CN110631974A - High-frequency measuring device and method for dry settling flux of atmospheric particulate matters - Google Patents
High-frequency measuring device and method for dry settling flux of atmospheric particulate matters Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-frequency measuring device and method for dry settling flux of atmospheric particulates, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises an ultrasonic anemoscope, a particulate matter cutter, a first air pump, a first three-way valve, a first sample acquisition unit, a second air pump, a third air pump, a particulate matter online analysis instrument and an electric control device; the first sample acquisition unit comprises a second three-way valve, a first sampling pipeline, a second sampling pipeline, a first switch, a second switch and a first four-way valve; the second sample collection unit comprises a third three-way valve, a third sampling pipeline, a fourth sampling pipeline, a third switch, a fourth switch and a second four-way valve. Has the advantages that: the error caused by the collection of the sample to the off-line analysis is reduced, and the dry settlement flux measurement result is more accurate. The invention has two sets of sampling systems which run alternately, thus ensuring the lossless and continuous sampling of samples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research and treatment of atmospheric particulate pollution causes, and particularly relates to a high-frequency measurement device and method for dry settlement flux of atmospheric particulate.
Background
The atmospheric particulates are one of the main pollutants in the atmosphere and are small particles with nanometer to micrometer scale, which are formed by gathering a plurality of pollutants in solid and liquid states. High concentrations of fine aerosol particles not only reduce atmospheric visibility and affect traffic safety, but have also been reported to be associated with increasing lethality year by year, especially in densely populated areas such as urban surrounding areas. Dry settling is the primary means by which particulate matter is removed from the atmosphere, and therefore measuring dry settling flux and rate helps to analyze the life of the particulate matter in the atmosphere and the chemical reactions that it participates in, providing important information for the control of particulate matter contamination.
Methods for directly measuring dry sedimentation flux can be classified into surface analysis methods and microclimate methods. And collecting and reducing dust through natural or artificial substitute surfaces by a surface analysis method, taking back for analysis after a certain time, and finally calculating to obtain dry settlement flux. The surface analysis method is approved and applied to a certain extent due to simplicity and low cost, but the method has long sampling and analysis period, chemical components can change in the process, and the particle loss and recovery rate caused by the rebound effect on the substitute surface are low, so that the method has larger system error. In contrast, the microclimate method observes the flux in a relatively more direct manner, the result is relatively more accurate, and the most important is the vorticity covariance method, namely, the particle mass spectrometer measures the concentration of a target substance at a high frequency (5-20Hz), and the co-frequency ultrasonic anemometer is matched to calculate the covariance of the concentration fluctuation of the chemical components of the particles and the vertical wind speed fluctuation, so that the substance exchange flux between the atmosphere and the underlying surface is obtained. This method requires that the measurement speed of the physical quantity be fast enough to capture as much as possible all the turbulent eddies carrying the flux. However, due to the high requirements of the method on the response time, sensitivity and resolution of the instrument, the problems such as data acquisition, data quality control, data difference compensation and calculation result correction still exist in the actual observation and data processing process. Particularly, the dry settlement flux measured by the particle mass spectrometer in combination with the vorticity covariance method is not popularized and applied due to the facts that the aerosol mass spectrometer is too high in manufacturing cost, difficult to adapt to long-term external field observation, and needs experienced professional talents for operation maintenance and data processing.
The relaxation vorticity accumulation method of lower frequency is derived by the vorticity covariance method. The method uses an ultrasonic anemometer operating at 10Hz to determine the wind speed and direction, and when the upward wind speed exceeds the upper boundary of the stagnation bandwidth, the sampling system collects the sample on a sampling membrane. Conversely, when the downward wind speed exceeds the lower boundary of the stagnation bandwidth, the sampling system collects a sample onto another sampling membrane. After sampling, analyzing the particulate matters on the sampling membrane, and further calculating the difference between the upward and downward sample concentrations to obtain the dry settlement flux, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
F＝bδw(cup-cdown)
in the formula: b is an experimental coefficient and is determined by the probability distribution of the vertical wind speed w, the stagnation bandwidth and the sampling height; deltawIs the standard deviation of the vertical wind speed w; c. Cup、cdownRespectively, the up and down sample concentrations collected by the system.
