embodiment 15 is a thermal insulation composite as described in embodiment 1, wherein the inorganic fiber layer comprises, based on 100 weight percent of the total weight of the inorganic fiber layer:
1-15 wt% binder;
5-85% by weight of a water-loss endothermic filler; and
10-80% by weight of inorganic fibers.
Embodiment 16 is a thermal insulating composite according to embodiment 15, wherein the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from a metal hydroxide, a metal salt hydrate, or a mixture thereof.
Embodiment 17 is a thermal insulation composite as described in embodiment 15, wherein the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulfate, or mixtures thereof.
Embodiment 18 is an insulated composite of any one of embodiments 1-17, comprising a silicone rubber layer and an inorganic fiber layer attached to each other.
Embodiment 19 is a thermal insulation composite as described in any of embodiments 1-17, comprising an inorganic fiber layer and two silicone rubber layers on opposite sides of the inorganic fiber layer and bonded thereto.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the description and examples are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Examples
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, all reagents used were commercially available products and were used without further purification treatment. Further, the "parts" mentioned are "parts by weight".
Test method
Heat insulation test
The insulation composite materials prepared in the following examples and comparative examples were subjected to an insulation test. Specifically, a heating plate having a length of 1.75 inches and a width of 1.75 inches was taken and fixed vertically with respect to a horizontal plane, and its temperature was raised to a constant temperature of 600 ℃. The insulation composite prepared in the following examples and comparative examples were each used as a sample sheet (length 1.75 inches, width 1.75 inches, and specific thickness can be calculated from the data in table 2 below). The sample piece was positioned vertically with respect to the horizontal plane and one side of the sample piece was brought close to the heating plate so that there was a 0.039 inch gap between the sample piece and the heating plate. At 300 seconds, the temperature (in c) of the other side of the sample piece was measured and recorded. The thermal insulation properties of the sample sheet are considered to meet the requirements for thermal insulation in electric vehicle batteries if the measured temperature is less than or equal to 175 ℃.
Preparation example 1 (preparation of Silicone rubber precursor composition A)
Vinyl silicone oil (manufactured by AB Andisil company; viscosity 5000cSt) as a crosslinkable silicone oil, hydrogen-containing silicone oil (manufactured by AB Andisil company) as a crosslinking agent, Expantrol (which is an aqueous solution containing 73 wt% of sodium silicate, 17 wt% of zinc borate and 10 wt% of water) as a flame retardant, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol (manufactured by Macklin company) as an inhibitor, platinum catalyst (manufactured by Herasus company) as a polymerization catalyst, and aluminum hydroxide as a water-loss heat-absorbing filler were added to a stirring tank in accordance with the compounding ratios shown in the following Table 1 (based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the obtained silicone rubber precursor composition), the stirring pot was then set in a star stirrer (speed mixer), and mixed and stirred at 1900rpm for 3 minutes, thereby obtaining silicone rubber precursor composition a as a gum-like viscous substance.
Preparation examples 2 to 5 (preparation of Silicone rubber precursor compositions B to E)
Silicone rubber precursor compositions B to E were prepared in a similar manner to the method described in preparation example 1, except that the compounding ratios of the respective components were changed in accordance with the compounding ratios shown in table 1 below, to thereby obtain silicone rubber precursor compositions B to E as gum-like viscous substances.
TABLE 1 compounding ratio of Silicone rubber precursor compositions A-E in preparation examples 1-5 (based on the total weight of the resulting silicone rubber precursor composition taken as 100% by weight)
Figure BDA0002225302200000111
Preparation example 6 (preparation of inorganic fiber Mat with aluminum hydroxide Filler)
In the examples according to the invention inorganic fibre mats with aluminium hydroxide fillers were used, which were prepared in the following way. According to the wet papermaking process disclosed in US 6051193 and W02004061279a1, first, 7.5 wt% of alumina fiber (average diameter of 5.5um, manufactured by safil LDM company), 4.5 wt% of glass fiber (average diameter of 9.5um, manufactured by Microglass strand company), 8 wt% of acrylic glue (EAF-68, manufactured by wackerchemial company) and 80 wt% of aluminum hydroxide powder were mixed in a fan blade type stirring tank for 15 seconds. Spreading the mixed slurry on a filter screen belt of a papermaking process, filtering water, and drying by an oven to obtain the inorganic fiber pad with the aluminum hydroxide filler added with high aluminum hydroxide.
Example 1 (preparation of Heat-insulating composite A)
The silicone rubber precursor composition a prepared in the above preparation example 1 was applied onto the surface of a fluorine film (C50F 4 produced by tedesi) using a film coater, in which the coating thickness of the silicone rubber precursor composition a was adjusted by adjusting the coating gap of the film coater. Then, a fluorine film having a coating layer of the silicone rubber precursor composition a was laminated to one surface of an alkaline earth silicate fiber mat (10951A AES paper manufactured by TPF corporation) having a thickness of 0.6mm, one side of the fluorine film having the coating layer of the silicone rubber precursor composition a was in contact with the alkaline earth silicate fiber mat, to obtain a composite. The composite was placed in an oven at a temperature of 120 ℃ to cure for 10 minutes. Then, the fluorine film was removed from the composite body, thereby obtaining an insulating composite material a. The heat insulation composite material A comprises the following double-layer structure: 0.6cm alkaline earth silicate fiber mat (i)/0.6 cm silicone rubber layer A, wherein silicone rubber layer A is a silicone rubber layer obtained by curing silicone rubber precursor composition A.
The insulation composite a obtained in the above step was subjected to an insulation test as a sample sheet according to the insulation test method described specifically above. Specific results are shown in table 2 below.
