CN110632481A - 一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法 - Google Patents

一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法 Download PDF

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CN110632481A
CN110632481A CN201911062596.7A CN201911062596A CN110632481A CN 110632481 A CN110632481 A CN 110632481A CN 201911062596 A CN201911062596 A CN 201911062596A CN 110632481 A CN110632481 A CN 110632481A
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郭蕾
余洋
张靖康
杨涵
曹伟东
邢立勐
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法，包括步骤：利用振荡波装置测试电缆入射波、反射波电压，判断是否存在缺陷；评估电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度。本发明的有益效果在于，1、本发明可高效、准确、方便地对城市配电网用中压电力电缆本体缺陷单独进行测评，避免因电缆缺陷的进一步扩大而导致的电缆击穿问题，实现电缆的可靠运行。2、本发明能够通过在现场的测试与分析，并为现场人员进一步探究电缆本体内部绝缘缺陷情况提供依据。

Description

一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆本体故障测评领域，特别是一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法。
背景技术
随着近些年来供电水平要求的提高，供电单位在持续不断地改善配网设备的检测方法，已经从以往故障发生前地巡检和故障发生后地抢修，逐渐转变为对于电力设备的状态监测，提前发现电力设备的潜在缺陷，以保障配网的安全可靠运行。电力电缆用于传输和分配电能，因其敷设方便、占地面积小、可靠性高等优点被广泛应用于电力系统中，是电力系统中极为重要的组成部分。阻尼振荡电压与交流电压具有良好的等效性，且与交流电压、超低频电压相比，作用时间短、操作方便、便于携带运输，试验时不会对电缆造成损伤。
目前，对中压电缆的局部放电情况进行精确的检测和定位,一般采用已在电网中被广泛认可的电缆振荡波局部放电检测技术。虽然电缆振荡波局部放电检测技术能够测试并定位局部放电位置，但不能判断缺陷程度的大小，致使测试人员无法对电缆缺陷故障进行准确的判断以及后续的处理。因此，研究电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法，对于保障电力电缆的运行可靠性具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下：
一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法，包括
步骤一：利用振荡波装置测试电缆入射波、反射波电压，判断是否存在缺陷，包括
1.1启动振荡波装置测试电缆n次，记录每次测试的入射波、反射波电压，分别记为u1i、u2i；
计算电压差量Δu和波形参量Δδi，
Figure BDA0002258430280000012
其中，t1i、t2i为振荡波装置测试的入射波、反射波电压对应的时刻，α为电缆的衰减常数，v为信号在电缆中的传播速度；
1.2判断电缆本体是否存在绝缘缺陷：若Δu＜0或所有Δδi＜0，则待测电缆不存在缺陷；
若Δu＞0且所有Δδi＞0，则待测电缆存在缺陷，进入下一步；
步骤二：评估电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度，包括
2.1利用振荡波装置测试电缆脉冲波形，启动振荡波装置，测量1次得到入射波、反射波电压u1、u2，并在入射波、反射波对应时刻t1、t2的±N·Δt处的点为测试点，取N＝0,1,2,3，
Figure BDA0002258430280000021
fs为振荡波装置数据采集系统的采样率，在t1、t2左右分别3个测试点，包含t1、t2处的点，共计得到7个测试点(t1k，u1k)、(t2k，u2k)，k＝1,…,7；
对测试点进行曲线重构，
Figure BDA0002258430280000022
Figure BDA0002258430280000023
重构的电压波形u(t)为：
u(t)＝q1·t3+q2·t2+q3·t+q4 (5)
2.2计算缺陷程度评估常数λ，
根据λ评估电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明可高效、准确、方便地对城市配电网用中压电力电缆本体缺陷单独进行测评，避免因电缆缺陷的进一步扩大而导致的电缆击穿问题，实现电缆的可靠运行。
2、本发明能够通过在现场的测试与分析，并为现场人员进一步探究电缆本体内部绝缘缺陷情况提供依据。
附图说明
图1为本发明通过振荡波装置进行测试示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1，振荡波装置(1)通过低压测试线(2)连接至终端接地端子(3)上，高压测试线(4)连接至电缆线芯(5)上，并在电缆线芯(5)上套上螺栓(6)防止高压测试线(4)脱落，振荡波装置(1)与计算机终端(7)间进行数据传输，缺陷点(8)在电缆本体的任意位置处。
启动振荡波装置(1)并打开计算机终端(7)，持续监测振荡波装置(1)的数据测试情况，计算机终端(7)每次测试记录并存储一次数据。每次测试得到的入射波、反射波电压分别记为u1i、u2i。利用所监测到的波形数据计算判断电缆是否存在缺陷的电压差量Δu和波形参量Δδi，如下：
Figure BDA0002258430280000032
式中，n为总的测试次数，u1i、u2i为振荡波装置测试的入射波、反射波电压，α为依据电缆决定的常数，v为信号在电缆中的传播速度。
若Δu＜0或所有Δδi＜0，则可认为待测电缆不存在缺陷；若Δu＞0且所有Δδi＞0，则可认为待测电缆存在缺陷，需进入下一步，对电缆缺陷程度进行判断。
通过以下步骤进行判断：
利用振荡波装置测试电缆脉冲波形，启动振荡波装置，测量1次得到入射波、反射波电压u1、u2，并在入射波、反射波对应时刻t1、t2的±N·Δt处的点为测试点，取N＝0,1,2,3，
Figure BDA0002258430280000033
fs为振荡波装置数据采集系统的采样率，在t1、t2左右分别3个测试点，包含t1、t2处的点，共计得到7个测试点(t1k，u1k)、(t2k，u2k)，k＝1,…,7；
对测试点进行曲线重构，
Figure BDA0002258430280000041
Figure BDA0002258430280000042
重构的电压波形u(t)为：
u(t)＝q1·t3+q2·t2+q3·t+q4 (5)
计算缺陷程度评估常数λ，评估电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度：
Figure BDA0002258430280000043
当0＜λ＜1时，电缆本体缺陷程度为轻度，需进行持续监测，若有λ变大趋势，则需进行处理；
当1≤λ＜4时，电缆本体缺陷程度为严重，需及时进行检测处理。