At present, the relaxation vorticity accumulation method is mainly combined with a particulate matter off-line analysis method, and still has the defects of long analysis period, variable chemical components and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-frequency measuring device and method for the dry settling flux of atmospheric particulates, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a high-frequency measuring device for dry settling flux of atmospheric particulates, which comprises: the device comprises an ultrasonic anemoscope (1), a particulate cutter (2), a first air pump (3), a first three-way valve (4), a first sample collection unit, a second air pump (9), a third air pump (10), a particulate online analysis instrument and an electric control device; the first sample collecting unit comprises a second three-way valve (5.1), a first sampling pipeline (6.1), a second sampling pipeline (6.2), a first switch (7.1), a second switch (7.2) and a first four-way valve (8.1); the second sample collection unit comprises a third three-way valve (5.2), a third sampling pipeline (6.3), a fourth sampling pipeline (6.4), a third switch (7.3), a fourth switch (7.4) and a second four-way valve (8.2);
the ultrasonic anemometer (1) is fixedly installed; the pipe orifice of the air inlet pipe of the particulate matter cutter (2) is equal in height to the central position of the ultrasonic anemoscope (1); the outlet end of the particulate matter cutter (2) is communicated with the inlet end of the first air suction pump (3); the outlet end of the first air pump (3) is communicated with the inlet end of the first three-way valve (4); a first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is connected with the first sample collecting unit; the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is connected with the second sample collection unit;
specifically, a first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with an inlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1); a first outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) is communicated with an inlet end of the first sampling pipeline (6.1), and the tail end of the first sampling pipeline (6.1) is provided with the first switch (7.1); a second outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) is communicated with an inlet end of the second sampling pipeline (6.2), and the tail end of the second sampling pipeline (6.2) is provided with the second switch (7.2); the first switch (7.1) is connected to a first inlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1); the second switch (7.2) is connected to the second inlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1); the first outlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1) is communicated with the second air pump (9); the second outlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1) is communicated with the third air pump (10) through an air pumping pipeline (12); the online particulate matter analysis instrument is arranged on the air suction pipeline (12);
the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with the inlet end of the third three-way valve (5.2); a first outlet end of the third three-way valve (5.2) is communicated with an inlet end of the third sampling pipeline (6.3), and a third switch (7.3) is installed at the tail end of the third sampling pipeline (6.3); a second outlet end of the third three-way valve (5.2) is communicated with an inlet end of the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4), and the tail end of the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is provided with the fourth switch (7.4); the third switch (7.3) is connected to the first inlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2); the fourth switch (7.4) is connected to the second inlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2); the first outlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2) is communicated with the second air pump (9); a second outlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2) is communicated with the third air pump (10) through an air pumping pipeline (12); the online particulate matter analysis instrument is arranged on the air suction pipeline (12);
the electric control device is electrically connected with the ultrasonic anemoscope (1), the first air pump (3), the second air pump (9), the third air pump (10), the first three-way valve (4), the second three-way valve (5.1), the third three-way valve (5.2), the first switch (7.1), the second switch (7.2), the third switch (7.3), the fourth switch (7.4), the first four-way valve (8.1) and the second four-way valve (8.2) respectively.
Preferably, the horizontal distance between the nozzle of the air inlet pipe of the particle cutter (2) and the ultrasonic anemometer (1) is less than 50 cm.
Preferably, the on-line particulate matter analysis instrument is a particulate matter chemical composition monitor (11.1) and a particulate matter particle size analyzer (11.2).
The invention also provides a measuring method of the high-frequency measuring device for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting real-time wind speed and wind direction by an electric control device through an ultrasonic anemometer (1);
under the action of a first air pump (3), an atmospheric sample firstly enters a particle cutter (2), and the atmospheric sample is filtered by the particle cutter (2) to filter particles with the particle size of more than 2.5 microns; the filtered gas reaches the inlet of the first three-way valve (4);
step 2, the electric control device carries out alternate switching control on the first three-way valve (4) and conducts an inlet of the first three-way valve (4) and a first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4); or the inlet of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4);
step 3, at the current moment, when the inlet of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with the first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4), the first sample collection unit carries out a sampling process, and meanwhile, a collected sample in the second sample collection unit carries out a sample analysis process through a particulate matter online analysis instrument;
step 3A, the first sample acquisition unit performs a sampling process, which includes:
when the first sample acquisition unit is in a sampling process, the first switch (7.1) and the second switch (7.2) are always in an off state;
after the atmospheric sample flows into the inlet of the second three-way valve (5.1), the electric control device switches and controls the second three-way valve (5.1) according to the current real-time wind direction measured by the ultrasonic anemoscope (1), specifically, if the current real-time wind direction is vertical wind direction upward, the electric control device conducts the inlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) and the first outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1), and the atmospheric sample enters the first sampling pipeline (6.1); if the current real-time wind direction is vertical to the wind direction downwards, the electric control device conducts the inlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) and the second outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1), and the atmospheric sample enters the second sampling pipeline (6.2);
