CN110640108A - Preparation method and application of steel-aluminum conductive transition piece - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of steel-aluminum conductive transition piece Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece, belonging to the technical field of preparation of steel-aluminum conductive pieces.A pressure casting process is adopted, liquid aluminum is directly subjected to die assembly casting on a steel block, so that the liquid aluminum is always in a pressure state in the cooling and solidification process, and finally, the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece with a compact contact surface and high strength is formed; the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece prepared by the invention has compact copper-aluminum interface and good conductivity, solves the problem of transition piece heating, prolongs the service life, and reduces the direct current power consumption and the production cost of aluminum electrolysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of steel-aluminum conductive parts, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a steel-aluminum conductive transition part.
Background
In the production process of electrolytic aluminum, the performance and the service life of the electrode material have important influences on the stability of the electrolytic working condition and the production cost. The common conductive busbar is stainless steel. However, in practical application, it is impossible to directly bond aluminum to stainless steel, because the aluminum surface is easily oxidized in air, a dense oxide film is generated, the conductivity is affected, the resistance is increased, and in the case of a large current, according to joule's law W = I2Rt, the rigid aluminum bonding part generates heat seriously, and the more serious the heat generation, the more serious the oxidation process, and finally a vicious circle is formed, so that a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece needs to be prepared as an electrode material.
At present, the following methods are commonly used for preparing steel-aluminum conductive transition pieces in the electrolytic aluminum industry:
explosion welding: the explosion welding process is characterized in that a steel block with a smooth surface is tightly contacted with an aluminum block, a proper amount of explosive is filled in the middle of the steel block, the explosive is detonated to instantly generate high-temperature heat, the steel surface and the aluminum surface are melted, and the steel and the aluminum are in contact welding in an extrusion mode.
Flash butt welding: the flash butt welding principle is that steel plate and aluminum plate are melted rapidly under the action of strong current, and then the steel and the aluminum are melted together under the action of mechanical upsetting pressure.
Gravity casting: the gravity casting principle is that a steel block is placed in a mold, liquid aluminum is poured into the mold, and the aluminum wraps the steel block to form the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece. The reason is that the volume shrinkage is generated in the cooling and solidification process of the liquid aluminum, the steel-aluminum contact surface is layered to form a gap to influence the conductivity of the steel-aluminum contact surface, and then the conductive transition piece generates heat to influence the use.
Therefore, the steel-aluminum conductive piece with good conductivity, low production cost, simple production process and long service life needs to be invented in the aluminum electrolysis industry so as to prolong the service life of electrode materials, reduce the power consumption and production cost in the electrolysis process and eliminate potential safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a preparation method and application of a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece.
The preparation method of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece comprises the following steps:
a. processing a steel plate into a required steel block according to a related drawing, placing the processed steel block in an oil removing agent to be soaked for 5 ~ 10min, wiping the surface of the steel block clean, soaking the wiped steel block in hydrochloric acid for 1-2min, and fishing out and washing with water;
b. drying the washed steel block;
c. placing the dried steel block in a preset position in a die of a die casting machine, and closing the die;
d. putting aluminum into an aluminum melting furnace, hydraulically casting the aluminum into the die in the step c in an automatic die casting mode after the aluminum is melted, and opening the die after the aluminum liquid is cooled and solidified;
e. placing the preliminarily obtained copper-aluminum conductive piece in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating and preserving heat to fully diffuse interface steel and aluminum;
f. and taking out the steel-aluminum conductive piece after the heat treatment, and naturally cooling the steel-aluminum conductive piece to room temperature.
Further, the steel block is carbon steel or alloy steel.
Further, the aluminum is 1070-grade pure aluminum, and the chemical components of the aluminum are as follows:w(Al)≥99.7%，w(Si)≤0.20%，w(Fe)≤0.25%，w(Cu)=0.04%，w(Mn)=0.03%，w(Mg)=0.03%，w(Zn)=0.04%，w(Ti)=0.03%，w(V)=0.05%。
further, the hydrochloric acid is industrial grade hydrochloric acid, and the mass percentage content of the hydrochloric acid is 5 ~ 10% (calculated by HCl).
Further, the oil removing agent is a metal oil removing agent.
Furthermore, the drying mode in the step C is drying for 0.5 ~ 1h at 100 ~ 150 ℃ in a drying oven.
Further, the die casting process parameters of the step d are that the die casting temperature is 680 ~ 750 ℃, the pressure is 30 ~ 60MPa, the jet speed is 20 ~ 30m/s, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 ~ 20 s.
Furthermore, the vacuum heat treatment process in the step e is that the temperature is 520 ~ 630 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0 ~ 0.5Pa, and the heat preservation time is 3 ~ 10 h.