Claims (1)

1.一种中压电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度识别方法，其特征在于，包括
步骤一：利用振荡波装置测试电缆入射波、反射波电压，判断是否存在缺陷，包括
1.1启动振荡波装置测试电缆n次，记录每次测试的入射波、反射波电压，分别记为u1i、u2i；计算电压差量Δu和波形参量Δδi，
Figure FDA0002258430270000012
其中，t1i、t2i为振荡波装置测试的入射波、反射波电压对应的时刻，α为电缆的衰减常数，v为信号在电缆中的传播速度；
1.2判断电缆本体是否存在绝缘缺陷：若Δu＜0或所有Δδi＜0，则待测电缆不存在缺陷；若Δu＞0且所有Δδi＞0，则待测电缆存在缺陷，进入下一步；
步骤二：评估电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度，包括
2.1利用振荡波装置测试电缆脉冲波形，启动振荡波装置，测量1次得到入射波、反射波电压u1、u2，并在入射波、反射波对应时刻t1、t2的±N·Δt处的点为测试点，取N＝0,1,2,3，
Figure FDA0002258430270000013
fs为振荡波装置数据采集系统的采样率，在t1、t2左右分别3个测试点，包含t1、t2处的点，共计得到7个测试点(t1k，u1k)、(t2k，u2k)，k＝1,…,7；
对测试点进行曲线重构，
Figure FDA0002258430270000015
重构的电压波形u(t)为：
u(t)＝q1·t3+q2·t2+q3·t+q4 (5)
2.2计算缺陷程度评估常数λ，
Figure FDA0002258430270000021
根据λ评估电缆本体绝缘缺陷程度。
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