thereby realizing the effect that the atmospheric sample is accumulated in the first sampling pipeline (6.1) and the second sampling pipeline (6.2); in the state, the first switch (7.1) and the second switch (7.2) are always in a closed state, so that the second air pump (9) and the third air pump (10) cannot interfere with gas in a sampling pipeline, and the first four-way valve (8.1) can be in any state;
and 3B, carrying out a sample analysis process on the collected sample in the second sample collection unit through a particulate matter online analysis instrument, wherein the sample analysis process comprises the following steps:
step 3B-1, the third sampling pipe (6.3) is in an analysis state, while the fourth sampling pipe (6.4) is in a waiting state:
because the inlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is not communicated with the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4), no air flow flows into the third three-way valve (5.2), namely the inlet end is closed, and therefore the third three-way valve (5.2) is in any communication state;
firstly, the fourth switch (7.4) maintains a closed state, the third switch (7.3) is opened, and meanwhile, the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, so that the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched to enable the third sampling pipeline (6.3) to be communicated to the third air pump (10);
at the same time, the atmospheric sample accumulated in the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is pumped away by the third air pump (10), and meanwhile, part of the sample is pumped away by a particulate matter online analysis instrument connected to the air pumping pipeline (12) to carry out atmospheric sample analysis and detection;
when the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is in the analysis state, the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is in the waiting state because the fourth switch (7.4) maintains the closing state;
step 3B-2, the third sampling pipe (6.3) is in an empty state, while the fourth sampling pipe (6.4) is in an analysis state:
after the analysis of the sample in the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is finished, the third switch (7.3) is kept in an open state, the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched to connect the third sampling pipeline (6.3) to the second air pump (9), and the second air pump (9) pumps residual gas and particles in the third sampling pipeline (6.3) away to empty the pipeline;
when the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, the fourth switch (7.4) is turned on, at the moment, the second four-way valve (8.2) simultaneously connects the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) to the third air suction pump (10), and when the atmospheric sample in the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is sucked away, part of the sample is sucked away by a particulate matter online analysis instrument connected to the air suction pipeline (12) to carry out analysis and detection on the atmospheric sample;
step 3B-3, the third sampling pipe (6.3) is in a waiting sampling state, while the fourth sampling pipe (6.4) is in an emptying state:
after the sample in the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is analyzed, the fourth switch (7.4) is kept open; switching control is carried out on the second four-way valve (8.2), the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched to connect the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) to the second air pump (9), and the second air pump (9) pumps residual gas and particles in the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) away to empty the pipeline;
when the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, the third switch (7.3) is closed, the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is closed, and the sampling process of the next period is waited to enter;
after the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is emptied, the fourth switch (7.4) is closed, and the sampling process of the next period is waited to enter;
step 4, when the next period is reached, controlling the first three-way valve (4) to enable an inlet of the first three-way valve (4) to be communicated with a second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4), wherein in the period, the second sample collection unit carries out a sampling process, and meanwhile, a collected sample in the first sample collection unit carries out a sample analysis process through a particulate matter online analysis instrument;
if the first sample collecting unit and the second sample collecting unit are continuously and alternately sampled and analyzed, the high-frequency measurement and analysis of the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulate matters are realized.
The high-frequency measuring device and method for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the high-frequency measurement device and method for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates combine a relaxation vorticity accumulation method and a particulate online analysis method, and perform online rapid measurement on a particulate sample collected by the relaxation vorticity accumulation method, so that the measurement frequency is greatly accelerated, errors caused by the sample from collection to offline analysis are reduced, and the dry settling flux measurement result is more accurate.
(2) The invention has two sets of sampling systems which run alternately, thus ensuring the lossless and continuous sampling of samples.
(3) The high-frequency measurement device and method for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulate can be simultaneously combined with various particulate on-line analysis methods, such as the particulate component analysis mass spectrometer, the particulate particle size analyzer and the like, so that multi-dimensional dry settling flux information of the particulate can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-frequency measurement device for the dry settling flux of atmospheric particulates provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a high-frequency measurement device and method for dry settlement flux of atmospheric particulates, which can be briefly summarized as the combination of a relaxation vorticity accumulation method and a particulate matter on-line measurement method, and realize the uninterrupted synchronous operation of sample collection and analysis.
The specific implementation is carried out by the following device, which can be mainly divided into two parts, namely a mechanical part and an electric control device, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the mechanical part is shown in figure 1.