The invention relates to an application of a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece in electrolytic aluminum.
Further, in electrolytic aluminum applications, the conductivity of the steel aluminum conductive transition piece is more than 7.2 x 105m/(Ω·mm2)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the die casting process to prepare the steel-aluminum transition conductive piece, and has the advantages of good conductivity, high production efficiency, low production cost, stable transition piece quality and good appearance quality. The die-casting steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is always in a pressure state in the process of cooling, solidifying and shrinking the aluminum liquid, the layering phenomenon of the steel-aluminum transition surface caused by the solidification and shrinkage of the aluminum liquid is continuously compensated, the conductive performance of the transition piece is effectively improved, compared with gravity casting, the conductivity of the transition piece is improved by more than 30%, in addition, the die-casting production efficiency is high, and the metal loss phenomenon is hardly generated in the production process, so the production cost is low. In addition, the die-casting steel-aluminum transition conductive piece has a tight steel-aluminum contact surface, and smoke cannot enter the steel-aluminum contact surface in the aluminum electrolysis process, so that the service life of the die-casting steel-aluminum transition conductive piece is effectively prolonged, the heating phenomenon in the electrolysis process is reduced, and the power consumption and the production cost of aluminum electrolysis are reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a. processing a steel plate into a required steel block according to a related drawing, placing the processed steel block in an oil removing agent to be soaked for 5 ~ 10min, wiping the surface of the steel block clean, soaking the wiped steel block in hydrochloric acid for 1-2min, and fishing out and washing with water;
b. drying the washed steel block;
c. placing the dried steel block in a preset position in a die of a die casting machine, and closing the die;
d. putting aluminum into an aluminum melting furnace, hydraulically casting the aluminum into the die in the step c in an automatic die casting mode after the aluminum is melted, and opening the die after the aluminum liquid is cooled and solidified;
e. placing the preliminarily obtained copper-aluminum conductive piece in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating and preserving heat to fully diffuse interface steel and aluminum;
f. and taking out the steel-aluminum conductive piece after the heat treatment, and naturally cooling the steel-aluminum conductive piece to room temperature.
In the step a, the steel block is carbon steel or alloy steel.
In the step d, the aluminum is 1070-grade pure aluminum and comprises the following chemical components:w(Al)≥99.7%，w(Si)≤0.20%，w(Fe)≤0.25%，w(Cu)=0.04%，w(Mn)=0.03%，w(Mg)=0.03%，w(Zn)=0.04%，w(Ti)=0.03%，w(V)=0.05%。
the hydrochloric acid in the step a is industrial grade hydrochloric acid, and the mass percentage content is 5 ~ 10% (calculated by HCl).
The degreasing agent used in the step a is a metal degreasing agent.
The drying mode in the step c is drying for 0.5 ~ 1h at 100 ~ 150 ℃ in a drying oven.
The die casting process parameters of the step d are that the die casting temperature is 680 ~ 750 ℃, the pressure is 30 ~ 60MPa, the jet speed is 20 ~ 30m/s, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 ~ 20 s.
The vacuum heat treatment process in the step e is that the temperature is 520 ~ 630 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0 ~ 0.5Pa, and the heat preservation time is 3 ~ 10 h.
It should beThe use refers to the application of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece in electrolytic aluminum, and the conductivity of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is more than 7.2 to 10 in the use of the electrolytic aluminum5m/(Ω·mm2)。
Example 1
The steel-aluminum conductive transition piece for electrolytic aluminum electrolysis is prepared by the following steps:
a. processing a carbon steel plate into a steel block with a required size according to a relevant drawing, placing the processed steel block in an industrial degreasing agent purchased in the market for soaking for 5 ~ 10min, wiping the surface of the steel block clean, soaking the wiped steel block in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5 ~ 10% (mass percent, calculated as HCl) for 1-2min, and finally fishing out and washing with clean water;
b. putting the washed steel block into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 100 ~ 150 ℃ for 0.5 ~ 1 h;
c. placing the dried steel block in a preset position in a die of a die casting machine;
d. putting aluminum into an aluminum melting furnace, casting aluminum liquid into the die in the step c after the aluminum is melted, die-casting the aluminum liquid by adopting an automatic die-casting process, wherein the die-casting temperature is 680 ~ 710 ℃, the pressure is 30 ~ 40MPa, the jet flow speed is 20 ~ 30m/s, the pressure maintaining time is 10 ~ 20s, and the die is opened after the aluminum liquid is cooled and solidified to obtain the primary steel-aluminum conductive piece with the appearance size meeting the requirement;
e. placing the preliminarily obtained copper-aluminum conductive piece in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating and preserving heat at 520 ~ 550 ℃, the vacuum degree of 0.1Pa and the heat preservation time of 3h to fully diffuse interface steel and aluminum;
f. and naturally cooling to room temperature after vacuum heat treatment to obtain the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece.