Examples 2 to 7 and comparative example 1 (preparation of thermal insulation composites B to H)
Heat-insulating composite materials B to H having a two-layer or three-layer structure were prepared from each of the silicone rubber precursor compositions B to E obtained in the above preparation examples 2 to 5 and an alkaline earth silicate fiber mat (10951A AES paper produced by TPF corporation) or the inorganic fiber mat having an aluminum hydroxide filler prepared in the above preparation example 6, respectively, in a similar manner to the method described in the above example 1. Specific formulations and two-layer or three-layer structure configurations are shown in table 2 below.
The respective thermal insulation composites B to H obtained in the above steps were subjected to a thermal insulation test as sample pieces according to the thermal insulation test method described specifically above. Specific results are shown in table 2 below.
Comparative example 2
The insulation test was performed on an alkaline earth silicate fiber mat (10951 AAES paper manufactured by TPF corporation) having a thickness of 1.15mm according to the insulation test method described specifically above. Specific results are shown in table 2 below.
Comparative example 3
The inorganic fiber mat having the aluminum hydroxide filler prepared in the above preparation example 6, having a thickness of 1.3mm, was subjected to a heat insulation test according to the heat insulation test method described above in detail. Specific results are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 concrete constructions of thermal insulation composites A-H and thermal insulation materials I-J prepared in examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-2 and thermal insulation test results
Figure BDA0002225302200000131
From the results of examples 1 to 7 shown in the above table 2, it is understood that the heat insulating composite material having a two-layer structure (silicone rubber layer/inorganic fiber layer) or a three-layer structure (silicone rubber layer/inorganic fiber layer/silicone rubber layer) according to the aspect of the present invention has good heat insulating properties (less than 175 ℃).
By combining the results in tables 1 and 2 for comparison of example 2 with examples 5-7, it can be seen that the inclusion of a water-loss endothermic filler (e.g., aluminum hydroxide) in the silicone rubber precursor composition can significantly improve the thermal insulation properties of the thermal insulation composite. From the results of comparative example 1, it is known that when an excessive amount of water-loss heat-absorbing filler (for example, the content of aluminum hydroxide is more than 50% by weight) is contained in the silicone rubber precursor composition, the heat-insulating property of the heat-insulating composite is deteriorated.
The results of comparative examples 2 and 3 demonstrate that the technical requirements for thermal insulation in batteries for electric vehicles cannot be met when a single layer of inorganic fiber mat is used as the thermal insulation material.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed in the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (19)

1. An insulating composite, comprising:
a silicone rubber layer; and
and an inorganic fiber layer.
2. The insulated composite of claim 1, wherein the silicone rubber layer has a thickness in the range of 0.2mm to 5 mm.
3. The insulated composite of claim 1, wherein the silicone rubber layer is cured from a silicone rubber precursor composition comprising, based upon the total weight of the silicone rubber precursor composition taken as 100 wt%:
35-70 wt% of a crosslinkable silicone oil;
1-10 wt% of a cross-linking agent;
10-50 wt% of a flame retardant; and
1-12 wt% of a water-loss endothermic filler.
4. A thermal insulation composite as claimed in claim 3, wherein the viscosity of the cross-linkable silicone oil is in the range of 100 to 10000 cSt.
5. The insulating composite of claim 3, wherein the cross-linkable silicone oil is a vinyl silicone oil.
6. The insulating composite of claim 3, wherein the cross-linking agent is a hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
7. A thermal insulation composite as claimed in claim 3, wherein the flame retardant is sodium silicate, zinc borate or mixtures thereof.
8. A thermal insulation composite as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulphate or mixtures thereof.
9. The insulating composite of claim 3, wherein the silicone rubber precursor composition comprises 4 to 10 weight percent of a water-loss endothermic filler.
10. The insulating composite of claim 3, wherein the silicone rubber precursor composition further comprises 0.1 to 10 weight percent of a polymerization catalyst that is a platinum-based catalyst or a peroxide catalyst.
11. The insulated composite of claim 3, wherein the silicone rubber precursor composition further comprises 1 to 10 weight percent of an inhibitor that is an alkynol inhibitor, a vinyl inhibitor, a cyclic double bond inhibitor, or a mixture thereof.
12. The insulated composite of claim 1, wherein the inorganic fiber layer has a thickness in a range of 0.2mm to 3 mm.
13. The insulated composite of claim 1, wherein the inorganic fibers in the inorganic fiber layer have an aspect ratio greater than 3: 1.
14. The insulated composite of claim 13, wherein the inorganic fibers are selected from one or more of the group consisting of: refractory ceramic fibers, metal oxide fibers, biosoluble inorganic fibers, glass fibers, crystalline fibers, amorphous fibers, mineral fibers, carbide fibers, and nitride fibers.
15. The insulated composite of claim 1, wherein the inorganic fiber layer comprises, based on 100 weight percent of the total weight of the inorganic fiber layer:
1-15 wt% binder;
5-85% by weight of a water-loss endothermic filler; and
10-80% by weight of inorganic fibers.
16. The insulating composite of claim 15, wherein the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from a metal hydroxide, a metal salt hydrate, or mixtures thereof.
17. The insulating composite of claim 15, wherein the water-loss endothermic filler is selected from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated sodium sulfate, or mixtures thereof.
18. The insulated composite of any of the preceding claims 1-17, comprising a silicone rubber layer and an inorganic fiber layer bonded to each other.
19. The insulated composite of any of the preceding claims 1-17, comprising one inorganic fiber layer and two silicone rubber layers, the two silicone rubber layers being located on opposite sides of the inorganic fiber layer and conforming thereto, respectively.
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