The high-frequency measuring device for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates comprises: the device comprises an ultrasonic anemoscope 1, a particulate matter cutter 2, a first air pump 3, a first three-way valve 4, a first sample acquisition unit, a second air pump 9, a third air pump 10, a particulate matter online analysis instrument and an electric control device; the first sample acquisition unit comprises a second three-way valve 5.1, a first sampling pipeline 6.1, a second sampling pipeline 6.2, a first switch 7.1, a second switch 7.2 and a first four-way valve 8.1; the second sample collection unit comprises a third three-way valve 5.2, a third sampling pipeline 6.3, a fourth sampling pipeline 6.4, a third switch 7.3, a fourth switch 7.4 and a second four-way valve 8.2;
an ultrasonic anemometer 1 is arranged at a certain height from the ground, the three-dimensional wind speed is measured at the frequency of 1-10Hz, and the wind speed vertical to the ground direction is transmitted into a data reading module in the electric control device in real time.
The pipe orifice of the air inlet pipe of the particulate matter cutter 2 is equal in height to the central position of the ultrasonic anemoscope 1; the horizontal distance between the nozzle of the air inlet pipe of the particulate matter cutter 2 and the ultrasonic anemometer 1 is less than 50 cm. The air inlet pipe of the particulate matter cutter 2 is made of metal, and the inner diameter of the air inlet pipe is larger than 6 mm. The particle cutter 2 is used for filtering the atmospheric sample to remove particles with the particle size of more than 2.5 μm in the atmospheric sample.
The outlet end of the particulate cutter 2 is communicated with the inlet end of a first air pump 3; the first air pump 3 is used for providing power for the gas to flow in the pipeline;
the outlet end of the first air pump 3 is communicated with the inlet end of a first three-way valve 4; a first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is connected with a first sample collecting unit; the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is connected with the second sample collection unit; in the figure, the first outlet port of the first three-way valve 4 communicates with the inlet port of the second three-way valve 5.1; the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 communicates with the inlet end of the third three-way valve 5.2. The first three-way valve 4 can selectively switch the atmospheric sample flowing into the first three-way valve 4 between entering the second three-way valve 5.1 or the third three-way valve 5.2 under the action of a software-controlled electrical signal.
Specifically, a first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is communicated with an inlet end of the second three-way valve 5.1; a first outlet end of the second three-way valve 5.1 is communicated with an inlet end of the first sampling pipeline 6.1, and a first switch 7.1 is arranged at the tail end of the first sampling pipeline 6.1; a second outlet end of the second three-way valve 5.1 is communicated with an inlet end of a second sampling pipeline 6.2, and a second switch 7.2 is arranged at the tail end of the second sampling pipeline 6.2; the first switch 7.1 is connected to a first inlet end of a first four-way valve 8.1; the second switch 7.2 is connected to the second inlet end of the first four-way valve 8.1; the first outlet end of the first four-way valve 8.1 is communicated with a second air pump 9; the second outlet end of the first four-way valve 8.1 is communicated with a third air pump 10 through an air pumping pipeline 12; a particulate matter online analysis instrument is arranged on the air pumping pipeline 12;
in the invention, the particulate matter on-line analysis instrument can be a particulate matter chemical composition monitor (ACSM)11.1 and a particulate matter particle size analyzer 11.2.
A second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is communicated with an inlet end of a third three-way valve 5.2; a first outlet end of the third three-way valve 5.2 is communicated with an inlet end of a third sampling pipeline 6.3, and a third switch 7.3 is arranged at the tail end of the third sampling pipeline 6.3; a second outlet end of the third three-way valve 5.2 is communicated with an inlet end of a fourth sampling pipeline 6.4, and a fourth switch 7.4 is arranged at the tail end of the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4; the third switch 7.3 is connected to a first inlet end of a second four-way valve 8.2; a fourth switch 7.4 is connected to a second inlet port of the second four-way valve 8.2; the first outlet end of the second four-way valve 8.2 is communicated with a second air pump 9; the second outlet end of the second four-way valve 8.2 is communicated with a third air pump 10 through an air pumping pipeline 12; a particulate matter online analysis instrument is arranged on the air pumping pipeline 12;
therefore, the outlet ends of the second three-way valve 5.1 are respectively provided with a first sampling pipeline 6.1 and a second sampling pipeline 6.2; the second three-way valve 5.1 selectively switches the incoming atmospheric sample between the first sampling line 6.1 and the second sampling line 6.2 under the influence of an electrical signal controlled via software. Similarly, the outlet ends of the third three-way valve 5.2 are respectively provided with a third sampling pipeline 6.3 and a fourth sampling pipeline 6.4, and the third three-way valve 5.2 selectively switches the inflowing atmospheric sample between the third sampling pipeline 6.3 and the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 under the action of an electric signal controlled by software.