The detection proves that the strength of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is 360 MPa.
The aluminum used in this example is 1070 grade pure aluminum, which comprises the following main chemical components:w(Al)≥99.7%，w(Si)≤0.20%，w(Fe)≤0.25%，w(Cu)=0.04%，w(Mn)=0.03%，w(Mg)=0.03%，w(Zn)=0.04%，w(Ti)=0.03%，w(V)=0.05%。
example 2
The steel-aluminum conductive transition piece for electrolytic aluminum electrolysis is prepared by the following steps:
a. processing a carbon steel plate into a steel block with a required size according to a relevant drawing, placing the processed steel block in an industrial degreasing agent purchased in the market for soaking for 5 ~ 10min, wiping the surface of the steel block clean, soaking the wiped steel block in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5 ~ 10% (mass percent, calculated as HCl) for 1-2min, and finally fishing out and washing with clean water;
b. putting the washed steel block into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 100 ~ 150 ℃ for 0.5 ~ 1 h;
c. placing the dried steel block in a preset position in a die of a die casting machine;
d. putting aluminum into an aluminum melting furnace, casting aluminum liquid into the die in the step c after the aluminum is melted, die-casting the aluminum liquid by adopting an automatic die-casting process, wherein the die-casting temperature is 700 ~ 720 ℃, the pressure is 40 ~ 50MPa, the jet flow speed is 20 ~ 30m/s, the pressure maintaining time is 10 ~ 20s, and the die is opened after the aluminum liquid is cooled and solidified to obtain the primary steel-aluminum conductive piece with the appearance size meeting the requirement;
e. placing the preliminarily obtained copper-aluminum conductive piece in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating and preserving heat at 600 ~ 620 ℃, the vacuum degree of 0.5Pa and the heat preservation time of 5h to fully diffuse interface steel and aluminum;
f. and naturally cooling to room temperature after vacuum heat treatment to obtain the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece.
The detection proves that the strength of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is 360 MPa.
The aluminum used in this example is 1070 grade pure aluminum, which comprises the following main chemical components:w(Al)≥99.7%，w(Si)≤0.20%，w(Fe)≤0.25%，w(Cu)=0.04%，w(Mn)=0.03%，w(Mg)=0.03%，w(Zn)=0.04%，w(Ti)=0.03%，w(V)=0.05%。
example 3
The steel-aluminum conductive transition piece for electrolytic aluminum electrolysis is prepared by the following steps:
a. processing an alloy steel plate into a steel block with a required size according to a relevant drawing, placing the processed steel block in an industrial degreasing agent purchased in the market for soaking for 5 ~ 10min, wiping the surface of the steel block clean, soaking the steel block cleaned in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5 ~ 10% (mass percent, calculated as HCl) for 1-2min, and finally fishing out and washing with clear water;
b. putting the washed steel block into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 100 ~ 150 ℃ for 0.5 ~ 1 h;
c. placing the dried steel block in a preset position in a die of a die casting machine;
d. putting aluminum into an aluminum melting furnace, casting aluminum liquid into the die in the step c after the aluminum is melted, die-casting the aluminum liquid by adopting an automatic die-casting process, wherein the die-casting temperature is 740 ~ 750 ℃, the pressure is 50 ~ 60MPa, the jet flow speed is 20 ~ 30m/s, the pressure maintaining time is 10 ~ 20s, and the die is opened after the aluminum liquid is cooled and solidified to obtain the primary steel-aluminum conductive piece with the appearance size meeting the requirement;
e. placing the preliminarily obtained copper-aluminum conductive piece in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating and preserving heat at 580 ~ 600 ℃, the vacuum degree of 0.3Pa and the heat preservation time of 7h to fully diffuse interface steel and aluminum;
f. and naturally cooling to room temperature after vacuum heat treatment to obtain the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece.
The detection proves that the strength of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is 360 MPa.