The pipeline ends of the first sampling pipeline 6.1, the second sampling pipeline 6.2, the third sampling pipeline 6.3 and the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 are all provided with a switch which can be opened and closed under the action of an electric signal controlled by software. The sampling pipeline has no air outlet end when the switch is in an off state, and the sampling pipeline allows air to flow out when the switch is in an on state.
The first switch 7.1 and the second switch 7.2 are connected to a first four-way valve 8.1, and the third switch 7.3 and the fourth switch 7.4 are connected to a second four-way valve 8.2. The first four-way valve 8.1 and the second four-way valve 8.2 are connected with inlets of a second air pump 9 and a third air pump 10. The first four-way valve 8.1 can be switched under the action of an electric signal controlled by software to change the communication state of a connected pipeline, and the first four-way valve 8.1 is provided with two inlets and two outlets. In a communicating state, the first switch 7.1 is communicated with the second air pump 9, and simultaneously, the second switch 7.2 is communicated with the third air pump 10; in such a communication state, if the first switch 7.1 is turned on, the first sampling pipeline 6.1 is communicated with the second air pump 9 through the first switch 7.1, so that a sample in the first sampling pipeline 6.1 is pumped away by the second air pump 9 to gradually form vacuum; if the second switch 7.2 is opened, the second sampling pipeline 6.2 is communicated with the third air pump 10 through the second switch 7.2; the sample in the second sampling pipeline 6.2 is pumped by the third air pump 10, and part of the sample is pumped by the particle online analysis instrument connected to the air pumping pipeline 12 for analysis and detection. In the other communication state, the first switch 7.1 is in communication with the third suction pump 10, while the second switch 7.2 is in communication with the second suction pump 9.
The connection mode of the second four-way valve 8.2 is similar to that of the first four-way valve 8.1, namely, two communication states exist, and details are not repeated here.
The electric control device is respectively electrically connected with the ultrasonic anemoscope 1, the first air pump 3, the second air pump 9, the third air pump 10, the first three-way valve 4, the second three-way valve 5.1, the third three-way valve 5.2, the first switch 7.1, the second switch 7.2, the third switch 7.3, the fourth switch 7.4, the first four-way valve 8.1 and the second four-way valve 8.2.
The electric control device has the main functions of: the power supply is used for supplying power to mechanical parts, reading the measurement data of the ultrasonic anemometer in real time, and generating and outputting electric signals required by switching of each valve and each switch.
The specific implementation method of the high-frequency measurement of the dry sedimentation flux is as follows.
After entering the first three-way valve 4, the atmosphere containing the particulate matter, which has passed through the particulate matter cutter, may enter the second three-way valve 5.1 or the third three-way valve 5.2 depending on the switching state of the first three-way valve 4. When the atmosphere enters the second three-way valve 5.1, namely enters the first sample collection unit on the left side in fig. 1, the sample collection unit comprises a second three-way valve 5.1, a first sampling pipeline 6.1, a second sampling pipeline 6.2, a first switch 7.1, a second switch 7.2 and a first four-way valve 8.1, and a sample collection function is performed; the second sample collection unit comprises a third three-way valve 5.2, a third sampling pipeline 6.3, a fourth sampling pipeline 6.4, a third switch 7.3, a fourth switch 7.4 and a second four-way valve 8.2. After one cycle, the first three-way valve 4 is switched and the sample collection and analysis functions are interchanged.
When the high-frequency measurement of the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulate matters is operated by the above mechanism, the continuous sampling of the atmospheric sample can be ensured, and the collected sample can be analyzed in real time.
The invention also provides a measuring method applying the high-frequency measuring device for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting real-time wind speed and wind direction by an electric control device through an ultrasonic anemometer 1;
under the action of a first air pump 3, an atmospheric sample firstly enters a particulate cutter 2, and the atmospheric sample is filtered by the particulate cutter 2 to filter out particulate matters with the particle size of more than 2.5 microns; the filtered gas reaches the inlet of the first three-way valve 4;
step 2, the electric control device carries out alternate switching control on the first three-way valve 4, and conducts an inlet of the first three-way valve 4 and a first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4; or, the inlet of the first three-way valve 4 is communicated with the second outlet of the first three-way valve 4;
step 3, at the current moment, when the inlet of the first three-way valve 4 is communicated with the first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4, the first sample collection unit carries out a sampling process, and meanwhile, a collected sample in the second sample collection unit carries out a sample analysis process through a particulate matter online analysis instrument;
step 3A, the first sample acquisition unit performs a sampling process, which includes:
when the first sample acquisition unit is in the sampling process, the first switch 7.1 and the second switch 7.2 are always in the closed state;
the second three-way valve 5.1 selectively switches the incoming atmospheric sample between the first sampling line 6.1 and the second sampling line 6.2 under the influence of an electrical signal controlled via software. Specifically, after the atmospheric sample containing the particulate matters and passing through the particulate matter cutter flows into the inlet of the second three-way valve 5.1, the electric control device performs switching control on the second three-way valve 5.1 according to the current real-time wind direction measured by the ultrasonic anemometer 1, specifically, if the current real-time wind direction is vertical upward, the electric control device conducts the inlet end of the second three-way valve 5.1 and the first outlet end of the second three-way valve 5.1, and the atmospheric sample enters the first sampling pipeline 6.1; if the current real-time wind direction is vertical downward, the electric control device conducts the inlet end of the second three-way valve 5.1 and the second outlet end of the second three-way valve 5.1, and the atmospheric sample enters the second sampling pipeline 6.2;
thereby achieving the effect that the atmospheric sample is accumulated in the first sampling pipeline 6.1 and the second sampling pipeline 6.2; in this state, the first switch 7.1 and the second switch 7.2 are always in the off state, so that the second air pump 9 and the third air pump 10 do not interfere with the gas in the sampling pipeline, and the first four-way valve 8.1 can be in any state;
and 3B, carrying out a sample analysis process on the collected sample in the second sample collection unit through a particulate matter online analysis instrument, wherein the sample analysis process comprises the following steps:
step 3B-1, the third sampling pipe 6.3 is in an analysis state, while the fourth sampling pipe 6.4 is in a waiting state:
since the inlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is not connected to the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4, no air flows into the third three-way valve 5.2, which is equivalent to the inlet end being closed, and therefore the third three-way valve 5.2 is in any communication state;
firstly, the fourth switch 7.4 maintains a closed state, the third switch 7.3 is opened, and meanwhile, the second four-way valve 8.2 is switched and controlled, so that the second four-way valve 8.2 is switched to enable the third sampling pipeline 6.3 to be communicated to the third air pump 10;
at the same time, the atmospheric sample accumulated in the third sampling pipeline 6.3 is pumped away by the third air pump 10, and meanwhile, part of the sample is pumped away by the online particulate matter analysis instrument connected to the air pumping pipeline 12 for atmospheric sample analysis and detection;
when the third sampling pipe 6.3 is in the analysis state, the fourth sampling pipe 6.4 is in the waiting state because the fourth switch 7.4 maintains the closed state;
step 3B-2, the third sampling line 6.3 is in an empty state, while the fourth sampling line 6.4 is in an analysis state:
after the analysis of the sample in the third sampling pipeline 6.3 is finished, the third switch 7.3 is kept in an open state, the second four-way valve 8.2 is switched and controlled, the second four-way valve 8.2 is switched to connect the third sampling pipeline 6.3 to the second air pump 9, and the second air pump 9 pumps residual gas and particles in the third sampling pipeline 6.3 away to empty the pipeline;
when the second four-way valve 8.2 is switched and controlled, the fourth switch 7.4 is opened, at the moment, the second four-way valve 8.2 simultaneously connects the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 to the third air pump 10, and when the atmospheric sample in the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 is pumped away, part of the sample is pumped away by a particulate matter online analyzer connected to the air pumping pipeline 12 to carry out analysis and detection on the atmospheric sample;
step 3B-3, the third sampling pipe 6.3 is in a waiting sampling state, while the fourth sampling pipe 6.4 is in an emptying state:
after the sample in the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 is analyzed, the fourth switch 7.4 is kept open; switching control is carried out on the second four-way valve 8.2, the second four-way valve 8.2 is switched to connect the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 to the second air pump 9, and the second air pump 9 pumps residual gas and particles in the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 away to empty the pipeline;
when the second four-way valve 8.2 is switched and controlled, the third switch 7.3 is closed, the third sampling pipeline 6.3 is closed, and the sampling process of the next period is waited to enter;
after the fourth sampling pipeline 6.4 is emptied, the fourth switch 7.4 is closed, and the sampling process of the next period is waited to enter;
step 4, when the next period is reached, controlling the first three-way valve 4 to enable an inlet of the first three-way valve 4 to be communicated with a second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4, wherein in the period, the second sample collection unit carries out a sampling process, and meanwhile, a collected sample in the first sample collection unit carries out a sample analysis process through a particulate matter online analysis instrument;
the high-frequency measurement and analysis of the dry settlement flux of the atmospheric particulate matter are realized by continuously enabling the first sample collecting unit and the second sample collecting unit to perform alternate sampling and sample analysis processes.