The aluminum used in this example is 1070 grade pure aluminum, which comprises the following main chemical components:w(Al)≥99.7%，w(Si)≤0.20%，w(Fe)≤0.25%，w(Cu)=0.04%，w(Mn)=0.03%，w(Mg)=0.03%，w(Zn)=0.04%，w(Ti)=0.03%，w(V)=0.05%。
example 4
The steel-aluminum conductive transition piece for electrolytic aluminum electrolysis is prepared by the following steps:
a. processing an alloy steel plate into a steel block with a required size according to a relevant drawing, placing the processed steel block in an industrial degreasing agent purchased in the market for soaking for 5 ~ 10min, wiping the surface of the steel block clean, soaking the steel block cleaned in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5 ~ 10% (mass percent, calculated as HCl) for 1-2min, and finally fishing out and washing with clear water;
b. putting the washed steel block into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 100 ~ 150 ℃ for 0.5 ~ 1 h;
c. placing the dried steel block in a preset position in a die of a die casting machine;
d. putting aluminum into an aluminum melting furnace, casting aluminum liquid into the die in the step c after the aluminum is melted, die-casting the aluminum liquid by adopting an automatic die-casting process, wherein the die-casting temperature is 720 ~ 740 ℃, the pressure is 30 ~ 40MPa, the jet flow speed is 20 ~ 30m/s, the pressure maintaining time is 10 ~ 20s, and the die is opened after the aluminum liquid is cooled and solidified to obtain the primary steel-aluminum conductive piece with the appearance size meeting the requirement;
e. placing the preliminarily obtained copper-aluminum conductive piece in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating and preserving heat at 580 ~ 600 ℃, the vacuum degree of 0.5Pa and the heat preservation time of 10h to fully diffuse interface steel and aluminum;
f. and naturally cooling to room temperature after vacuum heat treatment to obtain the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece.
The detection proves that the strength of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is 360 MPa.
The aluminum used in this example is 1070 grade pure aluminum, which comprises the following main chemical components:w(Al)≥99.7%，w(Si)≤0.20%，w(Fe)≤0.25%，w(Cu)=0.04%，w(Mn)=0.03%，w(Mg)=0.03%，w(Zn)=0.04%，w(Ti)=0.03%，w(V)=0.05%。
application test:
comparative tests were carried out on the steel-aluminum conductive transition pieces obtained in examples 1 to 4 and the steel-aluminum conductive transition pieces obtained by explosion welding, gravity casting, flash butt welding:
the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece prepared in the above embodiment is applied to an electrolytic anode in the aluminum electrolysis industry, the size of the anode is 4400 mm/1650, and the current density is 0.84A/cm2The electrolysis was carried out under the conditions, and the data of the conductivity, the thickness loss after 10 days of use, the direct current consumption, etc. were measured as shown in the following table:
finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method and application of a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece are characterized in that: the preparation method of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece comprises the following steps:
a. processing a steel plate into a required steel block according to a related drawing, placing the processed steel block in an oil removing agent to be soaked for 5 ~ 10min, wiping the surface of the steel block clean, soaking the wiped steel block in hydrochloric acid for 1-2min, and fishing out and washing with water;
b. drying the washed steel block;
c. placing the dried steel block in a preset position in a die of a die casting machine, and closing the die;
d. putting aluminum into an aluminum melting furnace, hydraulically casting the aluminum into the die in the step c in an automatic die casting mode after the aluminum is melted, and opening the die after the aluminum liquid is cooled and solidified;
e. placing the preliminarily obtained copper-aluminum conductive piece in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating and preserving heat to fully diffuse interface steel and aluminum;
f. and taking out the steel-aluminum conductive piece after the heat treatment, and naturally cooling the steel-aluminum conductive piece to room temperature.
2. The method for preparing a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein: the steel block is carbon steel or alloy steel.
3. The method for preparing a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein: the aluminum is 1070-grade pure aluminum and comprises the following chemical components:w(Al)≥99.7%，w(Si)≤0.20%，w(Fe)≤0.25%，w(Cu)=0.04%，w(Mn)=0.03%，w(Mg)=0.03%，w(Zn)=0.04%，w(Ti)=0.03%，w(V)=0.05%。
4. the method for preparing the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein the hydrochloric acid is industrial-grade hydrochloric acid, and the mass percentage of the hydrochloric acid is 5 ~ 10% (calculated by HCl).
5. The method for preparing a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein: the oil removing agent is a metal oil removing agent.
6. The method for preparing the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein the drying manner in the step C is drying at 100 ~ 150 ℃ for 0.5 ~ 1h in a drying oven.
7. The method for preparing the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein the die casting process parameters in the step d are that the die casting temperature is 680 ~ 750 ℃, the pressure is 30 ~ 60MPa, the jet velocity is 20 ~ 30m/s, and the dwell time is 10 ~ 20 s.
8. The method for preparing the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment process in the step e is that the temperature is 520 ~ 630 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0 ~ 0.5.5 Pa, and the heat preservation time is 3 ~ 10 h.
9. The use of a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein: the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is applied to electrolytic aluminum.
10. The use of a steel-aluminum conductive transition piece according to claim 1, wherein: the conductivity of the steel-aluminum conductive transition piece is more than 7.2 x 10 in the application of electrolytic aluminum5m/(Ω·mm2)。
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| CN111945189A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-11-17 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | Lap joint type copper-aluminum integrated beam for zinc electrodeposition and preparation method thereof |
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