The high-frequency measuring device and method for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the high-frequency measurement device and method for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates combine a relaxation vorticity accumulation method and a particulate online analysis method, and perform online rapid measurement on a particulate sample collected by the relaxation vorticity accumulation method, so that the measurement frequency is greatly accelerated, errors caused by the sample from collection to offline analysis are reduced, and the dry settling flux measurement result is more accurate.
(2) The invention has two sets of sampling systems which run alternately, thus ensuring the lossless and continuous sampling of samples.
(3) The high-frequency measurement device and method for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulate can be simultaneously combined with various particulate on-line analysis methods, such as the particulate component analysis mass spectrometer, the particulate particle size analyzer and the like, so that multi-dimensional dry settling flux information of the particulate can be obtained.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An atmospheric particulate dry settlement flux high-frequency measurement device, comprising: the device comprises an ultrasonic anemoscope (1), a particulate cutter (2), a first air pump (3), a first three-way valve (4), a first sample collection unit, a second air pump (9), a third air pump (10), a particulate online analysis instrument and an electric control device; the first sample collecting unit comprises a second three-way valve (5.1), a first sampling pipeline (6.1), a second sampling pipeline (6.2), a first switch (7.1), a second switch (7.2) and a first four-way valve (8.1); the second sample collection unit comprises a third three-way valve (5.2), a third sampling pipeline (6.3), a fourth sampling pipeline (6.4), a third switch (7.3), a fourth switch (7.4) and a second four-way valve (8.2);
the ultrasonic anemometer (1) is fixedly installed; the pipe orifice of the air inlet pipe of the particulate matter cutter (2) is equal in height to the central position of the ultrasonic anemoscope (1); the outlet end of the particulate matter cutter (2) is communicated with the inlet end of the first air suction pump (3); the outlet end of the first air pump (3) is communicated with the inlet end of the first three-way valve (4); a first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is connected with the first sample collecting unit; the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is connected with the second sample collection unit;
specifically, a first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with an inlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1); a first outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) is communicated with an inlet end of the first sampling pipeline (6.1), and the tail end of the first sampling pipeline (6.1) is provided with the first switch (7.1); a second outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) is communicated with an inlet end of the second sampling pipeline (6.2), and the tail end of the second sampling pipeline (6.2) is provided with the second switch (7.2); the first switch (7.1) is connected to a first inlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1); the second switch (7.2) is connected to the second inlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1); the first outlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1) is communicated with the second air pump (9); the second outlet end of the first four-way valve (8.1) is communicated with the third air pump (10) through an air pumping pipeline (12); the online particulate matter analysis instrument is arranged on the air suction pipeline (12);
the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with the inlet end of the third three-way valve (5.2); a first outlet end of the third three-way valve (5.2) is communicated with an inlet end of the third sampling pipeline (6.3), and a third switch (7.3) is installed at the tail end of the third sampling pipeline (6.3); a second outlet end of the third three-way valve (5.2) is communicated with an inlet end of the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4), and the tail end of the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is provided with the fourth switch (7.4); the third switch (7.3) is connected to the first inlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2); the fourth switch (7.4) is connected to the second inlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2); the first outlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2) is communicated with the second air pump (9); a second outlet end of the second four-way valve (8.2) is communicated with the third air pump (10) through an air pumping pipeline (12); the online particulate matter analysis instrument is arranged on the air suction pipeline (12);
the electric control device is electrically connected with the ultrasonic anemoscope (1), the first air pump (3), the second air pump (9), the third air pump (10), the first three-way valve (4), the second three-way valve (5.1), the third three-way valve (5.2), the first switch (7.1), the second switch (7.2), the third switch (7.3), the fourth switch (7.4), the first four-way valve (8.1) and the second four-way valve (8.2) respectively.
2. The high-frequency measuring device for the dry settling flux of atmospheric particulates according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal distance from the orifice of the air inlet pipe of the particulate cutter (2) to the ultrasonic anemometer (1) is less than 50 cm.
3. The high-frequency measurement device for the dry settling flux of atmospheric particulates according to claim 1, wherein the online particulate matter analysis instrument is a particulate matter chemical composition monitor (11.1) and a particulate matter particle size analyzer (11.2).
4. The measuring method of the high-frequency measuring device for the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulates, as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, detecting real-time wind speed and wind direction by an electric control device through an ultrasonic anemometer (1);
under the action of a first air pump (3), an atmospheric sample firstly enters a particle cutter (2), and the atmospheric sample is filtered by the particle cutter (2) to filter particles with the particle size of more than 2.5 microns; the filtered gas reaches the inlet of the first three-way valve (4);
step 2, the electric control device carries out alternate switching control on the first three-way valve (4) and conducts an inlet of the first three-way valve (4) and a first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4); or the inlet of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4);
step 3, at the current moment, when the inlet of the first three-way valve (4) is communicated with the first outlet end of the first three-way valve (4), the first sample collection unit carries out a sampling process, and meanwhile, a collected sample in the second sample collection unit carries out a sample analysis process through a particulate matter online analysis instrument;
step 3A, the first sample acquisition unit performs a sampling process, which includes:
when the first sample acquisition unit is in a sampling process, the first switch (7.1) and the second switch (7.2) are always in an off state;
after the atmospheric sample flows into the inlet of the second three-way valve (5.1), the electric control device switches and controls the second three-way valve (5.1) according to the current real-time wind direction measured by the ultrasonic anemoscope (1), specifically, if the current real-time wind direction is vertical wind direction upward, the electric control device conducts the inlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) and the first outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1), and the atmospheric sample enters the first sampling pipeline (6.1); if the current real-time wind direction is vertical to the wind direction downwards, the electric control device conducts the inlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1) and the second outlet end of the second three-way valve (5.1), and the atmospheric sample enters the second sampling pipeline (6.2);
thereby realizing the effect that the atmospheric sample is accumulated in the first sampling pipeline (6.1) and the second sampling pipeline (6.2); in the state, the first switch (7.1) and the second switch (7.2) are always in a closed state, so that the second air pump (9) and the third air pump (10) cannot interfere with gas in a sampling pipeline, and the first four-way valve (8.1) can be in any state;
and 3B, carrying out a sample analysis process on the collected sample in the second sample collection unit through a particulate matter online analysis instrument, wherein the sample analysis process comprises the following steps:
step 3B-1, the third sampling pipe (6.3) is in an analysis state, while the fourth sampling pipe (6.4) is in a waiting state:
because the inlet end of the first three-way valve (4) is not communicated with the second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4), no air flow flows into the third three-way valve (5.2), namely the inlet end is closed, and therefore the third three-way valve (5.2) is in any communication state;
firstly, the fourth switch (7.4) maintains a closed state, the third switch (7.3) is opened, and meanwhile, the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, so that the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched to enable the third sampling pipeline (6.3) to be communicated to the third air pump (10);
at the same time, the atmospheric sample accumulated in the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is pumped away by the third air pump (10), and meanwhile, part of the sample is pumped away by a particulate matter online analysis instrument connected to the air pumping pipeline (12) to carry out atmospheric sample analysis and detection;
when the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is in the analysis state, the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is in the waiting state because the fourth switch (7.4) maintains the closing state;
step 3B-2, the third sampling pipe (6.3) is in an empty state, while the fourth sampling pipe (6.4) is in an analysis state:
after the analysis of the sample in the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is finished, the third switch (7.3) is kept in an open state, the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched to connect the third sampling pipeline (6.3) to the second air pump (9), and the second air pump (9) pumps residual gas and particles in the third sampling pipeline (6.3) away to empty the pipeline;
when the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, the fourth switch (7.4) is turned on, at the moment, the second four-way valve (8.2) simultaneously connects the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) to the third air suction pump (10), and when the atmospheric sample in the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is sucked away, part of the sample is sucked away by a particulate matter online analysis instrument connected to the air suction pipeline (12) to carry out analysis and detection on the atmospheric sample;
step 3B-3, the third sampling pipe (6.3) is in a waiting sampling state, while the fourth sampling pipe (6.4) is in an emptying state:
after the sample in the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is analyzed, the fourth switch (7.4) is kept open; switching control is carried out on the second four-way valve (8.2), the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched to connect the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) to the second air pump (9), and the second air pump (9) pumps residual gas and particles in the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) away to empty the pipeline;
when the second four-way valve (8.2) is switched and controlled, the third switch (7.3) is closed, the third sampling pipeline (6.3) is closed, and the sampling process of the next period is waited to enter;
after the fourth sampling pipeline (6.4) is emptied, the fourth switch (7.4) is closed, and the sampling process of the next period is waited to enter;
step 4, when the next period is reached, controlling the first three-way valve (4) to enable an inlet of the first three-way valve (4) to be communicated with a second outlet end of the first three-way valve (4), wherein in the period, the second sample collection unit carries out a sampling process, and meanwhile, a collected sample in the first sample collection unit carries out a sample analysis process through a particulate matter online analysis instrument;
if the first sample collecting unit and the second sample collecting unit are continuously and alternately sampled and analyzed, the high-frequency measurement and analysis of the dry settling flux of the atmospheric particulate matters are realized.
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